初中英语中类比构词[论文]

用类比的方法写一篇英语作文80词英文回答：Analogy is a powerful tool that can be used to compare two things, identify similarities, and draw inferences. It is a valuable skill that can be used in a variety of contexts, from everyday conversation to academic research.There are several types of analogies, including:Synonymous analogies: These analogies compare two things that have the same meaning. For example, "happy is to cheerful as sad is to gloomy."Antonymous analogies: These analogies compare two things that have opposite meanings. For example, "hot is to cold as up is to down."Part-to-whole analogies: These analogies compare a part of something to the whole thing. For example, "wheelis to car as arm is to body."Object-to-function analogies: These analogies compare an object to its function. For example, "hammer is to nail as key is to lock."Analogies can be used for a variety of purposes, including:Communication: Analogies can be used to clarify ideas and make them easier to understand. For example, you could say "learning is to the mind as exercise is to the body" to explain that learning is important for mental health.Education: Analogies can be used to teach new concepts and reinforce existing ones. For example, you could use the analogy of a computer to explain how the human brain works.Problem-solving: Analogies can be used to solve problems by identifying similar situations and applying known solutions. For example, you could use the analogy of a traffic jam to solve a problem with a production line.中文回答：类比是一种将两种事物进行比较，找出相似点并得出推论的有力工具。

类比构词方式及其理据摘要：本文以典型理论为依据，从英语类比构词的语义构成、常见构成方式、语体特点几方面分析了类比构词。

类比构词法是指通过仿照原有的同类词创造出与之对应的词或近似词的构词方式。

这种构词手段反映出人们对事物某些特点的认识、比较、联想，因此主要属语义构词，其主要语体特点是生动形象、含蓄幽默、方便易懂。

类比构词是当今英语词汇发展与增加的重要途径之一，在构词中极具能产性。

关键词：典型理论；类比构词；语体特点随着社会的发展，英语词汇也不断地增加。

英语已成为世界5000多种语言中词汇量最大的语言之一。

英语词汇之所以如此丰富，除了从其他语言引进或借入外，一条重要的途径就是根据英语中一些单词的现有词根、词缀或构词成分，通过联想或推理类比不断仿造出新词语。

Eleanor Rosch等人（1973）提出了关于概念结构和功能的典型理论（pro- t otype theory）认为，概念是由一组必要和充分条件构成并由其原型来表征的，但人们在认识事物时很少用这些必要和充分的条件，而往往用该事物中最具典型特点的成员来指称这类事物。

典型成员具有特殊的地位，被视为该范畴的正式成员，非典型成员则根据其与典型成员的相似程度被赋予不同程度的非正式成员地位。

例如，在“鸟”的范畴内，“知更鸟”比其他的鸟更具代表性特征，常被视为典型成员，而“企鹅”、“驼鸟”等则为非典型成员。

因此可以说知更鸟也就成了鸟的“原型”。

当然，一个范畴的典型成员会因不同的人、文化、地理位置而有所不同，但在一个范畴中总能找到起代表作用的典型。

在类比构词中，类比成分与类比而成的词的关系是抽象与具体，属概念（speci es）与种概念(genus)，或上义(superordinate)和下义(subordinate)的关系，其构词成分已经抽象成为一个“原型”。

“原型”代表事物抽象化的典型特征，是最具典型的实例，是一种理想的认知模型。

如：-holic：沉湎于…的人，有…癖好的人，…迷（源自alcoholic：饮酒过度的人），类比而成的词：choc oholic, clotheaholic, colaholic, computerholic, creamholic, crediholic, f oodaholic, jadeaholic, milkaholic, shopaholic, spendaholic, workaholic 等。

