材料成型专业英语

As the phenomenon of superplasticity moves from the laboratory into the industrial arena, as in the case of a number of engineering metals, the need for quality and process control during superplastic forming becomes increasingly important.▪Translation Skill —Semantic Extension▪（翻译技巧——常见多功能词的译法）▪多功能词as，it，that，what在科技文章中广泛使用，出现频率很高，有必要提出来重点讨论。

➢as的译法；➢it的译法；➢that的译法；➢what的译法。

as的译法▪1.as 作为介词的译法●as 作为介词可引出主语补足语、宾语补足语、状语、同位语等，可译为“作为”、“为”、“以”、“是”、“当作”等。

●Fire protection engineers define the term explosion as an “effect”produced by a sudden violent expansion of gases.●We take steel as the leading engineering materials.译：消防工程师把爆炸定义为气体瞬时剧烈膨胀的效应。

译：我们把钢作为主要的工程材料。

▪2.as 作为关系代词的译法●as 作为关系代词可以单独使用，也可以与such ，the same等词搭配使用，引导定语从句。

●as单独使用，引导定语从句或省略定语从句时，可译为“正如”或“这”、“这样”等，有时as可略去不译。

●As known to us, inertia(惯性)is an absolute quality possessed by all bodies.●As have been found there are more than a hundred elements. 译：正如我们所知，惯性是所有物体都具有的一种绝对属性。

Unit One arbitrary:任意的，武断的，专制的invariably：不变的，一定的sharply：剧烈的electrical power：电源blast furnace：高炉coke：焦炭Iron ore：铁矿石limestone：石灰石reduction：还原反应slag：炉渣tap：阀门,出渣口Property：Load support：pig iron：生铁cupola：化铁炉ladle：钢水包Fule：燃料Flux：溶剂mold：模具tension：拉力intricate：复杂的negligible：微不足道的wrought iron：锻铁，熟铁Free graphite：自由石墨flack graphite：片状的石墨mild steel：低碳钢ferrous alloy：铁合金moderately priced：价格适中ductile：延展Elastic：弹性durable：耐用的non-ferrous：eminently practical：非常实用ball bearings：滚珠轴承metal sheet：金属板AISI：code designation：规定牌号plain steel：碳素钢approximate：近似的high strength low alloy steel：高强度低合金钢proprietary：专卖的specified：规定的,详细说明的optimal：最佳的，最理想的hot rolling：热轧elevated：提高的stress relief：应力消除justification：理由，superalloy：超耐热高应力耐蚀合金rust：生锈chromium：铬austenite：奥氏体nickel：镍ferritic stainless steel：铁素体不锈钢serviceable：可以使用的quench：淬火body centered tetragonal crystal structure：体心四方晶体结构yield high strength：产生高强度cutlery：刀具，餐具spring：弹簧precipitation hardening：沉淀硬化essentially：本质上dislocation motion：位错运动corrosion resistance structural members：耐腐蚀结构件tungsten：钨molybdenum：钼chromium：铬dual：双重的heat resistance：耐热的cobalt：钴oxidation：氧化justifying：证明，，，有理severe：严峻的carbide formation kinetics：碳化物形成动力学viscosities：粘性surface flim：表面膜shrinkage：收缩solidifacation：凝固inferior：差的uniform：统一的，均衡的porosity：有孔的forge：锻造simple shape：简单断面型钢white iron：白口铸铁crystalline fracture surface：结晶断面gray iron：灰口铸铁significant：有效的，有意义的precipitation：沉淀flakes：片状的magnesium：镁spheroidal：球状的ductile iron：球墨铸铁by a factor of 20：是原来的20倍malleable iron：可锻铸铁nodular graphite：球形石墨equivalent：等价的Welding:焊接Consult：查阅Scientific literature：科学文献Symbol：符号Topic：话题Corresponding author：通讯作者Keywords：关键词Abstract：摘要Classification number：中图分类号Reference：参考文献Retrieval word：检索词Background：研究背景Correlation：相关性，关联Unit threeLesson one Manufacturing:v.生存、制造；n.制造业；Shapeless：不成型的、不定型的；Accuracy：精度；Tolerance：公差；Classification：类别；Assemble：装配；Metallurgy：A simplifide manner：简化的方式；Melt extrusion：熔融挤出；Die casting：模具铸造，压力铸造、拉模铸造；Pressing of metal powder：金属粉末压制；Rolling：轧制；Extrusion：挤压；Formulation:Cold and hot forging：冷锻/自由锻和热锻；Deep drawing：拉深（深冲压）；Sawing：锯切；Plastic deformation：Turning：车削；Milling：铣削；Broaching：拉削、绞孔、扩孔；Removing metal：Blacksmith：铁匠；Locksmith：Grind/graind：磨；Metal treatment processes：金属处理工艺；Heat treating：Anodizing：阳极氧化处理；Surface hardening：表面硬化；Essentially：本质上；Joining processes：连接；Metallurgical joining：冶金连接；Welding：焊接；Diffusion bonding：扩散接合；Riveting：铆接；Mechanical：Shrink fitting：预紧（过盈）装配；Production rates：生产率；Capable：有能力的；Recrystallization temperature：Extraordinary cost：额外成本；Die set：模座；Varible：可变因素，变量；Dimensional：空间的，尺寸的；Specified：规定的，详细说明的；Dimensional tolerance：尺寸公差；Surface finish：表面光洁度；Quality：质量；Sophisticated：复杂的；Variation：变化；Means of new development：新开发的手段；Lost wax vacuum casting：失蜡真空铸造；Tighter tolerance：更严格的公差；Brake drum：刹车鼓；Vibration：震动；Interchangeability：可替换性；Defective：有缺陷的；Modern mass production：现代大规模生产；Indicate：表明，指出；Gross national product：国民生产总值；Manufacturing industries：制造业；Manufacturing productivity：制造业的生存率；Discrete parts：分立零件；Ingredient：原料，要素，组成部分；Human and managerial resource：人力及管理资源；Plant：工厂，车间；Interface：相互作用；Physiological：生理学的；Psychological：心理学的；Precede：领先，在。

