那么什么才是领导才能？领导才能似乎是那些只能意会，很难言传的品质。对于领导才能有很多评论，也产生了很多定义。许多人通常把领导才能与领导者联系在一起，突出表现为四点：第一，领导意味着影响他人；第二，有领导者就有随从者；第三，领导者通常是在出现危机或者特殊问题时表现出自己的才能，即他们能够在需要提出创新方案以解决危机或特殊问题时站出来；第四，领导者非常清楚自己的目标和动机。因此，领导者是那些能够在突发情况下创新思路，不墨守成规的人。他们能够自己主动的指挥他人采取行动，改变他人的看法，调动他人的情绪。这样看来，领导才能属于个人素质范畴，是个人品质和行为的反映。但是谁是，还有人认为，领导才能表现为管理才能或者专业才能，领导者扮演的是管理者或专家的角色。实际上，并不是所有的管理者都是领导者，也并不是所有的领导者都是管理者。这是很令人迷惑的。
文化的奥秘
消费者视全球品牌为理想文化的象征。他们用全球品牌树立想象中自己的全球形象，使与自己志趣相投的人彼此吸引。跨国公司为此在竞相推出最高价值的产品的同时，还揭力宣传其蕴涵的文化之神秘，一次吸引全球消费者。
“全球品牌让我们感觉自己是世界全球公民，并赋予我们一种身份特征，”一位阿根廷消费者如是说。一位新西兰消费者亦是同感：“全球品牌让大家觉得自己属于一个更大的群体，让大家有一种归属感。”一位哥斯达黎加的消费者的话最能说明消费者购买全球品牌的动机：“地方品牌告诉人们现状，全球品牌告诉人们未来。”这种观点并不新颖，在二战后的年代里，迪斯尼，麦当劳，列维斯特劳斯和杰克丹尼等公司在全世界范围内宣扬美国文化的神秘，而今天，全球文化的神秘已较少的与美国生活方式有关。并且，这种文化的神秘已经不仅仅产生于能够体现人们生活方式及奢华程度的品牌，现在的神秘感来自于几乎所有的全球品牌，来自于从信息技术到石油工业的广泛行业领域。
1.He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed. 2.A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason. 3.I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back. 4.All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know? 5.My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at high speed. 6.Except for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all the other requirements. 7.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time. 8.In fact, she went in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid. 9.If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend. 10.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away Polly becomes weaker. 11.To teach her to think appeared to be a rather big task. 12.One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time. 13.There is a limit to what any human being can bear. 14.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly (the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan. 15.Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me. 1.I was once so completely absorbed in the important affairs of the world that I devoted all my attention, time and energy to them and only occasionally did I allow myself a little rest by reading poetry or listening to music. 2.Or maybe my suppressed inclination has been brought out under Laura’s unintentional influence. 3.I was as puritanical as a Pharisee and I viewed with contempt all those who lived a less practical life than my own and regarded them as creatures on the moon. 4.Just imagine how I have changed now. Here I stand, sentimental and sensitive, like an old unmarried woman painting a water-color picture of the sunset. 5.I want to enjoy beauty to my heart’s content before I die. 6.I feel that I am weightless and totally absorbed by the night and feel at peace with the night. 7.I imagine devoted religious people must feel as clean and pure as I do now when they leave the solemn confessional after gaining pardon for their sins. 8.In the same way I let myself freely imagine what the innermost part of Laura’s character presents. She looks so severe outwardly, but inwardly she is full of tenderness---tenderness like delicate flowers waiting for the daring to discover them. 9.We human beings ought to learn from the wise bird, knowing how far we can allow ourselves to go; knowing how much freedom of conduct we can allow ourselves to have. 10.Here I’m born anew, completely different from the past, changed excessively or to an unusual extent. 11.The Pacific Ocean alone is much larger than all the continents combined. 12.A storm that lasted two days has made me extremely excited and happy, but above all, I love these idle days in which I throw off all the qualities, perspectives, values and everything else that made me as what I was: I’m born anew.
