高二下学期开学考试卷

四川省绵阳中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、阅读理解Walled Cities Of The WorldThere are numerous historical walled cities across the world, whose walls date back several centuries. These walls were fortification (碉堡), a necessity throughout medieval eras for defense. They have been preserved as historical monuments and popular tourist attractions in the modern time.York, EnglandThe city of York is a medieval city situated in the north of England. Historically, the city was ruled by the Romans, Angles, and the Vikings before being incorporated as part of the Kingdom of England in 954. Located in the city are walls built in 71 AD which have been restored and extended with time.Xi’an, ChinaThe city of Xian is one of the oldest cities in China. It prospered economically as the eastern last station of the Silk Road. The existing walls were originally built in 770 BC and reconstructed in the 14th century under the Ming Dynasty. The walls are well preserved and are a major tourist attraction in the city.Quebec City, CanadaQuebec City was a colonial (殖民地的) town which was fortified by the settling Europeans. The walls began to be built in 1608 under both British and French regimes (政权).A fort was constructed by the British as an additional defensive measure and remains undamaged to date. The city’s fortifications were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.Mexico City, MexicoHistorically, the City of Mexico gained importance as the Aztec Capital. The Spanish then drove out the Aztecs and rebuilt it as the Spanish Capital. The walls protecting the city were built in 1521. Mexico City is also home to numerous colonial-era buildings which together with the walls are major tourist attractions in the city.1．Which city has walls of the longest history?A. York, England.B. Xi’an, China.C. Quebec City, Canada.D. Mexico City, Mexico.2．What do Quebec city and Mexico city have in common?A. They were once colonies of other countries.B. They were once the capital of the Aztec empire.C. Their walls were once built under British regime.D. Their walls were once damaged after construction.3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear?A. Culture.B. Entertainment.C. Science.D. SocietyA 16-year-old girl from Changsha, Hunan province, successfully reached the top of Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, on Monday morning, becoming the youngest Chinese female to conquer the world’s highest top from the southern slope (坡).Xu Zhuoyuan is a first year high school student from Hunan province. On April 15, she left Changsha for Nepal. On April 21, she began her long walk from Lukla. 7 days later, she arrived at the base camp and started her altitude adaptation training at once. At 10 pm Beijing time on May 14, Xu Started walking from Camp 4 at an altitude of 7,950 meters on the southern slope of Qomolangma. After a punishing 10-hour climb, she successfully reached the summit.Xu Zhuoyuan’s father, Xu Jianglei, was the first person fro m Hunan province to reach the top of Qomolangma. Xu Zhuoyuan has been exploring remote areas with him since she was very young. Despite her young age, Xu Zhuoyuan has already climbed five mountains over 5,000 meters in China. When she was 12 years old, she made a statement on Hunan TV saying, “I will climb Qomolangma.”Four years later, she achieved her promise. Although Xu Zhuoyuan has rich climbing experience, she has been experiencing high-intensity professional training non-stop to conquer Qomolangma. Last year, she climbed Mount Muztagata, which stands 7,546 meters. “Human beings are small in the face of nature. We should respect nature and get closer to Qomolangma,” said Xu Zhuoyuan.She brought the gloves her father used when he reached the top with her as a form of inheritance and to bear witness to her own dream coming true. After finishing her university studies, she hopes to continue climbing and achieve the “7+2” (7 tops plus the North and South Poles).4．When did Xu Zhuoyuan arrive at the base camp?A. On April 15.B. On April 21.C. On April 28.D. On May 14.5．Which words can best describe Xu Zhuoyuan?A. Honest and sincere.B. Clever and smart.C. Caring and devoted.D. Determined and brave.6．Why was Xu Jianglei mentioned in paragraph 3?A. To describe his achievements.B. To show his impact on his daughter.C. To recognize his support for the girl.D. To stress girls should be taken good care of.7．What message does the text want to convey?A. It’s better to be famous when you are young.B. Qomolangma draws more and more people.C. Great determination helps to conquer higher goals.D. A great father is needed to shock the whole world.New Deal Design, one of the world’s leading tech design studios, has invented an artificial intelligence-quipped toy to fight the “distraction economy”by developing children’s attention spans.Called Spot, the toy is aimed at learning and discovery. It functions primarily as a handheld scanner that kids can point at an object around them, such as a flower or a bird, to hear it talk back. Using its AI software, Spot recognizes the object and voices a little monologue (独白) from it, processing information to suit children aged five to nine.There’s also a secondary function that comes into play at bedtime, when Spot uses its in-built projecto (投影仪) to present a story made up around the day’s discoveries.Spot is a concept at this stage, one that grew, out of the research New Deal Design conducted into children’s development. The designers found that the right kind of toy could encourage focus, as opposed to instant satisfaction. They wanted to cultivate a kind of junior-level mindfulness that would set kids up with positive life skills.In terms of appearance, Spot has a complicated look, with its 3D camera fixed in the head. The models are smooth, including a wooden handle, a button and a base. The choice of materials was inspired by traditional kids’ building blocks.When Spot recognizes an object, it blinks to signal it has locked the target. Its head also locks into place to avoid any shaking. As an example, New Deal Design describes a girl called Max, who among other things, encounters a robin while out with the toy. Via Spot, the bird says, “Hi Max, my name is Robin! Did you know…”At that night’s Story Time, Spot starts “Once upon a time there was a little girl namedMax who met a robin. One day, Max asked the robin…”New Deal Design says that day summaries like this helps kids to relax and get better sleep. Seeing themselves at the centre of stories also helps to build self-confidence and self-awareness.8．