专业英语07-08A卷

2007年英语专八试卷真题及答案Part2 Reading Comprehension (30min)Text AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard ofliving.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symb ol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations. √D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separat ist.√B. Conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people’s desire for devolution.B. locals’ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.√14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.√C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people’s mentality. √B. pop culture.C. town’s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Text BGetting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.s voted in favour and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks- too late for women to register for June’s municipal elections. The next s uch elections aren’t until 2009. Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women’s political rights for years. Ironically, the democraticall y elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. “When I came to Parliament today, people who voted yes didn’t even shake hands with me,” said one Shia clerc. “Why can’t we respect each other and work together?”Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don’t insult their emir, naturally) and boas t a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical andengineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK’s Arabic edition, som e Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party’s entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world’s answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn’t dance for us, alas, since shaking one’s body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn’t stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture. You’d think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait’s younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls-Kuwait’s archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duckStrict parents and the social taboos of dating in public. young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service .At Pizza Hut, I thought I’d got an answer after encountering a young woman who loo ked every inch the modern suffragette—drainpipe jeans,strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple rhinestones. But, no, Miriam Al-Enizi, 20,studying business administration at Kuwait University, doesn’t think women need the vote.” Me n are better at politics than women,”she explained, adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need. Welcome to democracy, Kuwait style.16. According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?A. Foreign tourists.B. Women protestors.√C. Foreign journalists.D. Members of the National Assembly.17. The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass becauseA. Different interest groups held different concerns.√B.Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.C. Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.D.Parliament members were all conservatives.18. What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.C. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.√D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.19. Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?A. They seem to be quite contented.B. They go in for Western fashions.C. They desire more than modern necessities.√D. They favour the use of hi-tech products.Text CRichard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creatureand embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard's contemporaries called him" Coeur de Lion"(The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He reioiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the jouthey to the East,Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier’s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconiled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland andother heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.The archer was flayed alive.20 “ little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph one) means that the EnglishA. paid few taxes to him.B. gave him little respect.C. received little protection from him.D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him.√21. To say that his wife was a “ magnificent parade’( paragraph Tw o) implies that it was to some extent.A . spent chiefly at war. B. impressive and admirable.C. lived too pompouslyD. an empty show.√22. Richard’s behaviour as death approached showed.\A. bravery and self-control.B. Wisdom and correctnessC. Devotion a nd romanceD. Chivalry and charity√23. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard wasA. cheated by his own successorsB. determined to take revenge on his enemies.C. more generous to his enemies than his seccesors.D unable to influence the be havior of his successors.√24. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?A. An aggressive king, too fond of war.B. A brave king with minor faults.√C. A competent but cunning soldier.D. A kind with great political skills.25. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is thatA. each presents one side of the picture. √B. the first generalizes the second gives examples.C. the second is the logical result of the first.D. both present Richard’s virtues and fault s.TEXT DThe miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security-even comfort- for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days- lack of food warmth, shelter- would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility- in some cases the promise- of lifetime employmentplus guaranteed pensions.? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For mi llennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, Ultimately I’ll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended it’s no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend a affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance ofThe 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested- the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth wh en the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. E nron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all.At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock wasfalling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’’ re tirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re o n their own26. why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.√27. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.√B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.28. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offs.B. the government cuts in welfare spending.√C. the economic restructuring.D. the warning power of labors unions.29. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.√C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.30. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.√PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPTA. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the Jutes √D. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented byA. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general √33. The Declaration of Independence was written byA. Thomas Jefferson √B. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia wereA. the Red IndiansB. the EskimoC. the Ab origines √D. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights √36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. Irish √D. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written byA. Arthur Miller √B. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. Morphology √C. Semant icsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPTA. LexicalB. SyntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic √40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example ofA.widening of meaning √B. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning英译中Good bye and good luck Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, fatster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹.与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命，也危害到该星球的寿命。

2008年职称英语（综合类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．With immense relief, I stopped running.A．someB．enormousC．littleD．extensive正确答案：B解析：immense表示“巨大的、极大的”，常用于形容时间、金钱、工作量、精力等等。

Completing that project calls for an immense amount of time and fund．(完成那个项目需要大量的时间和资金的投入)。

在四个选项中只有enormous具有“大”的意思。

Extensive派生自动词extend,是“广泛、宽广”的意思。

2．The scientists began to accumulate data.A．collectB．handleC．analyzeD．investigate正确答案：A解析：accumulate是“积累”的意思。

句子的意思是：科学家们开始积累资料。

和它意义相近的是collect。

Handle处理，analyze分析，investigate调查。

3．Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A．hitB．passedC．reachedD．led正确答案：B解析：动词overtake是“赶上并超过”的意思，所以可以用pass来代替它。

Reach是“到达(某地)”的意思，hit撞上去，lead带领、引领。

4．Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A．possibleB．profitableC．easyD．wise正确答案：D解析：advisable是“可取的、合适的”的意思，所以和wise“明智的”同义。