类比法英语作文Using Analogical Reasoning in English Composition。

Analogical reasoning serves as a powerful tool in various aspects of life, including problem-solving, decision-making, and, notably, in the realm of English composition. Just as an artist draws inspiration from diverse sources to create a masterpiece, a writer can utilize analogies to enrich their compositions, making them more engaging and persuasive. In this article, we will explore the significance of analogical reasoning in English composition and how it enhances the effectiveness of written communication.Analogies, by their nature, draw parallels between two seemingly unrelated concepts, thereby shedding light on the unfamiliar by likening it to the familiar. In English composition, analogical reasoning operates on a similar principle, where writers employ comparisons to elucidate complex ideas or evoke specific emotions in their audience. For instance, describing the intensity of a storm as akin to a raging beast conveys a vivid image that resonates with readers, enabling them to grasp the magnitude of the situation more effectively than a plain description would.Furthermore, analogical reasoning aids in simplifying abstract or convoluted concepts by breaking them down into more relatable terms. Just as a teacher uses analogies to explain difficult subjects to students, writers can employ this technique to elucidate intricate ideas for their readers. For example, elucidating the concept of democracy by likening it to a communal decision-making process at a family dinner table makes the idea more accessible and comprehensible to a broader audience.Moreover, analogies serve as persuasive devices, allowing writers to sway their audience by appealing to their emotions and beliefs. By drawing parallels between a current issue and a historical event, writers can evoke empathy or indignation, compelling readers to align with their viewpoint. For instance, likening the plight of refugees to that of the Jews during the Holocaust invokes a sense of moral obligation in the audience, urging them to take action.In addition to enhancing clarity and persuasiveness, analogical reasoning fosters creativity in English composition. By encouraging writers to explore unconventional connections between disparate concepts, analogies inspire innovative approaches to conveying ideas. Just as a painter blends colors to create unique hues, writers fuse disparate elements to craft original analogies that captivate and engage their audience. This creative process not only enriches the writing but also stimulates intellectual curiosity and critical thinking skills in both the writer and the reader.However, it is essential to wield analogical reasoning judiciously in English composition, as excessive or inappropriate use can hinder comprehension and undermine credibility. Writers must ensure that their analogies are apt, relevant, and resonate with their audience to avoid confusion or misinterpretation. Moreover, overreliance on analogies may detract from the clarity and coherence of the writing, overshadowing the intended message with unnecessary embellishments.In conclusion, analogical reasoning plays a pivotal role in English composition by enhancing clarity, persuasiveness, and creativity. By drawing parallels between disparate concepts, writers illuminate complex ideas, simplify abstract concepts, and persuade their audience effectively. Moreover, analogies foster creativity, encouraging writers to explore innovative approaches to conveying their message. However, it is crucial for writers to exercise discretion in employing analogies to ensure that they augment, rather than detract from, the effectiveness of their compositions. Just as a skilled artist uses various techniques to bring their masterpiece to life, adept writers harness the power of analogical reasoning to craft compelling and impactful compositions.。