In which aspect do children benefit from this artificial intelligence-equipped toy?A. Encouraging focus.B. Giving an instant satisfaction.C. Learning self-control.D. Cultivating junoir-level ability. 9．According to the passage, which statement about Spot is right?A. Spot’s monologues are age-specific.B. Spot tells stories programmed in advance.C. Spot has already been used to fight the “distraction economy”.D. Spot’s appearance was inspired by traditional kids’ building blocks.10．According to the text, who will the toy be useful for?A. Tom, two years old, can’t recognize an object around him.B. Max, eight years old, wants to make up a story about robin.C. Tina, nine years old, can’t concentrate her atte ntion on her class.D. Mike, twelve years old, wants to learn something about artificial intelligence.11．What is the text mainly about?A. A scientific invention.B. A learning program.C. An creative method.D. A tech design studios.It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware t hat the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite as appealing as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself.But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series ofexperiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for ju st a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.12．What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph?A. They can make a difference in marketing.B. They hardly affect people’s food choices.C. They are unlikely to fool wise customers.D. They finally decrease people’s purchase desire.13．What does the second paragraph basically serve as?A. An argument.B. An example.C. A comparison.D. A comment. 14．Which statement will Biswas probably agree with?A. The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from.B. The senses of taste and smell are closely linked.C. The influence of food smells changes over time.D. The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it.15．Which of the following could the best title for the text?A. Train Your Brain to Resist Junk FoodB. Watch Out for Tricky Marketing ToolsC. Food Addiction Is Never About WillpowerD. Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It二、七选五16．Yes, trying new things is exciting and mind-expanding and all that, but it can also be awkward and embarrassing. No one likes to feel embarrassed and incompetent. ①Here are a few ways to feel a little better about launching yourself into a new experience—and help you get over the part of that initial misery to the part where it’s actually fun.First, we should know we’re born to be afraid of new experiences. From an evolutionary standpoint, trying new things, for much of human history, could have been dangerous. Thismeans that deep in our brains there’s a primeval (原始的) fear of looking bad, a fear of not performing as well as others. ②It’s part of being human. Enjoyment will come as the newness fades.Going in with the right mindset is also important. It’s go od to have an end goal in mind.③ Maybe your new hobby is marathons, for example; running one in under four hours isa goal, sure, but getting in shape and meeting other runners are worthy outcomes, too.④Whatever you’re trying, doing a little preparation work beforehand can make your first time a lot less frightening. Want to try your hand at baking? Before you actually bust out the kitchen equipment, maybe watch a few tutorials and take a few minutes to look up all the terms you don’t know. Taking up golf? ⑤ A baseline of knowledge will help you feel a little better the first time you try swinging a club.A. And it is wise to prepare before you start.B. Having an end goal will guide you through.C. Practice playing golf beforehand is a good choice.D. However, it helps to start with a beginner-friendly one.E. It’s fine to read a book on the sport before you head to the golf course.F. Unfortunately, it is unavoidable if beginners want to learn something new.G. In other words, not lovin g it right away isn’t a sign that you’ve made a mistake.三、完形填空（15空）Milo is a dog, adopted by 20-year-old Makayla Swift from an animal shelter. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, andnext door, Swift on his tail. “He started scratching (抓) the front door,”Swift says. “I’maway, she could hear a voice yelling “help” coming through an open upstairs window. Hoursthe letter carrier in the afternoon and scream. For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling:Starr the instant Swift opened her own front door. Swift called 911. Rescuers thought they’d17．A. ran B. walked C. leaned D. wandered18．A. anxious B. terrified C. embarrassed D. excited19．A. setting off B. turning over C. keeping off D. breaking into20．A. adorable B. strange C. angry D. reliable21．A. later B. earlier C. on D. away22．A. jumped B. hesitated C. slipped D. swept23．A. lost B. tired C. stuck D. secured24．A. bet B. interaction C. result D. prediction25．A. loud B. faint C. special D. distinct26．A. if B. though C. as D. unless27．A. ultimately B. quietly C. gradually D. accurately28．A. edge B. detect C. remove D. observe29．A. took B. favored C. obeyed D. declined30．A. barrier B. passion C. suffering D. pressure31．A. blessing B. danger C. bother D. pleasure四、短文填空32．Three years after skyrocketing to worldwide ①__________ (recognize) with her first directorial film Hi, Mom, director-actress Jia Ling has returned to the ②__________ (fierce) competitive Spring Festival silver screen with her second directorial feature, YOLO (You Only Live Once).Although the film has set off ③__________ online controversy due to Jia’s significant weight loss and muscle gain, she once explained on her Weibo account: “The film is not related to weight loss ④__________ even has very little connection with boxing. It ⑤__________ (tell) how a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself.”The film features Jia ⑥__________ a self-enclosed woman who leads a directionless life. After a family conflict shatters her self-esteem, she decides to leave home ⑦__________she lives with her parents and her divorced younger sister.From then on, the heroine grapples with a challenging life, ⑧__________ (work) at a small restaurant. Her unexpected encounter with Hao Kun, a boxing coach, ⑨__________ (play) by Lei Jiayin, brings a glimmer of hope into her dull existence.However, fate plays another cruel and miserable trick on her, ⑩__________ (far) complicating her journey.五、书面表达33．假定你是李华，你校最近组织高二学生去附近的河岸清理垃圾。

