语法术语GrammarTerms

英语语法术语（中英对照）语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative [构词法，通过词根加减字母构成不同词性的词]复合词compound 【简单说两个单词凑一起构成一个新词，比如hairdresser】词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary [ɔːɡ'zɪlɪəri]verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb或者dynamic verbs(动态动词)静态动词state /stative verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective原级positive比较级comparative最高级superlative副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative [,ɪntə'rɑɡətɪv] adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal [rɪ'sɪprək(ə)l] pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case 性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时present perfect tense过去完成时past perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity 强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style结构structure层次rank正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语 spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic英国英语 British English美国英语American English。

英语语法术语语法术语：语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret moun物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause 主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子sentence 简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence 复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question 选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question 反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence 肯定句positive sentwence 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence 感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence patern句子成分members of sentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object 双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object 复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object补语complement 主补subject complement 宾补object complement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification 前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case 所有格possessive case 主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter人称person第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时pastfuture continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时presentperfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时presentcontinuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity 强调emphasis 重复repetition 语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal 口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语British English 美国英语American English 用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory 贬义derogatory 幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic课堂用语1．上课（Beginning a class）（1）Let’s start now．／Let’s beg in our class／lesson．（2）Stand up，please．（3）Sit down，Pease．2．问候（Greeting）（4）Hello，boys and girls／children．（5）Good morning，class／everyone／everybody／children／boys and girls．（6）Good afternoon，class／everyone／everybody／children／boys and girls．（7）How are you today？3．考勤（Checking attendance）（8）Who’s on duty today？／Who’s helping this morning／today？（9）Is everyone／everybody here／present？（10）Is anyone away？／Is anybody away？（11）Is anyone absent？／Is anybody absent？（12）Who’s absent？／Who’s away？（13）Where is he／she？（14）Try to be on time．／Don’t be late next time．（15）Go back to your seat，please．（16）What day is it today？（17）What’s the date today？（18）What’s the weather like today？（19）What’s it like outside？4．宣布（Announcing）（20）Let’s start working．／Let’s begin／start a new lesson．／Let’s begin／start our lesson．（21）First，let’s review／do some review．（22）What did we learn In the last lesson？（23）Who can tell／remember what we did In the last lesson／yesterday？（24）Now we’re going to do some thing new／different．／Now let’s learn something new．（25）We have some now words／sentences．5．提起注意（Directing attention）（26）Ready？／Are you ready？（27）Did you get there？／Do you understand？（28）Is that clear？（29）Any volunteers？（30）Do you know what to do？（31）Be quiet，please．／Quiet，please．（32）Listen，please．（33）Listen carefully，please．（34）Listen to the tape recorder／the recording．（35）Look carefully，please．（36）Look over here．（37）Watch carefully．（38）Are your watching？（39）Please look at the black-board／picture／map…（40）Pay attention to your spelling／pronunciation．6．课堂活动（Classroom activities）（41）Start！／Start now．（42）Everybody together．／All together．（43）Practise in a group．／Practise In groups／In groups，please．（44）Get into groups of three／four…（45）Every body find a partner／friend．（46）In pairs，please．（47）One at a time．／Let’s do It one by one．（48）Now you，please．／Your turn（Students name）．（49）Next，please．Now you do the same，please．（50）Let’s act．／Let’s act out／do the dialogue．（51）Who wants to be A？（52）Practise the dialogue，please．（53）Now Tom will be A，and the other half will be B．（54）Please take（play）the part of…（55）Whose turn is It？（56）It’s your turn.（57）Wait your turn，please．（58）Stand inline．／Line up．（59）One by one．／One at a time，please．（60）In twos．／In pairs．（61）Don’t speak out．（62）Turn around．7．请求（Request）（63）Could you please try It again？（64）Could you please try the next one？（65）Will you please help me？8．鼓励（Encouraging）（66）Can you try？（67）Try，please．（68）Try your best．／Do your best．（69）Think it over and try again．（70）Don’t be afraid／shy．9．指令（Issuing a command）（7）Say／Read after me，please．（72）Follow me，please．（73）Do what do．（7）Repeat，please．／Repeat after me．（75）Once more，please．／One more time，please．（7）Come here，please．（77）Please come to the front．／Come up and write on the blackboard／chalkboard．（78）Come and write It on the blackboard．（79）Please go back to your seat．（80）In English，please．（81）Put your hand up，please．Raise your hand，please．（82）Put your hands down，please．／Hands down，please．（83）Say it／Write it in Chinese／English．（84）Please take out your books．（85）Please open your books at page…／Find page…／Turn to Page…（86）Please answer the question／questions．／Please answer my qllllst1On（s）．（87）Please read this letter／word／sentence out loud．／Please readout this letter／word／sentence．（88）Please stop now．／Stop now，please．／Stop here，please．（89）Clean up your desk／the classroom，please．（90）It’s clean－up time．／Tidy up your desk／the classroom．（91）Put your things away．／Clean off your desk．／Pick up the scraps·（92）Clean the blackboard．（93）Plug in the tape－recorder，please．（94）Put the tape－recorder away．（95）Put the tap，In it’s box／cassette．（96）Listen and repeat．（97）Look and listen．（98）Repeat after me．（99）Follow the words．（100）Fast．／Quickly！／Be quick，please．（101）Hurry！／Hurry up，please．（102）Slow down，please．（10）Slowly．（104）Bring me some chalk，please．10．禁止和警告（Prohibition and warning）（105）Stop talking．／Stop talking now，please．（106）Don’t talk．／Everybody quiet，please．（107）Don’t be silly．（108）Settle down．11．评价（109）Good，thank you．（10）Good／Very good．／God job．／Good work．／Good example．（111）A good answer．／Nice work．（112）Excellent．／Great！／Well done．／Very good．／I like the way you（13）That’s Interesting！（114）Don’t worry about It．／No problem．（115）OK！／That’s OK．（116）I don’t think so．（117）That’s not quite right，any other answers？／That’s close／That’s almost right．（118）Not quite，can anyone help him／her？／try again．（119）A good try．12．布置作业（Setting homework）（120）For today’s homework…（121）Practise after class．／Practise at home．（122）Say it out loud，before you write It down．（123）Copy／Print／Write each word twice．（124）Remember（Memorize）these words／sentences．（125）Learn these words／these sentences／this text by heart．（126）Do your homework．／Do the next lesson．／Do the new work．13．下课（Dismissing the class）（127）Hand in your workbooks，please．（128）Time is up．（129）The bell is ringing．（130）There’s the bell．（131）There goes the bell．（132）Let’s stop here．（133）That’s all for today．（134）Class is over．（135）Good bye．／Bye．／See you next time。