渤海石油职业学院2007—2008学年度第二学期期末考试试卷(A)课程名称：公共英语适用班级：07级高招（东院）班级：姓名：学号：分数：PartI Vocabulary and StructureSection A (1*15)Directions:complete each of the following statements with the appropriate answer from all the words given.enroll illustrate hook know-how shift appreciate sight encourage crisis mention anticipate diet investigate special attach1.The computer looks nothing_____ but its computational feats are extraordinary.2.We are told that the case is under _____.3.Aperson with liver troubles should take low-fat_____.4.When we send an email to someone,we often include an _____which may be a text ,or a picture or a video clip.5.Her eyes were badly hurt in the fall and they became_____.6.You can’t fully_____foreign literature in translation.7.The teacher ‘s words were a great _____to him.8.In time of _____it’s really good to have a friend to turn to.9.“Thank you very much for helping me!”“Don’t _____it.10.In _____of bad weather they took plenty of warm closes.11.Don’t _____the responsibility onto others.You should do it yourself.12.The mastery of negotiation _____makes it possible for him to become successful businessman.13.The class has an _____of 33students.14.The scientist cited vivid instances in _____of his theory.15.I_____a 20-pound salmon last week.Section B. (1*15) Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions or adverbs.1.The wet weather extended _____September.2.The international corporation paid 50000yuan_____the firm.3 Oliver dashed _____the room, grabbed her bag, and ran out again.4. I cannot concentrate_____ my studies with all that noise going on.5.We had no difficulty _____finding the hotel.6. The company had to lay _____25employees because of production slow down.7.In the dark I bumped _____a chair by the window.8. My younger brother always dreams to become a scientist when he grows_____.9. My grandmother lived _____for many years after my grandfather died.10. People cannot live _____ air.11.The police have not looked _____the case yet.12.Will you please turn _____your stereo a little, it’s too loud and I can concentrate on my writing.13.A person description is painting a picture of a person _____words.14.The school band enjoys a good reputation _____students.15.American civil war broke _____on April 12,1861.Section C.(1*15)Spell out the words with the help of the given definition and the first letters.1.single;separate. i_____2. made by human; lacking true. a_____3. hurt; damage i_____4.think about c_____5.do some study in order to discover new fact r_____.6.misrepresent d_____7.power of learning ;understanding and reasoning i_____.8.most important e_____.9.focus attention intensively on sth, not thinking about other things c_____.10.interest or subjects to which one gives particular attention or in which he majorss_____.11.obtain or achieve sth you want or need g_____.12. Careful, thorough,and exact r_____.13.give a name to n_____.14.supply p_____.15.first or eariest. o_____.PartII Reading ComprehensionDirections: this part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task1 (2*5)Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 1Through5.For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.We have heard it repeatedly; most people do not get enough exercise. Yet when we look at our dogs, we can say we do not give them enough exercise either.Do dogs enjoy exercise? Of course they do. Just ask people who have asked their dog if he wants to go for a walk. What has happened from then on whenever they have said the word walk? Dogs usually get so excited about going for walks.The biggest issue about an exercise program for our dogs is getting them started. never begin taking your under-exercise dog for extremely(极度的)long walks all of a sudden .Dogs, just like people, need to warm up before they start to exercise and they should start a program slowly.Walking is great exercise for you and your dog alike .what is important is that the walking becomes a routine and is done on a regular basis(经常的).Regular means twice a day or more if it is all right with you .If you are tired of walking and your dog still wants to continue, then playing a game with your dog or letting your dog go after a toy can finish the program for the day.The reduce any possible health risk; consider the following dos and don’ts for exercising your dog:Do warm your dog up with a gentle walk before starting any exercise.Do have water available (可得到的),but do not let him drink too much directly (马上) after a long walk .Do make the exercise a routine event.Don’t overdo it.Don’t feed your dog immediately before or after exercise.Don’t exercise your dog outside on the hottest part of a summer day or in very cold winter weather.1. According to the passage, how do we know dogs enjoy exercise?A)Dogs, unlike people, don’t feel tired after vigorous exercise.B)Dogs exercise outdoors in the heat of summer and cold of winter.C)Dogs get excited when we exercise them by taking them on a walk, for example.D)Dogs, those under-exercised included, can walk for extremely long hours.2. The biggest issue about an exercise program for our dogs is _________.A)Warming them upB)Chaining them upC)Dressing them upD)Feeding them up3. According to the writer, what is important about walking?A)It should be stopped once you feel tired.B)It should be started suddenly.C)It should be ended with a game or play.D)It should be done twice a day or more if possible.4. What should you do if you are tired of walking but your dog wants to continue?A)Walk it till it gets tiredB)Play a game with him instead.C)Let him walk alone.D)Go home immediately5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A)Dogs have better strength and endurance than humans.B)Dogs are energetic, so we can never over-exercise them.C)Dogs need more exercise than they get, but people don’t.D)Dogs should not be fed shortly before or after exercise.Task2 (2*5)Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 1Through5.For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Some people were eating and drinking in a coffee house. A young woman was sitting alone. She was wearing a beautiful diamond necklace. There was an ugly man at a table not far from her. He was looking at her necklace all the time.Suddenly the lights went out. The coffee house was in darkness. The woman started to shout. She was very frightened. A few minutes later the lights came on again, the woman was crying. Her necklace was missing.The manager quickly closed all the doors. He telephoned the police. No one could get off the coffee house. The policemen soon came. The police inspector told his men to search everyone. The necklace was not on anyone. They then searched the whole coffee house. The necklace couldn’t be found.The police inspector then looked at the faces of all the people in the coffee house. He saw the ugly man and looked at the man carefully. He went up to the man and picked up the bowl of soup that was on his table. He then poured the soup into the glasses. The necklace fell out. The policemen caught hold of the man and took him away. The young woman was happy to get back her necklace.1. A young woman lost her necklace in_______.A.a hospitalB. a shopC. a coffee houseD. a