2024学年郑州市高二下学期开学摸底考试语文（答案在最后）考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚；2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效；3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

材料一：1958年3月，茹志鹃在《延河》发表短篇小说《百合花》，以灵妙之笔写残酷的战争题材，讲究铺垫与神韵，讲究留白与象征，与当时流行的英雄书写风格迥异，读来令人内心深受震撼。

茅盾慧眼识金，读后立即为之撰写精彩评论，通篇都是赞语。

《百合花》得以转载于当年《人民文学》第6期，赢得好评如潮，至今仍是脍炙人口的经典佳作。

设若当年没有茅盾的披沙拣金和着意推举，《百合花》销声匿迹于当时的文化语境之中，恐怕是极有可能的。

对好作品的毫无保留的“叫好”，是一种“有力量”的评论。

识人贤否不易，道作品长短亦难。

好的评论家要有扎实的理论功底与出色的理性思辨能力，更要有优异的审美直觉和悟性。

二者兼具，方能对作品的内涵进行精辟阐发，方能对作品的得失作出令人信服的评判，并提出中肯的建议。

刘勰说：“操千曲而后晓声，观千剑而后识器。

”这“操千曲”与“现千剑”，意味着长期不懈地流连于古今中外文学原创经典，孜孜不倦地含英咀华。

应该说，诗乃一切文学之核心。

无垠的想象、极致的抽象、神秘的哲理，最是集中于诗中，真正优秀的文学作品无不是诗性的充分呈现。

我国自古就是诗之王国，天人合一观念始终统摄着文人的世界观和方法论，意象思维从来都是文学创作的看家本事，要加倍增强审美感知能力，必须多读诗，多读诗性之作。

中国古代的诗话，对培养审美眼光尤为得力。

而西方深刻的文艺理论著作，则有助于提升我们的理性思辨能力，深化对文艺作品的理解，并启迪我们找到恰当的研究视角与学术路径。

有生命力的文学评论，建立在真切而深刻的审美感受基础之上，而不可能只是冷冰冰的就事论事，干巴巴的逻辑推理。

2023-2024学年高二下学期开学摸底考试卷（人教版通用）地理一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

2023年10月18日，第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛在北京开幕。

经济全球化背景下，越来越多的中国企业响应国家共建“一带一路”倡议，到国外投资设厂。

我国某小家电用品企业已在全球70多个国家和地区培育市场并出口自主品牌产品。

2020年，该企业在非洲埃塞俄比亚与当地N公司合作成立了海外工厂，以“销地产”模式（在主要销售市场投资建厂，就地生产）谋求更大的市场竞争力。

据此完成下面1-2小题。

1．与独资建设相比，该企业选择与N公司合作办厂的主要目的是（）A．提高产品质量B．加大研发投入C．节约建设投资D．提高管理水平2．与产品出口贸易相比，“销地产”模式的主要优势有（）①降低原料运输费用②及时获取市场信息③避开贸易壁垒④扩大市场范围A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④【答案】1．C 2．C【解析】1．与独资建设相比，该企业与当地公司合作的方式可以节约前期建设投资成本，从而降低生产成本，C正确；我国企业技术水平较高，与当地公司合作，并不能提高产品质量，A错误；合作办厂可利用当地公司基础，并不会加大研发投入，B错误；当地公司管理水平较我国水平低，合作并不能提高我国企业的管理水平，D错误。

