Persistence Pays

闽南爱拼才会赢精神作文The Minnan spirit of "hard work pays off" is a well-known saying in southern Fujian, China. This spirit embodies the idea that only through persistence and determination can one achieve success. 闽南的“爱拼才会赢”精神是中国福建南部闽南地区一个著名的格言。

这种精神体现了只有通过坚持和决心才能取得成功的理念。

This spirit is deeply rooted in the culture of Minnan, and has been passed down from generation to generation. It is the driving force behind the hardworking nature of Minnan people, who are known for their industriousness and resilience. 这种精神深深植根于闽南的文化中，世代相传。

它是闽南人勤劳和坚韧不拔性格的动力所在。

The "hard work pays off" spirit can be seen in various aspects of Minnan society, from the diligent work ethic of its people to the strong emphasis on education and self-improvement. 这种“爱拼才会赢”精神可以在闽南社会的各个方面看到，从人们勤劳的工作态度到对教育和自我提升的重视。

In the workplace, Minnan people are known for their dedication and perseverance. They are willing to put in the extra effort to achieve their goals, and are not afraid of hard work. 在工作场所，闽南人以他们的奉献精神和毅力而闻名。

坚持就有回报英语作文初一Persistence Pays Off。

Persistence is the key to success. This is a sayingthat we have all heard before, but it is one that holdstrue in every aspect of our lives. Whether it is in our studies, our careers, or our personal lives, if we are persistent in our efforts, we will eventually achieve our goals.In my own life, I have seen the benefits of persistence firsthand. When I was in middle school, I struggled with math. No matter how hard I tried, I just couldn't seem to grasp the concepts. But I refused to give up. I spent countless hours studying and practicing, and eventually, I began to see improvement. By the time I reached high school, I was one of the top students in my math class.This same principle applies to all areas of our lives.If we want to succeed in our careers, we must be persistentin our efforts. We must be willing to put in the time and effort necessary to reach our goals, even when it seemslike we are not making any progress. We must be willing to learn from our mistakes and keep pushing forward, no matter how difficult the road may be.In our personal lives, persistence is equally important. Whether we are trying to improve our health, our relationships, or our overall happiness, we must be persistent in our efforts. We must be willing to make the necessary changes and stick with them, even when it seems like we are not seeing any results. We must be willing to persevere through the tough times and keep our eyes on the prize.In conclusion, persistence is the key to success in every aspect of our lives. If we want to achieve our goals and live the life we have always dreamed of, we must be persistent in our efforts. We must be willing to put in the time and effort necessary to reach our goals, and we must never give up, no matter how difficult the road may be.With persistence, anything is possible.。

每日一句英语励志名言摘抄1、Acontentedmindisthegreatestblessingamancanenjoyinthisworld.知足是人生在世最大的幸事。

——JosephAddison(美国作家艾迪生)2、Ifyouwouldknowthevalueofmoney,goandtrytoborrowsome.要想知道钱的价值，就想办法去借钱试试。

——BenjaminFranklin(美国总统富兰克林)3、Ifyouwishtosucceed,youshouldusepersistenceasyourgoodfriend, experienceasyourreference,prudenceasyourbrotherandhopeasyoursentr y.如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以谨慎为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。

——ThomasEdison(美国发明家爱迪生)4、Healthiscertainlymorevaluablethanmoney, becauseitisbyhealththatmoneyisprocured.健康当然比金钱更为重要，因为我们所赖以获得金钱的就是健康。

——SamuelJohnson(英国作家约翰逊)5、Thatmanistherichestwhosepleasurearethecheapest.能处处寻求快乐的人才是最富有的人。

——HenryDavidThoreau(美国作家梭罗)6、Sometimesonepaysmostforthethingsonegetsfornothing.有时候一个人为不花钱得到的东西付出的代价最高。

——AlbertEinstein(美国科学家爱因斯坦)7、Will,workandwaitarethepyramidalcornerstonesforsuccess.意志、工作和等待是成功的金字塔的基石。

——LouisPasteur(法国化学家巴斯勒)8、Allthesplendorintheworldisnotworthagoodfriend.人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。

本杰明·富兰克林语录1. "Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn." - Benjamin Franklin“告诉我，我会忘记；教我，我可能会记住；让我参与，我就会学到。

”- 本杰明·富兰克林2. "An investment in knowledge pays the best interest." - Benjamin Franklin “对知识的投资，回报最丰厚。

”- 本杰明·富兰克林3. "Well done is better than well said." - Benjamin Franklin“实际行动胜于空谈。

”- 本杰明·富兰克林4. "You may delay, but time will not." - Benjamin Franklin“你可以拖延，但时间不会等你。

”- 本杰明·富兰克林5. "By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail." - Benjamin Franklin“不预先准备，就是在准备失败。

”- 本杰明·富兰克林6. "Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn." - Benjamin Franklin“告诉我，我会忘记；教我，我可能会记住；让我参与，我就会学到。

”- 本杰明·富兰克林7. "Energy and persistence conquer all things." - Benjamin Franklin“精力和坚持能征服一切。

