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初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
以give 为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时：(1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时：(1)They agreed on building a new car factory last month. a new car building factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时：(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.5. 现在进行时：(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时：(1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时：(1)Someone has told me the meeting might be put off.I have been told the meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here.(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
动词被动语态知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)（word）一、动词被动语态1．The weatherman says a rain shower ______ this afternoon in the south.A. expectsB. expectedC. is expectedD. was expected【答案】C【解析】【分析】气象员说今天下午预计南方将出现阵雨。
本题考查动词的语态和时态。
从句中因为"a rain shower"做主语,可知应用被动语态,又因为"阵雨被预料”这件事发生在现在,所以用一般现在时。
故答案为C。
【点评】此题考查一般现在时的被动语态。
要熟记各个时态被动语态的构成。
2．The telephone ________ in 1876.A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was invented【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:电话是在1876年被发明的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
一般过去式的被动语态构成was/were done该句的主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，动作发生在过去，所以用被动语态的一般过去时态，故选D。
3．—Why are you leaving your job?—I can't stand it any longer. I always ____ to work overtime.A. am; askingB. am; askedC. was; askingD. was; asked【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：——你为什么要离职？——我再也受不了了，我总是被要求加班。
根据句意可知用被动语态，可排除AC；根据上一句are leaving是现在进行时表示将来，所以此处是一般现在时，故选B。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。
高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式.被动语态由be＋过去分词构成, be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例, 各种时态的被动语态形式为:1.am/is/ar.+don.(过去分词.一般现在时. 2.ha./hav.bee.don.现在完成时3.am/i./ar.bein.don.现在进行时4.was/wer.don.一般过去时5.ha.bee.don.过去完成时6.was/wer.bein.don.过去进行时7.shall/wil.b.don.一般将来时8.should/woul.b.don.过去将来时9.shall/wil.hav.bee.don.将来完成时（少用）10.should/woul.hav.bee.don.过去将来完成时（少用）2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为: 情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例Th.bab.shoul.b.take.goo.car.o.b.th.baby-sitter.2.有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例Hi.mothe.gav.hi..presen.fo.hi.birthday.可改.H.wa.give..presen.b.hi.mothe.fo.hi.birthday.3.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。
例Someon.caugh.th.bo.smokin..cigarette.可改为Th.bo.wa.caugh.smokin..cigarette.4）在使役动词have.make.get以及感官动词see.watch.notice.hear.feel.observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时, 在主动结构中不定式to要省略, 但变为被动结构时, 要加to。
被动语态详解一、语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化(1)主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be 的变化形式完全一样。
以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + given一般过去时：was / were +given一般将来时：shall / will + given一般过去将来时：should / would + given现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given过去进行时：was / were + being + given现在完成时：have / has + been + given过去完成时：had + been + given将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + given 注：被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
①You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.②He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法：①My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语②The school set up a special class to help poor readers. →A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
初中英语被动语态专项讲解一、语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。
(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。
)各种时态的被动语态构成：1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词Eg：I'm asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词Eg：This house was built in 1958.His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词Eg：More factories will be built in our city.He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词.Eg： A road is being built around the mountain.Many new houses are being built in this cit5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there.We were being trained this time last year.6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages.The prices of many goods have been cut again .7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.4.含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动语态变成被动语态时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