故选C。

2．据材料信息可知，“销地产”，模式是指在主要销售市场投资建厂，就地生产的模式，“销地产”模式与产品出口贸易相比，并不会降低当地原料运输费用，而且出口贸易更可能扩大市场需求，①④错误；因“销地产"模式是在当地生产，可以及时获取市场信息并且避开贸易壁垒，将产品与市场直接联系，生产与供应更加高效，②③正确，C正确，排除其它选项。

故选C。

近年来，随着全球气候变暖，我国西北地区一些河流夏季径流量有增大趋势。

下图示意某年新疆境内某条河流的各月径流量占全年径流量的百分比和径流变差系数（反映某地月径流量年际变化幅度）。

大庆实验中学实验二部2022级高(二)下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后面有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. When is Grandpa’s birthdayA. On May 6th.B. On May 7th.C. On May 8th.2. What does the girl advise the man to doA. Look for a job.B. Take classes.C. Stay at home.3. Where will the man go for the holiday probablyA. To London.B. To Toronto.C. To his hometown.4. Where are the speakersA. In an airplane,B. In a boat.C. On the ground.5. What happened to Peter’s bikeA. A tree fell on it.B. Someone stole it.C. It got broken.第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7小题6. Which bus goes to River DriveA. No.16.B. No.14.C. No.6.7. What will the woman ask the bus driverA. Where to change buses.B. The ticket price.C. How to get some change.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9小题8. What did Jane like to do as a childA Make snowballs. B. Go skating. C. Sweep away the snow.9. What’s the weather like todayA. Snowy and cold.B. Cloudy and windy.C. Snowy and warm.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题10. When will the man returnA. On Wednesday.B. On Saturday.C. On Friday.11. How much will the man pay for his journeyA. $ 850.B. $815.C. $425.12. What do we know about the man’s journeyA. Drinking is not allowed.B. A lunch will be served.C. He can enjoy a video program.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16小题13. How long has the woman been in hospitalA. For one week.B. For ten days.C. For two weeks.14. When can the woman leave the hospitalA. In two weeks.B. Tomorrow.C. Uncertain.15. What’s the doctor’s suggestion for the womanA. To have medical checks regularly.B. To take the medicine every day.C. To avoid any physical exercise.16. How soon will the woman get well completelyA. In a few days.B. In a long time.C. As soon as she leaves the hospital.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20小题17. What did Clara do during the Civil WarA. She joined the army.B. She helped the wounded.C. She urged to stop the war.18. What did Clara do after the Civil WarA. She collected money to help the wounded.B. She considered setting up the American Red Cross.C. She led a group to search for missing soldiers.19. When did Clara return from SwitzerlandA. In 1869.B. In 1873.C. In 1881.20. How long did Clara serve as the American Red Cross’s presidentA. Over 20 yearsB. About 12 years.C. Over 4 years.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

2023学年第二学期浙南名校返校联考高二化学学科试题（答案在最后）考生须知：1.本试题卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号。