frendship英语作文类比手法some people say that friendship wind, like a cloud, as the years pass, it will slowly fade away.others said, the friendship, however, such as the sea, and through thetest of time, it will become deeper and more heavy.friendship is an intimate friendship, help each other to develop ideas, to success; and give a person with aggravation of hope and strength, add to the warmth of life.as the growth of the age, i gradually found that interpersonalrelationship is very complicated. whenever meet embarrassing, i always want to a problem: friendship really can forever?some people, the mouth moment to say: "for the sake of friendship can sacrifice everything." but quite differ to do and say. he is narrow-minded, once a friend gave him a joke, or where is misunderstood, will be opposite.true friendship is hard-won, so need more understanding between friends and love, let us common cultivation of the flower of friendship! irrigation it with pure soul, it with warm sunshine, let the friendship forever.everyone has his own think is the most precious thing: some people think that the most precious friendship; while some people believe that honesty is the most precious; also some people think that the care of others is the most precious... but in my opinion, friendship is the most precious thing, anything also can't replace it.on my birthday, my good friend lin lin came to me to her home to play. on the way to her, i secretly complacent: ha ha, she must know today is my birthday, so invite me to her home to play, then sing a "happy birthday" to me this song, and then gave me many nice present, and then share with me a big birthday cake, send you a message, be happy after the birthday... i still asleep in the middle of the "dream", was broken by a soul.but about beats to: "i wish you a happy birthday, lin lin!" when i heard those words, i suddenly thought of lin lin's birthday and i are on the same day. well, it doesn't seem that they are likely to celebrate my birthday.i looked at their pleasure, the in the mind very sad, i didn't think you don't care my birthday, only care about lin lin's birthday. i opened the linlin's door, is preparing to leave, heard the sound of a lily: "the gift,wait!" my heart is a pleased, they prepare to give me a birthday present? i decide to wait. but wait until 4 o 'clock in the afternoon, also see them to celebrate my birthday.i despair, such as after their good lin lin's birthday, i said also don't say left. that is, the house came the lily cries: "of course! the best program is left to the last! now, let's celebrate the gift of birthday!" at that time, my hands appeared many fine gifts, they give me through a happy birthday.since then, i know what is the most precious in the world: friendship.there is a kind of friendship is a friend to give you encouragement,there's a friendship is convinced that everyone of you and a friendship is to help others to you. friendship is to support our hearts of optimus prime, and let me know how important friendship is."shout, shout, shout." winds and get every tree all in all, the clouds sent to do a "golden bean" bump on the ground. a bolt of lightning like a sword cut the purple dark sky, make me feel creepy. jingle bell, the school bell has begun, the students with colourful umbrella with parents happily out of school. i think again: my mother told me she couldn't pick me up in the afternoon at noon and told me to his home, thought of here i took my umbrella to block rain to go home. but i put the bag upside down and still have not found a shade of an umbrella. i dull to look at the sky the thunder is rumbling thinking thought again: hurry to clear up! but to no avail, is really should not every day, pray to work! at this time a clear sound broke the silence, "xie yujie, didn't you carry an umbrella? you and me together and go home." my classmate said amiable, i embarrassed agreed. his umbrella on the way home has been on my side, the beans of rain straight into his, almost home his clothes wet a large, but he does not care. returned home after the moving moment thought of here i can't help but recall tearful buccal.ah! i finally know, this friendship has given me much help! the friendship gave me a warm, a little help, and trust. let me understand how important friendship is ah!friendship is essential for the existence of society. people live in munities and work in co-operation so that they could protect themselves from nature. the successful acplishment of any task calls for support from manypeople. it's the friends who are willing to help us. friendship is a guarantee of harmonious efforts.in the widest sense, all people are friends. people live in a mon society, co-operating and helping each other directly or indirectly all the time. from this respective, anyone could be a friend of others to a certain degree. and it's this kind of friendship that makes society harmonious though petition is universal.a friend in need is a friend indeed. unfortunately, people are so plex in the modern society due to various reasons. sometimes, we don't really know who are our real friends. adversity is the touchstone of friendship. that is to say, in hard times, it is easy for us to test whether the friendship is ture or not. no matter what happens, a true friend will never leave you alone and will always be with you.i value friendship in complex life, there are two points to keep in mind: to eat for survival, and soul need friendship. friendship is like colorful candy, always is permeated with in the heart.friend can encourage you to overcome difficulties, and can bring light to your life. sometimes, you have to be with your friends, say thank you, thank you for they have been in the accompany you. there are some people who abandoned his friend for money and power. so completely wrong!you should know: money and power to a temporary, and the true friendshipis a lifetime. i hope this sentence, become everyone's creed! for me, no friends, no everything to me! once upon a time, i have a very injury is rare. friends in my side support me, give me compassion, encourage and true love, i slowly happy. that makes me realize, how much i happiness and luck! without a friend, in my opinion, the one who is, won't be happy, not in adversity does not recognize friends. i will always cherish it from the bottom and thefriend's friendship.without friends, life is not worth living. but what kind of person can be accepted as friend? lots of people are classmates and aren't friends. lots of people are lovers but aren't friends. you can appreciate or admire someone, but that doesn't make them a friend. if their attitude is "for better or worse," if they stick with you through thick and thin, that's when you cantell it's friendship.the term, friend, covers a wide range of meanings. it can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a partner, a playmate, a brother, etc. as life isfull of obstacles and conflicts, we need friends to give us supports to get through tough times, we also need friends to give us warnings to go against danger. true friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow and difficulties.with friendship, life is happy and harmonious. without friendship, life is hostile and unfortunate. i have friends in the rank and file. some are richand in power. some are low and common. some are like myself, working as an ordinary teacher, reading and writing and content with the simple life. to many of my friends, i know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share, i will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends. i will not be cold and indifferent to the poor friends and will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.of our mixed life two quests are given control: food for the body, friendship for the soul. friendship, like colorful candy, always filled withthe people.friends can give you encouragement to overcome the difficulties and bring brightness to your life. sometimes, you may extend your gratitude to them for their being there with you.some people may forsake their friends in favor of money or power. that's absolutely wrong. you should know that money and power are temporary and that friends are everlasting .that should be everyone's creed. to me, without friends,i am nothing.there was a time when i was heart-broken. my friends stood by me andoffered continuous quantities of sympathy,encourage and love, which cheerd me up. then, i was aware that i was so blessed and lucky!in my opinion, no man can be happy without a friend, nor be sure of his friend till he is unhappy. i will cherish my friendship from the bottom of my heart.friendship is a kind of human relations. it is a human instinct to make friends.when in trouble, weneed friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. with success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys.friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy. it implies loyalty, cordiality, sympathy, affection,and readiness to help. no man can make the most of his life without carefully and conscientiously strivingto win the right kind of friends as he goes along.knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends. real friends are those who have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart. real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.while making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualities. then we should treat our friends with courtesy, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them,and not to ridicule their proceedings. we should forgive their failures and do our best to help the in short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds. only thus, can we develop real friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life.everyone needs friendship. no one can sail the ocean of life single handed. we need help from, and also give help to, others. in the modern age, people attach more importance to relations and connections. a man of charisma has many friends. his power lies in his ability to give.the term, friend, covers a wide range of raeanings. it can be a nodding acquaintance, a comrade, a confident, a partner, a playmate, a brother, an intimate etc.as life is full of strife and conflict, we need friends tosupport and help as out of difficulties. our frinods give us warnings against danger. true friends share not only joy but, more often than not, they share sorrow.with friendship, life is happy and harmonious. without friendship, life is hostile and unfortunate. i have friends in the rank and file. some are richand in power. some are low and common. some are like myself, working as a teacher, reading and writing and content with the simple life we have. to many of my friends, i know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share, i will never forget my old friends and keep making new friends. i will not hecold and indifferent to the poor friends and will show concern for them, evenif it is only a comforting word.friendship is a term used to describe cooperative and supportivebehaviours between two or more humans. there are different kinds of friendships.in an interpersonal interaction, friendship is a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, and affection. friends will welcome each other's company and exhibit loyalty towards each other, of ten to the point of respect. their tastes will usually be similar and may converge, and they will share enjoyable activities.a group of friends consists of two or more people who are in a mutually pleasing relationship expressing a sentiment of camaraderie and mutual trust. there are varying degrees of closeness between friends. thus, some people choose to differentiate and categorize friendships based on this sentiment.friendship will engage in mutually helping behaviours, such as exchange of advice and the sharing of hardship. a friend is someone who may often demonstrate reciprocating and reflective behaviours. often time, friendship is nothing more than the trust. value that is found in friendships is often the result of a friend demonstrating on a consistent basis.i enjoy making friends and being friendly!one's life without friendship, however, and there are a few people to have a sincere friendship?"all good things must come to an end," there are some things, only lost, just know to cherish. friendship is not like this? although some people look made many friends, but how many sincere friends?in your life, if can make some sincere friends, even one, in your difficulties, also won't feel lonely, because, have a bosom friend abiding by for you, at least, you have the confidence to overcome difficulties. khalil gibran once said: "and you laughed together, you may forget it; but people cried with you, but you never forget." the man who can share the joys and sorrows with you is the most sincere friend.i also have a sincere friend, and she together, i can feel warm, happy, happy. to her, i learned to understanding, tolerance.once we quarreled, at that time, i was very angry, i do not understand, so many years friends, why not let me, but i never thought of her feelings, only know others to patronize me, but i don't know should to understand other people. finally, she apologized to me, after the event, i really very ashamed.no matter what you say, a sincere friend, you will get a beautiful sky!friends play an important role in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted. we often don't clearly understand how we make friends. while we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a few --for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. in all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy bening together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary largely. as we get to know people we take into account things like age, race, economic conditions, social positions and intelligence. although these factors are of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.in a word, good friendship can make your future life more colorful and beautiful, if you want to own a good friendship, please try as i said. good luck.thank you.friendships are relaxed, loyal relationships that involve intimacy, communication, and empathy. friendship is a relief. friends relate. friendship is an in-depth, relaxed relationship!it is an in-depth relationship combining trust, support, communication, loyalty, understanding, empathy, and intimacy.these are certainly aspects of life that all of us crave. being able to trust and relax with your friend is a big part of friendship. remember when you were young and went with a friend to her grandma's for the week-end. it was fun but when you got home, home was wonderful. your feeling was "i'm home.i can relax now."that's what a friendship should be. you go out into the world and do your best. you have your ups and downs, your problems and triumphs, your fun and tribulations. you charm and you perforthen you come "home" to a friend. you can relax, put up your feet; you are relieved. if you still have to be charming and/or performing, it's not a relief. friendship is a comfy situation like home. you get home, kick off your shoes, relax and sigh, "ahh, home."。