英语语法术语中英文对照表语法 grammar句法 syntax词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank句子 sentence从句 clause词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable noun abstract noun抽象名词具体名词 concret noun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamationadjective形容词副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possesive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun物主代词 possecive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词 article定冠词 definite articleindefinite article不定冠词数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concessionadverbial clause of cause原因状语从句．结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentencebasic sentence patern基本句型否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntatic relationship 并列 coordinate从属 subordinationmodification修饰．前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender阳性 masculine阴性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second personthird person第三人称．时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood否定 negationscope of negation否定范围．全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tonefalling-rising tone降升调．文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression 英国英语 British English美国英语 American English 用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic。

常用英语语法术语表Grammatical-Terms常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms 1. 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form2.morphology词法notional实词form word虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词parts of speech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classification of nouns名词的分类common noun普通名词proper noun专有名词collective noun集合名词material noun物质名词abstract noun抽象名词countable noun可数名词personal pronoun人称代词possessive pronoun物主代词reflexive pronoun反身代词demonstrative pronoun指示代词interrogative pronoun疑问代词relative pronoun关系代词indefinite pronoun不定代词reciprocal pronoun相互代词case格nominative case主格objective case宾格possessive case所有格singular form单数形式plural form复数形式cardinal numeral基数词ordinal numeral序数词fraction numeral分数数词degrees of comparison比较级positive degree原级comparative degree比较级superlative degree最高级notional verb实义动词modal verb情态动词link verb连系动词auxiliary verb助动词transitive verb及物动词intransitive verb不及物动词regular verb规则动词irregular verb不规则动词finite verb限定动词non-finite verb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式present form现在形式past form过去形式participle分词present participle现在分词past participle过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbal noun动名词simple present tense一般现在时simple past tense一般过去时simple future tense一般将来时present continuous tense现在进行时past continuous tense过去进行时future continuous tense将来进行时past perfect tense过去完成时future perfect tense将来完成时present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense将来完成进行时sequence of tenses时态的呼应passive voice被动语态active voice主动语态indicative mood陈述语气imperative mood祈使语气subjunctive mood虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place地点副词adverb of manner方式副词adverb of degree程度副词adverb of frequency频度副词conjunctive adverb连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction并列连词subordinating conjunction从属连词syntax句法declarative sentence陈述句imperative sentence祈使句exclamatory sentence感叹句interrogative sentence疑问句general question一般疑问句special question特殊疑问句alternative question选择疑问句disjunctive question反意疑问句simple sentence简单句compound sentence并列句语法术语Grammar Terms 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。