材料成型及控制工程专业英语Mechanical property机械性能austenitic奥氏体的martensite 马氏体Plastic deformation塑性变形stress concentrator应力集中点bar棒材beam线材sheet板材ductile可延展的stress relief应力松弛austenitie奥氏体 martensite马氏体normalize正火temper回火anneal正火harden淬火close-die forging模锻deformation rate变形速度diffusion扩散overheat过热Work hardening加工硬化dislocation density位错密度die模具residual strain残留应变as-forged锻造的injection mold注射模molding shop成型车间clamping force合模力grind磨削drop stamping锤上模锻nickel-base superalloy镍基合金insulation 隔热burr毛刺injection capacity注射容量deterioration变化、退化discrete不连续的abrasive磨损welding焊接metallurgical 冶金的Formation of austenite奥氏体转变The transformation of pearlite（珠光体）into austenite can only take place at the equilibrium critical point（临界温度）a very slow heating as follows from the Fe-C constitutional diagram（状态图）. under common conditions, the transformation is retarded and results in overheating,i.e.occurs at temperatures slightly higher than those indicated in the Fe-C diagram.The end of the transformation iS characterized by the formation of austenite and the dis—appearance of pearlite(ferrite+cementite)．This austenite is however inhomogeneous even in the volume of a single grain．In places earlier occupied by lamellae（层片）(or grains)of a pearlitic cementite，the content of carbon is greater than in places of ferritic lamellae．This is why the austenite just formed is inhomogeneous.In order to obtain homogeneous （均匀的）austenite，it is essential on heating not only to pass through the point of the end of pearlite to austenite transformation，but also to overheat the steel above that point and to allow a holding time to complete the diffusion（扩散） processes in aus-tenitie grains．为了获得均匀的奥氏体，在加热过程中通过珠光体的结束点向奥氏体转变是必要的，而且对过热刚以上的点，允许持续一定时间来完成奥氏体晶粒的扩撒过程。

1.material science and engineering 材料科学与工程2.material processing and controlengineering 材料成型及控制工程3.graphite n. 石墨graphitization n.石墨化graphitic adj.石墨化的4.malleable adj. 有延展性的，可锻性的，韧性的~ iron 可锻铸铁5.magnesium n.镁6.nodule n.球，结节，石墨球nodular adj. 球状的~cast iron 球墨铸铁7.pearlite 珠光体ferrite 铁素体8.matrix n. 基体9.anneal v. 使退火10.n ormalize v. 正火11.c hromium 铬12.m etallurgy n. 冶金（学、术）13.u ndercooling n. 过冷14.n ucleus 核15.a ustenite n. 奥氏体~steel 奥氏体钢16.a ustenize v. 奥氏体化17.a ustenitize v. 使奥氏体化18.a gitation n. 搅拌，鼓动19.c arbide n. 碳化物20.h omogeneous adj. 同类的，同族的，相似的，均匀的，同质的，均一的21.a luminium n. 铝22.l ever n.杠杆23.r adius n. 半径，半径距离；辐射光线，径向射线24.d eoxidant n. 脱氧剂25.a dverse adj. 逆的，相反的，敌对的；不利的，有害的26.s egregation n. 分离，分开，隔离；偏析27.d uctile adj.可延展的，有延（弹）性的，可塑的，可锻的，柔性的~iron球墨铸铁28.e lectrode n. 电极29.c erium n.铈30.c alcium 钙31.e utectic adj.共晶的；n.共晶体32.i nsulate v.使绝缘，隔离33.i nsulation n. 绝缘体，绝热，保温34.i nsulator n.绝缘体，绝热体35.r efractory adj. 耐熔的，n. 耐火材料36.a ntimony n.锑37.u ltrasonic adj. 超声波的，超音的n.超声波38.p arameter n. 参数，参量39.H ERF high energy rate forming 高能快速成型40.f use v. 熔化，熔合，熔接41.t in n. 锡42.c opper n.铜43.b ronze n. 青铜，古铜44.n ickel n. 镍45.E MPA, SEM,TEM46.b ainite n. 贝氏体47.m artensite n. 马氏体48.t emper n. 回火49.i ntermetallic a. 金属间（化合）的50.m echanism n. 机械，机构，机制，作用原理51.e mbrittle v. 使变脆，脆化52.e mbrittlement n. 脆性，脆裂53.f riction n.摩擦力54.v iscous adj. 粘（性，滞，稠）的55.s have v. 剃（齿），刮（平，面）削，刨，修整56.s having n. 刮片，削片，剃片57.p eel v. 剥片，脱壳，剥落~off58.b illet n. 钢坯，棒料，短棒59.d iameter n. 直径60.c omponent n. 组分，元件零件，组件61.m anganese n.锰62.s ulphide n.硫化（物）63.j oint n. vt. 焊缝，结合处，分型面64.c ementite n. 渗碳体65.c entrifugal adj.离心的，利用离心力的66.i nsoluble adj. 不溶的，难以溶解的67.d endrite n. 树枝晶68.g lobule n.小球,滴69.j olt v.n. 振（击，动，实），颠簸，摇动70.h orizon n. 地平线，水平线，水平面71.j oint n. v. 焊缝，结合处，分型面72.c entrifugal adj. 离心的，利用离心力的73.i nsoluble adj.不溶的，难以溶解的；不能解决的，不能解释的74.o xide n. 氧化物75.p uncture n. 刺，穿刺；刺痕，刺穿；vt.刺，刺穿，刺破；揭穿，使无用，削弱vi. 被刺穿，被戳穿76.p rimary adj. 最初的，原始的，原有的，原本的，基本的，基层的，初级的，初等的，首要的，主要的n. 居首位的事务，原色，基色，初选77.s pherical adj. 球的，球形的，球面的，球面图形的，天体的78.m ould cavity 型腔79.p ouring temperature 浇注温度80.t he primary austenite 初生奥氏体81.h eat-affected zone 热影响区82.m olecular adj. 分子的，摩尔的83.o xidation n.氧化（作用）84.e utectoid n.adj. 共析（的），共析体（的）85.s pheroidization 球化处理86.m etallic matrix composite 金属基复合物87.n ucleation 形核88.a short-range order 近程有序89.a long-range order 远程有序90.e mbryo n. 胚，胚胎91.c luster n.(同类事务或人的)一串，一束，一簇；建筑群，房屋群92.a ntimony n.锑93.r unning system=gating system 浇注系统94.s lag n.熔渣，炉渣95.z inc 锌96.m etallographic structure 金相组织97.d ross n. 浮渣，废物，杂质98.h ydraulic press 水压机99.e xtrusion die 冲压模100.arsenic 砷，三氧化二砷101.boron 硼102.phosphorus 磷103.phosphorous 亚磷的，含磷的104.dioxide 二氧化碳105.argon 氩106.piston n.活塞107.pneumatically adv 空气地，压缩空气推动的108.the volume free energy 体积自由能109.molten puddle 熔池110.porous adj. 多孔的，有孔的111.nitrogen n. 氮气112.gas-shielded arc welding 气体保护电弧焊113.fume n. 烟雾，气味114.transparent adj. 透明的，清澈的115.finishing 修整，精加工116.plastic forming process 塑形成形工艺117.。