被动语态(the Passive V oice)用法小结一．语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。
如果主语是动作的执行者,动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,动词就要用被动语态。
二．被动语态的基本结构 be + 过去分词(人称.数。
时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）e。
g. People use English freely. （主动句）English is used （by people) freely. （被动句）三．几种时态的被动语态１．一般现在时结构：主语＋am / is / are +donee.g. 主动句：She cleans her room every day。
被动句:Her room is cleaned (by her） every day. (肯定句）否定句：Her room isn’t cleaned （by her） every day.一般疑问句：Is her room cleaned (by her) every day？注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化,其时态应与主动句的时态一致．2。
一般过去时结构：主语＋was / were +donee.g。
主动句：The workers made the VCD last week。
被动句:The VCD was made by the workers last week。
(肯定句）否定句： The VCD wasn't made by the workers last week.一般疑问句：Was the VCD made by the workers last week？3. 一般将来时结构：主语＋will be +donee。
g。
主动句：My father will send me to America soon。
被动句: 肯定句：I will be sent to America by my father soon。
The Passive Voice被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时2）has /have been done 现在完成时3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时4）was/were done 一般过去时5）had been done 过去完成时6）was/were being done 过去进行时7）shall/will be done 一般将来时8）should/would be done 过去将来时2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为：情态动词＋be ＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his mother for hisbirthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make,let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。
被动语态复习一主动语态和被动语态的转换:主：I+learn+English被： English+is learned+by me .谓语动词带双宾时，既可将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以讲直接宾语转化为主语。
若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则在间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for 。
eg ： She gave me a book.→ I was given a book.→ A book was given to me.主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等及使役动词let, make, have等跟省略to 的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号to 。
eg ： He makes the girl stay at home.→ The girl is made to stay at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.→They were heard to sing Peking Opera in the theatre last Sunday.二被动语态的时态变化4现在完成时： have (has ) + been +过去分词1一般现在时： is (am , are) +过去分词5过去完成时： had + been +过去分词2一般过去时： was ( were ) +过去分词6现在进行时： is (am , are) + being +过去分词3一般将来时： will ( be going to ) + be +过去分词7过去进行时： was/were + being done。
8过去将来时： would /be going to + be done 4. 少数动词 print, cook, fry, hang, build, make用于进行时，6含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词如： The fish is cooking. (鱼正在烧。
被动语态讲解及练习一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：例：⑴ We listen to the teacher carefully in class.主谓宾T The teacher is listened to by us主谓介词短语⑵W e laughed at him .时态动词的被动形式例句般现在时is done He is asked to do this.一般过去时was done The story was told by her mother.般将来时will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时is being done The novel is being written.过去进行时was being done At that time the desk was being made.现在完成时has bee n done The house has bee n built.过去完成时had bee n doneThey said that their work had bee n finished.过去将来时would be doneHe said the trees would be pla ntedsoon.三、被动语态的各种句型：1、T he song is liked by young people.肯定句）2、T he song isn t liked by young people （否定句）3、Is the song liked by young people ? （一般疑问句）4、Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑问句）He was laughed at by us.carefully in class.四、主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语⑵动词改为变动形式be done同时注意时态)⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by 后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去例：The man killed a tiger.f A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)五、特殊句型的被动语态：1 含有使役动词(make /let /have)或感官动词(hear ,see, listen to ,look at find ,watch,feel等)的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
By-Bevis 被动语态By-Bevis英语中语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
分为主动语态、被动语态两种。
即主语“做某事”（主动）或者主语“被做某事”（被动）。
汉语中所说的“课桌被修好了”，“房子是由工人们建的”这样的在动词前面加个“被”字、“由”字的句就是一种被动语态的句型，在英文中则用动词的被动语态形式表示。
