大学思辨英语教程精读2

Text A

Preparatory Work

(1)

Experiment: variable, hypothesis, stimulus, control group

Survey Research: sampling, questionnaire, interview, close-ended

questions, open-ended questions, code sheet, telephone survey

Field Research: observation, participant

Analysis of Existing Data: content analysis, statistics

(2)

Hawthorne effect: The Hawthorne effect (also referred to as the observer

effect) is a type of reactivity in which individuals modify or improve

an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being

observed. The original research at the Hawthorne Works in Cicero, Illinois,

on lighting changes and work structure changes such as working hours and

break times were originally interpreted by Elton Mayo and others to mean

that paying attention to overall worker needs would improve productivity.

Unit 10 Religion and Society

Unit Overview

Classical, seminal sociological theorists of the late 19th and early 20th century such

as Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx were greatly interested in religion

and its effects on society. Like those of Plato and Aristotle from ancient Greece, and

Enlightenment philosophers from the 17th through 19th centuries, the ideas posited by

these sociologists continue to be examined today. Durkheim, Marx, and Weber had

very complex and developed theories about the nature and effects of religion. Of these,

Durkheim and Weber are often more difficult to understand, especially in light of the

lack of context and examples in their primary texts. Religion was considered to be an

extremely important social variable in the work of all three.

Max Weber published four major texts on religion in a context of economic sociology

Unit 3

Preparatory work

1. Deborah Tannen is University Professor and

Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University and

author of many books and articles about how the

language of everyday conversation affects

relationships. She is best known as the author of You

Just Don ‘t Understand: Women and Men in

Conversation, which was on the New York Times best

seller list for nearly four years, including eight months

as No. 1, and has been translated into 31

languages. This is the book that brought gender

differences in communication style to the forefront of

public awareness. Her most recent book, You Were

Always Mom’s Favorite! Sisters in Conversation

Throughout Their Lives, also a New York Times best

seller, received a Books for a Better Life Award and was

featured on 20/20(美国电视节目） and NPR(National

.. .. ..

参考材料 Unit 3 Verbaland Non-verbal Communication

Unit overview

Both Units 1 and 2 mention a key word “communication”.As Thomas Payne

points out in Text B of Unit 2, most of us, linguists or non-linguists, have

the common-sense notion that “the main purpose of human language is

communication”. Thus to develop a deeper understanding of the nature

and function of language, we need to take a close at human

communication. This unit examines this topic from a cross-cultural

perspective, illustrating the similarities and differences in verbal and non-verbal communication between different cultures, which lays a foundation

for further exploration into the interface between language and culture in

the following units.