Chapter1NAMEThe MarketIntroduction.The problems in this chapter examine some variations on the apartment market described in the text.In most of the problems we work with the true demand curve constructed from the reservation prices of the consumers rather than the“smoothed”demand curve that we used in the text.Remember that the reservation price of a consumer is that price where he is just indifferent between renting or not renting the apartment. At anyprice below the reservation price the consumer will demand one apartment,at anyprice above the reservation price the consumer will de-mand zero apartments,and exactlyat the reservation price the consumer will be indifferent between having zero or one apartment.You should also observe that when demand curves have the“stair-case”shape used here,there will typically be a range of prices where supplyequals demand.Thus we will ask for the the highest and lowest price in the range.1.1(3)Suppose that we have8people who want to rent an apartment. Their reservation prices are given below.(To keep the numbers small, think of these numbers as being dailyrent pay ments.)Person=A B C D E F G HPrice=402530351018155(a)Plot the market demand curve in the following graph.(Hint:When the market price is equal to some consumer i’s reservation price,there will be two different quantities of apartments demanded,since consumer i will be indifferent between having or not having an apartment.)2THE MARKET(Ch.1)012345678102030406050PriceApartments(b)Suppose the supplyof apartments isfixed at5units.In this case there is a whole range of prices that will be equilibrium prices.What is the highest price that would make the demand for apartments equal to5 units?$18.(c)What is the lowest price that would make the market demand equal to5units?$15.(d)With a supplyof4apartments,which of the people A–H end up getting apartments?A,B,C,D.(e)What if the supplyof apartments increases to6units.What is the range of equilibrium prices?$10to$15.1.2(3)Suppose that there are originally5units in the market and that 1of them is turned into a condominium.(a)Suppose that person A decides to buythe condominium.What will be the highest price at which the demand for apartments will equal the supplyof apartments?What will be the lowest price?Enter y our an-swers in column A,in the table.Then calculate the equilibrium prices of apartments if B,C,...,decide to buythe condominium.NAME3Person A B C D E F G H High price1818181825252525 Low price1515151518151818 (b)Suppose that there were two people at each reservation price and10 apartments.What is the highest price at which demand equals supply?18.Suppose that one of the apartments was turned into a condo-minium.Is that price still an equilibrium price?Yes.1.3(2)Suppose now that a monopolist owns all the apartments and thathe is trying to determine which price and quantity maximize his revenues.(a)Fill in the box with the maximum price and revenue that the monop-olist can make if he rents1,2,...,8apartments.(Assume that he must charge one price for all apartments.)Number12345678 Price403530251815105 Revenue40709010090907040(b)Which of the people A–F would get apartments?A,B,C,D.(c)If the monopolist were required bylaw to rent exactly5apartments, what price would he charge to maximize his revenue?$18.(d)Who would get apartments?A,B,C,D,F.(e)If this landlord could charge each individual a different price,and heknew the reservation prices of all the individuals,what is the maximum revenue he could make if he rented all5apartments?$148.(f)If5apartments were rented,which individuals would get the apart-ments?A,B,C,D,F.1.4(2)Suppose that there are5apartments to be rented and that the cityrent-control board sets a maximum rent of$9.Further suppose that people A,B,C,D,and E manage to get an apartment,while F,G,andH are frozen out.4THE MARKET(Ch.1)(a)If subletting is legal—or,at least,practiced—who will sublet to whomin equilibrium?(Assume that people who sublet can evade the cityrent-control restrictions.)E,who is willing to payonly$10for an apartment would sublet to F,who is willing to pay$18.(b)What will be the maximum amount that can be charged for the sublet payment?$18.(c)If you have rent control with unlimited subletting allowed,which ofthe consumers described above will end up in the5apartments?A,B,C,D,F.(d)How does this compare to the market outcome?It’s the same.1.5(2)In the text we argued that a tax on landlords would not getpassed along to the renters.What would happen if instead the tax wasimposed on renters?(a)To answer this question,consider the group of people in Problem1.1.What is the maximum that theywould be willing to payto the landlordif theyeach had to paya$5tax on apartments to the city?Fill in thebox below with these reservation prices.Person A B C D E F G H Reservation Price35202530513100 (b)Using this information determine the maximum equilibrium price ifthere are5apartments to be rented.$13.(c)Of course,the total price a renter pays consists of his or her rent plusthe tax.This amount is$18.(d)How does this compare to what happens if the tax is levied on the landlords?It’s the same.Chapter 2NAMEBudget ConstraintIntroduction.These workouts are designed to build your skills in de-scribing economic situations with graphs and algebra.Budget sets are a good place to start,because both the algebra and the graphing are very easy.Where there are just two goods,a consumer who consumes x 1units of good 1and x 2units of good 2is said to consume the consumption bun-dle ,(x 1,x 2).Anyconsumption bundle can be represented bya point on a two-dimensional graph with quantities of good 1on the horizontal axis and quantities of good 2on the vertical axis.If the prices are p 1for good 1and p 2for good 2,and if the consumer has income m ,then she can afford anyconsumption bundle,(x 1,x 2),such that p 1x 1+p 2x 2≤m .On a graph,the budget line is just the line segment with equation p 1x 1+p 2x 2=m and with x 1and x 2both nonnegative.The budget line is the boundary of the budget set .All of the points that the consumer can afford lie on one side of the line and all of the points that the consumer cannot afford lie on the other.If you know prices and income,you can construct a consumer’s bud-get line byfinding two commoditybundles that she can “just afford”and drawing the straight line that runs through both points.Example:Myrtle has 50dollars to spend.She consumes only apples and bananas.Apples cost 2dollars each and bananas cost 1dollar each.You are to graph her budget line,where apples are measured on the horizontal axis and bananas on the vertical axis.Notice that if she spends all of her income on apples,she can afford 25apples and no bananas.Therefore her budget line goes through the point (25,0)on the horizontal axis.If she spends all of her income on bananas,she can afford 50bananas and no apples.Therfore her budget line also passes throught the point (0,50)on the vertical axis.Mark these two points on your graph.Then draw a straight line between them.This is Myrtle’s budget line.What if you are not told prices or income,but you know two com-moditybundles that the consumer can just afford?Then,if there are just two commodities,you know that a unique line can be drawn through two points,so you have enough information to draw the budget line.Example:Laurel consumes onlyale and bread.If she spends all of her income,she can just afford 20bottles of ale and 5loaves of bread.Another commoditybundle that she can afford if she spends her entire income is 10bottles of ale and 10loaves of bread.If the price of ale