一、语态的种类：语态定义主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着，即动作发生的对象例句主动：Lily asked the question. 我问了这个问题被动：The question was asked by Lily. 这个问题是由我问的二、被动语态的基本构成形式：Be动词+ 动词的过去分词形式（由两部分构成）三、被动语态的时态结构变化（主动语态以动词ask 为例）时态结构、例句一般现在时They ask a question（主动）肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question is asked by them.主语+am/is/are+not+动词过去分词+其他++by+介词宾语A question is not asked by them.Am/is/are+主语+动词过去分词+其他+by+介词宾语Is a question asked by them?一般过去时They asked a question yesterday肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+was/were+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question was asked yesterday by them主语+ was/were+not+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question was not asked yesterday by themWas/were+主语+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Was a question asked yesterday by them?一般将来时They will ask a question tomorrow肯定式：否定式：疑问式: 主语+ will + be + 动词过去分词+ 其它+by+介词宾语A question will be asked tomorrow by them主语+ will + not + be + 动词过去分词+ 其它+by+介词宾语A question will not be asked tomorrow by themWill + 主语+ be + 动词过去分词+ 其它+by+介词宾语Will a question be asked tomorrow by them?过去将来时They would asked a question the next day肯定式：否定式：主语+ would + be + 动词过去分词+ 其它+by+介词宾语A question would be asked the next day by them主语+ would + not + be + 动词过去分词+ 其它+by+介词宾语A question would not be asked the next day by them疑问式：Would + 主语+ be + 动词过去分词+ 其它+by+介词宾语Would a question be asked the next day by them?现在进行时They are asking a question now肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+ am/is/are + being +动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question is being asked now by them主语+am/is/are+being+not+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question is being not asked now by them.Am/Is/Are+主语+being+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Is a question being asked now by them?过去进行时They were asking a question at that time肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question was being asked at that time by them主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question was being asked at that time by themWas/were+主语+being+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Was a question being asked at that time by them?现在完成时They have asked a question肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+have/has +been+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question has been asked by them主语+have/has+not+been+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question has not been asked by themHave/Has+主语+been+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Has a question been asked by them？过去完成时They had asked a question肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+had+been+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question had been asked by them主语+ had+not+been+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question had not been asked by themHad+主语+been+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Had aquestion been asked by them?情态动词They can ask a question肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+情态动词+be+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question can be asked by them主语+情态动词+not+be+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question can not be asked by them情态动词+主语+ +be+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Can a question be asked by them?be going to They are going to ask a question肯定式：否定式：疑问式：主语+be going to+be+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question is going to be asked by them主语+ be going to +be+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语A question is not going to be asked by themBe going to +主语+ +be+动词过去分词+其它+by+介词宾语Is a question going to be asked by them?练习：用横线划出下列句子的主语、谓语动词、宾语，并改成被动语态1.Students clean the classroom every day2. She is taking care of the children3. Someone has turned on the light4. They can finish all the work before July 20th5. We were building a new system now6. My cousin gave me a present last Christmas7. Our government will set up a new hospital next year8. She told them to wait her for a moment9. They are going to go over again this lesson this night10. She had handed in the paper before Miss wang came in四、主动语态与被动语态的互换1.主动语态：主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语+ 状语Eg. We clean the classroom every day.被动语态：主语+ be+动词过去分词+ 状语+ by+介词宾语The classroom is cleaned every day by us2.