运用类比的英语作文范文第1篇The black man's soul was full of calluses, and it was more and more difficult to hurt him. This is a simple natural law, just like the calluses on the feet. The ss are too tight.The feet are natural. The ss are worn by people. Tight ss can pinch your feet and make you scream.Sooner or later, if you don't take off your ss, a calluses will form on your feet and start to wear them, just like black American ss. The white man's system has been pinching, rubbing, squeezing his soul until it almost destroyed his soul, but it did not, now a co has formed on his soul, unless the system can adapt to him, the co will wear the system, now a co has formed on his soul, unless the system can adapt to him, otherwise the co will wear away It is unrealistic to expect individual countries to make the necessary sacrifices to protect international energy resources independently. If we want to protect the world's energy resources for future generations, leadership and global cooperation are essential.Another reason for the need for international efforts is that other issues of an international nature also require global cooperation, such as whether each country independently recognizes the folly of nuclear weapons proliferation and voluntarily disarms, rather than just through an international effort, which is mainly based on the coercion of powerful leaders against detractors and calls for their own interests. Do we For the same reason, that is, individual countries obstruct the efforts of the international community, and some progress has been made. It has been proved that drug trafficking is largely futile, because without similar international efforts, energy conservation issues transcend national boundaries. Either all countries must cooperate or all countries will eventually suffer Tagore's pain - her eager face haunts my dream, just like you The night rain as you walk around the house the woman serves your limbs like a mountain stream singing among the pebbles the touch of the nameless day is like moss around the old tree arguing and debating applied induction hasty induction wrong ogy.中文翻译：这个黑人的灵魂上长满了老茧，伤害他越来越难了。