高级英语1第1单元练习答案 I. Text Comprehension 1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose. A.To condemn with the author's own experience racial discrimination in American society as late as the 1940s. B.To describe the author's trip with her family to Washington D. C. as a graduation present. C.To disclose the fact that the black people were still leading a poor life in the United States. Key: [ A ] 2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1.The author took her first trip to Washington D. C. at the beginning of the summer upon her graduation from the eighth grade. [ T ] 2.The author's sister graduated at the same time from the same school. [ F ] 3.They went at night on a milk train to Washington D. C. because it was cheaper. [ F ] 4.The dining car food in the 1940s always cost too much money and no one could tell whose hands had been playing all over that food, nor where those same hands had been just before. [ F ] 5.Phyllis's high school senior class trip had been to Washington D. C. before, but she didn't enjoy herself at all. [ F ] 6.The author's father, moved by the historical surroundings and the heat of early evening, decided to entertain the family again. [ T ] 7.Insulted by the waitress's words, the author and her family turned around and marched out of the store, quiet but outraged. [ T ] 8.The author wrote and typed her angry letter and managed to mail it to the president of the United States. [ F ] II. Writing Strategies 1. Flashback: A flashback (闪回) is a technique used by writers. It is often used in movies, television and literature. It involves a character remembering something that happened to him in the past. Activity: Besides P aragraph 2, you’re expected to find out some other paragraphs that contain this technique. Tips: Besides Paragraph 2, Paragraphs 6, 8 and 9 contain or involve flashbacks. Here is a movie clip from The Bourne Ultimatum, in which the technique of flashback is used. 2. Symbolism Symbolism in art tries to show not what is real but what could stand instead of what exists. It deals with ideas that aren't physical, mostly. e.g. Moby-Dick: representation of an unknowable God; Scarlet Letter: The scarlet letter “A” is meant to be a symbol of shame, but instead it becomes a powerful symbol of identity to Hester.
《高级英语》考试大纲 一、课程性质及课程设置的目的和要求 （一）教学目的： 高级英语是高等教育自学考试英语专业高级阶段（本科）的精读课，属必考课程。在语音、语调、词汇和语法的知识已经掌握，听、说、读、写、译的语言技能已经打好基础后，本课程的重点是：（1）提高阅读理解和词汇运用能力，即能掌握和使用所学的词汇，特别是同义词、近义词的区分和使用，正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点；（2）提高语言表达能力，即能用英语解释、用汉语翻译文章中的难句，使用英语归纳文章的主题思想，并能对文章的内容进行简单的分析、评论。 在这一阶段，学生应该能用辞典和其他工具书独立解决语言和文化、背景知识方面的难点，提高自学能力，增加自学能力，增加文化知识，尤其是所学语言国家（主要是英、美）的背景和文化知识，更好地使语言和文化结合在一起。 （二）教学要求： 本课程的教学要注重使用以学生为中心的讨论式教学方法。以目标语为授课和课堂交流语言。通过真实的交际型任务，创造好的语言产出环境，以便培养学生使用目标语言在高层次上表达、交流思想和分析问题的能力。同时要注重语言输入的质量和文化内涵，以便让学生得到真实和地道的语言信息。 本课程包括政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面的文章。每课前附有导读课文后附有注释，包括作家介绍，历史背景，有关典故，语言难点并且每篇课文都配有大量的相关练习，包括课文理解、词汇练习、口头练习、中英互译和写作练习等。通过高级英语本课程的学习，学生应达到以下基本要求： （1）词汇：通过课堂学习和其他途径认知词汇达到10，000个，并能熟练地使用其中的4000个及其最常用的搭配，并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力。 （2）阅读：能顺利阅读语言难度较高、内容广泛、体裁多样的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，领会作者的观点和态度，能就文章的内容进行预测、分析、推理、判断和综合概括，能分析篇章结构，阅读速度达到每分钟180个词。能顺利查阅和使用工具书，参考书及其他参考资料。 （3）听力：能听懂题材熟悉，内容广泛，语速正常的英语讲话，广播，演讲等，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关的细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度，并能进行分析，推理和综合概括。 （4）口语：能就熟悉的话题进行交流，能就国内外重大问题与外宾进行流利而得体的交流，能系统，深入，连贯地发表自己的见解，语音基本正确，语调自然。 （5）写作：掌握基本的写作知识，能较好地掌握句子之间和段落之间的衔接手段，同时能熟练地使用各种衔接手段连贯地表达思想。能在阅读难度与课文相当的书面材料时作笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要。能在半小时内就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示写出150—200字的短文。能写报告，评论，和日常应用文，内容完整，思路清楚。 （6）翻译：能运用翻译的理论和技巧，借助字典，将英美报刊上的文章和文学原著译成汉语或能将我国报刊，杂志上的文章译成英语，译文达意，语言通顺，译速为每小时英文为300单词，中文为250个汉字。 （7）文化：熟悉英语国家的地理，历史，文化传统和风俗习惯，具有较多的人文知识和科技知识。 二、课程内容 本课程教材共《高级英语》（上）和《高级英语》（下）两册。 教材精选课文32篇，每册16篇。读懂这32篇课文，并在此基础上完成课文后面练习题为考
高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We’re23feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter)had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out） Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant,concerned about） The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in th eir neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitt ed by the plant. 3.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿。（mount to） In this area,investment in ecological projects mounted up to billions of yuan. 4.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。（strewn with） The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。（perish）Although war caused great losses to this country,its local cultural traditi ons did not perish. 6.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑都被拆毁了。（demolish） To make space for modern high rises,a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural fe atures had to be demolished. 7.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。（disintegrate） The main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated in the earthqua ke. 8.他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化为了泡影。