英语语法专业术语音标版语法 grammar ['græmə] the rules in a language for changing the form of words and joining them into sentencesthe basic rules of grammr English g句法 syntax ['sintæks] the way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language; the rules of grammar for this词法 morphology [mɔ:'fɔlədʒi] the forms of words, studied as a branch of linguistics结构 structure ['strʌktʃə]层次 rank [ræŋk]句子 sentence ['sent(ə)ns]从句 clause [klɔːz]词组 phrase词类 part of speech单词 word实词 notional word ['nəuʃənəl]虚词structural word['strʌktʃ(ə)r(ə)l]单纯词simple word派生词derivative [di'rivətiv,də'rivətiv] 派生的；引出的复合词compound ['kɔmpaund,kɔm'paund]词性part of speech名词 noun [naʊn]专有名词 proper noun ['prɒpə]普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun ['kauntəbl]不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词abstract ['æbstrækt] noun 具体名词 concrete noun ['kɔnkri:t] 混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的物质名词 material noun [mə'tɪərɪəl]集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun [ɪndɪ'v ɪdjʊ(ə)l] preposition [prepə'ziʃən] a word or group of words, such as in, from, to, out of and onbehalf of, used before a noun or pronoun ['prəʊnaʊn] to show place, position, time or method conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃən] a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’动词 verb [vɜːb]主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive ['trænsɪtɪv] verb 及物的；过渡的；可迁的不及物动词intransitive[in'trænsitiv] verb 系动词 link verb助动词auxiliary verb [ɔ:g'ziljəri]情态动词 modal verb['məʊd(ə)l]规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl,'freizəl]限定动词 finite verb ['fainait]非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit]使役动词causative verb ['k ɔ:zətiv]感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation [.eksklə'meiʃən]形容词 adjective ['ædʒɪktɪv]副词 adverb ['ædvɜːb]adverb of manneradverb of degreeadverb of timeadverb of placeadjunct ['ædʒʌŋ(k)t]连接性副词 conjunct [kən'dʒʌŋ(k)t]疑问副词interrogative adverb [.intə'rɔgətiv]关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun ['prəunaun]人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun[pə'zesiv]反身代词reflexive pronoun [ri'fleksiv]相互代词reciprocal pronoun [ri'siprəkəl]指示代词demonstrative pronoun [di'mɔnstrətiv]疑问代词interrogative pronoun [.intə'rɔgətiv]关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun [in'definit,in'defənit]名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun [.ædʒik'taivəl] 冠词 article定冠词definite article ['definit,'defənit]不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral ['nju:mərəl]基数词cardinal numeral ['k ɑ:dinl,'kɑ:dnəl]序数词ordinal numeral ['ɔ:dinəl,'ɔ:dnəl]分数词 fractional numeral ['fræk ʃənəl]形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式plural form ['pluərəl,'plurəl]限定动词finite verb form ['fainait]非限定动词 non-finite verb form [n ʌn'finit]原形 base form从句 clause从属句subordinate clause [sə'b ɔ:dineit,sə'bɔ:dn.eit,sə'b ɔ:dnit]并列句coordinate clause [kəu'ɔ:dneit,kəu'ɔ:dnit,kəu'ɔ:dəneit]名词从句nominal clause ['nɔminəl,'nɔmənəl]定语从句attributive clause [ə'tribjutiv,ə'tribjətiv]状语从句adverbial clause [əd'və:biəl]宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause [ə'p ɔzitiv]时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession [kən'seʃən]原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句compound complexsentence陈述句declarative sentence [di'klærətiv]疑问句interrogative sentence [.intə'rɔgətiv]一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句alternative question [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv]附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question [dis'dʒʌŋktiv]修辞疑问句rhetorical question [ri'tɔrikəl]感叹疑问句exclamatory question [iks'klæmə.təri,ik'sklæmə.təuri] 存在句existential sentence [.egzis'tenʃəl]肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern否定句 negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence [im'perətiv]省略句elliptical sentence [i'liptikəl]感叹句exclamatory sentence [iks'klæmə.təri,ik'sklæmə.təuri] 句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语predicate ['predikeit,'predikit]宾语 object双宾语 dual object ['dju:əl]直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语cognate object ['kɔg.neit]补语 complement ['kɔmplimənt,'k ɔmplə.ment,'kɔmpləmənt]主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement表语predicative ['pridi.kətiv,'predi.keitiv]定语attribute [ə'tribju:t,'ætribju:t,ə'tribjut, 'ætrə.bju:t]同位语 appositive [ə'pɔzitiv]状语 adverbial [əd'və:biəl]句法关系syntactic relationship [sin'tæktik]并列 coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dneit,kəu'ɔ:dnit,kəu'ɔ:dəneit]从属 subordination [səb.ɔ:di'nei ʃən,səb.ɔ:dən'eiʃən]修饰 modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən,.mɔdəfə'keiʃən]前置修饰pre-modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən,.mɔdəfə'keiʃən]后置修饰 post-modification [.mɔdifi'keiʃən,.mɔdəfə'keiʃən]限制 restriction [ri'strikʃən]双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case [əb'dʒektiv] 性 gender ['dʒendə]阳性masculine ['mæskjulin,'mæskjəlin]阴性 feminine ['feminin,'femənin] 通性 common中性 neuter ['nju:tə]人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气indicative mood [in'dikətiv]祈使语气imperative mood [im'perətiv]虚拟语气 subjunctive mood [səb'dʒʌŋktiv]否定 negation [ni'geiʃən]否定范围 scope of negation [skəup] 全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation ['pɑ:ʃəl]转移否定 shift of negation语序 order 自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion [in'və:ʃən]全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement ['predikeit]语法一致grammatical agreement [grə'mætikəl]概念一致 notional agreement ['nəu ʃənəl]就近原则 principle of proximity [pr ɔk'simiti,prɔk'siməti]强调 emphasis ['emfəsis] emphasize ['emfəsaiz,'emfə.saiz] 重复 repetition [.repi'tiʃən]语音 pronunciation语调 tone升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal口语 spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression [f ɔ:mju'listik]英国英语 British English美国英语 American English用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring ['kʌləriŋ]褒义commendatory [kə'mendətəri,kə'mendə.təuri]贬义derogatory [di'rɔgətəri,di'rɔgə.təuri]幽默 humorous ['hju:mərəs]讽刺 sarcastic [sɑ:'kæstik]挖苦 ironic [ai'rɔnik]direct object ['ɒbdʒekt]n. the object that receives the direct action of the verbIn ‘She wrote a letter’, the verb ‘wrote’is transitive and the word ‘letter’ is the direct object.Welcome!!!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！。