英语类比构词类比构词(Word-Formation by Analogy )是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式.其构词特点是,以某个同类词为模式,在语义上进行联想类比,替换其中某个词素,构造出与之对应或类似的新词来.例如,work aholic(工作迷)系仿alcoholic(嗜酒者)而造,而seajack(海上劫持)和skyjack(空中劫持)则是类比h ijack (拦路抢劫)而成,故都属类比词.从原形词与类比词的联系来看,英语类比构词大致可分以下三大类:一.数字,色彩类比先看数字类比,例如,美国总统夫人在英语中称First Lady(第一夫人),通过该词美国人又联想类比出Fist Family(第一家庭).First Mother(第一母亲)等词.就连总统的爱犬也身价倍增,获得了First Do g(第一狗)的殊荣,可谓一人得道,鸡犬升天. 再看色彩类比,例如,Black Power (黑人权力)最初是美国黑人在争取自身权力斗争中提出的政治口号,后为美国其他少数种族所借用.为了反歧视争平等.印第安人提出了Red Power,美籍墨西哥人也提出了BrownPower.另外,老年人为维护自身权益则提出Gray Powe r.美国英语中还因美元为绿色钞票而类比出green power一词,借指"金钱的力量".green power虽与上述种种Power风马牛不相及,但同属色彩类比,甚是有趣,亦含幽默.再看一例,较早出现的blue-collar (蓝领阶层的)和white-collar(白领阶层的)分别指"体力工作者的"和"脑力工作者的",稍后产生的pink-colla r(粉领阶层的)和gray-collar(灰领阶层的),则分别指"典型女性职业工作者的"和"维修保养行业工作者的".近年来,又有两个新的英语类比词问世,即gold-collar (金领阶层的)和bright-collar(亮领阶层的), 分别表示"高级专业人士的"和"电脑及通讯专业人士的".二.反义,对义类比这方面英语类比词数目不少,俯拾可得.例如,nightmare (梦魇—daymare(昼魇),brain-drain(人材流失)—brain-gain(人材流入),flashback(倒叙)—flash-forward(超前叙述),high- tech(高技术的)—low-tech(低技术的),等等.在这方面,有些类比词来得有趣,仿造奇特.例如man Friday源于小说《鲁滨逊飘流记》,指主人公于星期五救出的一个土人,后成其忠仆,故名.该词进入英语词汇后泛指"忠实的仆人"或"得力的助手".后来出现的girl Friday一词系仿此而造, 专指"忠实的女仆"或"得力的女助手".又如,boycott(联合抵制) 一词的来历可追溯到19世纪末.当年在爱尔兰的梅奥郡有个地主名叫Charles CunnighamBoycott,他压榨佃农,灾年拒不减租,结果激起公愤. 全郡居民联合行动,拒绝与他往来,迫使他逃离本地.此事成了报刊上的头号新闻,Boycott姓氏不胫而走,成为"联合抵制"的代用语,并为法语, 德语, 西班牙语等欧洲语言所借用.最为有趣的是,人们将本为姓氏的boycott中的"boy"视为与girl相对应的boy(男子)一词, 故意加以错误类比,仿造出girlcott一词,用作"妇女界联合抵制"之意.三.近似情形类比在英语类比词中,这部分词为数最多.例如,Olympiad(奥运会)—Asiad(亚运会),ba-by-sit(临时代人照看孩子)—house-sit(临时代人照看房子),escalator(自动扶手电梯)—travolator (设在机场等处的自动人行道), chain- smoke (一支接一支地抽烟)—chain-drink(一杯接一杯地喝酒或饮料),hum an rights(人权)—animal rights(动物权), hunger strike (绝食罢工或抗议)—sleep strike(绝眠罢工或抗议),boat people (乘船出逃的难民)—land people(陆路出逃的难民),等等,数目众多,不胜枚举.有时英语里还发出连锁类比现象,以某原形词为模式仿造出一系列类比词来,令人叹为观止.例如,从ma rathon(马拉松赛跑)一词中类比出的新词就有好几个:walkathon(步行马拉松),talkathon(马拉松式冗长演说),telethon(马拉松式电视节目),sellathon (马拉松式推销).又如,以racism(种族歧视)为模式类比出的新词为数也不少;sexism(性别歧视),ageism(对老年人的歧视),ableism (对残疾人的歧视),fattism(对胖子的歧视),alphabetism(对姓氏按首字母顺序排列在后面的人的歧视).-ism实际已成为表歧视之义的后缀.再如,hamburger(汉堡包)这个词的类比也很有趣,它用作食物名本源于地名,但人们有意进行错误类比,将该词中的"ham"理解为"火腿",并据此仿造出一系列新词,用以指称类似汉堡包, 夹有各种馅子的食品,如fishburger, cheeseburger ,nutburger,beefburger,soyburger等.在现代英语中,类比构词一直很活跃.由于它合乎人们思维习惯,操作简便,故在百姓口语,报刊文章里均有运用,加之构词范围广,因而新词语不断涌现,层出不穷.科技的发展常产生新的英语类比词.例如,EQ(情商)是当前颇流行的心理学新概念,该词系仿IQ(智商)而造,指一个人控制自己情绪,承受外来压力,保持心理平衡的能力.航天技术的发展也为英语增添了一些类比词,例如, sunrise (日出)—earthrise (地出);earthquake(地震)—moonquake(月震),star quake (星震),youthquake(青年动乱).我们发现有趣的是,在后一组词的类比过程中,人们从地球联想到太空,然后思路一转,又回到地球上的美国社会.政治运动及社会生活亦是英语类比构词的另一重要来源.二十世纪60年代时,美国黑人曾掀起大规模的反种族隔离运动.当时黑人举行的室内静坐示威叫sit-in.随着运动的深入与扩大,黑人纷纷进入原先严禁他们入内的各种公共场所表示抗议,以verb+in为模式仿造的新词随之大量出现.黑人与白人同乘一车叫ride- in,到白人游泳池游泳叫swim-in,进白人图书馆阅读叫read-in,入白人教堂做礼拜叫pray-in.后来,-in的含义又扩展到其它内容或方式的抗议示威活动上.例如,camp-in(露营示威),sign-in(签名示威),talk -in(演讲示威),mail-in(邮寄示威),lie-in(卧街示威),lock-in(占驻示威),laugh-in(哄笑示威),stall-in(阻塞交通示威),turn-in (退还征兵令示威).凡此种种,不一而足,英语类比构词的活跃性和创造性,由此可见一斑.。