Unit One arbitrary:任意的，武断的，专制的invariably：不变的，一定的sharply：剧烈的electrical power：电源blast furnace：高炉coke：焦炭Iron ore：铁矿石limestone：石灰石reduction：还原反应slag：炉渣tap：阀门,出渣口Property：Load support：pig iron：生铁cupola：化铁炉ladle：钢水包Fule：燃料Flux：溶剂mold：模具tension：拉力intricate：复杂的negligible：微不足道的wrought iron：锻铁，熟铁Free graphite：自由石墨flack graphite：片状的石墨mild steel：低碳钢ferrous alloy：铁合金moderately priced：价格适中ductile：延展Elastic：弹性durable：耐用的non-ferrous：eminently practical：非常实用ball bearings：滚珠轴承metal sheet：金属板AISI：code designation：规定牌号plain steel：碳素钢approximate：近似的high strength low alloy steel：高强度低合金钢proprietary：专卖的specified：规定的,详细说明的optimal：最佳的，最理想的hot rolling：热轧elevated：提高的stress relief：应力消除justification：理由，superalloy：超耐热高应力耐蚀合金turbine blade：涡轮叶片rust：生锈chromium：铬austenite：奥氏体nickel：镍ferritic stainless steel：铁素体不锈钢serviceable：可以使用的quench：淬火body centered tetragonal crystal structure：体心四方晶体结构yield high strength：产生高强度cutlery：刀具，餐具spring：弹簧precipitation hardening：沉淀硬化essentially：本质上dislocation motion：位错运动corrosion resistance structural members：耐腐蚀结构件tungsten：钨molybdenum：钼chromium：铬dual：双重的heat resistance：耐热的cobalt：钴oxidation：氧化justifying：证明，，，有理severe：严峻的turbojet：涡轮喷气飞机carbide formation kinetics：碳化物形成动力学viscosities：粘性surface flim：表面膜shrinkage：收缩solidifacation：凝固inferior：差的uniform：统一的，均衡的porosity：有孔的forge：锻造simple shape：简单断面型钢white iron：白口铸铁crystalline fracture surface：结晶断面gray iron：灰口铸铁significant：有效的，有意义的precipitation：沉淀flakes：片状的magnesium：镁spheroidal：球状的ductile iron：球墨铸铁by a factor of 20：是原来的20倍malleable iron：可锻铸铁nodular graphite：球形石墨equivalent：等价的Welding:焊接Consult：查阅Scientific literature：科学文献Symbol：符号Topic：话题Corresponding author：通讯作者Keywords：关键词Abstract：摘要Classification number：中图分类号Reference：参考文献Retrieval word：检索词Background：研究背景Correlation：相关性，关联Unit threeLesson one Manufacturing:v.生存、制造；n.制造业；Shapeless：不成型的、不定型的；Accuracy：精度；Tolerance：公差；Classification：类别；Assemble：装配；Metallurgy：A simplifide manner：简化的方式；Melt extrusion：熔融挤出；Die casting：模具铸造，压力铸造、拉模铸造；Pressing of metal powder：金属粉末压制；Rolling：轧制；Extrusion：挤压；Formulation:Cold and hot forging：冷锻/自由锻和热锻；Deep drawing：拉深（深冲压）；Sawing：锯切；Plastic deformation：Turning：车削；Milling：铣削；Broaching：拉削、绞孔、扩孔；Removing metal：Blacksmith：铁匠；Locksmith：Grind/graind：磨；Metal treatment processes：金属处理工艺；Heat treating：Anodizing：阳极氧化处理；Surface hardening：表面硬化；Essentially：本质上；Joining processes：连接；Metallurgical joining：冶金连接；Welding：焊接；Diffusion bonding：扩散接合；Riveting：铆接；Mechanical：Shrink fitting：预紧（过盈）装配；Production rates：生产率；Capable：有能力的；Recrystallization temperature：Extraordinary cost：额外成本；Die set：模座；Varible：可变因素，变量；Dimensional：空间的，尺寸的；Specified：规定的，详细说明的；Dimensional tolerance：尺寸公差；Surface finish：表面光洁度；Quality：质量；Sophisticated：复杂的；Variation：变化；Means of new development：新开发的手段；Lost wax vacuum casting：失蜡真空铸造；Tighter tolerance：更严格的公差；Brake drum：刹车鼓；Vibration：震动；Interchangeability：可替换性；Defective：有缺陷的；Modern mass production：现代大规模生产；Indicate：表明，指出；Gross national product：国民生产总值；Manufacturing industries：制造业；Manufacturing productivity：制造业的生存率；Discrete parts：分立零件；Ingredient：原料，要素，组成部分；Human and managerial resource：人力及管理资源；Plant：工厂，车间；Interface：相互作用；Physiological：生理学的；Psychological：心理学的；Precede：领先，在。

15章<1.2.3.4.5.10.11>1.Extrusion 挤压2.Billet 毛胚3.Cross-section 等截面4.squeezing 压榨5.toothpaste牙膏6.solid（实心的）7.hollow 空的8.semifinishedparts（半成品）9.ductility 延展性10.elevated temperature 再结晶温度11.chamber 房间12.batch or semicontinuous process （分批或半连续生产）13.structural and architectural shapes（结构或建筑型材）14.forging 锻造15.railing滑轨16.sliding 滑动的17.tubing管件18.plastic 塑料19.rod（杆材）20.wire（线材）21.spindles（芯轴）22.small pistons（活塞）23.various profiles（型材）24.wire（线材）25.spokes（轮辐）26.musical instruments（弦乐器）27.welding electrodes（焊条）28.rivet铆钉29.bolt 螺栓30.screw 螺丝钉31.piston 活塞32.raw material 未加工的材料33.rod 棒材34.wire 线材35.magnet 磁铁36.Direct Extrusion（正挤）37.indirect Extrusion反挤38.Hydrostatic Extrusion（静液挤压）39.hydraulically-driven ram（液压驱动的柱塞）40.diameter 直径41.friction 摩擦teral Extrusion （径向挤压）43.radially）laterally（横向的/侧向的）44.die angle（模口角度）, α45.extrusion ratio（挤压比）, R=A0/Af46.reduction in cross-sectional47.area（断面缩减率）ψ=(A0-Af/A048.extrusion speed（挤出速度）49.billet temperature（毛坯温度）50.lubrication（润滑）D, Circumscribing-circle diameter（最小外接圆直径）52.parameter（参数）53.Shape Factor（形状因子/形状因数）54.perimeter（周长）55.cross-sectional area（断面积）56.dead zone 死区57.longitudinally 纵向58.elongated59.square（正方形）60.recrystallization temperature再结晶温度61.wear 磨损62.abrasive 摩擦的63.cylindrical 圆柱形64.skull 壳65.diagonal dimension. （对角线尺寸）66.slugs67.bar 棒状68.shear剪69.preferred orientation（择优取向/优先取向）70.nonuniform deformation（不均匀变形）71.oxide film（氧化层）72.inert-atmosphere（惰性气体）73.dummy block （挤压垫）74.toughness（韧性）75.resistance to wear and fatigue（耐磨性与抗疲劳性）76.lubrication 润滑剂77.sticking有粘性的78.phosphate conversion coating（磷酸盐转化膜79.soap（肥皂）80.wax（蜡）81.Horizontal Hydraulic Press（卧式液压机）82.Stroke 一个冲程83.Vertical Hydraulic Press（立式液压机）84.crankjoint and knucklejoint mechanical press（曲柄压力机和肘杆式压力机）85.mass produce（批量生产）86.multistage operations（多工序生产）87.drawing PROCESS 拉拔工艺88.magnitude 重要性89.tensile 张力90.tensile stress（拉应力）91.the yield stress（屈服应力）92.optimum die angle(最优模口角度）93.break（断裂）94.profiles（形状）95.initial（最初的）96.the proper selection of reduction sequence per pass（每步缩减量/每步变形量）97.tube drawing