is 1dollar per bottle,how much moneydoes she have to spend?You could solve this problem graphically.Measure ale on the horizontal axis and bread on the vertical axis.Plot the two points,(20,5)and (10,10),that you know to be on the budget line.Draw the straight line between these points and extend the line to the horizontal axis.This point denotes the amount of6BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)ale Laurel can afford if she spends all of her moneyon ale.Since ale costs 1dollar a bottle,her income in dollars is equal to the largest number of bottles she can afford.Alternatively,you can reason as follows.Since the bundles (20,5)and (10,10)cost the same,it must be that giving up 10bottles of ale makes her able to afford an extra 5loaves of bread.So bread costs twice as much as ale.The price of ale is 1dollar,so the price of bread is 2dollars.The bundle (20,5)costs as much as her income.Therefore her income must be 20×1+5×2=30.When you have completed this workout,we hope that you will be able to do the following:•Write an equation for the budget line and draw the budget set on a graph when you are given prices and income or when you are given two points on the budget line.•Graph the effects of changes in prices and income on budget sets.•Understand the concept of numeraire and know what happens to the budget set when income and all prices are multiplied bythe same positive amount.•Know what the budget set looks like if one or more of the prices is negative.•See that the idea of a “budget set”can be applied to constrained choices where there are other constraints on what you can have,in addition to a constraint on moneyexpenditure.NAME 72.1(0)You have an income of $40to spend on two -modity1costs $10per unit,and commodity2costs $5per unit.(a)Write down your budget equation.10x 1+5x 2=40.(b)If you spent all your income on commodity 1,how much could you buy?4.(c)If you spent all of your income on commodity 2,how much could you buy?8.Use blue ink to draw your budget line in the graphbelow.02468246x1x28(d)Suppose that the price of commodity1falls to $5while every thing else stays the same.Write down your new budget equation.5x 1+5x 2=40.On the graph above,use red ink to draw your new budget line.(e)Suppose that the amount you are allowed to spend falls to $30,while the prices of both commodities remain at $5.Write down your budget equation.5x 1+5x 2=30.Use black ink to draw this budget line.(f)On your diagram,use blue ink to shade in the area representing com-moditybundles that y ou can afford with the budget in Part (e)but could not afford to buywith the budget in Part (a).Use black ink or pencil to shade in the area representing commoditybundles that y ou could afford with the budget in Part (a)but cannot afford with the budget in Part (e).2.2(0)On the graph below,draw a budget line for each case.8BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)(a)p 1=1,p 2=1,m =15.(Use blue ink.)(b)p 1=1,p 2=2,m =20.(Use red ink.)(c)p 1=0,p 2=1,m =10.(Use black ink.)(d)p 1=p 2,m =15p 1.(Use pencil or black ink.Hint:How much of good 1couldyou afford if you spend your entire budget on good 1?)0510152051015x1x2202.3(0)Your budget is such that if you spend your entire income,youcan afford either 4units of good x and 6units of good y or 12units of x and 2units of y .(a)Mark these two consumption bundles and draw the budget line in the graph below.04812164812xy 16(b)What is the ratio of the price of x to the price of y ?1/2.(c)If you spent all of your income on x ,how much x could you buy?16.(d)If you spent all of your income on y ,how much y could you buy?8.(e)Write a budget equation that gives you this budget line,where the price of x is 1.x +2y =16.(f)Write another budget equation that gives you the same budget line,but where the price of x is 3.3x +6y =48.2.4(1)Murphywas consuming 100units of X and 50units of Y .Theprice of X rose from 2to 3.The price of Y remained at 4.(a)How much would Murphy’s income have to rise so that he can still exactlyafford 100units of X and 50units of Y ?$100.2.5(1)If Amyspent her entire allowance,she could afford 8candybars and 8comic books a week.She could also just afford 10candybars and 4comic books a week.The price of a candybar is 50cents.Draw her budget line in the box below.What is Amy’s weekly allowance?$6.0816243281624Candy barsComic books3212 2.6(0)In a small countrynear the Baltic Sea,there are onlythree commodities:potatoes,meatballs,and jam.Prices have been remark-ablystable for the last 50y ears or so.Potatoes cost 2crowns per sack,meatballs cost 4crowns per crock,and jam costs 6crowns per jar.(a)Write down a budget equation for a citizen named Gunnar who has an income of 360crowns per year.Let P stand for the number of sacks of potatoes,M for the number of crocks of meatballs,and J for the number of jars of jam consumed byGunnar in a y ear.2P +4M +6J =360.(b)The citizens of this countryare in general veryclever people,but they are not good at multiplying by 2.This made shopping for potatoes excru-ciatinglydifficult for manycitizens.Therefore it was decided to introduce a new unit of currency,such that potatoes would be the numeraire.A sack of potatoes costs one unit of the new currencywhile the same rel-ative prices applyas in the past.In terms of the new currency ,what is the price of meatballs?2crowns.(c)In terms of the new currency,what is the price of jam?3crowns.(d)What would Gunnar’s income in the new currencyhave to be for him to be exactlyable to afford the same commoditybundles that he could afford before the change?180crowns.(e)Write down Gunnar’s new budget equation.P +2M +3J =180.Is Gunnar’s budget set anydifferent than it was before the change?No.2.7(0)Edmund Stench consumes two commodities,namelygarbage and punk rock video cassettes.He doesn’t actuallyeat the former but keeps it in his backy ard where it is eaten bybillygoats and assorted vermin.The reason that he accepts the garbage is that people payhim $2per sack for taking it.Edmund can accept as much garbage as he wishes at that price.He has no other source of income.Video cassettes cost him $6each.(a)If Edmund accepts zero sacks of garbage,how manyvideo cassettescan he buy?0.NAME 11(b)If he accepts 15sacks of garbage,how manyvideo cassettes can he buy?5.(c)Write down an equation for his budget line.6C −2G =0.(d)Draw Edmund’s budget line and shade in his budget set.0510152051015Video cassettesGarbage 202.8(0)If you think Edmund is odd,consider his brother Emmett.Emmett consumes speeches bypoliticians and universityadministrators.He is paid $1per hour for listening to politicians and $2per hour for listening to universityadministrators.(Emmett is in great demand to help fill emptychairs at public lectures because of his distinguished appearance and his abilityto refrain from making rude noises.)Emmett consumes one good for which he must pay.We have agreed not to disclose what that good is,but we can tell you that it costs $15per unit and we shall call it Good X .In additionto what he is paid for consuming speeches,Emmett receives a pension of $50per week.0255075100255075Politician speechesAdministrator speeches10012BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)(a)Write down a budget equation stating those combinations of the three commodities,Good X ,hours of speeches bypoliticians (P ),and hours of speeches byuniversityadministrators (A )that Emmett could afford to consume per week.15X −1P −2A =50.