英语类比构词趣谈摘要：类比构词（word-formation by analogy ）是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。

其构词特点是，以某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之对应或类似的新词来。

关键词：类比构词；模式；类比中图分类号：g632 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1002-7661（2012）21-025-01类比构词（word-formation by analogy ）是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。

其构词特点是，以某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之对应或类似的新词来。

例如，work aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造，而seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）则是类比hijack（拦路抢劫）而成，故都属类比词。

从原形词与类比词的联系来看，英语类比构词大致可分以下三大类：一、数字、色彩类比先看数字类比，例如，美国总统夫人在英语中称first lady（第一夫人），通过该词美国人又联想类比出fist family（第一家庭）。

first mother（第一母亲）等词。

就连总统的爱犬也身价倍增，获得了first dog（第一狗）的殊荣，可谓一人得道，鸡犬升天。

再看色彩类比，例如，black power （黑人权力）最初是美国黑人在争取自身权力斗争中提出的政治口号，后为美国其他少数种族所借用。

为了反歧视争平等。

印第安人提出了red power，美籍墨西哥人也提出了brownpower。

另外，老年人为维护自身权益则提出gray power.美国英语中还因美元为绿色钞票而类比出green power一词，借指“金钱的力量”。

green power虽与上述种种power风马牛不相及，但同属色彩类比，甚是有趣，亦含幽默。

再看一例，较早出现的blue-collar （蓝领阶层的）和white-collar（白领阶层的）分别指“体力工作者的”和“脑力工作者的”，稍后产生的pink-collar（粉领阶层的）和gray-collar（灰领阶层的），则分别指“典型女性职业工作者的”和“维修保养行业工作者的”。

英语类比在新词构成过程的规律和作用The process of new word formation in any language is a fascinating and complex one, involving various linguistic mechanisms and principles. One such linguistic mechanism that plays a crucial role in this process is analogy. Analogy, in the context of language, refers to the formation of new words or expressions based on the existing patterns or structures in the language. This process allows language users to create new words or expressions that are similar in form and meaning to existing ones, thus expanding the lexical repertoire of the language.In the context of new word formation, analogy can manifest in various ways. One common form of analogy is the creation of new words by adding affixes (prefixes or suffixes) to existing root words. For example, the word "unhappy" is formed by adding the prefix "un-" to the root word "happy," creating a new word with a similar meaning but a different connotation. This type of analogy is often used to create new words that convey a sense of negation, opposition, or reversal of the original meaning.Another form of analogy in new word formation is the creation of compound words. Compound words are formed by combining two or more existing words to create a new word with a distinct meaning. For instance, the word "bookshelf" is formed by combining the words "book" and "shelf," creating a new word that refers to a piece of furniture used to store books. This type of analogy allows language users to create new words that convey a specific concept or idea by combining familiar elements.Analogy can also be observed in the process of blending, where two or more words are combined to form a new word that incorporates elements of the original words. For example, the word "brunch" is a blend of the words "breakfast" and "lunch," creating a new word that refers to a meal that combines elements of both. This type of analogy is often used to create new words that capture a specific concept or experience that is not adequately represented by a single existing word.The role of analogy in new word formation is not limited to these examples. Analogy can also be observed in the creation of new words through the process of clipping, where a longer word is shortened to create a new, more concise form. For instance, the word "lab" is a clipped form of the word "laboratory," and the word "phone" is a clipped form of the word "telephone." This type of analogy allows language users to create new words that are moreefficient and easier to use in everyday communication.Furthermore, analogy can be observed in the creation of new words through the process of back-formation, where a new word is created by removing an apparent affix from an existing word. For example, the word "edit" is a back-formation of the word "editor," and the word "babysit" is a back-formation of the word "babysitter." This type of analogy allows language users to create new words that are more closely aligned with the underlying root or stem of the original word.The role of analogy in new word formation is not limited to the creation of new words. Analogy can also play a significant role in the way that new words are used and understood within a language. For example, when a new word is introduced, language users may draw analogies to existing words or expressions in order to understand the meaning and usage of the new word. This process of analogical reasoning can help language users to quickly integrate new words into their lexical repertoire and use them effectively in communication.Moreover, analogy can also influence the way that new words are perceived and accepted within a language community. If a new word is perceived as being too "different" or not following the established patterns of the language, it may be less readily accepted bylanguage users. Conversely, if a new word is perceived as being similar to existing words or following established patterns, it may be more readily accepted and integrated into the language.In conclusion, the role of analogy in the process of new word formation is a crucial and multifaceted one. Analogy allows language users to create new words that are similar in form and meaning to existing ones, expanding the lexical repertoire of the language. It also plays a significant role in the way that new words are understood, used, and accepted within a language community. As such, the study of analogy in new word formation is an important area of linguistic research, with implications for our understanding of language evolution, language change, and the cognitive processes underlying language use.。