restaurant2. The necklace was made of _______.A. diamondB. goldC. glassD. stone3. The manager closed all the doors and ______.A.searched everyone in the coffee houseB. searched the whole coffee houseC. telephoned the policeD. looked at all the people in the coffee house4 The police inspector found the necklace in ______.A. a cup of coffeeB. a bowl of riceC. a glass of milkD. a bowl of soup5 The ugly man was caught and taken away by ______.A. the inspectorB. the policemenC. the managerD. the customsTask 3 (1.25*8)Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 1through5.and then tell whether the following statements are true or false.Hospitals provide a broad range of medical services to sick, injured, or pregnant patients. Hospitals employ medical, nursing, and support staff to provide inpatient care to people who require close medical monitoring and outpatient care to people who need treatment but not constant medical attention. Hospitals provide diagnosis and medical treatment of physical and mental health problems, surgery, rehabilitation, health education programs, and nursing and physician training. Many hospitals also serve as centers for research and medical technology.Hospital are classified by the services they provide (general or specialized), the length of stay they offer patients (short stay or long-term care), and by their ownership (not-for-profit, proprietary, or government owned).General hospitals, regardless of their size, provide patients with a wide range of services, including emergency treatment, surgery, and medical and nursing care.Specialized hospitals, in contrast, may concentrate on a particular group of patients, such as children, or a disease, such as cancer. Some specialized hospitals combine treatment and research.Some general and specialized hospitals also function as tertiary care centers treating the most difficult and complex cases or the most seriously ill patient. These may include patients who need heart, lung or liver transplants.( ) 1.hospital only serves the sick people.( ) 2.the word pregnant means crazy.( ) 3.hospitals treats not only physical problems but also mental problems. ( ) 4.some hospitals are also centers for research and medical technology. ( ) 5.general and specialized hospitals are classified by the length of stay they offer patients.( ) 6.specialized hospitals concentrate on cancers.( ) 7.specialized hospitals provide treatment and also do research.( ) 8.some people with serious illness may need heart, lung or liver transplants. Task4 (1*5)Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 1through5. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.The Beatles, British rock music group, greatly influenced the culture and music of the 1960s and beyond. From 1964through 1969, the Beatles achieved unprecedented (史无前例)popularity with 30songs reaching the billboard magazine top-ten popular music charts.The band began to take shape in Liverpool, England, in 1957, when john Lennon invited Paul McCartney to join his band the quarry men. Within a year George Harrison had added to the group. in 1960 the band took the name the Beatles, and ringo star signed on as the drummer in 1962 .the Beatles stayed together until 1970,creating a sophisticated and varied sound that fans continue to enjoy. Influenced by American rock-and-roll artists of the late 1950s, the Beatles styled their songs in the sophisticated manner. Their early songs, such as I want to hold your hand and a hard day’s night followed the simple and fresh style.In 1970 the Beatles split up and each member pursued another musical career, either as a solo artist or as bandleader. Despite individual successes, member were often reunited until john Lennon’s murder in 1980.The Beatle won the Grammy trustees award in 1972 and the group was inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame in 1988.the album, which included the previously unrecorded song free as a bird, became one of the fastest-selling albums in the history of popular music.Questions:1.Which of the following events happened first?A.the band took the name the Beatles.B.Ringo Starr signed on as the drummer.C.The Beatles split up .D.John Lennon was murdered.2.Which of the following was not the achievement the Beatles made?A.winning the grammy trustees award.B.Being inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame.C.Influencing the American rock-and –roll artists of the late 1950s.D.30songs reaching the billboard magazine top-ten popular music charts3.What was characteristic of the style of their early songs ?A.Simple and fresh .B.hard to understand .C.fast .D.easy to follow.4.When did the Beatles split up ?A.in 1970.B.In 1972.C.In 1980.D.In 1988.5.From which year did the Beatles stop reuniting?A.from 1969.B.From 1957.C.From 1988.D.From 1980.Task 5.(2*5)Directions:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 1through5. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.An e-book , also as an electronic（电子的）book, is an electronic version（版本）of a print book that you can download（下载）and read. What you need in order to read an e-book is an E-book Reader, which is a kind of free software used by your computer. Make sure you have the proper Reader before you download your e-book from the Internet. The software allows you to turn the words on the screen into proper size you like. It also helps you turn pages and change your choice of viewing. E-books are a fun alternative to regular books. You can download them to any computer, including your portable（便携式）computer so you can take them with you when you travel, and create your own library of hundreds of titles. Best of all, when you order an e-book, there is no waiting and no shipping or handling charges. The amount of time it takes to download your e-book depends on the speed of your connection and size of your e-book.41.From this passage, we know that an e-book__________A.can be read by any reader who has a computerB.should be read with the help of a special kind of softwareC.is a print form of a book often found in librariesD.can be downloaded by turning on the computer42.The e-book Reader is used for________A.turning a print book into an electronic versionB.developing an e-book in a portable computerC.downloading an e-book from the InternetD.finding fun alternatives to an e-book43.From this passage, we can learn that_______A.reading an e-book involves a lot of troubleB.the ordered e-books have to be shipped to youC.you can order an e-book from the E-book ReaderD.travelers can create an e-book on a portable computer44. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.An e-book can be obtained through the InternetB.The size of the words in an e-book cannot be changedC.An e-book is ordered in the same way as a print bookD.One has to pay some money to get an E-book Reader45.Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?A.Choices of E-booksB.Advantages of E-booksC.Introduction to E-booksD.Importance of E-booksPart V Writing （10）Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing.You are required to write a letter according to theinstructions given in Chinese. You should write no less than60 English words on the Answer Sheet.根据以下内容写一封求职推荐信。