processes（拉管工艺）98.wedge-shaped dies（楔形模）99.ironing（变薄拉深）100.process parameters（工艺参数）101.heavy sections（厚壁型材/大型剖面）102.nealing（中间退火）103.Bundle Drawing（捆扎拉拔）104.productivity（生产率）105.simultaneously（同时地）KEY TERMS106.Bamboo defect 竹节状缺陷107.Bridge die 空心件挤出模, 桥式孔型挤出模108.Bull block 拉丝机109.Bundle drawing 捆扎拉拔110.Canning 外皮包覆，罐装111.Capstan 绞盘，卷筒，主动轮112.Center cracking 中心开裂113.Chevron cracking 人字形裂纹114.Circumscribing-circle diameter 外切圆直径115.Ironing 挤拉法，变薄拉深，压平116.Jacketing 套筒，套式冷却（加温）117.Cold extrusion 冷挤压118.Conversion coating 转化涂层119.Dead-metal zone 金属死区120.Draw bench 拉伸（拉拔）机，拉丝机121.Drawing 拉拔，拉伸122.Extrusion 挤压，挤出123.Extrusion constant 挤出常数124.Extrusion defects 挤出缺陷125.Extrusion ratio 挤出比126.Fir-free cracking 冷杉状裂纹127.Hydrostatic extrusion 液力静挤压128.Patenting钢丝韧化处理, (线材的)拉拔(拉丝)后的退火处理129.Pipe defect 管缺陷130.Porthole die 多孔拉拔（挤压）模131.Rod 杆，棒材132.Seam 接缝133.Sejournet process Sejournet工艺134.Shear die 剪切模135.Sizing pass 定径工艺136.Speed cracking 高速开裂137.Spider die 异形孔挤压模138.Wire 丝，线材14章<1.2.3.7.8>1.Forging 锻造2.anvil（砧/平砧）3.blacksmith铁匠4.plate 平板5.press（压力机）6.forging hammer（锤锻机）7.bolts（螺栓）8.connecting rods（连杆）9.gear 齿轮10.s haft 轴11.b locker 预锻件12.n ear net 近净形（近成品形状）13.n et 净形（最终形状）14.d iscrete parts 小部件15.s trength 强度16.t oughness刚度17.d imensional accuracy （尺寸精度）18.s urface finish （表面光洁度）19.i nternal or external defects（内部或外部缺陷）20.c ritical关键的21.cold forging(冷锻）22.hot forging（热锻）23.warm forging（温锻）:between room temperatur andrecrystallization temperature24.Open-Die Forging（自由锻造）25.Impression-Die Forging（模锻）26.Closed-Die Forging（闭式模锻/闭模锻造27.Preicison Forging （精密锻造）28.a net-shape or near-net shape forming processes（净成形或近净成形工艺）29.reliably 可靠地30.Open-Die Forging（开模锻造）31.Depicted 描述32.free forging（自由锻）33.Uppseting（镦粗）34.flat-die forging（平模锻造）35.cavities（型腔）36.Barreling 鼓形37.frictional forces 摩擦力38.lubricant 润滑油39.thermal effects （热效应）40.extend 延长41.Cogging （拔长）42.intervals（间隔/间距）43.successive（连续的）44.stroke（行程/冲程）45.Impression-die Forging （模锻）46.die cavities (impressions)（型腔/模腔）47.Crankshaft（曲轴/机轴）48.Flash（飞边）49.excess（多余的）w of Minimum Resistance（最小阻力定律）51.frictional resistance（摩擦阻力）52.Significance（重要性/意义）53.Preparing Blank（备料/下料)54.c utting（切削）55.cropping（剪切）56.stock（棒料）57.powder metallurgy（粉末冶金）58.prior（先前的）59.Preforming Processes（预成形工艺）60.Distribute（分布/分配）61.fullering（压槽）62.e dging（压边）63.Blocking（预锻/粗锻/初锻/胎膜锻）64.blocker dies（预锻模）65.F inishing Forging（终锻）66.i mpression dies（终锻模）67.t rimming （切边）68.C losed-die Forging and FlashlessForging（闭式模锻和无飞边模锻）69.u ndersize（尺寸不足）70.o versize（尺寸过大）71.p rematurely（过早失效）72.j am（压裂）73.P recision Forging （精密锻造）74.a ccurate positioning（定位）75.p roduction volume （产量/生产批量）76.h ousings（机架）77.C oining （压印）78.s lug（金属块）79.m inting coins（造币）80.m edallions（奖章）81.H eading（顶镦）82.s crews（螺杆）83.o ther fasteners（紧固件）84.h eaders（顶镦机）85.c old-extrusion（冷挤压）86.P iercing（冲孔/冲缺）87.i ndenting （压槽/压痕）88.p unching（冲孔）89.s ide-acting auxiliary equipment（侧向运动的辅助设备）90.m agnitude 重要性91.c ross sectional92.i ndentation凹口,缺口93.d istortion（模具变形）94.a lignment对齐95.c onstrain强使96.l ateral横向97.s ide thrust（侧推力）98.f acilitate（便于）99.s hrinks（收缩）100.radially（径向地）101.longitudinally（纵向地）102.radii 圆度103.fatigue cracking（疲劳裂纹）104.stress concentration（应力集中）105.thermal cycling（热循环）106.Machining Allowances （切削余量/加工余量）107.flanges（法兰/凸缘）108.mating surfaces（配合面）109.toughness (韧性)110.hardenability (淬透性）111.harden uniformly（均匀淬硬）112.shock（热冲击）113.wear resistance（耐磨性）114.abrasive wear（磨粒磨损/磨耗）115.heat transfer（热传递）116.cemented carbide（硬质合金）117.tool and die steels （工具钢/模具钢）118.a rmal barrier（隔热体）119.a parting agent（脱模剂）120.graphite（石墨）121.molybdenum disulfide （二硫化钼）122.mineral oils （矿物油）123.soaps （脂肪酸盐）124.Forgeability （可锻性）125.solid specimen （样件）126.presses（压力机）127.seam 裂缝128.inclusions 夹杂物129.potential energy（势能）130.kinetic energy（动能）131.deep recesses（凹槽）13章<1.2.3.5>1.Rolling（轧制）2.rolls（轧辊）3.dough（面团）4. a rolling pin（擀面杖/擀面棍）5.flat rolling（平板轧制）6.shape rolling（型材轧制）7.tube rolling（轧管）8.hot rolling （热轧）9.cold rolling（冷轧）10.plates 厚板（大于6mm的平板）11.sheet 薄板（小于6mm的平板）12.strip（条料/带料）13.strip in coil（卷料/卷材）14.beverage 饮料15.fuselage〈空〉(飞机的)机身16.foil箔, 金属薄片17.wrap包, 裹; 卷18.t ubing and pipe 管材19.i ngot铸块20.c oarse grained 粗晶21.b rittle 易碎的22.p orous 有气孔的23.e nhanced 较高24.N eutral Point or No-Slip Point（中性点/无滑移点）25.n et frictional force（净摩擦力）26.d issipated 浪费27.c ompromise（折衷/妥协）28.c oefficients of friction（摩擦系数）29.l ubrication（润滑）30.l ongitudinal tensions（纵向拉力）31.b ack tension（后拉力/后张力）32.t he pay-off reel（开卷机）33.f ront tension （前拉力/前张力）34.t ake-up reel（卷取机）35.S teckel rolling（斯特克尔轧制法）36.e lastic modulus（弹性模量）37.d eflection（轧辊挠度）38.C rown（隆起）39.C amber 凸度40.m oments（力矩/弯矩）41.m anipulation 