3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。

5.可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1O —16S —32Fe —56Cu —64选择题部分一、选择题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题3分，共48分）1.下列物质中属于新型无机非金属材料的是（）A.石墨烯B.不锈钢C.普通玻璃D.铝合金2.下列化学用语或说法中正确的是（）A.()3232CH CH CH CH 的名称：3-甲基丁烷B.总共含有4个能级的能层符号：fC.3SO 的VSEPR 模型为：D.在氨水中，3NH 与2H O 分子间的氢键主要形式可表示为：3.下列事实，不能用勒夏特列原理解释的是（）A.乙酸乙酯制备时加入稍过量的乙醇B.2242NO N O (g) 的平衡体系，增大压强，气体颜色加深C.用含氟牙膏刷牙可预防龋齿D.可在浓盐酸中滴入几滴浓硫酸快速制取HCl 气体4.关于反应424222KMnO K MnO MnO O ++↑加热，下列说法正确的是（）A.上述反应中Mn 发生还原反应，氧化产物与还原产物物质的量之比为2:1B.Mn 属于ds 区元素，气态2Mn+比气态2Fe +更难再失去1个电子C.4KMnO 、双氧水、明矾都是生活中常见的消毒剂D.生成标准状况下的22.24L O 时，转移0.4mol 电子5.下列说法正确的是（）A.中和热测定实验中酸碱混合时要迅速，并不断上下搅拌，测定并记录混合液的最高温度B.葡萄糖可发生水解反应生成乙醇和2CO C.可用饱和碳酸钠溶液除去2CO 气体中的2SO 杂质D.可用酸性4KMnO 溶液除去乙烷中的乙烯6.下列说法正确的是（）A.70℃时，纯水的pH 7<，显酸性B.常温下，8mL pH 3=的醋酸溶液中加入8mL pH 11=的NaOH 溶液，混合液pH 7>C.10mL pH a =的HA 溶液加蒸馏水稀释至100mL ，若pH 1a <+，则HA 为弱酸D.等体积等pH 的稀硫酸和醋酸分别与等浓度的KOH 溶液反应至中性，消耗KOH 溶液的体积前者小于后者7.已知A N 是阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法中不正确．．．的是（）A.11.0L 0.1mol L -⋅的2CuCl 溶液中Cl -数目为A0.2N B.常温下1L pH 13=的氢氧化钠溶液中由水电离出的H +的数目为A0.1N C.1L pH 1=的4KHSO 溶液中，硫酸根和氢氧根的总数目为A0.1N D.标准状况下将222.4L Cl 通入足量水中，溶液中Cl -、ClO -、HClO 数目之和小于A2N 8.下列离子方程式正确的是（）A.氯化镁溶液与氨水反应：22Mg2OH Mg(OH)+-+↓B.澄清石灰水与过量碳酸氢钠溶液混合：2233232HCO Ca2OH CaCO 2H O CO -+--++↓++C.FeO 与稀硝酸反应：22FeO 2HFe H O ++++D.硫化钠溶液中加入少量氯化铁溶液：232S2Fe 2Fe S -++++↓9.在2L 密闭容器中通入23mol H 和21mol N ，测得不同温度下，3NH 的产率随时间变化如下图所示。

河南省许平汝名校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试语文考生注意：1．本试卷共150分，考试时间150分钟。

2．请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。

3．本试卷主要考试内容：选择性必修中册。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，18分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