类比总结英语作文Analogical Reasoning in English Essay WritingThe art of essay writing is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a deep understanding of language, structure, and the ability to convey ideas effectively. One of the key strategies employed in crafting a compelling essay is the use of analogical reasoning. This approach allows writers to draw connections between seemingly disparate concepts, creating a rich tapestry of ideas that captivates the reader's attention.At the heart of analogical reasoning lies the recognition that similarities can be found in the most unexpected places. By identifying these parallels, writers can construct bridges between abstract concepts and concrete examples, making complex ideas more accessible and relatable. This technique not only enhances the clarity of the essay but also adds depth and nuance to the overall argument.Consider the process of essay writing itself as an analogy. Much like a skilled architect designing a building, the essayist must carefully plan the structure of their work, laying a solid foundation anderecting sturdy walls to support the weight of their ideas. Just as an architect must consider the flow of foot traffic and the placement of windows and doors, the essayist must thoughtfully arrange their paragraphs and sentences to guide the reader through the narrative.Furthermore, the act of writing an essay can be likened to a journey, with the introduction serving as the starting point and the conclusion as the final destination. Along the way, the writer must navigate a series of obstacles and challenges, much like a traveler traversing unfamiliar terrain. Just as a skilled navigator must read the terrain and adjust their course accordingly, the essayist must be adept at anticipating and addressing counterarguments, providing supporting evidence, and maintaining a cohesive flow of ideas.Analogies can also be drawn between the essay and the natural world. The introduction, for instance, can be seen as the seed that germinates and grows into the full-fledged essay, with each subsequent paragraph representing a new branch or leaf that adds to the overall structure. The body paragraphs, then, become the nourishing soil that supports the essay's development, while the conclusion serves as the blossom that showcases the writer's final insights and conclusions.In a similar vein, the essay can be likened to a musical composition, with the introduction as the opening notes, the body paragraphs asthe verses and choruses, and the conclusion as the grand finale. Just as a skilled musician must master the art of harmony and rhythm, the essayist must command the nuances of language, tone, and pacing to create a captivating and harmonious piece.Analogical reasoning also allows writers to draw connections between their own experiences and the broader themes or concepts they are exploring in their essays. By drawing upon personal anecdotes or observations, writers can add a layer of authenticity and relatability to their work, making it more engaging and memorable for the reader.For instance, a writer exploring the theme of perseverance in an essay might draw an analogy between their own struggles to overcome a challenging obstacle and the perseverance of a historical figure or literary character. This not only strengthens the writer's argument but also invites the reader to empathize and connect with the essay on a deeper level.In conclusion, the use of analogical reasoning in essay writing is a powerful tool that allows writers to bridge the gap between the abstract and the concrete, to create cohesive and compelling narratives, and to engage the reader on a more personal level. By embracing this approach, essayists can elevate their writing to new heights, captivating their audience and leaving a lasting impression.。