第二部分2007年----2012年英语专业八级阅读真题2007年Text AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. Once widely spoken on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Governments financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as CatherineZeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands. “There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations.D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separatist.B. conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people's desire for devolution.B. locals' turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people's mentality.B. pop culture.C. town's appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Text BGetting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.S voted in favor and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks- too late for women to register for June's municipal elections. The next such elections aren't until 2009. Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed forwomen's political rights for years. Ironically, the democratically elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. “When I came to Parliament to day, people who voted yes didn't even shake hands with me,” said one Shia clerc. “Why can't we respect each other and work together?” Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don't insult their emir, naturally) and boast a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical and engineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK's Arabic edition, some Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party's entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world's answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn't dance for us, alas, since shaking one's body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn't stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture. You'd think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait's younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls-Kuwait's archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duck strict parents and the social taboos of dating in public. Young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service .At Pizza Hut, I thought I'd got an answer after encountering a young woman who looked every inch the modern suffragette—drainpipe jeans,strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple rhinestones. But, no, Miriam Al-Enizi, 20, studying business administration at Kuwait University, doesn't think women need the vote.” Men are better at politics than women,” she explained, adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need. Welcome to democracy, Kuwait style.16. According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?A. Foreign tourists.B. Women protestors.C. Foreign journalists.D. Members of the National Assembly.17. The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass becauseA. Different interest groups held different concerns.B. Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.C. Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.D.Parliament members were all conservatives.18. What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.C. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.19. Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?A. They seem to be quite contented.B. They go in for Western fashions.C. They desire more than modern necessities.D. They favour the use of hi-tech products.Text CRichard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. WhenRichard's contemporaries called him" Coeur de Lion"(The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He reioiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body. Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the journey to the East, Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. Confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he mustpay a soldier’s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland another heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.The archer was flayed alive.20 “little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph one) means that the EnglishA. paid few taxes to him.B gave him little respect.C received little protection from him.D had no real cause to feel grateful to him.21. To say that his wife was a “ magnificent parade’( paragraph Two) implies that it was to some extent.A .spent chiefly at war.B impressive and admirable.C lived too pompouslyD. an empty show.22. Richard’s behaviour as death approached sh owed.A. bravery and self-control.B. Wisdom and correctnessC. Devotion and romanceD. Chivalry and charity23. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard wasA. cheated by his own successorsB. determined to take revenge on his enemies.C. more generous to his enemies than his seccesors.D unable to influence the behavior of his successors.24. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?A. An aggressive king, too fond of war.B. A brave king with minor faults.C A competent but cunning soldier.D A kind with great political skills.25. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is thatA. each presents one side of the picture.B. the first generalizes the second gives examples.C. the second is the logical result of the first.D. both present Richard’s virtues and faults.TEXT DThe miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousandshave lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It's the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security-even comfort- for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that beganin the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days- lack of food warmth, shelter- would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility- in some cases the promise- of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of. The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended it’sno-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline.Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend a affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to define contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the401(k). the significance of the 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person's economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how itgets invested- the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth when the employee retires. Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees' 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee's 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company's problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron's 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn't prudent, but it's what some of them did.The Enron employees' retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That's why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift toI’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won't be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they're on their own26. Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history...”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.27. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people's outlook on life.B. people's life styles.C. people's living standardD. people's social values.28. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offs.B. the government cuts in welfare spending.C. the economic restructuring.D. the warning power of labors unions.29. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron's offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.30. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people's mind.D. Economic security won't be taken for granted by future young workers.阅读理解答案：11-15 CADBA 16-20 BACCD 21-25 DDDBA 26-30 DABBD2008年TEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joons life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, its time to hit the books again—at one of Seouls many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. Its a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Koreas education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. Thats because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This years 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didnt worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating he standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Koreas public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the countrys high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools. Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most.Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. Theyve asked for more discretion in pickingstudents by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesnt like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the countrys 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch melodramatic, but thats the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the governments egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishmans dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days hes the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones.“But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britains burgeoning farmers markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the。