材料一：在《论语集注》的开篇，朱熹辑录了程颐关于读《论语》和《孟子》方法的相关论述，作为《论语序说》和《读论语孟子法》。

在这些文字中，程子谈到的读《论语》的四种境界，亦可被视为读经典的四种境界。

第一种境界：“读了全然无事者”。

读了《论语》之后无动于衷，也一无所获，如同入宝山而空手归。

尽管这部经典曾经打动并影响过无数的读书人，但对于他来说毫无触动，如同根本没有读过。

程子感慨道：“今人不会读书。

如读论语，未读时是此等人，读了后又只是此等人，便是不曾读。

”在他看来，读不懂经典的首要原因在于不晓文义。

程子强调，“凡看文字，须先晓其文义，然后可以求其意。

未有不晓文义而见意者也”。

读经典首先要搞清楚文字表面的含义，进而才能够探求文字背后的精微义理。

倘若读不懂经典的字面意思，也就不可能深入理解古圣先贤的用心。

第二种境界：“读了后，其中得一两句喜者”。

读了《论语》之后，其中有一两句话对自己有所触动，于是会心一笑，甚至窃喜不已。

相对于那些“全然无事者”，能够体会到经典当中若干佳句而心生欢喜，显然已经有所触动，有所收获。

尽管如此，那仍然是头脑层面对经典支离破碎的理解，真正的理解并没有发生。

有弟子曾提问：“且将《论》《孟》紧要处看，如何？”程子答曰：“固是好，但终是不浃洽耳。

”选读固然比不读强，但终究不够圆融贯通。

对于《论语》这样的古代经典，究竟哪些是真正的要点，哪些是真正的精华，普通人通常没有辨别的能力。

因此，通过选读，很难通晓整部经典的深邃义理，也难以体会古圣先贤的“作经之意”。

第三种境界：“读了后，知好之者”。

随着对经典文本的不断熟悉，以及自己生命体验的不断累积，对于经典的妙处将会有更多的理解、更深的体会。

梅河口市第五中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Bristol Old VicWhen the Theatre Royal (now Bristol Old Vic) was built, electricity hadn’t been discovered. For over 250 years the people who have owned, worked inside and visited the theatre have kept records about their activity. These are kept safe at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection, and you’ll discover a range of documents which record the history of the theatre, from its foundation in 1764 up until the present day. Here are some of them. BEGINNINGIn 1764 businessmen Alexander Edgar and Thomas Symons suggested building a new theatre between Baldwin Street and the back of Coopers’ Hall in King Street. The estimated cost was f2, 000 to be split among 40 subscribers, but the building work cost more than expected. Owning shares allowed them to influence decisions about the theatre.SILVER TICKETEach of the original Bristol Old Vic shareholders was given a silver ticket that promised sight of any performance held at the theatre. As the holders were clever businessmen, they insisted that the silver tickets could be loaned or traded. This enabled them to make some extra money but made it extremely difficult for the theatre managers to keep track of who was allowed to see shows for free.250TH BIRTHDAYIn May 2016, the theatre celebrated its 250th birthday! As the oldest continuously-working theatre in the English-speaking world, it deserved a proper party, so Bristol-based Limbic Cinema was hired to create a film of the theatre’s historical highlights which was projected (放映) onto the theatre itself.1．Where can you find the three mentioned documents?A. At Baldwin Street.B. At Coopers’ Hall in King Street.C. At Bristol-based Limbic Cinema.D. At the University of Bristol Theatre Collection.2．How was the theatre’s 250th birthday celebrated?A. By creating a film about its history.B. By building Bristol-based Limbic Cinema.C. By releasing silver ticket in memory of the birthday.D. By making a film projected in theatres across England.3．What’s the purpose of the text?A. To compare the theatre and others.B. To change people’s view on Bristol Old Vic.C. To introduce some information of Bristol Old Vic.D. To recommend a movie related to the theatre.For many runners, a marathon can often be a challenge — but sometimes what gets a runner through the tough 26.2 miles is looking out into the crowd and seeing his or her loved one holding up a sign and shouting words of encouragement. For one mom, though, her loved one was a bit more hands-on.While running the REVEL Big Cottonwood Marathon in Salt Lake City, Courtney Rich, a self-taught baker and mother of two, was beginning to run out of energy just yards from the end when she was suddenly joined by her 10-year-old daughter, Avery.The touching moment, caught on video and posted on social media, shows Avery running to her mother’s side to support her as she approached the end of the race. Rich’s face lit up when Avery joined her and helped her cross the finish line.Rich later said in the video’s caption that being joined by her daughter to finish the race was “a moment I hope neither of us ever forget”. Rich said that her daughter could tell she was struggling after a phone call near the end of the race. “She knew I had struggled the last few miles,” Rich said. “She saw tears in my eyes when I called on mile 24.”In the video, Rich’s facial expression changes from tiredness to a smile after seeing her daughter emerge from the crowd to join her. Then, Rich and her daughter ran hand-in-hand to the finish line. “Nothing could have prepared me for the moment my 10-year-old daughter would jump out of the crowd and run with me to the finish line,” she said. When the race was done, the two hugged each other at the finish line. The video ends with a final caption, “And then she just held me. She held me.”In the past, the REVEL Big Cottonwood Marathon has had other memorable moments of mothers caring for their children, but perhaps not as hands-on as this one.4．What happened to Rich when she was coming to the finish line?A. She fell down all of a sudden.B. She was far behind others.C. She felt herself struggling.D. She was interrupted by Avery.5．How did Avery react to the accident?A. She helped Rich run to the finish line.B. She tried to call for help at once.C. She ran the rest in place of Rich.D. She shouted encouraging words to Rich.6．How did Rich feel about Avery’s response?A. Doubtful.B. Content.C. Concerned.D. Expected.7．