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作状语的动词-ing形式具有副词特性。
根据意义，动词-ing形式可作“原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随”等状语。
一、放在句首的动词-ing形式短语根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句首时可作“原因、时间、条件、让步”等状语。
如：Being blind，they cannot use computers.因为是盲人, 他们不能使用计算机。
（原因）Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.一到学校，孩子们就开始大扫除。
（时间）Hearing the news，we all jumped with joy.一听到这个消息，我们就快乐地跳了起来。
（时间）Being clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.即使你充足聪明，也应该征求我的建议。
（让步）二、放在句末的动词-ing形式短语根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句末时可作“结果、伴随”状语，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。
如：Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her.她的父母亲搬到了上海，把房子留给了她。
（说明谓语动词动作发生后产生的结果）The monkey shouted at us，showing its teeth.那猴子露出牙齿对着我们大喊大叫。
（说明谓语动词动作发生的方式）The students walked along the road，talking and laughing.学生们沿着大路一边走，一边说笑。
（说明谓语动词动作发生时还伴随着另一个次要的动作）She works in the manager’s office, dealing with letters and documents.她在经理办公室工作，处理信件和文件。
动词-ing形式作状语吴国斌动词-ing形式作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。
1.作时间状语（有时可以在动词-ing形式前加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等）相当于时间状语从句Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.=When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息，他们立即动身去上海。
Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.=After turning off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons.关掉电视机以后，他便开始复习功课。
2.作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Being too young, he couldn’t join the army.=As he was too young, he couldn’t join the army.因为年幼，他不能参军。
Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way.=As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the way.因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。
3.作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句Using your head, you’ll find a good way.=If you use your head, you’ll find a g ood way.动动脑，你就会想出一个好办法。
Driving too fast, you will damage the car.=If you drive too fast, you will damage the car.如果开车太快，你会把车子弄坏的。
动词ing做状语
动词ing做状语
1、表示目的
有时，动词的ing形式用来表示一个人为了做某事而做某事，多用于以下句子中：
He was putting on his coat in order to leave home.
他穿上外套准备离开家。
She stayed up late studying for the exam.
她为考试而熬夜学习。
2、表示时间
有时，动词的ing形式用来表示在某一段时间内做某事，多用于以下句子中：
He has been working in the company for five years.
他在公司工作了五年了。
She has been staying at home for two months.
她在家里呆了两个月了。
3、表示原因
有时，动词的ing形式用来表示一个人做某事的原因，多用于以下句子中：
He called to apologize for losing her address.
他打电话道歉是因为他把她的地址弄丢了。
She refused to go to the park because of raining.
她因为下雨而拒绝去公园。
动词-ing形式（短语）作状语动词-ing形式（短语）可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。
此外，动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
如：Hearing someone call his name, David went out to see who it was.Being ill for a few days, she doesn't feel like eating anything.Looking on the bright side of things, you will live happily.Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by the boy alone.The song Little Apple is sung all over the country, making it very popular.The guests sat at the table, chatting and laughing.★动词-ing形式（短语）的一般式所表示的动作常与谓语动作同时发生，其完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
如：Reading the book alone in his room, Peter nodded from time to time.Having eaten too much for supper, Tom couldn't go to sleep.★动词-ing形式（短语）的否定形式常在其前面加not。
如：Not being noticed by anyone, she left the room.★动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。
动词的-ing形式作状语一、动词的-ing形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。
它可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。
二、注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。
即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。
三、1.表示时间,代替时间状语从句Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.=When I walked in the street, I met a friend of mine.2. 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中She rang him up, hoping to get his support.= As she hoped to get his support, she rang him up.Being ill, he didn’t go to school=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school3.表示条件，多置于句首Working hard, you will succeed.=If you word hard, you will succeed.4.表示让步，多置于句首Being poor, the old man was happy.=Though he was poor, the old man was happy.5.表示结果，常置于句末The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm.= The boy fell off his bike, so he broke his right arm.6.表示方式或伴随,多置于句末，也可置于句首1) He sat at the table, reading a magazine.2) Laughing and talking, they went into the room.四、为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词when, while等;为强调在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词before或aftere.g. 1) Be careful when crossing the road.2) Don’t laugh while eating.3) Before going abroad, he lived here.4) After watching TV, he went to bed.五、在-ing形式短语前可用介词on,表示“一……就……”e.g. On arriving in Beijing, he went to see his uncle.(= As soon as he arrived in Beijing, he went to see his uncle.)。
动词的ing形式作表语，定语,宾补和状语一、动词—ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容，可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible。
（= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job）她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2。
表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling。
这个问题很令困惑。
3。
常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing，disappointing, boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的—ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. （staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her）二、动词—ing形式作定语1 单个的动词—ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义.①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary—looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句.They lived in a house facing south.（=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
动词-ing形式作状语
作状语的动词-ing形式具有副词特性。
根据意义，动词-ing形式可作“原因、时间、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随”等状语。
一、放在句首的动词-ing形式短语
根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句首时可作“原因、时间、条件、让步”等状语。
如：
Being blind，they cannot use computers.