主动语态：主语+ 谓语动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语+ 状语He gave me five yuan yesterday被动语态：主语+ be + 动词过去分词+ 保留宾语（直宾/间宾) + 状语+ by介词宾语Eg. I was given five yuan yesterday by him Five yuan was given to me yesterday by him练习：将下列主动语态变成被动语态1. I write a letter every day2. Eli showed us a photo of his family(2种方法)3. He gave me a present4. We call her our good doctor5. They kept us waiting for a long time6. She will look after the children7. You should clean your room every day8. We respect our teachers五、被动语态的用法基本用法例句1.不知道或没必要说出动作的执行者时，by 短语常省略1.Paper was first invented in China.纸是中国首先发明的（不知是谁）2. Our school was set up in 2003我们学校是03年建立的(不必指明是谁建立的)2.强调动作的承受者时1.These boys are taken good care of by her. （强调这些孩子）这些孩子由她很好的照顾着2. Many houses were destroyed in the flood很多房屋被洪水摧毁3. 科技文献或新闻报道为体现客观性1. It is said that this disease is caused by a specific virus据报道，这种病是由一种特殊的病毒引起的4. 为表礼貌或委婉，避免提及动作执行者或说话人自己1. Smoking is not allowed in the library图书馆禁止吸烟2. Everybody is expected to obey the following rules希望大家遵守以下规定六、主动不能变被动的情况不能变被动的情况例句不及物动词作谓语We study hard 我们努力学习及物动词的宾语是表地点、处所、组织、国家等名称时1.He left his hometown ten years ago他10年前离开了家乡2.The students entered the classroom one by one学生们陆续地进了教室某些表状态或关系的及物动词、短语动词，只有主动语态四个“发生”：happen, take place, occur, break outLook like看起来像，mean意味着，own拥有，join参加，等…eg: In the past 30 years, great changes has taken plance in our country 在过去的30年，我们国家发生了巨大的变化There be句型There are a lot of deskes in the classroom教室里有许多桌子主系表句型He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的男孩have作谓语动词We have three meals a day. 我们一日吃三餐反身代词作宾语He taught himself English.他自学英语相互代词作宾语They know each other. 他们彼此认识动名词、不定式作宾语1.They enjoy swimming with us他们喜欢和我们一起游泳2.She wants to be a teacher.她想成为一位老师There be句型There are a lot of desks in the classroom教室里有许多桌子七、用主动表被动的一些情况1. worth“值得”后接动词ing，用主动形式表被动意义The book is worth reading 这本书值得一读2系动词用主动表被动：smell闻起来，taste尝起来，look看起来，sound听起来，feel感觉起来The food tasted delicious. 这食物很好吃3.有些有及物动词转化的不及物动词，当主语为物时，由主动表被动：sell卖，write写，wash洗，wear穿，read读，等…The pen writes well这笔很好写The cloth washes well easily这布很容易洗注：1. A make / let / have B do “A使B做某事”变被动语态时需改成B is /are made/had/let to do…“B被迫做某事”eg: His parents make him study hard at home他父母让他每天努力学习He was made to study hard at home 他被迫在家努力学习2. Have sth done “让某事被做”, have后接物时，用动词过去分词形式表被动eg: I must have my bike repaired, it is broken. 我的单车坏了，我必须修理它练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空1. The War (break) out in 19372. Chinese (speak) by more and more people around the world3. We (tell)to close the windows before lefting the lab4. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should (allow) to go to bars5. How long have Mr. And Mrs.David (marry) ?6. They (make) give up the picnic by the heavy rain7. This world can’t (understand) by the foreigners8. Lily’s bedroom is too dirty, she must have it (clean) now9. Workers (make) work from morning to night in the past10. All the work must (do) in two days11. The water is too dirty for us (swim)in.12. I often make him (laugh) druing the break time13. the trees (plant) in the park next Saturday?14. Thy often (help) each other15. She is a good cook, the fish (taste) delicious16. This beautiful song is wonderful , it worth (listen)17. Bikes widely (use) by Chinese18. When this kind of computer (use)?19. This kind of desk (make) of wood20. My brother (build) a new plane model these days二、按要求转换句型1. The book may be kept for two weeks. (对画线部分提问)the book ? 2. We have collected about one thousand models (对画线部分提问)Stamps collected?3.We must send her to a hospital at once (改为被动语态)must to a hospital at once4.You can renew the book for another week. (改为被动语态)The book for another week5. . Rice is grown in the south of China (改成主动语态，people作主语)in the south of China6. Your homework must be handed in today (改成主动语态)in your homework today7. the boy, the glass, by, broken, was (连词成句)8. factory, small, this, kind, made, is, a , bike, of, in (连词成句)9. 工人们在过去被迫一天工作12小时The workers for 12hours a day一、用动词的适当形式填空1. The War (break) out in 19372. Chinese (speak) by more and more people around the world3. We (tell)to close the windows before lefting the lab4. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should (allow) to go to bars5. How long have Mr. And Mrs.David (marry) ?6. They (make) give up the picnic by the heavy rain7. This world can’t (understand) by the foreigners8. Lily’s bedroom is too dirty, she must have it (clean) now9. Workers (make) work from morning to night in the past10. All the work must (do) in two days11. The water is too dirty for us (swim)in.12. I often make him (laugh) druing the break time13. the trees (plant) in the park next Saturday?14. Thy often (help) each other15. She is a good cook, the fish (taste) delicious16. This beautiful song is wonderful , it worth (listen)17. Bikes widely (use) by Chinese18. When this kind of computer (use)?19. This kind of desk (make) of wood20. My brother (build) a new plane model these days二、按要求转换句型1. The book may be kept for two weeks. (对画线部分提问)the book ? 