Lesson 1 Question: 1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad? For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home. 2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary? They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. 3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape? It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot. 4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland. 5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing? A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit. 6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores? A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished. 7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions. 8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over? They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay. Paraphrase: 1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he b
THE LOONS 课后习题答案/answer I . 1)The Tonnerres were poor The basis of their dwelling was a small square cabin made of poles and mud, which had been built some fifty years before. As the Tonnerres had increased in number, their settlement had been added, until thc clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos, wooden packing cases, warped lumber, discarded car tyres, ramshackle chicken coops, tangled strands of barbed wire and rusty tin cans. 2)Sometimes, one of them would get involved in a fight on Main Street and be put for the night in the barred cell underneath the Court House. 3)Because she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and should have a couple of months rest to get better. 4)Her mother first objected to take Piquette along because she was afraid that the girl would spread the disease to her children and she believed that the girl was not hygienic. She then agreed to do so because she preferred Piquette to the narrator's grandmother, who promised not to go along with the family and decided to stay in the city if the girl was taken along. 5)The cottage was called Macleod, their family name. The scenery there was quite beautiful with all kinds of plants and animals at the lakeside. 6)The narrator knew that maybe Piquette was an Indian descendant who knew the woods quite well, so she tried to ask Piquette to go and play in the wood and tell her stories about woods. 7)Because Piquette thought the narrator was scorning and showing contempt for her Indian ancestors, which was just opposite to her original intention. 8)Because the narrator felt somewhat guilty. Piquette stayed most of the time in the cottage and hardly played with the narrator. At the same time, she felt there was in Piquette something strange and unknown and unfathomable. 9)That was the very rare chance she was unguarded and unmasked, so that the author could perceive her inner world. 10)Her full name is Vanessa Macleod. 11)Just as the narrator's father predicted, the loons would go away when more cottages were built at the lake with more people moving in. The loons disappeared as nature was ruined by civilization. In a similar way, Piquette and her people failed to find their position in modern society. Ⅱ. 1)who looked deadly serious, never laughed 2)Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get involved in a rough, noisy quarrel or fight on a Saturday night after much drinking of liquor. 3)She often missed her classes and had little interest in schoolwork. 4)I only knew her as a person who would make other people feel ill at ease. 5)She lived and moved somewhere within my range of sight (Although I saw her, I paid little attention to her). 6)If my mother had to make a choice between Grandmother Macleod and
1) Little donkeys thread their way among the throngs of people 2) Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. 3) They narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down. 4) He will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. 5) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear.
1) Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. 2) The cab driver’s door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. 3) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. 4) I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. 5) The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.
Lesson One 1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2. Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5. ....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8. English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. Translation
Unit1 Paraphrase 1.Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2.The house was built in1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator, it stopped working. As a result all lights were put out. 5.Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed/ruined by water. 7.As john watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8.Oh, God, please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9.She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10.Janis didn't show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. Practice with words and expressions A 1.main:a principal pipe, conduit, or line in a distributing system for water, gas, electricity, etc.