完成式表示动作发生在胃语动作之前
I am sorry to have kept you
waiting.
She seems to have read the book
before
现在分词完成式主要用于庄语,表示
动作在胃语的动作之前发生.
Having done his homework, the
boy began to watch TV.
被动式不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式的动
作的成受者
It's honor for me to be asked to
speak here.
He wanted the letter to be mailed
at once.
She prefered to be given more
work to do.
但在有些句子中, 如果与句中名词或
代词有主胃关系, 不定式用主动式
He has no one to take care of (He
与 Take care of 有主畏关系)
We will have many difficult to
overcome (We 与 to overcome有主胃
关系)
表示被动的动作, 而且动作正在发
生
The bridge being built there
will be one of the longest in
China,
完成被动式
Having been given such a good
chance, how could she give it
up?
词。

语法术语Grammar Terms语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence 基本句型basic sentence patern句子成分members of sentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object 补语complement主补subject complement 宾补object complement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case 所有格possessive case主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender 阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter人称person第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语British English 美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。

英语中常见的语法术语Common Grammar Terms in English.English, as a rich and diverse language, is known for its intricate grammar rules and terminologies. These terms help us understand and communicate more effectively. Here, we will explore some of the commonly used grammar terms in English.1. Noun: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. For example, "cat," "book," "Paris," and "happiness" are all nouns.2. Verb: Verbs express actions or states of being. They are often the most important part of a sentence, expressing what is happening or what the subject of the sentence is doing. For instance, "run," "sing," "is," and "exists" are verbs.3. Adjective: Adjectives describe or modify nouns,indicating their qualities, size, age, shape, color, or origin. For instance, in the sentence "She has a beautiful red dress," "beautiful" and "red" are adjectives modifying the noun "dress."4. Adverb: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, telling how, when, where, or to what degree something happens. For instance, in the sentence "She sings beautifully," "beautifully" is an adverb modifying the verb "sings."5. Pronoun: Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. They can refer to people, places, things, or ideas. For example, "he," "she," "they," "it," "which," and "whom" are pronouns.6. Preposition: Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. They indicate direction, position, time, or manner. For instance, in the sentence "The cat is sitting on the mat," "on" is a preposition.7. Conjunction: Conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses together. They can be coordinating (e.g., "and," "but," "or") or subordinating (e.g., "because," "although," "until").8. Interjection: Interjections are words that express strong feelings or emotions, such as surprise, joy, anger, or pain. They are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence and can stand alone. For example, "Wow!" or "Oh no!" are interjections.9. Sentence: A sentence is a complete thought that expresses a statement, question, command, or exclamation. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.10. Clause: A clause is a group of words that containsa subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete thought. Independent clauses can form complete sentences, while dependent clauses cannot and need to be connected to an independent clause to form a complete sentence.11. Tense: Tense refers to the time when an action or state of being occurs. There are three basic tenses in English: present, past, and future. Each tense has its own forms and uses.12. Voice: Voice refers to whether the subject of a verb is performing the action (active voice) or receiving the action (passive voice). For example, in the sentence "The cat chased the mouse," the active voice is used, while in the sentence "The mouse was chased by the cat," the passive voice is used.13. Syntax: Syntax refers to the rules and patternsthat govern how words are combined to form sentences. It involves the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses to create grammatically correct and meaningful sentences.These are just some of the basic grammar terms in English. Mastering these terms and understanding their functions in sentences is essential for effective communication and writing. With practice and exposure, onecan become more proficient in using these terms correctly and fluently.。