2. We have collected about one thousand models (对画线部分提问)Stamps collected?5.We must send her to a hospital at once (改为被动语态)must to a hospital at once6.You can renew the book for another week. (改为被动语态)The book for another week5. . Rice is grown in the south of China (改成主动语态，people作主语)in the south of China6. Your homework must be handed in today (改成主动语态)in your homework today7. the boy, the glass, by, broken, was (连词成句)8. factory, small, this, kind, made, is, a , bike, of, in (连词成句)9. 工人们在过去被迫一天工作12小时The workers for 12hours a day。
初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案（一）语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如：They built the bridge.The bridge was built by them.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught一般过去时：was／were＋taught一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught过去进行时：have／has been＋taught现在完成时：have／has been＋taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词(三)被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
（完整版）被动语态讲解及练习（附答案）.doc被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。
以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．4） was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
I语法：被动语态英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
[观察例句]1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.2．All the work has been finished by now.3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.4．You are invited to make a speech in our school.5．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.[归纳用法]1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋be ＋done。
2．例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have ＋been ＋done。
3．例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were ＋being ＋done。
4．例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are ＋done。
5．例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋be ＋done。
一、被动语态的基本构成和用法被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be 的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。
下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。
希望大家遵守以下规定。
Some volunteers will be sent to the remote village to help improve the education there.一些志愿者将被派往那个偏远的村庄来帮助提高那里的教育水平。
被1被的组成一般在在行一般未来在达成情在am am will +be+p.p.have(has)情态动词构 is+p.p.is+being+p.p.am+been+p.p.+be+p.p 成are are is+going to+ be + p.p.are去一般去去行去将来去达成was+p.p.was would +be+p.p.had +been+p.p.构 were+being+p.p.was成were+going to+be+p.p.were(1) 被的用法：① 不知道是作的行者( 即不知道做 )用被 ,省略 by 短。
如：A man was killed in the accident. / This window was broken yesterday .②不或许尽人皆知是做,用被 ,省略 by 短。
如：Rice is also grown in this place. A railroad will be built here in three years .③ 作的蒙受者,句尾加 by 短。
如：It was written by Lu Xun. A pet dog is never killed by its owner注意点：① “ +接 +直接”改被 ,能够用接做被句的主。
也能够用直接做被句的主,可是需用 to 或许 for 引出原句的接：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher .. → A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.．．His father made him a kite.→ Awaskite made for him by his father .．．② “ ++原形”改被 ,原形前要加to.The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→ The waspoormademan to work 12 hours a day．．③ “ +⋯+介”改被,介一般在原位不。
一、被动语态1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be + Vp.p （及物动词过去分词）be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.I am asked to study hard by my mother.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They ar e planting trees over there. →7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. →There are twenty more trees to be planted.练习：1. The boy ______ to get supper ready after school yesterday．A. were toldB. is tellingC. was toldD. tells2. A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China in ten years．A. mustB. will beC. hasD. have3. Chinese _______ by the largest number of people.A. speakB. is speakingC. speaksD. is spoken4. The old stone bridge ___ next week.A.is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuiltD. will rebuild5. The coat___her sister.A. made toB. were made forC. was made forD. was made to2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词原则上，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是，许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词，变成及物动词短语如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，这时也可有被动语态。