What can be the best title for the text?A. A Mother Would Never Give Up On Her Marathon DreamB. A Mother Encouraged Her Daughter To Pursue Her DreamC. A Daughter Got Involved In Her Mother’s Race By MistakeD. A Daughter Cheered For Her Mother By Joining In Her RaceWithin the beautiful scenery of Wisconsin’s Lake Chippewa lies a natural wonder that is a unique challenge for the local community. This hidden wonder is exactly a giant floating island. The island, made up of plants and trees, sometimes floats around the lake, causing a major inconvenience by blocking (阻塞) an important bridge. Later, the local people came up with a solution to this problem. Every year, local boat owners work together and push the island away from the bridge.Lake Chippewa was born in 1923 when a vast bog (沼泽) was changed through flooding. Soon after that, many of the dark bogs started rising to the surface and became perfect growing places for plants, with seeds carried by wind and wild birds to this floating place. Over the years, these bogs have grown plants and trees and turned into full islands. As time goes by, plants take root, and the oldest islands even have trees that act as sails (船帆) when the wind blows, moving the entire floating island around the lake.Although the years-old floating island does not relocate (重新迁移) so often, when it does, it causes trouble for the community by blocking the important bridge that serves as the only passage between the lake’s East and West sides. The only solution is to gather a group of boats, and not just one or two, but dozens of boats working together to push the island away. “It takes a community’s effort, and you must have the winds at your back to push them in,” said a resident. Moving the island also requires precision (精确), as just relocating it a short distance may result in its return within days.Some people have suggested destroying the floating islands to get rid of the problem. However, the big bog in Lake Chippewa has been around for many years, and during thattime a variety of animal and plant species have made it their home. Therefore, local government advises they be dealt with in a way that won’t do harm to wildlife, paying more attention to the fine-drawn balance between human convenience and environmental protection. The annual tradition of relocating Lake Chippewa’s floating island is evidence to the coexistence of man and nature, a heartwarming display of community unity, and a reminder of the importance of preserving the unique areas that enrich our world.8．What does the underlined word “solution” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Building a new bridge.B. Moving the floating island away.C. Transforming the vast bog.D. Rebuilding the local community.9．What can we know from paragraph 2?A. The formation of the floating island.B. The history of flooding in Lake Chippewa.C. The varieties of species in Lake Chippewa.D. The impact of the wind on the floating island.10．Which of the following statements is true about the relocation work from paragraph 3?A. It is usually finished within days.B. It is a must in cooperation and precision.C. It can only be carried out during windless days.D. It greatly disturbs the community residents’ lives.11．Why has the local government refused to destroy the island?A. To save costs for local people.B. To ensure the safety of residents.C. To improve the bond between communities.D. To protect the wildlife species on the island.Like so many other good things in life, sleep is best at a right length. A multi-year study of older adults found that both short and long sleepers experienced greater cognitive (认知的) decline than people who slept a proper amount, even when the effects of early Alzheimer's disease were taken into account.“Our study suggests that there is a middle range, or ‘sweet spot’, for total sleep time where cognitive performance is stable over time. Short and long sleep time is associated with worse cognitive performance,” said first author Brendan Lucey, an associate professor of the Washington University Sleep Medicine Center. “An unanswered question is if we can intervene to improve sleep, would that have a positive effect on their cognitive performanceso they no longer decline? We need more further data to answer this question.”Lucey and colleagues turned to volunteers who participate in Alzheimer's studies through the university's Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Such volunteers experienced annual clinical and cognitive assessments, and provided a blood sample to be tested. For this study, each participant slept with a tiny EEG monitor attached to their heads for four to six nights to measure their brain activities during sleep.The researchers found a U-shaped relationship between sleep and cognitive decline. Overall, cognitive scores declined for the groups that slept less than 4.5 or more than 6.5 hours per night while scores stayed stable for those in the middle of the range.The U-shaped relationship held true for measures of specific sleep phases, including rapid-eye movement (REM), or dreaming sleep and non-REM sleep. Moreover, the same is true even after adjusting for factors that can affect both sleep and cognition, such as age, sex, levels of Alzheimer's proteins. “It was particularly interesting to see that not only those with short amounts of sleep but also those with long amounts of sleep had more cognitive decline,” said Professor Be au M. Ances.“Each person's sleep needs are unique, and people who wake up feeling rested on short or long sleep schedules should not feel forced to change their habits,” said co-senior author David Holtzman, MD. “But those who are not sleeping well should be aware that sleep problems often can be treated.”12．What's the passage mainly about?A. The effects of Alzheimer's disease.B. The benefits of best sleep.C. The influence of sleep time on cognition.D. The good things in life.13．According to the passage, which sleep time is suitable?A. 4 hours.B. 6 hours.C. 7 hours.D. 7. 5 hours.14．What can we know about U-shaped relationship?A. The sleep time has no connection with cognitive scores.B. The longer sleep time is, the higher cognitive scores are.C. Cognition is related to different sleep phases.D. It is not effective when age, sex, and so on are considered.15．What does David Holtzman's words imply?A. Quality of sleep is the key.B. Long time sleepers do not have cognitive decline.C. Short sleep schedules must change their habits.D. Both long time and shot time sleepers have sleep problems.二、七选五16．