(b)On the graph above,draw a two-dimensional diagram showing the locus of consumptions of the two kinds of speeches that would be possible for Emmett if he consumed 10units of Good X per week.2.9(0)Jonathan Livingstone Yuppie is a prosperous lawyer.He has,in his own words,“outgrown those confining two-commoditylim-its.”Jonathan consumes three goods,unblended Scotch whiskey,de-signer tennis shoes,and meals in French gourmet restaurants.The price of Jonathan’s brand of whiskeyis $20per bottle,the price of designer tennis shoes is $80per pair,and the price of gourmet restaurant meals is $50per meal.After he has paid his taxes and alimony,Jonathan has $400a week to spend.(a)Write down a budget equation for Jonathan,where W stands for the number of bottles of whiskey,T stands for the number of pairs of tennis shoes,and M for the number of gourmet restaurant meals that he consumes.20W +80T +50M =400.(b)Draw a three-dimensional diagram to show his budget bel the intersections of the budget set with each axis.(c)Suppose that he determines that he will buyone pair of designer tennis shoes per week.What equation must be satisfied bythe combinations of restaurant meals and whiskeythat he could afford?20W +50M =320.2.10(0)Martha is preparing for exams in economics and sociology.She has time to read 40pages of economics and 30pages of sociology.In the same amount of time she could also read 30pages of economics and 60pages of sociology.(a)Assuming that the number of pages per hour that she can read of either subject does not depend on how she allocates her time,how many pages of sociologycould she read if she decided to spend all of her time on sociologyand none on economics?150pages.(Hint:You have two points on her budget line,so you should be able to determine the entire line.)(b)How manypages of economics could she read if she decided to spend all of her time reading economics?50pages.2.11(1)HarryHy pe has $5,000to spend on advertising a new kind ofdehydrated sushi.Market research shows that the people most likely to buythis new product are recent recipients of M.B.A.degrees and lawy ers who own hot tubs.Harryis considering advertising in two publications,a boring business magazine and a trendyconsumer publication for people who wish theylived in California.Fact 1:Ads in the boring business magazine cost $500each and ads in the consumer magazine cost $250each.Fact 2:Each ad in the business magazine will be read by1,000recent M.B.A.’s and 300lawyers with hot tubs.Fact 3:Each ad in the consumer publication will be read by300recent M.B.A.’s and 250lawyers who own hot tubs.Fact 4:Nobodyreads more than one ad,and nobodywho reads one magazine reads the other.(a)If Harryspends his entire advertising budget on the business pub-lication,his ad will be read by10,000recent M.B.A.’s and by3,000lawyers with hot tubs.(b)If he spends his entire advertising budget on the consumer publication,his ad will be read by 6,000recent M.B.A.’s and by5,000lawyers with hot tubs.(c)Suppose he spent half of his advertising budget on each publication.His ad would be read by 8,000recent M.B.A.’s and by4,000lawyers with hot tubs.(d)Draw a “budget line”showing the combinations of number of readings byrecent M.B.A.’s and bylawy ers with hot tubs that he can obtain if he spends his entire advertising budget.Does this line extend all the way to the axes?No.Sketch,shade in,and label the budget set,which includes all the combinations of MBA’s and lawyers he can reach if he spends no more than his budget.(e)Let M stand for the number of instances of an ad being read byan M.B.A.and L stand for the number of instances of an ad being read by a lawyer.This budget line is a line segment that lies on the line with equation M +2L =16.With a fixed advertising budget,how manyreadings byM.B.A.’s must he sacrifice to get an additional reading bya lawy er with a hot tub?2.04812164812Lawyers x 1000MBA's x 10001610262.12(0)On the planet Mungo,theyhave two kinds of money ,blue moneyand red money .Everycommodityhas two prices—a red-money price and a blue-moneyprice.EveryMungoan has two incomes—a red income and a blue income.In order to buyan object,a Mungoan has to paythat object’s red-moneyprice in red moneyand its blue-moneyprice in blue money .(The shops simplyhave two cash registers,and y ou have to payat both registers to buyan object.)It is forbidden to trade one kind of moneyfor the other,and this prohibition is strictlyenforced byMungo’s ruthless and efficient monetarypolice.•There are just two consumer goods on Mungo,ambrosia and bubble gum.All Mungoans prefer more of each good to less.•The blue prices are 1bcu (bcu stands for blue currencyunit)per unit of ambrosia and 1bcu per unit of bubble gum.•The red prices are 2rcus (red currencyunits)per unit of ambrosia and 6rcus per unit of bubble gum.(a)On the graph below,draw the red budget (with red ink)and the blue budget (with blue ink)for a Mungoan named Harold whose blue income is 10and whose red income is 30.Shade in the “budget set”containing all of the commoditybundles that Harold can afford,givenNAME 15its ∗two budget constraints.Remember,Harold has to have enough blue money and enough red moneyto payboth the blue-moneycost and the red-moneycost of a bundle ofgoods.0510152051015AmbrosiaGum 20(b)Another Mungoan,Gladys,faces the same prices that Harold faces and has the same red income as Harold,but Gladys has a blue income of 20.Explain how it is that Gladys will not spend its entire blue income no matter what its tastes maybe.(Hint Draw Glady s’s budget lines.)The blue budget line lies strictlyoutside the red budget line,so to satisfyboth budgets,one must be strictlyinside the red budget line.(c)A group of radical economic reformers on Mungo believe that the currencyrules are unfair.“Whyshould every one have to paytwo prices for every thing?”theyask.Theypropose the following scheme.Mungo will continue to have two currencies,everygood will have a blue price and a red price,and everyMungoan will have a blue income and a red income.But nobodyhas to payboth prices.Instead,every one on Mungo must declare itself to be either a Blue-MoneyPurchaser (a “Blue”)or a Red-Money Purchaser (a “Red”)before it buys anything at all.Blues must make all of their purchases in blue moneyat the blue prices,spending onlytheir blue incomes.Reds must make all of their purchases in red money,spending only their red incomes.Suppose that Harold has the same income after this reform,and that prices do not change.Before declaring which kind of purchaser it will be,∗We refer to all Mungoans bythe gender-neutral pronoun,“it.”Al-though Mungo has two sexes,neither of them is remotelylike either of ours.16BUDGET CONSTRAINT (Ch.2)Harold contemplates the set of commoditybundles that it could afford bymaking one declaration or the other.Let us call a commoditybundle “attainable”if Harold can afford it bydeclaring itself to be a “Blue”and buying the bundle with blue money or if Harold can afford the bundle bydeclaring itself to be a “Red”and buy ing it with red money .On the diagram below,shade in all of the attainable bundles.0510152051015AmbrosiaGum202.13(0)Are Mungoan budgets reallyso fanciful?Can y ou think of sit-uations on earth where people must simultaneouslysatisfymore than onebudget constraint?Is moneythe onlyscarce resource that people use up when consuming?Consumption of manycommoditiestakes time as well as money.People have to simultaneouslysatisfya time budget and a moneybudget.Other examples--people mayhave a calorie budget or a cholesterol budget or an alcohol-intake budget.Chapter 3NAMEPreferencesIntroduction.In the previous section you learned how to use graphs toshow the set of commoditybundles