一、被动语态1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be + Vp.p（及物动词过去分词）be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化一、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned every day.I am asked to study hard by my mother.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often.Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. →My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They ar e planting trees over there. →7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.→There are twenty more trees to be planted.练习：1. The boy ______ to get supper ready after school yesterday．A. were toldB. is tellingC. was toldD. tells2. A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China in ten years ．A. mustB. will beC. hasD. have3. Chinese _______ by the largest number of people.A. speakB. is speakingC. speaksD. is spoken4. The old stone bridge ___ next week.A.is going to be rebuiltB. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuiltD. will rebuild5.The coat___her sister.A. made toB. were made forC. was made forD. was made to2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词原则上，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是，许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词，变成及物动词短语如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，这时也可有被动语态。
此时应注意短语的整体性，即后面的介词或副词不要丢掉。
例如：We should speak to old people politely.Old people ______ ______ ____________ politely by us.She will take good care of the children ．（变被动语态）The children will ____________ ______ ____________ by her ．1．规则动词的过去分词1）一般情况下栽动词原形后面加–ed2）以不发音 e结尾的加 -d3）以辅音字母加 y结尾的，把 y改 i 加-ed4）以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母在家-edwatch-watched practice-practicedstudy-studied stop-stopeed2.不规则动词的过去分词am have do-doneis been write-writtenare has go-gone3）被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。
例如：Where could they grow these vegetables ？（改为被动语态）Where _____ vegetables ________ _________?【翻译练习】1.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
（ welcom ）2. 这次英语演讲比赛将会在下星期五举行。
(hold)3. 在过去五年里，他被认为是这个村里最有才华的年轻人。
(consider as )4.Jim 正在院子里修理他的自行车。
（ repair）5.就网球来说他还从来没有被别人打败过。
/ 他在网球上海从来没有遇到过对手。
（ beat）6. 你不必把这封信打印出来。
（print）7.据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
8. 据专家所说，所有的桥梁必须重建。
（rebuild）3)在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）表示 "据说 "或 " 相信 " 的词组，基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等组成。
例如：It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It is believed that大家相信It is hope d that大家希望It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为It is suggested that据建议It is taken granted that被视为当然It has been decided that大家决定It must be remember that务必记住的是4) 注意被动语态的几个特殊情况：（1）带双宾语的两种被动语态形式：① 把指人的间接宾用作被动句的主语，如：She gave me a book.I was given a book by her.② 把指物的直接宾语用作被动句的主语，此时，间接宾语前需加介词to 或for, 如：She gave me a book.A book was given to me by her.She bought me a present.A present was bought for me by her.Her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）A new pen ______ ____________ her by her mother ．（3）复合宾语的主动句在转换成被动句时，那些感官动词和使役动词如make，see，feel, hear 等后所省略的动词不定式to 需被还原。
例如：5) 主动形式表示被动意义1） wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。
例如：The book sells well.这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。
2） need/want/require/worth当 need, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 时，表示的是被动意义。
例如：Your hair needs cutting.= Your hair needs to be cut.The flowers require watering.6) 被动形式表示主动意义，如be determined, be pleased, be graduated（from）, be prepared（for） , be occupied （in） , get married 等。
例如：He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 均可。
例如：He married a rich girl.He got married to a rich girl.8)不宜使用被动语态的几种情况：（1）有些动词如happen 和动词短语如take place 是没有被动语态的。
9）熟记教材中与被动语态相关的固定搭配和句型。
例如： be made of / from /in / by, be used for/ as等。
—Your coat looks nice ．Is it ______cotton ？—Yes． It's ______ Shanghai．A ． made of； made by B． made of； made inC． made for； made by D ． made for； made in10）被动语态的判断方法。
①当句中出现by sb， with sth 短语时常使用被动语态，如：The door was locked by me.The road was covered with snow.②及物动词之后没有宾语常需用被动语态，如：I _____ (ask) to answer the question.我们知道，ask 是及物动词，其后必须接宾语。
但在此题中，ask 之后并没有宾语。