英语语法专业术语及其含义English Grammar: Professional Terminology and Their MeaningsEnglish grammar is a complex system that governs the structure and usage of the English language. To better understand and analyze English grammar, it is important to be familiar with the specialized terminology used in this field. In this article, we will explore some of the key terms in English grammar and their meanings.1. Noun:A noun refers to a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples include "dog," "London," "book," and "happiness."2. Verb:A verb denotes an action, occurrence, or state of being. It expresses what the subject of a sentence does or experiences. Examples include "run," "write," "sleep," and "be."3. Adjective:An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. It provides additional information about the noun or pronoun it is placed before. Examples include "beautiful," "tall," "delicious," and "happy." 4. Adverb:An adverb provides further information about a verb, adjective, or other adverb. It describes the manner, place, time, or degree of an action or state. Examples include "quickly," "very," "here," and "often."5. Pronoun:A pronoun is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition. It refers to a previously mentioned or understood noun. Examples include "he," "she," "it," and "they."6. Preposition:A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. It indicates location, time, manner, or direction. Examples include "in," "on," "at," and "from."7. Conjunction:A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses. It shows the relationship between the connected elements. Examples include "and," "but," "or," and "for."8. Interjection:An interjection is a word or phrase used to express strong emotion or surprise. It is usually followed by an exclamation mark. Examples include "Wow!" "Oh!" "Ouch!" and "Hooray!"9. Subject:The subject is the noun or pronoun that typically performs the action expressed by the verb. It is usually found at the beginning of a sentence. Example: "The cat" is sleeping.10. Predicate:The predicate is the part of a sentence that contains the verb and includes all the words or phrases that modify or complete the verb. Example: "is sleeping" in "The cat is sleeping."11. Sentence:A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It typically contains a subject and a predicate. Example: "She is reading a book."12. Phrase:A phrase is a group of words that function as a unit within a sentence. It does not have a subject and a predicate. Example: "in the morning" in "She reads in the morning."13. Clause:A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. It can function as a sentence or be part of a larger sentence. Example: "I like pizza" is a clause.14. Tense:Tense refers to the time of an action or state described in a verb. English has three primary tenses: past, present, and future. Example: "ran" is in the past tense, while "run" is in the present tense.15. Active Voice:Active voice is a sentence construction in which the subject performs the action expressed by the verb. Example: "She wrote a letter."16. Passive Voice:Passive voice is a sentence construction in which the subject receives the action expressed by the verb. Example: "The letter was written by her."17. Direct Object:A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a transitive verb. Example: "John kicked the ball." The ball is the direct object.18. Indirect Object:An indirect object is a noun or pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom the action of a transitive verb is done. Example: "He gave Mary a gift." Mary is the indirect object.19. Comparative Degree:The comparative degree is a form of an adjective or adverb used to compare two things or actions. Example: "She is taller than her sister."20. Superlative Degree:The superlative degree is a form of an adjective or adverb used to compare three or more things or actions. Example: "He is the tallest in the class."21. Conditional Sentence:A conditional sentence expresses a hypothetical situation and its possible outcome. It usually includes an "if" clause and a main clause. Example: "If it rains, we will stay at home."22. Gerund:A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun. It ends in "-ing" and can act as a subject, direct object, or object of a preposition. Example: "Swimming is a great exercise."23. Infinitive:An infinitive is a verb form that is typically preceded by the word "to" and can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Example: "To learn" is important for personal growth.24. Modifier:A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that describes or limits another word or group of words. It provides additional information or clarifies the meaning. Example: "The tall man" - "tall" is the modifier of "man."These are just a few of the many specialized terms used in English grammar to describe the various elements and rules of the language. By familiarizing yourself with these terms and their meanings, you can improve your understanding and usage of English grammar.。