When gardeners grow varieties of plants in their beautiful gardens, they are happy to see beneficial insects like bees and butterflies surrounding the flowers. But as they take a closer look, they may find some plants are covered in black dots and filled with harmful insects or pests. Some gardeners may immediately reach for chemicals. ①_________ Although it may stop the insect problem, it will also threaten bees and butterflies which help the plants reproduce.If you are wise gardeners, you should first take preventive measures to control the harmful insects. ② _________ Only when there are too many harmful insects, should pest control be considered. The first defense should always be the safest method available. PreventionAs a rule, prevention is the best treatment. Inspect plants closely, including their leaves, before buying them from the store. ③ _________When planting, space plants out to permit them to grow to their full size. Plants too close together can breed harmful organisms, like bacteria.④ _________ They invite pests if permitted to remain on the ground. When you do see pests, wash them away. Use rubbing alcohol to remove some insects, or pick them off the plants.PesticidesIf you decide a pesticide is necessary, choose it carefully and follow the directions and warnings on the product. Avoid using pesticides in extreme heat, on windy days, or when the plants are wet. ⑤ _________ At the time, beneficial insects are inactive. You can consider removing flowers from the plants to lessen the risk that beneficial insects will come in contact with the pesticides.A. But this is not wise.B. In most cases, chemicals don’t help.C. Treat the plants early in the morning or at night.D. Also do remember the plants need nutrition and care.E. Keep your garden free of fallen leaves, fruits and other wastes.F. Do not bring any plants home that show signs of disease or pests.G. The process starts with the idea that having some pests is acceptable.三、完形填空（15空）Margaret Thompson and her husband, Kenneth, stretched their legs together on walking holidays in Switzerland. In Interlaken, they would head up the mountain and watch the paragliders (滑翔伞运动员) 1 themselves into the sky. Back in town, in a large park, they watched them return to the 2 . “Some day I’d love to do that,” Thompson told Kenneth.But there was always so much to do in Interlaken. 3 , Thompson didn’t know if Kenneth would have 4 it. “He was not so keen on heights as I was,” she said. So she 5 to watch the gliders take flight and land.Kenneth died in 2005. Eleven years later, Thompson 6 took to the skies herself, in a paraglider at the age of 80. Although some people get scared while flying, she said she just feels 7 . Thompson did her second paraglide when she turned 85.Thompson asked the organizers about the age 8 for paragliding. They said: “Any age, as long as you’re 9 .” Thompson, now 86, plans her third flight for when she is 90.Thompson 10 living above her parents’ shop in Belfast. At 18, she help ed in the shop while 11 for her music diplomas (文凭) in Stranmillis, south Belfast. She started to 12 piano to local children, and at the height of her teaching she gave 70 13 a week. She still has 15 pupils on her books.Is s he scared of getting older? “Fear? No. People say: ‘Isn’t getting old 14 ?’ I say: ‘No. You are free to do more things that you want to do,’” Thompson said.“People might worry about falling, it being the end of them. But that doesn’t 15 me at all. When it’s your time, it’s your time. No matter where you are,” Thompson added. 17．A. launch B. move C. push D. pull18．A. space B. ocean C. earth D. sky19．A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead20．A. cared B. enjoyed C. remembered D. needed21．A. pretended B. determined C. continued D. tried22．A. quietly B. immediately C. patiently D. finally23．A. safe B. free C. lucky D. ready24．A. standard B. difference C. group D. limit25．A. fit B. full C. brave D. calm26．A. settled down B. grew up C. went on D. turned up27．A. writing B. acting C. studying D. searching28．A. teach B. offer C. sell D. show29．A. skills B. tasks C. lessons D. performances30．A. necessary B. possible C. harmful D. awful31．A. threaten B. bother C. control D. surprise四、短文填空32．An exhibition titled Symbiosis of the Chinese Zodiac (生肖) opened at the Tocumen International Airport in Panama on Dec 19 and would run until Jan 20.Sally Huang, ① _________ Chinese Panamanian artist and a doctor of art from Beijing Normal University, presented thirteen paintings, ②_________combined the freehand brushstrokes of traditional Chinese paintings with the beautiful colors of Latin America, and presented the zodiac animals. Also there were some sculptures (雕刻品) of zodiac animals ③_________ display, which were created by Chinese artist Zhang Yong, graduating from the Central Academy of Fine Arts.The exhibition ④ _________ (include) in the project Painting Our Canals (运河), which was sponsored by the Beijing Culture and Arts Fund this year. The Beijing Culture and Arts Fund is a nonprofit fund ⑤ _________ (found) by the Beijing Bureau of Culture and Tourism to provide support in the three major fields of stage art, cultural exchange ⑥ _________ the cultivation (培养) of art talents.The lead institution applying for the project was Beijing Normal University, ⑦_________ (feature) a series of events themed on the canal culture in both China and Panama, also inviting artists from both countries ⑧_________ (attend) the exhibition as well as hosting academic forums.The opening ceremony was joined by representatives from both countries, such as the Chinese ambassador to Panama and the vice-minister of culture in Panama.The ambassador expressed some ⑨_________ (message) congratulating the artists in his speech, while emphasizing that China and Panama should work together to promote ⑩_________ (globe) peace and development.五、书面表达33．上个月你校举办了一年一度的读书月活动，现校报正在以“The Book I Like Most”为题进行征文比赛，请你就读过的一本书写一篇评论。

2024届高二下学期开学摸底考（理科全国甲卷、乙卷专用）
数学
（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
第I卷（选择题）
一、单项选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。

a
第II卷（非选择题）二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

(1)求证：平面11
A ACC⊥平面
(2)若
160
A AC
∠=︒，是否存在存在，说明理由.
22．（12分）已知椭圆
2
x
+。