熟练操作42.d iameter 直径43.d imension 尺寸44.b arrel-shaped 桶形45.e coolant（冷却液/冷却剂）46.p lastic deformation 塑性变形47.e dging rolling（立轧/轧边）48.H ot Rolling 热轧/初轧—done abovethe recrystallization temperature（再结晶温度）49.S quare 正方形50.R ectangular 矩形51.d endritic（树枝状的）52.c oarse（粗大的）53.b rittle（脆/脆性的）54.n onuniform grains（不均匀的晶粒）55.p orous（多孔的）56.e qual/uniform grain(等轴晶)57.f iner (细化的)58.e nhanced ductility(韧性好的)59.non-porosities(无孔)60.grain boundaries（晶界）61.closing up（压合/压实）62.strain hardening 加工硬化63.Conditioning（清理/处理）64.torch（气炬）65.scarfing 火焰表面清理66.acid etching，酸洗/酸蚀67.grinding（研磨）68.surface finish（表面光洁度）69.dimensional tolerances （尺寸公差）70.mechanical properties（机械性能）71.productivity（生产率）.72.Pack Rolling （迭板轧制）73.matte（无光泽的）74.shiny（光亮的）75.satiny （光滑的）76.polished（抛光的）d steel（低碳钢/软钢）78.Temper Rolling or Skin Pass（硬化冷轧或表面光轧）79.yield-point elongation（屈服点延伸）80.irregularities（不整齐）81.stretcher strains（拉伸应变纹）82.Levelling Rolls（矫直轧）83.leveling rolls（矫直辊）84.flexed（弯曲）85.flatness 平整度86.Defects（缺陷）87.adversely（有害地/不利地）88.rust（锈）89.scratches（刮痕/划痕）90.gouges（擦伤）91.pits（凹点/凹陷）92.cracks（裂纹）93.inclusions（夹杂物）and impurities（杂质）94.alligatoring（分层/鳄唇开裂）95.wavy edges 波状裂纹96.buckle（歪扭/翘曲)97.elongate（延伸）98.zipper（拉链状）99.shearing (冲裁）100.slitting（切边）101.Shape rolling（型材轧制）102.stock（毛坯/原材料）103.channels（槽钢）104.I-beams （工字梁）105.forming operation (成形工序/变形工序）：106.roll wear（轧辊磨损）107.Ring Rolling(环轧/圆环轧制) 108.piercing（冲缺/冲孔）109.favorable grain flow（有利的晶粒流动/良好的成型组织）110.Thread Ring （螺纹轧制/滚丝/搓丝）111.tapered threads（锥形螺纹）112.reciprocating（往复运动的）113.residual stresses （残余压应力）114.scrap（废料）115.residual stresses （残余压应力）116.fatigue life(疲劳寿命）KEY TERMS117.rolling轧制118.rolls轧辊，辊子pressive forces压力120.flat rolling平板轧制121.plate厚板122.sheet 薄板123.aluminum-alloy铝合金124.coarse-grained晶粒粗大125.brittle脆性的126.porous structure多孔结构127.ingot铸件128.wrought structure锻造结构129.aluminum foil铝箔130.matte不光滑131.shiny有光泽的132.satiny光滑133.shape-Rolling成形轧制134.stock 原料，坯料135.ring-rolling圆环轧制136.thread-rolling 螺纹轧制137.cold-forming 冷成形138.threads 螺纹139.gear 齿轮140.grain 晶粒141.flat Rolling平板轧制142.strip 带料，条料143.roll gap 轧制间隙，轧辊间隙144.shaft 轴145.velocity 速度146.frictional force 摩擦力147.coefficients of friction 摩擦系数148.lubrication 润滑149.draft 压下量150.hot rolling 热轧151.cold rolling冷轧152.pack rolling 迭板轧制153.recrystallization temperature再结晶温度154.room temperature室温155.ductility柔韧性156.alloy steels合金钢157.refractory alloys难熔合金158.bloom（大）方坯159.slab扁坯160.billet小方坯，毛坯161.I-beams工字梁162.cross-section截面163.pickling with acids (acid etching)酸洗，酸蚀164.grinding研磨165.room temperature室温166.surface finish表面光洁度167.dimensional tolerances尺寸公差168.mechanical properties机械性能169.strain hardening应变硬化，加工硬化170.productivity生产率。

(ingot) withdrawal mechanism 取锭机构a first approximation 一级近似absolute stability 确定稳定度abuse 滥用, 虐待, 弊端AC(alternating current)沟通电acceleration 加速度accentuate增加account for 解决activation energy 激活能adaptation 适应，改编，改写本，版本adiabatic adj.[物]绝热的, 隔热的adiabatic 绝热的admissible velocity field 容许速度场advancing 前进的，前沿的age-hardening 时效硬化agitate 搅动airfoil 机翼aligned 列式的alignment 队列,找平,找齐alkaline cleaning 碱洗alligator产于美洲的鳄鱼alligatoring鳄嘴裂口Alusuisse 阿鲁修斯(瑞士公司) amorphous 非晶的an amount of 很多的angle of inclination 倾角anisotropy 各向异性anneal 退火annealing 退火annihilation 湮灭annular ring 环孔anvil 铁砧apex 顶点，反射点, 脊尖,最高点applied force 作用力applied plasticity 应用塑性力学approach angle 渐近角approach surface 渐进面approach 靠近，靠近arc force 电弧力arc process 电弧法armour steel ingot 装甲钢锭arrangment 排列articulated chill 铰接式激冷铸型articulate 铰接，连接assembly 集合, 装配,集会, 集结, 汇编atomization 雾化(法)，分别成原子atomizing 雾化attendant 附带的ausforming 奥氏体形变austenite 奥氏体automatic gage control(AGC)自动厚度掌握axial 轴向的axisymmetric 轴对称的back extrusion 反挤压back relief 出口锥(带)backup roll 支撑辊bar 杆,棒(bar>rod>wire)bar mill 小型轧机, 棒材轧机barrel 鼓起的barreling 鼓起barrel 鼓形barrier 障碍物，隔离物，屏障base plate 底座bcc=body centered cubic 体心立方be concerned with 与…有关，涉及be prone to 有...的倾向, 易于be referred to as 被称为…beam 梁, (光线的)束bearing region 定径区，支撑区bell 钟形物，承口bending process 弯曲工艺bibliographic 书籍题解的,著述名目的,文献的billet 钢坯(横截面积>4⨯4cm2)Biot number 比奥数bite ratio 咬入比block drawing 卷筒冷拔机，blocking die 粗锻模block 料块，街区bloom 花,旺盛,青春；(使)开花, (使) 繁盛；初轧坯(宽=厚，横截面积>15⨯15cm2)blooming mill 初轧机,方坯初轧机blowhole 气孔blow 突然打击bolster 垫子bottom-pressure casting 加压下铸breakage 损坏breakdown 破环，打碎breakthrough 临界点bridle roll 活套张紧辊，拉紧辊broadside mill 宽展机buckle 带扣；扣住, 变弯曲；扣箍,纹buckle 弯曲buckling 纵向弯曲build up 增进，增大bulge 鼓起，突出bull block 卷取机，冷拔机卷筒buoyancy 浮力burning 过烧butt 粗大的一端, 残料calibration 标度, 刻度,校准call upon 要求，号召, 访问cam 凸轮camber 拱形；呈拱形；隆起,上拱度canning 包套capital investment 资金总额，资本投资carbon block 碳砖炉衬, 碳砖衬里casing 外套category类别，种类cell wall晶胞壁cellular growth 分格生长，胞状长大cellular 胞状的cellular 细胞的, 网状的,蜂窝状的,胞状的cemented carbide 硬质合金cementite 渗碳体centrifugal离心的ceramic 陶瓷的chain drive 链条传动channel 槽,沟charge炉料，坯料chevron cracking V 形裂纹，人形裂纹chevron 人字形chevron 人字形，V 字形chilling block 激冷块，激冷试块，冷铁chill 激冷铸型chill 激冷铸型chipping 刨削circular symmetry 圆对称civil engineer 土木工程师clamp 卡紧clearance 间隙, 空隙climb 攀移close control 周密掌握,准确检查closed-die forging 闭模锻造cluster mill 多辊式轧钢机coefficient of spread 宽展系数cogging mill 初轧机, 开坯机, 粗轧机cog 开坯coil up 盘绕,盘起coiler 卷取机cold finish 冷加工精整cold reduce 冷减径，冷轧cold reduction 冷压缩；冷减径collapsible 折叠式combined stress 综合应力，组合应力commercial alloy 工业合金compact shape 紧凑型competewith 与...