2007年英语专八试卷真题及答案Part2 Reading Comprehension (30min)Text AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard ofliving.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symb ol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations. √D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separat ist.√B. Conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people’s desire for devolution.B. locals’ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.√14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.√C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people’s mentality. √B. pop culture.C. town’s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Text BGetting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.s voted in favour and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks- too late for women to register for June’s municipal elections. The next s uch elections aren’t until 2009. Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women’s political rights for years. Ironically, the democraticall y elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. “When I came to Parliament today, people who voted yes didn’t even shake hands with me,” said one Shia clerc. “Why can’t we respect each other and work together?”Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don’t insult their emir, naturally) and boas t a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical andengineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK’s Arabic edition, som e Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party’s entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world’s answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn’t dance for us, alas, since shaking one’s body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn’t stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture. You’d think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait’s younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls-Kuwait’s archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duckStrict parents and the social taboos of dating in public. young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service .At Pizza Hut, I thought I’d got an answer after encountering a young woman who loo ked every inch the modern suffragette—drainpipe jeans,strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple rhinestones. But, no, Miriam Al-Enizi, 20,studying business administration at Kuwait University, doesn’t think women need the vote.” Me n are better at politics than women,”she explained, adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need. Welcome to democracy, Kuwait style.16. According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?A. Foreign tourists.B. Women protestors.√C. Foreign journalists.D. Members of the National Assembly.17. The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass becauseA. Different interest groups held different concerns.√B.Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.C. Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.D.Parliament members were all conservatives.18. What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.C. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.√D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.19. Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?A. They seem to be quite contented.B. They go in for Western fashions.C. They desire more than modern necessities.√D. They favour the use of hi-tech products.Text CRichard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creatureand embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard's contemporaries called him" Coeur de Lion"(The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He reioiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the jouthey to the East,Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier’s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconiled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland andother heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.The archer was flayed alive.20 “ little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph one) means that the EnglishA. paid few taxes to him.B. gave him little respect.C. received little protection from him.D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him.√21. To say that his wife was a “ magnificent parade’( paragraph Tw o) implies that it was to some extent.A . spent chiefly at war. B. impressive and admirable.C. lived too pompouslyD. an empty show.√22. Richard’s behaviour as death approached showed.\A. bravery and self-control.B. Wisdom and correctnessC. Devotion a nd romanceD. Chivalry and charity√23. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard wasA. cheated by his own successorsB. determined to take revenge on his enemies.C. more generous to his enemies than his seccesors.D unable to influence the be havior of his successors.√24. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?A. An aggressive king, too fond of war.B. A brave king with minor faults.√C. A competent but cunning soldier.D. A kind with great political skills.25. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is thatA. each presents one side of the picture. √B. the first generalizes the second gives examples.C. the second is the logical result of the first.D. both present Richard’s virtues and fault s.TEXT DThe miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.? The promise was assured economic security-even comfort- for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days- lack of food warmth, shelter- would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility- in some cases the promise- of lifetime employmentplus guaranteed pensions.? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For mi llennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, Ultimately I’ll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended it’s no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend a affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance ofThe 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested- the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth wh en the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. E nron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all.At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock wasfalling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’’ re tirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re o n their own26. why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.√27. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.√B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.28. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offs.B. the government cuts in welfare spending.√C. the economic restructuring.D. the warning power of labors unions.29. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.√C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.30. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.√PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPTA. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the Jutes √D. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented byA. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general √33. The Declaration of Independence was written byA. Thomas Jefferson √B. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia wereA. the Red IndiansB. the EskimoC. the Ab origines √D. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights √36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. Irish √D. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written byA. Arthur Miller √B. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. Morphology √C. Semant icsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPTA. LexicalB. SyntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic √40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example ofA.widening of meaning √B. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning英译中Good bye and good luck Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, fatster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹.与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命，也危害到该星球的寿命。

07-08年高三英语测试卷 (4)英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. said A. may B. day C. says D. pay2. meat A. dead B. already C. leave D. heavy3. wolf A. woman B. come C. some D. none4. g reat A. lar g e B. a g e C. G erman D. g round5. bath A. bathe B. breath C. breathe D. worthy第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

6. If I drive in this city myself, I’ll probably get lost as I haven’t gotvery good sense of direction.A. the; aB. the; /C. a; theD. a; /7. ---Why didn’t you tell Ann the truth?--- .A. Yes, I was afraid to be scolded.B. No, but I wanted toC. But I didD. I always hate telling lies.8. I can’t give my son the leading position. , he’s too young; secondly, I want Mr. Smith to have the job.A. After allB. For exampleC. In the endD. To beginwith9. ---Look! Someone has spilt coffee on the carpet.---Well, it me.A. isn’tB. wasn’tC. hasn’t beenD. hadn’t been10. Sandy could do nothing but to his teacher that she waswrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit11. If you want to know the train schedule, please at thebooking office.A. acquireB. inquireC. requestD. require12. ---How did you sleep last night?---Like a log. Never slept .A. badB. worseC. wellD. better13. ---She should not have done that sort of thing.---Whatever she did was reasonable, to what you had done.Besides, It’s none of your business. Get down to your lessons.A. compared; doingB. comparing; doingC. compared; doD. comparing; do14. Last winter, I spent with my family, was the most excitingtime I had ever had.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. in which15. I promised to go to the party with Jane and I can’t her .A. let; downB. do; upC. round; upD. set; down16. The family were so pleased when the long—lost jewels .A. was come to lightB. went to lightC. was gone to lightD. came to light17. ---Was it what he said or something that he did made youcry so sadly, Sarah?---No, not really.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. what18. ---Did you remember to give Jenny the money?---Yes. I saw her, I’m sure.A. As far asB. So far asC. The momentD. Any time19. The trees in that thick forest are so close together that there is hardlyany room to move them.A. amongB. betweenC. acrossD. in20. ---Tom must have lost his way, for he isn’t arrived yet.---No, he his way. He has got a map with him.A. can’t have lostB. can’t be lostC. must not have lostD. shouldn’t have lost第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）School was over and I was both mentally and physically tired. I sat the very front of the 21 because of my anxiety to get home. Sitting at the front makes you 22 out like a shiny coin in a pile of dull pennies.Janie, the driver, tries to break the 23 atmosphere by striking the match of conversation. I try to mind my manners and 24 listen, but usually I am too busy thinking about my day. On this day, 25 , her conversation was worth listening to.“My father’s sick,” she said to no one in 26 . I could see the 27 and fear in her eyes. With a sudden change of attitude and interest, I asked, “What’s wrong with him?”With her eyes wet and her voice tight from 28 the tears, she responded, “Heart trouble,” her eyes lowered as she 29 , “I’ve a lready lost my mum, so I don’t think I can stand losing him.”I couldn’t respond. I was 30 . My heart 31 for her. I sat on the old, smelly seat thinking of the great 32 my own mother was thrown into when her father died. I saw how hard it was, and still is, for her. I wouldn’t like anyone to go 33 that. Suddenly I realized Janie wasn’t 34 a bus driver. That was just her job. She had a whole world of familyand concerns too. I had never thought of her as 35 but a driver.I suddenly felt very 36 . I realized I had only thought of people as37 as what their purposes were in my life. I paid no attention to Janie because she was a bus driver. I had judged her by her job and brushed her off as 38 .For all I know, I’m just another person in 39 el se’s world, and may not even be important. I 40 not have been so selfish and self-centered. Everyone has places to go, people to see and appointments to keep. Understanding people is an art.21. A. bus B. train C. plane D. classroom22. A. find B. make C. think D. stand23. A. unpopular B. uncomfortable C. unusual D. unforgettable24. A. politely B. devotedly C. carelessly D. sincerely25. A. however B. therefore C. thus D. otherwise26. A. surprise B. common C. silence D. particular27. A. anxiety B. curiosity C. decision D. attempt28. A. fighting B. avoiding C. clearing D. keeping29. A. told B. lasted C. repeated D. continued30. A. for sure B. at ease C. in shock D. in danger31. A. loved B. ached C. beat D. broke32. A. mercy B. pain C. pity D. disappointment33. A. over B. round C. through D. without34. A. ever B. at all C. even D. only35. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything36. A. sad B. embarrassed C. selfish D. worried37. A. far B. long C. much D. well38. A. unfit B. unselfish C. unnecessary D. unimportant39. A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. no one40. A. must B. may C. can D. should第二部分阅读理解（共15小题。