that a consumer can afford.In this section,you learn to put information about the consumer’s preferences on the same kind of graph.Most of the problems ask you to draw indifference curves.Sometimes we give you a formula for the indifference curve.Then all you have to do is graph a known equation.But in some problems,we give you only “qualitative”information about the consumer’s preferences and ask you to sketch indifference curves that are consistent with this information.This requires a little more thought.Don’t be surprised or disappointed if you cannot immediately see the answer when you look at a problem,and don’t expect that you will find the answers hiding somewhere in your textbook.The best way we know to find answers is to “think and doodle.”Draw some axes on scratch paper and label them,then mark a point on your graph and ask yourself,“What other points on the graph would the consumer find indifferent to this point?”If possible,draw a curve connecting such points,making sure that the shape of the line you draw reflects the features required by the problem.This gives you one indifference curve.Now pick another point that is preferred to the first one you drew and draw an indifference curve through it.Example:Jocasta loves to dance and hates housecleaning.She has strictly convex preferences.She prefers dancing to anyother activityand never gets tired of dancing,but the more time she spends cleaning house,the less happyshe is.Let us tryto draw an indifference curve that is consistent with her preferences.There is not enough information here to tell us exactlywhere her indifference curves go,but there is enough information to determine some things about their shape.Take a piece of scratch paper and draw a pair of bel the horizontal axis “Hours per dayof housecleaning.”Label the vertical axis “Hours per dayof dancing.”Mark a point a little ways up the vertical axis and write a 4next to it.At this point,she spends 4hours a daydancing and no time housecleaning.Other points that would be indifferent to this point would have to be points where she did more dancing and more housecleaning.The pain of the extra housekeeping should just compensate for the pleasure of the extra dancing.So an indifference curve for Jocasta must be upward sloping.Because she loves dancing and hates housecleaning,it must be that she prefers all the points above this indifference curve to all of the points on or below it.If Jocasta has strictlyconvex preferences,then it must be that if you draw a line between any two points on the same indifference curve,all the points on the line (except the endpoints)are preferred to the endpoints.For this to be the case,it must be that the indifference curve slopes upward ever more steeplyas y ou move to the right along it.You should convince yourself of this by making some drawings on scratch18PREFERENCES (Ch.3)paper.Draw an upward-sloping curve passing through the point (0,4)and getting steeper as one moves to the right.When you have completed this workout,we hope that you will be able to do the following:•Given the formula for an indifference curve,draw this curve,and find its slope at anypoint on the curve.•Determine whether a consumer prefers one bundle to another or is indifferent between them,given specific indifference curves.•Draw indifference curves for the special cases of perfect substitutes and perfect complements.•Draw indifference curves for someone who dislikes one or both com-modities.•Draw indifference curves for someone who likes goods up to a point but who can get “too much”of one or more goods.•Identifyweaklypreferred sets and determine whether these are con-vex sets and whether preferences are convex.•Know what the marginal rate of substitution is and be able to deter-mine whether an indifference curve exhibits “diminishing marginal rate of substitution.”•Determine whether a preference relation or anyother relation be-tween pairs of things is transitive,whether it is reflexive,and whether it is complete.3.1(0)Charlie likes both apples and bananas.He consumes nothing else.The consumption bundle where Charlie consumes x A bushels of apples per year and x B bushels of bananas per year is written as (x A ,x B ).Last year,Charlie consumed 20bushels of apples and 5bushels of bananas.It happens that the set of consumption bundles (x A ,x B )such that Charlie is indifferent between (x A ,x B )and (20,5)is the set of all bundles such that x B =100/x A .The set of bundles (x A ,x B )such that Charlie is just indifferent between (x A ,x B )and the bundle (10,15)is the set of bundles such that x B =150/x A .(a)On the graph below,plot several points that lie on the indifference curve that passes through the point (20,5),and sketch this curve,using blue ink.Do the same,using red ink,for the indifference curve passing through the point (10,15).(b)Use pencil to shade in the set of commoditybundles that Charlie weaklyprefers to the bundle (10,15).Use blue ink to shade in the set of commoditybundles such that Charlie weaklyprefers (20,5)to these bundles.NAME 19010203040102030ApplesBananas 40For each of the following statements about Charlie’s preferences,write “true”or “false.”(c)(30,5)∼(10,15).True.(d)(10,15) (20,5).True.(e)(20,5) (10,10).True.(f)(24,4) (11,9.1).False.(g)(11,14) (2,49).True.(h)A set is convex if for anytwo points in the set,the line segment between them is also in the set.Is the set of bundles that Charlie weakly prefers to (20,5)a convex set?Yes.(i)Is the set of bundles that Charlie considers inferior to (20,5)a convex set?No.(j)The slope of Charlie’s indifference curve through a point,(x A ,x B ),is known as his marginalrateofsubstitutionat that point.20PREFERENCES (Ch.3)(k)Remember that Charlie’s indifference curve through the point (10,10)has the equation x B =100/x A .Those of you who know calculus will remember that the slope of a curve is just its derivative,which in this case is −100/x 2A .(If you don’t know calculus,you will have to take our word for this.)Find Charlie’s marginal rate of substitution at the point,(10,10).−1.(l)What is his marginal rate of substitution at the point (5,20)?−4.(m)What is his marginal rate of substitution at the point (20,5)?(−.25).(n)Do the indifference curves you have drawn for Charlie exhibit dimin-ishing marginal rate of substitution?Yes.3.2(0)Ambrose consumes onlynuts and berries.Fortunately ,he likes both goods.The consumption bundle where Ambrose consumes x 1units of nuts per week and x 2units of berries per week is written as (x 1,x 2).The set of consumption bundles (x 1,x 2)such that Ambrose is indifferent between (x 1,x 2)and (1,16)is the set of bundles such that x 1≥0,x 2≥0,and x 2=20−4√x 1.The set of bundles (x 1,x 2)such that (x 1,x 2)∼(36,0)is the set of bundles such that x 1≥0,x 2≥0and x 2=24−4√x 1.(a)On the graph below,plot several points that lie on the indifference curve that passes through the point (1,16),and sketch this curve,using blue ink.Do the same,using red ink,for the indifference curve passing through the point (36,0).(b)Use pencil to shade in the set of commoditybundles that Ambrose weaklyprefers to the bundle (1,16).Use red ink to shade in the set of all commoditybundles (x 1,x 2)such that Ambrose weaklyprefers (36,0)to these bundles.Is the set of bundles that Ambrose prefers to (1,16)a convex set?Yes.(c)What is the slope of Ambrose’s indifference curve at the point (9,8)?(Hint Recall from calculus the wayto calculate the slope of a curve.If you don’t know calculus,you will have to draw your diagram carefully and estimate the slope.)−2/3.。