竞争,比得上compete竞争competing process 竞争性工艺complexity 简单性compocasting 混成砂型铸造compressive stress 压应力concave 凹面的concentricity 同心concerned with 有关conductor grade 导电级conical 圆锥的, 圆锥形的constant-volume relationship 体积不变关系constitutional supercooling 组成过冷,组分过冷constraint factor 约束系数constraint 强制，约束constrain 约束consumable electrode remelting 自耗电极再熔contact-bend-stretch (CBS) rolling process 接触-弯曲-拉伸轧制过程(滚压法)container 挤压筒containerless 无模continuous casting 连(续浇)铸continuous hot-strip mill 连续式带材热轧机continuous mill 连续式轧机continuous rheocaster 连续流变铸造机contour 轮廓,周线, 等高线；外形,轮廓contour 轮廓，等高线，等值线convection 对流conventional strain 传统应变，名义应变=apparent strain=nominal strain convention 协定，惯例，习俗，规定conversion coating 可换涂层convex 外表弯曲如球的外侧, 凸起的copper rim 铜环cored structure 核状偏析组织correlation 相关creep deformation 蠕变变形creep failure 蠕变破坏creep test 蠕变试验critical打算性的cross rolling 横轧cross slip 交滑移crosshead 十字头，卡头crown 隆起crucible 坩埚crumble 裂开crystallographic texture 晶体学织构cumulative 累积的Cupping 杯突curling卷曲,卷边cylindrical圆柱体的DC(direct current)直流电dead soft 极软，完全软dead zone 死区decarbonization 脱碳，脱碳作用，除碳法deep drawing 深冲，深拉degreasing(碱洗)除油degree Celsius (degree Centigrade) 摄氏度delivery speed 轧出速度dendritic 枝晶dentrite 枝晶departure 偏离dependent variable 应变量，他变量development work 试制工作diamond 金刚石die block 模块，模具坯料die fill 模填充die half 半模die head 模头，冲垫die holder 凹模固定板;模座die stack 模具组合die throat 模孔dimensional tolerance 尺寸公差dimensional tolerance 尺寸公差direct-compression-type process 直承受压型工艺direct-drive pumping system 直接传动泵送系统direction extrusion 直接挤压，正挤压discard 丢弃, 抛弃；放弃discoloration 变色, 污点dislocation 位错dispersed 分散的dissipation 消散,分散, 铺张,消耗dissipation 耗散，逸散，能量耗散disturb 干扰，扰动diverse 不同的, 变化多的domed-shaped 圆顶形，半球形double diffusive 双集中draft allowance 倾斜角容许误差draft angle 倾斜角，脱模角drawbench 拉床，冷拔机drawhead 拉拔机机头，拉床机头drawing down 锻拉drawing out 拔长drawing 拉拔drive 驱使, 动力, 推动driven roll 从动辊driven roll 从动辊drop hammer 落锤drop tower 吊塔，下垂塔droplet 液滴ductile 易延展的ductility 延展性dummy block (在挤压活塞与热金属之间)挤压垫dynamic recovery 动态回复dynamic recovery 动态回复dynamic recrystallization 动态再结晶edging pass 立轧道次edging roll 立辊,轧边辊edging 边锻，侧锻effect 效应elastic constant 弹性常数elastic modulus 弹性模量electric discharge machining 电火花加工electrical cable 电缆electrode电焊条，电极electroplatedslab 电镀板electro-slagrefining 电渣精炼eliminate消退,排解ellipsoidal 椭球形embrittle 使变脆encase 嵌入engineering strain 工程应变enthalpy difference 焓差enthalpy(热)焓enthalpy 焓entropy 熵EP(extra-pure)超纯的evolved as heat 以热放出exaggerate 夸大, 夸大excessive 过分的expenditure消耗,支出, 花费exponential指数的extension 延长extensive 大规模的extraction 抽取，排出extrapolating 外延,外推fabrication 制造facilitate 使简洁Fahrenheit (degree)华氏度fall off 下降，削减fall within 属于fault层错，断层fcc=face centered cubic 面心立方feed roll 送料辊ferrite 铁素体fibrous 纤维的fillet 圆角fine detail 细节finishing die 精模，成品模finishing roll 精轧轧辊finishing stand 精轧机座,成品机座finishing temperature 终轧温度,最终温度finishing train 精轧机组finite element method methods 有限元法fir-tree cracking 杉树状裂纹fir-tree crystal 枝晶fissue 裂缝,龟裂flange 凸缘，法兰flash gutter 飞边槽flash 飞边，毛刺flat die 平模flat tool 平口刀具flat-faced die 平模flatness 平直度，平坦度, 平面flex 挠曲flexile roll 挠性轧辊floating bend roll 游动弯曲辊floating plug 游动芯头floating zone technique 浮动区域技术, 区域精炼技术flow resistance 流阻，抗流变性flux of matter 物质通量flux pool 掩盖剂熔池flying micrometer 快速测微仪, 飞测千分尺FM (Frequency Modulation) 调频foil 箔,薄金属片follower block 从动块,从动机构局部follower pad 挤压垫片forging hammer 锻锤forging press 锻压机four-high mill 四辊轧机(机座) fractional reduction 缩减分数fracture criteria 断裂判据(准则) fracture toughness 断裂韧度fracture 裂开,断裂framework 构架，框架frictional condition 摩擦条件frictional drag 摩擦拽力frictional resistance 摩擦阻力frictional restraint 摩擦阻力full hard 全硬化，淬透fullering 压槽锻fuller 压槽fundamentals根本原理funnel 漏斗,烟窗,烟道funnel 漏斗gage(=gauge) 标准度量,计量器,估量Geiringer velocity equation 盖林格速度方程general solution〔微分方程的〕通解glass pad 玻璃垫,玻璃衬垫glassy 玻璃状的graphite 石墨gravitational acceleration 重力加速度grid patter 网格状线，网格图形grinding 磨削grooved roll 有槽grooving 开槽guard against 提防, 预防gutter 槽，沟hammering锻锤headroom 净空, 头上空间, 净空高度heat supplied 供热heat transfer 换热，传热heavy scale (钢锭的)厚氧化皮Hencky equation 汉基方程hexagonal 六角形的HF(high frequency)高频Hodograph 速度图，矢端图，速端曲线homogeneous upset test 均匀墩粗试验homogeneous 均匀的horizontal DC casting 水平连铸hot