2007年英语专业八级真题答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. Y ou will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. while listening, take notes on the important points. Y our notes will not be marked, but yon will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. when the lecture is over, yon will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.题1 - 10[原文]Good morning, today's lecture, is the very first of a series of lectures on art history, so I'd like to spend some time discussing with you the following topic: Why do we need to study art history? And what can we learn from it?First of all, I'd say, if you study art history, this might be a good way to learn more about a culture, than it's possible to learn in general history classes. Y ou know, most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war, but art history focuses on much more than this. Because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also their religious beliefs, emotions etc. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art, like what people did for a living, what kind of dress they wore, what ceremonies they held etc. In short, art can express the essential qualities of a time and a place, and the study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books and enables us to learn more things about human society and civilization.The second point I'd like to make is about the type of information. In history books, information is objective, that is facts about political economic life of a country are given, b ut opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective. It reflects personal emotions and opinions. For example, Francisco Goya was a great Spanish painter and also perhaps the first truly political artist. In his famous painting, The Third of May 1808, he showed soldiers shooting a group of simple people. His description of soldiers and their victims has become a symbol of the enormous power or the misuse of this power that the government can have over its people. Over 100 years later, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Mexican artists depicted their deep anger and sadness about social problems. In summary, through art you can find a personal and emotional view of history.Thirdly, art can reflect a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that showed people and stories from the Bible. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is), its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that these images are unholy. Thus, on palaces, mosques and other buildings, Islamic artists have created unique decoration of great beauty with images of flowers of geometric forms, for example, circles, squares and triangles. The same is true of other places, like Africa and Pacific Islands. Art also reflects the religious beliefs of traditional cultures in these places. As a matter of fact, religion is the purpose for this art and it's, therefore, absolutely essential to it. Traditional art in Africa and Pacific Islands is different from Christian art. Christian art influences people's religious feelings towards God. But the goal of traditio nal art in Africa andvillage there had special ceremonies with songs and dances to make sure that crops, animals and people are healthy and increasing in number. The dancers in the ceremonies wear masks, head dresses and costumes that they believe are necessary to influence gods. SO these masks, head dresses themselves, are revelry part of the art.As we said, art depends on culture, different forms of art result from different cultures. Similarly, the way that people view art also depends on their cultural background. This is my fourth point. For most Europeans and Americans, art is mainly for decoration. It is something on a museum wall or in a glass case. It makes their homes more attractive. People look at it and admire it: "Oh, what a beautiful painting!" Besides, ideas are expressed in this art. This is a wonderful statue, and admiring it, 1 might say: "It makes such a strong antiwar statement." But in other places, art is not considered to be separated from everyday existence. It has a function, it has a practical role to play in people's lives. A person in a tribal society might look at a mask and say: "Oh, this is a good mask. It would keep my house safe." In brief, the way in which people enjoy or appreciate art depends on their culture.To conclude my lecture, we can say that art is a reflection of various cultures. But at the same time, we have to remember that art also reflects the changes in society that take place when different cultures influence one another. As people from tribal societies move to urban areas, their values and beliefs change accordingly and their traditional art forms begin to lose their function. At the same time, urban artists begin to learn a lot from traditional art. For example, African masks and figures had a great influence on Picasso's works. And many American and Canadian artists study the simplicity of Japanese painting. The result is that as the world gets smaller, the art of each culture becomes more international.OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after today's lecture, you'll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know more about huma n history, for example, people's views and opinions about certain historical events, and what's more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of art etc.What Can We Learn from Art?Ⅰ.IntroductionA. Differences between general history and art history--Focus :--general history: (1)--art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.B. Significance of studyMore information and better understanding of human society and civilization.Ⅱ.Types of informationA. Information in hi story book is (2)--facts, but no opinionsB. Information in art history is subjective-- (3) and opinionse.g.--Spanish painters' works: misuse of governmental power--Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problemsⅢ.Art as a reflection of religious beliefsA. Europe: (4) in pictures in churchesB. Middle East: pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques, palacesReason: human and (5) are not seen as holyceremoniesPurpose: to seek the help of (6) to protect crops, animals and people Ⅳ. Perceptions of ArtHow people see art is related to their cultural backgroundA. Europeans and Americans-- (7)--expression of ideasB. People in other places--part of everyday life-- (8) useⅤ. Art as a reflection of social changesA. Cause of changes: (9) of different culturesB. Changes--tribal people: effects of (10) on art forms--European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works--American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting1.economics and war2.objective3.personal emotions4.the Bible5.animal images6.the God7.decoration8.practical9. influence; interaction 10.urbanizationSECTION BIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.题11 - 15[原文]W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. Y ou know, all airports have a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.W: So what seems to be the problem?M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p.m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.M: Certainly. And another problem that's very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers: "We have over sold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next flight out. " If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed reservation and you discover you've been bumped off the flight.W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.M: Well, there are no off-peak times, All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I don't quitebusy. The special fare systems on the airline's computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?M: rd say "Avoid big airports if you can". The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is "Be prepared for delays". Take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.W: Nigel, what kind of mistakes do inexperienced travelers make?M: The first mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Re member, take only carry-on luggage, because at most airports, you can get away with two small bags.W: Oh, I see.M: Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. Y ou should find out about the different ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare.W: Excuse me, what is RTW?M: Round the World. For example, if you're going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore, and come back via North America. And another way to save money is to see if the ticket to a destination beyond it's cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam from London to New Y ork may be cheaper than one straight from London to New Y ork.W: Oh, that's very useful information.M: And another mistake is to go away for too long. Most people's efficiency and energy start to fall off after two weeks away. So my advice is "Keep your trip short", only go for two weeks and never for a longer than three. Another point is "Don't expect everything to go according to plan". Y ou need to learn to expect the unexpected. There may be a typhoon in summer or your taxi may break down on the way to the airport. In other words, don't be optimistic about plans and don't schedule important meetings too closely together. Y ou need to allow time for delays and break-downs.W: Y eah, this is something travelers have to remember when they plan their trips.M: And another thing, get to know a good travel agent and make sure he gives you the best possible service. Take discounts for example, a good travel agent can get first-class ticket for the price of business-class. This is because he does enough volume of business and he can get discounts with airlines on his own behalf. He should pass them on to you. So make sure he indeed does.W: I think the worst part of a trip is having to travel overnight or being stuck for a weekend in some dreadful place. Are there any ways avoiding that?M: Yes. We can break or stop over in a more relaxing or lively place. It's often available at special cheap weekend rate. V arious airlines and hotel chains offer these. And it's always more pleasant to stay a night in a hotel than on a plane even if you travel business-class.W: Y es. OK, thank you, Nigel, for all the useful information and advice.M: Pleasure!11.According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by ________.[A] Unfavorable weather conditions. [B] Airports handling capacity. [C] Inadequate ticketing service. [D] Overbooking.[参考答案] B12.[A] Free ticket. [B] Free phone call [C] Cash reward [D] Seat reservation[参考答案] C13.Why does Nigel suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?[A] Because all flights in and out of there are full. [B] Because the volume of traffic is heavy.[C] Because there are more popular flights. [D] Because there are more delays and cancellations. [参考答案] B14.According to Nigel, inexperience travelers are likely to make the following mistakes except ________.[A] Booking on less popular flights. [B] buying tickets at full price. [C] carrying excessive luggage. [D] planning long business trips.[参考答案] D15.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?[A] The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent's volume of business. [B] Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper. [C] It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance. [D] Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.[参考答案] CSECTION CIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET.题16[原文]The death toll rose to 74 on Tuesday in Japan's deadliest rail crash in decades as crews pulled more victims from the wreckage. Investigators focused on whether excessive speed or the driver's inexperience had caused the train to derail and slam into an apartment building. The 7-car commuter train carrying 580 passengers left the rails Monday morning in Amagasaki, a suburb of Osaka, about 250 miles west of Tokyo, it injured more than 440 people.16.what happened on Monday?[A] A train crash occurred causing minor injuries. [B] Investigator found out the cause of the accident. [C] Crews rescued more passengers from the site. [D] A commuter train crashed into a[参考答案] D[原文]20 of the world's top economies promised to help Iraq lower its debt and to help restart global trade talks after a 2-day meeting in Mexico on Monday. Officials from the group of 20, G20 Nations, also discussed the possibility of sanctioning countries that refused to cooperate in the fight against terrorism. Possible sanctions were not outlined at the meeting. In a declaration released at the end of the meeting, ministers called on World Trade Organization, WTO members, to restart the trade talks that collapsed in Kankoon last month. Nations must quickly reenergize the negotiation process, recognizing that flexibility and political will from all are urgently needed, it said. G20 ministers also talked about the possibility of creating a V oluntary Code of Conduct to govern negotiations between creditors and countries on the verge of defaulting on debt. The code would outline the steps that should be taken to prevent a financial crisis. Created in 1999 to avoid financial disasters and to keep the global economy stable, the G20 is made up of the European Union and 19 other countries including Australia, Brazil, China, Japan and the US.17.Which of the following was not on the agenda of the G20 meeting?[A] Iraq debts [B] WTO talks [C] Financial disasters [D] Possible sanctions[参考答案] C18.The G20 is a(n)________ organization.[A] International [B] European [C] Regional [D] Asian[参考答案] A题19 - 20[原文]The United Nations celebrated the 60th anniversary of its Charter on Monday, the speakers addressing the UN General Assembly. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said the UN had both successes and failures in carrying out the pledges in the Charter. The UN Charter is the constitution of the organization. It was signed in San Francisco on June 26th, 1945 by the 50 original member countries. It took effect on October 24th, 1945 after being improved by the 5 founding members: China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States and the majority of the other countries that signed the Charter. The Charter is a constitution on trading or countries that signed it are bound by its articles. It states that the Charter comes first above all other treaties. Its main purposes include the prevention of new conflict, building peace and protecting human rights and social progress. The most important chapters are these dealing with enforce ment powers of UN bodies. They describe, for example, the Security Council's power to investigate and mediate disputes. They also describe its power to authorize economic, diplomatic and military sanctions asoverhaul the organization, including the Security Council. This could be the most comprehensive UN reform since its foundation。