The Importance of Persistence Persistence is an essential trait that is required to achieve success in any field. It is the ability to continue working towards a goal despite facing obstacles and setbacks. The importance of persistence cannot be overstated, as it is the driving force behind many successful individuals. In this essay, I will discuss the significance of persistence from multiple perspectives. From a personal perspective, persistence is crucial in achieving one's goals. Without persistence, it is easy to become discouraged and give up when faced with difficulties. It takes determination and perseverance to overcome obstacles and continue working towards a goal. For instance, if one wants to become a doctor, they must be persistent in their studies and work hard to achieve good grades. They must also be persistent in their pursuit of medical school and continue working towards their goal, despite facing setbacks along the way. From a professional perspective, persistence is equally important. In many industries, success is not achieved overnight, but rather through hard work and perseverance. For example, in the business world, persistence is essential in order to achieve success. Entrepreneurs must be persistent in their efforts to build their businesses, despite facing challenges such as competition, financial difficulties, and market changes. Successful businesspeople are those who are persistent intheir efforts to achieve their goals, even when faced with setbacks. From a societal perspective, persistence is also important. Many of the world's greatest achievements have been accomplished through persistence. For example, the civil rights movement in the United States was successful because of the persistence of its leaders and supporters. Despite facing violence, discrimination, and opposition, they continued to fight for their rights until they were finally achieved. Similarly, many scientific discoveries and technological advancements have been made through the persistence of researchers and inventors. From a psychological perspective, persistence is important for personal growth and development. When we are persistent in our efforts to achieve our goals, we develop a sense of self-efficacy, which is the belief in our ability to succeed. This, in turn, leads to increased confidence and a greater sense of control over our lives. Additionally, persistence can help us develop resilience, which is theability to bounce back from setbacks and adversity. By developing resilience, we are better equipped to deal with the challenges that life throws our way. From a spiritual perspective, persistence is important for personal growth and enlightenment. Many spiritual traditions emphasize the importance of persistence in one's spiritual practice. For example, in Buddhism, the concept of "right effort" emphasizes the need to persist in one's efforts to develop mindfulness and compassion. Similarly, in Hinduism, the concept of "tapas" emphasizes the importance of persistence in one's spiritual practice, which is seen as a form of self-discipline and purification. In conclusion, persistence is an essentialtrait that is required for success in any field. It is important from personal, professional, societal, psychological, and spiritual perspectives. Without persistence, it is easy to become discouraged and give up when faced with difficulties. However, by being persistent in our efforts to achieve our goals, we can develop a sense of self-efficacy, resilience, and personal growth. Therefore, it is important to cultivate persistence in our lives and to recognize its importance in achieving success.。