shortness 热脆hot shortness 热脆hot tearing 热撕裂，形成热裂缝hot torsion test 高温扭转试验housing 机架hub 轮毂，磁盘套，套筒hydraulic accumulator system 液压储能系统hydraulic jack 液压千斤顶hydraulic mechanism 液压机构hydraulic press 液压机hypercooling 特定程度的过冷hypocooling 亚冷，次冷I beam 工字钢, 工字梁ideal work of deformation 抱负塑性(变形)功impact blow 冲击作用impact extrusion 冲挤,冷挤压impact 碰撞，冲击impact 撞击，冲击imperative 强制的, 紧急的, 必要的implementation 执行，实现impose 利用，施加影响的impression die 压模in term of 依据，凭借…in terms of 从…角度，依据…in terms 在谈判(协商)中，依据…incipient melting 初熔incline 倾斜, 斜坡, 斜面included angle=separation angle 夹角inclusion 夹杂物inclusion 夹杂物Incorporate into 合并，缩写成…increment 增量indentation 压痕indenter 受托代购商，压头indenting 压窝independent variable 独立变量，自由变量indirect extrusion 间接挤压，反挤压indirect-compression process 间承受压型工艺induction heating 感应加热inert 惰性initially 开头inlet nozzle 入口嘴innovative 创的in-process 在线installation 安装,装臵installation 装臵，设备instantaneous 瞬间的，即刻的interdependence 相互依靠intergranular 晶粒间的intermediate annealing 中间退火intermediate frequency(i-f)中频intermediate 中间的internal 在中心的Internal-combustion engine 内燃机interphase boundary 相间边界interpolate 窜改,添写进去, 插入语句intersperse 交替interval 区间，间隔intricate 简单的invariable 不变地，总是inverted extrusion 反挤压irrespective 不考虑isenthalpic 等焓的isothermal forging 等温锻造isotope 同位素isotropic 各向同性的isotropy 各向同性jaw 叉钳, 钳夹jaw 钳夹keep pace with 与..同步，与…齐步前进lamination 迭片构造；层压land width 通道宽度lap 重叠large scale plasticity 大比例塑性变形late stage 晚期的lead bath 铅淬火槽lead sheathing 包铅层lead 铅leveler (=leveller) 轧平机，矫直机likewise 同样地limit design 极限设计limited segregation 有限偏析limiting deformation 极限变形liner 衬垫linkage 连接，链接logarithm 对数longitudinal 纵向的loose 松动的，疏松的，不准确lubricant 润滑剂lying flat 平放lying on edge 侧立mandrel drawing 长芯棒管材拉拔mandrel 心轴；芯棒,顶杆mandrel 芯棒，顶杆mandrel 芯杆manifest 说明，呈现Marangoni effect 马兰各尼效应(界面张力梯度引起的流淌)marstraining 马氏体形变热处理martensite 马氏体mass feeding〔质量〕补缩mass flow rate 质量流量mast 桅杆，炉柱match 协作matrix method 矩阵法matrix 矩阵measure out 测量出mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量mechanical press 机械压力机mechanics 力学，机构meet .. requirement 满足…要求melt drag 熔体拖拽法melt spinning 熔体旋压(纺丝，拉丝)工艺merchant mill 条钢轧机metal maching processing 切削加工metal pool 金属熔池metalworking process 金属加工工艺metastable 介稳的milestone 里程碑mill edge 轧制的(未经剪切的)边, 热轧边mill production 轧机生产力量mill product 轧制产品mill product 轧制成品mill spring 轧机弹跳mixer 搅拌器modelling 模型化，模拟monocrystal 单晶monograph=treatise 专论，专题论文morphological 形态的，构造的morphological 形态学的motor 电动机mould cavity 模腔multiple passes 多道次multiple 多样的, 多重的；成倍增加multipule –die machine 多模拉丝机mushy freezing zone 糊状凝固区music wire 琴弦，琴用钢丝natural and error 尝试法,试错法natural strain 自然应变necking 颈缩Newtonian suspension 牛顿悬浮液nib 尖端，尖头，楔尖劈nigh-current source 高电流源nomenclature 术语nonferrous metal 有色金属non-heat-treatable 不行热处理的novel condition 条件nucleated source 形核源nucleation 形核(现象)numerical controlled(N/C)machining 数控切割oblong 长方形，椭圆形offset 错排，偏移ohmic resistance 欧姆电阻on the basis of 依据onset 发端open-die forging 自由锻，开式模锻opening 通路order of complexity 简单程度orifice 孔, 口；喷嘴oval 卵形的, 椭圆的overlap 重叠oxalate 草酸(盐)oxidation 氧化oxide stringer 氧化皮细纹，氧化皮发纹oxygen lance 氧气喷枪packing 填料parallelland 平行带parting line 分型线，分隔线patenting 铅浴淬火payload 有效载荷pearlite 珠光体, 珍宝岩Pechiney 皮切尼(法国铝公司) pendulum mill 摆式轧机periphery 边缘,外围perlite 珍宝岩,珠光体perpendicularto 垂直于，与…正交pickle 酸洗,腌, 泡pickling 酸洗，浸洗pierce 刺穿, 穿透,钻孔,穿孔piercing 冲孔piercing 打孔pinch roll 夹送辊，夹紧辊，摩擦辊pinch 捏，撮pipe diffusion 管集中pipe 重皮(缺陷)piston 活塞，阳模pit 深坑, 深渊, 陷阱,凹陷planar 平面的plane front 平面波阵面，平面长大plane of shear=shear plane 剪切面plane-strain compression test 平面应变压缩试验plane-strain 平面应变planetary mill 行星式轧机planishing roll 平坦辊plasma torch 等离子喷枪，等离子焰炬plasma-arc melting 等离子熔炼plasma-arc 等离子弧plastic work 塑性功plastic-rigid solid 刚塑性体plastometer 塑性计platen 压盘platform 升降台，送料台plug drawing 定径拉拔plug 芯头point 弄尖polygon 多角形, 多边形porosity 孔隙positive正的，阳极的postpone 延迟，暂缓powder rolling 粉末轧制成型power hammer 动力锤predominate 占优势，统治，支配preferable 优先选择的prefered orientation 择优取向preform 预变形prescribe 规定，指示presentation 介绍，陈述，表达pressing 压制pressure plate 压力板，压板pressure vessel 压力容器prestrain 预应变primary roughing mill 初始开坯机principal stress 主应力prior coating 预涂层procedure 工序processing operation 工艺作业product mix 产品系列, 产品组合production run 生产性运行profile侧面profile 轮廓projection 突出局部,凸块propeller shaft 螺旋桨prototype 试验模型psi=pounds per square inch 磅/平方英寸pulling 拖，拽pullover 拔送器pull 拉力，张力pull 拉力，张力，拉，拔punching 冲孔，穿孔punch 冲孔，打孔，冲压机，冲床pyro-“火”,”热”,”焦”等含义pyrometallurgy 火法冶金学pyrometer 高温计quantitative 定性量的quenching 激冷，淬火radial coordinate 极坐标，径向坐标radial 径向的rail 钢轨,导轨,横杆, 围栏, 扶手ram 杆,推杆，挤压杆ram speed (压力机)滑块速度；冲击速度rationalize 合理化reaction 反响, 反作用,反动(力) reaction 反响，反作用力rear 后面, 后面的, 反面的；举起recalescence 金属潜热的释放，复辉，再炎热recalescence 再炎热recalescence 再辉，金属潜热的释放recast 重铸，重算，重做recess 凹进处reciprocate (使...)