09 ~ 10 学年第2学期班级___________ 学号_____________ 姓名________________ 考试科目_____________ » 共_ 页 ................................... 密........................ 封........................ 线 ..............................学生答题不得超过此线题号—二三四五总分总分人分数一、Vocabulary and Phrase （15 道小题，每小题 1 分，共15 分）得分评卷人I.Chassis:2.Crankshaft:3.Diesel:4.Clutch:5.Differential Gear:6.Coil Spring:7.BDC:8.Engine Block:9.Camshaft:10.Planet Carrier:II.Drum Brake:12.Dash Panel:13.Steering System:14.Rack-and-Pinion:15.Shock Absorber:、Translate the following sentences into Chinese （11 道小题，每小题 5 分，共55 分）得分评卷人1.An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it.班级 ___________ 学号 _____________ 姓名 _______________ 考试科目汽车专业英语A卷闭卷共5页.................................... 密....................... 封........................ 线................................学生答题不得超过此线2.A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a transmission, a drive shaft,fianl drive and differential gears and driving axles.3.Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistongs and piston rings.4.The connecting rod is made of forged high-strength steel, it transmits force and motion from the piston to the crankpin on the crankshaft・5.The time at which valves open and close ( valve timing ) and the duration of valve openging is stated indegrees of crankshaft rotation..................................... 密........................ 封 ........................ 线 ...............................学生答题不得超过此线6.Some form of cooling must be provided to take away the heat from the cylinder and working parts of an engine, the heat comes from combustion of the fuel and from friction between rubbing parts.7.The system that carries exhaust gasese from the combustion chamber to the rear of the car is called the exhaust syste m.8.The force are produced by the conversion in the IC engine of the chemical energy in liquid fuels into the energy of motion.9.Cars need a device that makes better use of engine power and torque, the transmission is this device.lO.Abraking system consists of an energy-supplying device, acontrol device, a transmission devcie and the brake..................................... 密........................ 封 ........................ 线 ...............................学生答题不得超过此线11.The steering converts the steering-wheel rotary motion into a turn motion of the steered wheels of the vehicle三、Translate the following paragraph into Chinese （3 道小题,每小题10 分,共30 分）得分评卷人1.The automobile engine is an internal combustion engine which converts the heat energy of fuel int3mechanical energy to make the car move. In the internal combustion engine, combustible mixture is compressed and then burned inside the engine cylinders. The burning of air-fuel mixture produces high pressure which forces piston to move downward. The movement is transmitted to the crankshaft by the connecting rod. The crankshaft is made to rotate then班级 ___________ 学号 _____________ 姓名 _______________ 考试科目汽车专业英语A卷闭卷共_ 页.................................... 密........................ 封 ........................ 线.......................学生答题不得超过此线2.A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. Thedesign also allows for storage of luggage or other goods・ A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.3.The ring and pinion gears are used to transfer the engine power from the drive shaft to the rear wheels. In addition totransferring power, the ring and pinion must cause the power to make a 90° turn between the drive shaft and wheels.The ring and pinion must also provide the correct axle ratio. The pinion is the smaller driving gear; the ring is always the larger driven gear.。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2007)-GRADE EIGHT-Time limit:195MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(35MIN) SECTION A Mini-lectureIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the lecture once only.While listening,take notes on the important points.You notes will not be marked,but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task for after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over,you will be given two minutes to check your notes,and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on Answer sheet e the blank sheet for note-tanking.What Can We Learn from Art?I.IntroductionA.Differences between general history and art history—Focus:—general history:(1)_____—art history:political values,emotions,everyday life,etc.B.Significance of studyMore information and better understanding of human society and civilizationII.Types of informationrmation in history books is(2)_____—facts,but no opinionsrmation in art history is subjective—(3)_____and opinionse.g.—Spanish painter's works:misuse of governmental power—Mexican artists'works:attitudes towards social problemsIII.Art as a reflection of religious beliefsA.Europe:(4)_____in pictures in churchesB.Middle East:pictures of flowers and patterns in mosques,palacesReason:human and(5)_____are not seen as holyC.Africa and the Pacific Islands:masks,headdresses and costumes in special ceremoniesPurpose:to seek the help of(6)_____to protect crops,animals and people.IV.Perceptions of ArtHow people see art is related to their cultural background.A.Europeans and Americans—(7)_____—expression of ideasB.People in other places—part of everyday life—(8)_____useV.Art as a reflection of social changesA.Cause of changes:(9)_____of different cultures.B.Changes—tribal people:effects of(10)_____on art forms—European artists:influence of African traditional art in their works—American and Canadian artists:study of Japanese paintingSECTION B interviewIn this section you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.Questions1to5are based on an interview.At the end of the interview you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the following five questions.Now listen to the interview1.According to Nigel,most problems of air travel are caused by________.A.Unfavorable weather conditions.B.Airports handling capacity.C.Inadequate ticketing service.D.Overbooking.2.Which of the following is not mentioned as compensation for volunteers for thenext fight out?A.Free ticket.B.Free phone call.C.Cash reward.D.Seat reservation.3.Why does Niget suggest that business travelers avoid big airports?A.Because all flights in and out of there are full.B.Because the volume of traffic is heavy.C.Because there are more popular flights.D.Because there are more delays and cancellations.4.According to Nigel,inexperience travelers are likely to make the followingmistakes EXCEPTA.Booking on less popular flights.B.buying tickets at full priceC.carrying excessive luggageD.planning long business trips5.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.The possibility of discounts depends on a travel agent's volume of business.B.Longer flights to the same destination maybe cheaper.C.It is advisable to plan every detail of a trip in advance.D.Arranging for stopovers can avoid overnight travel.SECTION C NEWS BROACASTIn this section you will hear everything once only.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question6is based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given10seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6.What happened on Monday?A.A train crash occurred causing minor injuries.B.Investigator found out the cause of the accident.C.Crews rescued more passengers from the site.D.A commuter train crashed into a building.Question7and8are based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given20seconds to answer the questions.6.Which of the following was not on the agenda of the G20meeting?A.Iraq debts.B.WTO talks.C.Financial disasters.D.Possible sanctions.8.The G20is a(n)________organization.A.International.B.European.C.Regional.n.Question9and10are based on the following news.At the end of the news item,you will be given20seconds to answer the questions9.The UN Charter went into effect after________.A.It was signed by the50original member countries.B.It was approved by the founders and other member countries.C.It was approved by the founding members.D.It was signed by the founding members.10.Which of the following best describe the role of the charter?A.The Charter only describes powers of the UN bodies.B.The Charter mainly aims to promote world economy.C.The charter is a treaty above all other treaties.D.The charter authorizes reforms in UN bodies.Part II Reading Comprehension(30min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity,but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx.Once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now ernment financing and central planning, however,have helped reverse the decline of Welsh.Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English,and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages.Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe's regional languages,spoken by more than a half-million of the country's three million people.The revival of the language,particularly among young people,is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small,proud st month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly,the first parliament to be convened here since1404.The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom.With most of the people and wealth,England has always had bragging rights.The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,implemented by Tony Blair,was designed to give the other members of the club-Scotland,Northern Ireland,and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution.Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament,the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than25percent.Its powers were proportionately limited.The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent.It cannot,unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh,enact laws. But now that it is here,the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly.Many people would like it to have more powers.Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in2003,of a new debating chamber,one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty.Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe-only Spain,Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women,boosting self-esteem.To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and RichardBurton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones,the movie star,and Bryn Terfel,the opera singer.Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.And Wales now boasts a national airline.Awyr Cymru.Cymru,which means"land of compatriots,"is the Welsh name for Wales.The red dragon,the nation's symbol since the time of King Arthur,is everywhere-on T-shirts,rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers."Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,"said Dyfan Jones,an18-year-old student.It was a warm summer night,and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south,outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,Wales's annual cultural festival.The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands."There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,"Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe,Dyfan,like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago."We used to think.We can't do anything,we're only Welsh.Now I think that's changing."11.According to the passage,devolution was mainly meant to________.A.maintain the present status among the nationsB.reduce legislative powers of EnglandC.create a better state of equality among the nationsD.grant more say to all the nations in the union12.The word"centrifugal"in the second paragraph means________.A.separatistB.conventionalC.feudalD.political13.Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA.people's desire for devolutionB.locals'turnout for the votingC.powers of the legislative bodyD.status of the national language14.Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welshnational identity________.A.Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B.Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.C.A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D.The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15.According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is________.A.people's mentalityB.pop cultureC.town's appearanceD.possibilities for the peopleTEXT BGetting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy.Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID,I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week.Unscanned,unsearched,my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox.The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot,I would have been a clearer and more present danger.That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote;29M. P.s voted in favour and29against,with two abstentions.Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not,the government scheduled another vote in two weeks-too late for women to register for June's municipal elections.The next such elections aren't until2009.Inside the elegant,marbled Parliament itself,a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats,debating furiously.The ruling emir has pushed for women's political rights for years.Ironically,the democratically elected legislature has thwarted him.Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed.Liberals fret,too,that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote,swelling conservative ranks."When I came to Parliament today,people who voted yes didn't even shake hands with me," said one Shia clerc."Why can't we respect each other and work together?"Why not indeed?By Gulf standards,Kuwait is a democratic superstar.Its citizens enjoy free speech(as long as they don't insult their emir,naturally)and boast a Parliament that can actually pass laws.Unlike their Saudi sisters,Kuwaiti women drive,work and travel freely.They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors.Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical and engineering courses.Even then,70percent of university students are females.In Kuwait,the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent.At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK's Arabic edition,some Kuwaiti women wore them.Others opted for tight,spangled,sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange.For the party's entertainment,Nancy Ajram,the Arab world's answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress.She couldn't dance for us,alas, since shaking one's body onstage is illegal in Kuwait.That didn't stop whole tables ofmen from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture.You'd think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait's younger generation of women.To find out,I headed to the malls-Kuwait's archipelago of civic freedom.Eager to duckStrict parents and the social taboos of dating in public.young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes,beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall,I found only tables of men,puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service.At Pizza Hut,I thought I'd got an answer after encountering a young woman who looked every inch the modern suffragette–drainpipe jeans,strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple rhinestones.But,no,Miriam Al-Enizi,20,studying business administration at Kuwait University,doesn't think women need the vote."Men are better at politics than women,"she explained,adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need.Welcome to democracy,Kuwait style.16.According to the passage,which of the following groups of people might beviewed as being dangerous by the guards?A.Foreign tourists.B.Women protestors.C.Foreign journalists.D.Members of the National Assembly.17.The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass because________.A.Different interest groups held different concerns.B.Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.C.Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.D.Parliament members were all conservatives.18.What is the role of the4th and5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?A.To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B.To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.C.To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.D.To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.19.Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?A.They seem to be quite contented.B.They go in for Western fashions.C.They desire more than modern necessities.D.They favour the use of hi-tech products.TEXT CRichard,King of England from1189to1199,with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould,is one of the most fascinating medieval figures.He has been described as the creature and embodiment of the age of chivalry,In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry,and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute.When Richard's contemporaries called him"Coeur de Lion" (The Lion heart),they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts.Little did the English people owe him for his services,and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years'reign;yet his memory has always English hearts,and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man.In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone.He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew,and mostdexterous in arms.He rejoiced in personal combat,and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war,not so much for the sake of glory or political ends,but as other men love science or poetry,for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory.By this his whole temperament was toned;and united with the highest qualities of the military commander,love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man of blood and violence,Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel.He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion;in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution;in political a child,lacking in subtlety and experience.His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes;his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose.The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude.When,on the journey to the East,Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished,faithless ally,Philip Augustus,fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes.The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won.His life was one magnificent parade,which,when ended,left only an empty plain.In1199,when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height,good news was brought to King Richard.It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz,on the lands of one of his French vassals,a treasure of wonderful quality;a group of golden images of an emperor,his wife,sons and daughters,seated round a table,also of gold,had been unearthed.The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount.The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand,and the King laid siege to his small,weak castle.On the third day,as he rode daringly,near the wall. confident in his hard-tried luck,a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck.The wound,already deep,was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head.Gangrene set in,and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier's debt.He prepared for death with fortitude and calm,and in accordance with the principles he had followed.He arranged his affairs,he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity.He declared John to be his heir,and made all present swear fealty to him.He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt,and who was now a prisoner,to be brought before him.He pardoned him,and made him a gift of money.For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconciled to Philip,but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety,and died in the forty-second year of his age on April6,1199,worthy,by the consent of all men,to sit with King Arthur and Roland and other heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table,which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.The archer was flayed alive.20."little did the English people own him for his service"(paragraph one)meansthat the English________.A.paid few taxes to himB.gave him little respectC.received little protection from himD.had no real cause to feel grateful to him21.To say that his wife was a"magnificent parade"(paragraph Two)implies that itwas to some extent.A.spent chiefly at warB.impressive and admirableC.lived too pompouslyD.an empty show22.Richard's behaviour as death approached showed.\A.bravery and self-controlB.Wisdom and correctness.C.Devotion and romance.D.Chivalry and charity.23.The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was________.A.cheated by his own successorsB.determined to take revenge on his enemiesC.more generous to his enemies than his successorsD.unable to influence the behavior of his successors24.Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?A.An aggressive king,too fond of war.B.A brave king with minor faults.C.A competent but cunning soldier.D.A kind with great political skills.25.The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is that________.A.each presents one side of the pictureB.the first generalizes the second gives examplesC.the second is the logical result of the firstD.both present Richard's virtues and faultsTEXT DThe miserable fate of Enron's employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble:thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock.But making sure it never happens again may not be possible,because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems.It's the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the20th century.The promise was assured economic security-even comfort-for essentially everyone in the developed world.With the explosion of wealth,that began in the19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before.The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days-lack of food warmth, shelter-would at last lose its power to terrify.That remarkable promise became reality in many ernments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly(Social Security in the U.S.).Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees.Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility-in some cases the promise-of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions.?The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself,a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history.For millennia the average person's stance toward providing for himself had been.Ultimately I'm on my own.Now it became,Ultimately I'll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s.U.S.business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively,with huge Layoffs.The trend accelerated in the1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality.IBM ended it's no-layoff policy.AT&T fired thousands,many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible,and a few of whom killed themselves.The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in bour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades.President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare.Americans realized that Social Security won't provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend a affected pensions.To make costs easier to control,companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans,which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future,to defined contribution plans,which specify only how much goes into the play today.The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the401(k).the significance of the401(k)is that itputs most of the responsibility for a person's economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested-the two factors that will determine how much it's worth when the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron?Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees'401(k)accounts.That is,the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it.Enron matched a certain proportion of each employee's401(k)contribution with company stock,so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio;but that could be regarded as a freebie,since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all.At least two special features complicate the Enron case.First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company's problems,prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.Second, Enron's401(k)accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October,when the stock was falling,so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock.Many had placed100%of their401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the18other investment options they were offered.Of course that wasn't prudent,but it's what some of them did.The Enron employees''retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security.That's why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible.The huge attitudinal shift to I'll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation.The shift back may take just as long.It won't be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a20th-century quirk,and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that,like most people in most times and places,they're on their own26.Why does the author say at the beginning"The miserable fate of Enron'semployees will be a landmark in business history…"?A.Because the company has gone bankrupt.B.Because such events would never happen again.C.Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D.Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.27.According to the passage,the combined efforts by governments,layout unionsand big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in________.A.people's outlook on lifeB.people's life stylesC.people's living standardD.people's social values28.Changes in pension schemes were also part of________.A.the corporate lay-offsB.the government cuts in welfare spendingC.the economic restructuringD.the warning power of labors unions29.Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainlybecause________.A.the401(k)made them responsible for their own futureB.Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.C.their employers intended to cut back on pension spendingD.Enron's offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.30.Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A.401(k)assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B.Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C.Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people's mind.D.Economic security won't be taken for granted by future young workers. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10MIN)31.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all thefollowing tribes respectively EXCEPTA.the AnglosB.the CeltsC.the JutesD.the Saxons32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by________.A.the MonarchB.the PresidentC.the Prime MinisterD.the Governor-general33.The Declaration of Independence was written by________.A.Thomas Jefferson.B.George Washington.C.Alexander Hamilton.D.James Madison.34.The original inhabitants of Australia were________.A.the Red IndiansB.the EskimosC.the AboriginesD.the Maoris35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A.Oliver Twist.B.Middlemarch.C.Jane Eyre.D.Wuthering Heights.36.William Butler Yeats was a(n)________poet and playwright.A.American.B.Canadian.C.Irish.D.Australian.37.Death of a Salesman was written by________.A.Arthur Miller.B.Ernest Hemingway.C.Ralph Ellison.D.James Baldwin.38.________refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules ofword formation.A.Phonology.B.Morphology.。

改错题： From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements about how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest （1） and→or records of ancient languages show us language in a new and （2） show→showing emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language （3） the 删除 originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the （4） and→but necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with a large proportion of such cries　（5） large→lager than we find in English. It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in　（6） in→on other grounds too the theory is not very attractive. People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that　（7） return→response such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference　（8）on 删除 between these noises and language proper. We may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to∧large extent, （9）∧a whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are　（10） these→those。