Title:Shaping Reality:My Adventures in Sculpture ArtGreetings,fellow voyagers!Joe here,with the tale of my sojourn—a voyage as thrilling as any high-seas e join me on this journey through uncharted waters,where I've set my sails with the power of curiosity and determination.Navigating the vast ocean of knowledge,I've come to realize that learning is not a destination but a ceaseless journey.The thrill isn't just in discovering new islands of information but in the sailing itself—in the challenges faced and overcome,the winds weathered,and the lessons learned along the way.Flexibility has been my mainstay.Just as a captain must adjust to shifting winds and currents,I've found that the most fruitful approach is to embrace different learning methods depending on the topic.Sometimes, it's been about diving deep,other times about hoisting every sail to catch the favorable winds of familiar topics.Patience and perseverance have been my steadiest companions.There have been times when progress seemed slow as a drifting raft,but persistence paid off in the end.By staying the course and continuing to engage with the material,the fog eventually lifted,and the path became clear.Curiosity has been my guiding star.It's what drives me to change tack and explore unknown subjects.And it's also what keeps me up late into the night,chasing the thrill of discovery.Without curiosity,the vast sea of knowledge would be a daunting and empty place.Self-reflection has been the compass that kept me on course.In the quiet moments at the helm,I reflect on what worked and what didn't. This practice has allowed me to adjust my approach,keeping my learning efficient and effective.Finally,sharing the journey has been just as important as sailing it alone. Connecting with fellow learners has provided me with fresh insights, alternative routes,and the occasional safe harbor for rest and rejuvenation.Looking back,I cherish both the triumphs and the trials.Each challenge faced has turned into an invaluable lesson,each book read,and each conversation had has sculpted my voyage uniquely.So,dear friend,that’s the story of my self-learning journey and the insights I’ve gathered along the way.Your journey will be unique,with its own winds and currents,but no less enriching.I eagerly await to hear your tales of adventure.What distant shores have you explored?Remember,we are all mariners in this grand voyage of self-learning.Until we chat again,keep sailing!Peace!。