往复,互换recovery process 回复工艺，恢复过程rectifier 整流装臵reduction 削减，压下，缩减量，复原redundant work 附加功,关心作业redundant work 附加工，关心作业reeling 矫直refinish 再修整refractory material 难熔材料，耐高温材料refractory metal 耐高温金属refractory 难掌握的, 难熔的,耐火材料regime 状况，体制removal 切除reorientation 重取向repeater 转发器reposition重配臵reservoir 贮藏处,贮备retention 保持，保存reversible 可逆的reversing mill 可逆式轧机rheocasting 流变铸造rheological 流变的rheo-流变的rib 筋(jin)，肋(lei)ridge 脊，隆起局部right angle 直角rigid block 刚性体rinse 漂洗，清洗rod 棒,杆roll 轧辊roll caster 滚动铸型铸造roll forming 滚轧成形,辊锻成形, 轧锻rolled sheet 辊轧板roller leveling 辊式矫直roller-leveler 辊式矫直机,钢板压平机roller-leveling machine 辊式矫直机rolling mill 轧钢厂rolling 滚压Rolls Royce 劳斯莱斯rotor 转子roughing stand 粗轧机座roughing train 粗轧机组rounded apex 圆形底流排出口rpm=revolutions per minuterunout table 输出辊道rupture裂开，折断，裂缝safetyvalve 安全阀scab 疤, 痂scale 鳞皮scalebreaker mill 破鳞机scalp 剥皮scratch 划伤screw 压下丝杠,螺丝seam 线,缝seam 缝，线，裂缝seating surface 支持面secondary dendrite arm spacing 二次枝晶臂间距secondary tensile stress 副拉应力sedimentation 沉淀segregated cell 偏析晶胞self-diffusion 自集中Sendzimir mill 森吉米尔式轧机, 二十辊冷轧机sensor 传感器servocontrol 伺服掌握severity 严峻,剧烈,.严峻强度sharp 锐利的, 锐利的, 明显的,猛烈的,刺耳的,急剧的,精明的,灵敏的shear plane 切变面, 剪切面shear strength 切变强度shearedplate 切边的中厚板shearingprocess 剪切工艺sheathing 掩盖物, 罩子,加护套sheet-metal金属薄板，金属片ShiroKobayashi 小林史郎shrinkage porosity 收缩疏松，缩松，松心shrunk shrink 的过去式和过去分词(使) 收缩，(使)缩小side view 侧视图simulate 模拟simulation 仿真，模拟sinking drawing 减径拉拔sinking 减径拔管sinter 烧结skin pass 外表冷轧，外表光轧skylab 太空试验室skylark 云雀,火箭slabanalysis 主应力法slabmethod 主应力法slabbing mill板坯初轧机slab扁锭(宽≥2⨯厚,横截面积>10⨯10cm2)slag 电渣sleeve 套slip-line field theory 滑移线场理论sliver 渣粒sliver 毛刺，渣粒slope 斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜; 使)顺斜slug 毛坯solidification front 凝固前沿solidification interval 凝固间隙solidus 固相线solidus 固相线soluble 可溶的solute partition 溶质分区solute profile 溶质分布solvus 固溶度曲线sound product 发声产品sounder casting 较好的铸件sounding rocket 探测火箭soundness 安定性，致密性specific heat 比热spheroidization 球化处理spiral constriction 螺旋收缩splat cooling 急冷，喷涂细片冷却法splat 椅背中间纵立长条木，薄片激冷金属spray method 喷射成型法spread law 宽展定律spread ratio 宽展比spread宽展spring temper 弹性回火spring wire 弹簧钢丝squeeze ratio 挤压比squirt 喷射stacking –fault energy 层错能stagnant 停滞的, 迟钝的stand 机架steel casing 钢外套stem 茎, 杆stepped cone multiple-pass wiredrawing 级轮多道次拉伸机stepped cone 级轮sticking friction 粘着摩擦stock 原料，坯料stool(模)底板straightener 矫直机strainhardening 应变硬化strain phase transformation 应变诱导相变strand stand 中间机架stretch forming 拉伸成形，拉伸造型stretcher strains 滑移线streteher leveling 拉伸矫直stringer 发纹stroke 行程subsequence 后继, 随后subsidiary 补充的，关心的substantially 充分地substantial 实质的，真正的substructure 亚构造succeeding 后续的sulfate 硫酸盐superalloy 高温合金superimpose 重叠,添加superimpose 添加, 双重, 迭叠,重叠superior surface finish 高级外表光滑度surface finishing 外表抛光，精整surface finish 外表抛光，外表精整surface melting 外表熔解suspending medium 悬浮介质swager 锻锤，锤锻机swagging 旋锻，环锻synchronize 同步tandem mill 连轧机,串列式轧机tandem 序列,串列的taper 渐渐变细Teflon=polytetrafluoroethylene 特氟隆(聚四氯乙烯) temper rolling 外表光轧，平坦temper 回火tenfold 十倍的,成十倍tension type process 张力型工艺terminal curve 末端曲线terminology 术语,词汇theory of plasticity 塑性理论thermal conductivity 热导率thermal shock 热冲击thermomechanical processing 形变热处理工艺thermomechanical treatment 形变热处理thermosolutal fluid 热熔流体thin skin 薄皮thixocasting 触变铸造thixotropic property 触变性质thixotropic slurry 触变浆料thixo-触变的thread rolling 滚丝, 搓丝throughput n.生产量, 生产力量, 吞吐量throughput 吞吐量tin 锡titanium 钛top view 上视图topological 拓扑的total system 综合系统toughness 刚度,韧性,toward this end 为此，因此tractable 易处理的transformer 变压器transverse 横的transverse 横向的trimmededge 铣过的底边trimming die 修整模，修边模trim 密封面，修整,装饰true strain 真应变tube drawing 拉管tube drawing 拉管tube winking 缩口拉拔，减径拉拔，空拉tubular 管状的tundish 漏斗tungsten 钨turbine blade 涡轮叶片turbine 涡轮turn to 求助于，转向，致力于turntable 转台，回转台two band caster 双带铸造机(Hazelett process 黑兹利特工艺)two-high mill 二辊轧机Ugine-Sejournel process 尤金-塞焦耐特热挤压工艺，玻璃润滑剂高速挤压法UHF(ultra-high frequency)超高频uncoiler 开卷机, 拆卷机undercool 过冷uniaxial compression 单向压缩uniaxial 单轴的uniform-deformation energy method 均匀变形能量法unilateral 单边的，单面的universal mill 万能轧机universal-mill plate 齐边钢板unpinning 脱钉upper- (lower-) bound solution 上(下)界解upper limit 上限upper-bound 上界upsetting 镦粗upset 倒转upward向上弯vacuum arc refining 真空电弧精炼valved nozzle 阀门嘴versatile 通用的, 万能的versatility 多功能性versatility 多功能性，多用性VHF(very high frequency)甚高频vicinity 邻近，四周violate 违犯的,亵渎的,干扰,违反,阻碍, 侵害virtually 事实上，实质上viscosity 黏度volume fraction solid 固相体积分数vortex 涡流war 翘曲, 扭曲, 热变形warping 翘面, 扭曲, 变形web 连接板，薄片，腹板，网状物wedge 楔；楔入,楔进wettability 润湿性wheel caster 轮铸(Properzi process 普罗佩兹工艺)wide strip 宽带材windupreel 缠绕卷盘wiredrawing 拉线，拔丝with respect to 关于, 至于withdrawal chamber 退锭室withdrawal 放出workability 可使用性，可加工性wrought 锻件\轧材\冷拔产品的总称yield point 屈服点yield-stress 屈服应力yield 屈服zipper break 拉链式裂开。