由于是盲人, 他们不能使用计算机。
（原因）
Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.
一到学校，孩子们就开始大扫除。
（时间）
Hearing the news，we all jumped with joy.
一听到这个消息，我们就高兴地跳了起来。
（时间）
Being clever enough, you should ask me for more advice.
即使你足够聪明，也应该征求我的建议。
（让步）
二、放在句末的动词-ing形式短语
根据动词-ing形式短语表示的意义及与句子的关系，放在句末时可作“结果、伴随”状语，或补充说明谓语的具体情况。
如：Her parents moved to Shanghai, leaving the house to her.
她的父母亲搬到了上海，把房子留给了她。
（说明谓语动词动作发生后产生的结果）The monkey shouted at us，showing its teeth.
那猴子露出牙齿对着我们大喊大叫。
（说明谓语动词动作发生的方式）
The students walked along the road，talking and laughing.
学生们沿着大路一边走，一边说笑。
（说明谓语动词动作发生时还伴随着另一个次要的动作）
She works in the manager’s office, dealing with letters and documents.
她在经理办公室工作，处理信件和文件。
（补充或说明谓语动词表示的具体情况）
三、动词-ing形式作状语的时态和语态
1. 在逻辑上，当动词-ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时用一般式；在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前发生时用完成式。
如：
Seeing the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could.
一看到一个陌生人向他走来，小吉姆拼命地跑了。
（see和ran几乎同时发生）
Having studied English for three years, he can read brief stories in English.
由于学了三年英语，他能够读简易英语故事了。
（study发生在read之前）
2. 在逻辑上，当句子的主语执行动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，动词-ing形式用被动式。
如：He listened to the tape，making notes now and then.
他一边听录音磁带，一边时不时地做记录。
（he执行make表示的动作）
Being called by a stranger，he realized what would happen.
一听到有个陌生人叫他，他就意识到会发生什么事情。
（he承受call表示的动作）
3. 在逻辑上，句子的主语既不执行也不承受动词-ing形式表示的动作时，就得给动词-ing形式加上它自己的逻辑主语，通常用普通格名词或主格代词充当。
此时“逻辑主语+ 动词-ing形式”称为“独立结构”。
如：
Her mother being ill，she had to ask for leave to take care of her.
由于母亲病了，她不得不请假照顾她。
注意：当动词-ing形式是generally speaking，judging from ...，granting that ...，supposing ...
等时，尽管句子的主语不是其的逻辑主语，也不需再加逻辑主语，它们被看作惯用法。
如：Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. 从口音判断，他一定是北方人。
四、连词可与动词-ing形式短语连用
1. 当动词-ing形式作状语时，可与引导相应状语从句的连词连用，以明示属什么状语。
如：When landing on the island, they found some local people welcoming them.
当他们登上岛时，发现当地人在欢迎他们。
He moved his lips as if saying something. 他动了动嘴唇，好像在说什么似的。
2. 当动词-ing形式作方式状语时，可与by连用。
如：
We learn a foreign language by correcting mistakes while using it.
我们是靠在使用外语的过程中修正错误的方式学习外语的。
五、动词-ing形式的否定式
动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not，如果它用了助动词构成完成式或被动式，就在助动词前面加not。
如：
Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t ring him.
由于不知道他的电话号码，所以我无法给他打电话。
Not having been informed of the meeting, I failed to attend it.
由于没有人通知我开会，我没有去。
翻译下列句子：
1. 如果时间允许，我会去看望我的老师。
2. 我们发现他躺在床上，听着MP3。
3. 老师把三种不同的液体混合在一起，结果发现混合物呈现出红色。
4. 通过讨论，我们找到了解决这道数学题的方法。
5. 那位领导整夜未睡，考虑第二天做什么。
6. 挨了同学们的批评后，他不再去网吧打电子游戏了。
7. 由于年龄太小，小明不能当兵。
8. 过街时要小心。
9. 由于没有收到回信，他决定再给她发一份电子邮件。
10. 火车四点发车，十点到长沙车站。
Key: 1. Time permitting, I’ll go to see my teacher.
2. We found him lying on the bed and listening to MP
3.
3. The teacher mixed three different liquids, finding the mixture red.
4. We found the way to work out this math problem by discussing it.
5. The leader stayed all the night，thinking of what to do the next day.
6. Having been criticized by his classmates, he didn’t go to the Internet bar to play computer games any more.
7. Being too young，Xiao Ming can’t join the army.
8. Be careful when crossing the street.
9. Not having received her answer, he decided to send another e-mail to her.
10. The train starts at four and arrivs at Changsha Station at ten.。