英语爱拼才会赢读后感English: "Hard work pays off" is a common saying that highlights the importance of persistence and determination in achieving success. In the realm of learning a new language, this saying holds true. It emphasizes the need to put in effort and practice consistently in order to make progress.Chinese: “天道酬勤”是一个常见的谚语，强调了坚持和决心在取得成功中的重要性。

在学习一门新语言的领域中，这句话是正确的。

它强调了需要努力和持续练习才能取得进步。

English: Learning English, or any other language, requires dedication and patience. It is not something that can be mastered overnight. It takes time to build vocabulary, understand grammar rules, and practice speaking and writing skills. The process can be challenging, but the rewards of being able to communicate effectively in another language are worth the effort.Chinese: 学习英语，或任何其他语言，需要专注和耐心。

这不是一蹴而就的事情。

需要时间来建设词汇量，理解语法规则，练习口语和写作技能。

滴水石穿英语作文Title: Persistence Pays Off: A Story of Dripping Water Wearing Away Stone。

In the vast expanse of nature, there exists a phenomenon where seemingly insignificant droplets of water can gradually erode solid stone over time. This process, while slow and subtle, exemplifies the power of persistence and determination. Through the lens of this natural phenomenon, we can draw parallels to our own lives, where consistent effort and perseverance can lead to remarkable achievements.Firstly, let us delve into the concept of persistence. Persistence can be defined as the quality of continuing steadfastly in a course of action despite difficulties or obstacles. In the context of the proverb "dripping water wears away stone," persistence is akin to the continuous drip of water, unrelenting in its pursuit of wearing down the unyielding surface of the stone. Similarly, in ourendeavors, persistence involves unwavering determination and the willingness to endure challenges and setbacks.Consider the story of Thomas Edison, the renowned inventor credited with the creation of the electric light bulb. Despite facing numerous failures and setbacks, Edison remained persistent in his pursuit of success. With each failed attempt, he viewed it not as a defeat, but as a valuable lesson learned. Like the relentless drip of water, Edison's perseverance eventually led to the breakthrough that revolutionized the world.Moreover, the process of dripping water wearing away stone underscores the importance of consistency. Just as the steady drip of water gradually erodes the stone's surface, consistent effort over time yields significant results. This principle applies to various aspects of life, whether it be academic pursuits, career advancement, or personal development. By consistently investing time and energy into our goals, we gradually chip away at obstacles and inch closer to success.Furthermore, the analogy of dripping water wearing away stone emphasizes the cumulative effect of small actions. Each individual droplet of water may seem insignificant on its own, but collectively, they have the power to shape the landscape. Similarly, small, consistent actions compounded over time can lead to profound outcomes. Whether it's daily practice, incremental improvements, or small steps towards a larger goal, every effort contributes to progress.In today's fast-paced world, where instantgratification often takes precedence, the concept of patience is more relevant than ever. Just as the process of dripping water wearing away stone requires time and patience, so too do our endeavors. Success rarely happens overnight; it is the result of sustained effort and perseverance over time. By embracing patience and understanding that progress takes time, we cultivate the resilience needed to overcome obstacles and achieve our aspirations.In conclusion, the proverb "dripping water wears away stone" serves as a powerful reminder of the transformativepower of persistence, consistency, and patience. Like the relentless drip of water, our efforts, no matter how small, have the potential to break through even the toughest obstacles. By embodying these principles in our lives, we can navigate challenges with resilience and ultimately carve out our path to success.。

Perseverance Pays Off OvercomingChallengesPerseverance is the quality of being persistent in the face of obstacles and challenges. It is the ability to push through adversity, to keep going even when the going gets tough. Perseverance is a critical trait to possess, and it is one that can pay off in many ways. When we persevere, we can achieve our goals, overcome obstacles, and ultimately succeed in life.One of the most significant benefits of perseverance is that it helps us to achieve our goals. When we set out to accomplish something, we are often met with challenges and setbacks. These obstacles can be discouraging, and they can cause us to lose sight of our goals. However, if we persevere, we can push through these challenges and ultimately achieve our objectives. This is because perseverance allows us to stay focused on our goals and to keep working towards them, even when the road ahead is difficult.Another benefit of perseverance is that it helps us to overcome obstacles.Life is full of challenges, and we all face difficult times at some point in our lives. Whether it is a personal setback or a professional challenge, perseverance can help us to overcome these obstacles. When we persevere, we develop the resilience and strength we need to face adversity head-on. We learn to adapt to new situations, to be creative in our problem-solving, and to stay motivated even when things seem impossible.Perseverance also pays off in our personal lives. When we persevere, we develop a sense of self-discipline and self-control. We learn to prioritize our goals and to stay focused on what is important to us. This can lead to a sense of personal satisfaction and fulfillment, as we achieve the things that are meaningful to us. Additionally, perseverance can help us to develop stronger relationships with others. When we persevere through difficult times, we learn to rely on our loved ones for support, and we develop a deeper appreciation for the people in our lives.Despite the many benefits of perseverance, it is not always easy to maintain. There are times when we may feel discouraged or overwhelmed, and it can bedifficult to keep going. However, there are several strategies that we can use to help us persevere through challenging times. One strategy is to break down our goals into smaller, more manageable tasks. This can help us to stay focused on our objectives and to make progress even when the road ahead seems long. Another strategy is to seek support from others. Whether it is friends, family, or a professional counselor, having a support system can help us to stay motivated and to persevere through difficult times.In conclusion, perseverance is a critical trait to possess, and it is one that can pay off in many ways. When we persevere, we can achieve our goals, overcome obstacles, and ultimately succeed in life. While it is not always easy to maintain, there are several strategies that we can use to help us persevere through challenging times. By staying focused on our goals, seeking support from others, and staying motivated, we can develop the resilience and strength we need to face any obstacle that comes our way. So, let us all strive to be more perseverant in our lives and achieve the success we desire.。