如何巧妙地运用英语中的比喻和类比英语是一门丰富多彩的语言，其中比喻和类比是一种常见的修辞手法。

通过比喻和类比，我们可以用形象生动的方式表达观点，增强语言的表达力。

然而，要巧妙地运用比喻和类比，并不是一件容易的事情。

本文将探讨如何在英语中巧妙地运用比喻和类比，以提升语言表达的魅力。

首先，比喻是通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行类比来表达观点。

比喻可以使语言更加形象生动，使读者或听众更容易理解和接受观点。

比如，我们可以说：“他的笑容如阳光一般灿烂。

”这个比喻将笑容与阳光进行了类比，使人们能够感受到笑容的美好和温暖。

在运用比喻时，我们可以借鉴一些常见的比喻，如“如鱼得水”、“百花齐放”等，也可以创造自己独特的比喻，使语言更富有个性和创意。

其次，类比是通过将一个事物与另一个事物进行相似性的比较来表达观点。

类比可以帮助我们将抽象的概念转化为具体的形象，使观点更加具体明了。

例如，我们可以说：“学习就像爬山一样，需要坚持不懈和克服困难。

”这个类比将学习与爬山进行了比较，使人们能够理解学习的艰辛和需要付出的努力。

在运用类比时，我们可以选择一些与观点相关的事物进行比较，以增强表达的准确性和说服力。

然而，要巧妙地运用比喻和类比，并不仅仅是简单地将两个事物进行比较。

我们需要注意以下几点：首先，比喻和类比应该是有意义的。

比喻和类比应该能够突出观点的重点和特点，使观点更加鲜明和有力。

如果比喻和类比与观点无关或者不恰当，就会削弱语言的表达力。

因此，在运用比喻和类比时，我们应该深入思考观点的本质和特点，选择合适的比喻和类比进行表达。

其次，比喻和类比应该是易于理解的。

比喻和类比的目的是为了使观点更加易于理解和接受。

如果比喻和类比过于复杂或晦涩，就会使观点难以被理解和接受。

因此，在运用比喻和类比时，我们应该选择简单明了的比喻和类比，避免过度夸张或使用过于生僻的词汇。

最后，比喻和类比应该是真实可信的。

比喻和类比是一种修辞手法，但并不意味着可以随意夸大或虚构事实。

英语类比词汇趣谈作者：王芳来源：《新一代》2012年第05期摘要：类比——严格地来说，用于指出同一范畴的事物之间或者几个人之间的相似之处。

类比构词（Word-Formation by Analogy）是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。

英语中的来比词在现代英语中呈上升的趋势，其构词方法就是根据某些现有的词形或仿照出与其对应或近似的词。

仿照原有的同类词仿照出与其对应或近似的词是类比构词的特点。

类比词似乎也具有很强的构词力，能构建出许许多多的新词。

根据已有的资料对类比词的分类，笔者通过对其的观察，对其提出了两种不同的分类：根据其类比词的数量将其分为：一对一类比与连锁式类比；根据感情色彩将其分为积极类比、中立类比以及消极类比三大类。

关键词：类比构词；一对一类比；连锁式类比；积极类比；消极类比中图分类号：G630 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-2851（2012）05-0021-01类比——严格地来说，用于指出同一范畴的事物之间或者几个人之间的相似之处。

类比构词（Word-Formation by Analogy）是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。

类比在文学性、应用性甚至学术性的语言中都被广泛运用,其魅力主要在于它可以使讲述更具体、更形象、更生动、更容易理解、更容易接受。

把握类比的作用机制,我们可以通过五个基本步骤创作类比,使表达产生更好的效果。

类比构词（Word—Formation by Analogy）是英语中一种而又实用的构词方式。

其构词特点是一某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之相对应或类似的新词来。

例如：Himbo（草包美男子）←——bimbo（姑娘）Herstory（妇女历史）←——history（历史）Daylight（白天兼职）←——moonlight以上例子都属于从原有词汇中类比出一个新词，如由bimbo（姑娘）类比出himbo草包美男子，由history(历史)类比出herstory妇女历史。

英语新词的发展与变化摘要：时代在变化，科技在发展，英语词汇中出现了大量新词和新义。

这同样也及时、客观地反映了现实世界中政治经济文化等各个方面的变化。

英语词汇通过派生法、复合法、类比构词法、对比构词法、转化法、缩略法、逆构法、旧词新意、借词等方式迅速发展变化。

新词数量增多，形式趋向简洁，来源多种多样。

关键词：英语新词汇派生法英语词汇发展迅速，尤其是二结束以来，时代在变化，科技在发展，英语词汇中出现了大量新词、新义，及时、客观地反映了现实世界中政治经济文化等各个方面的变化。

本文将探求英语词汇的发展原因及发展途径，从而对英语词汇的发展趋势进行预测。

一、英语词汇的发展原因语言是随着社会的发展而不断发展和丰富的。

20世纪50年以来随着新事物、新思想和新认识的出现，人们发现原有的词汇已经不能适应新的需要，于是就开始创造许多新词新义。

这在一定程度上反映了当代西方社会各个领域的现状。

1．科学技术突飞猛进当前，计算机技术和通讯产业日新月异，这个领域的新词汇不断涌现。

例如有速度极快、功率超强的超级计算机(supercomputer)、台式计算机(desktop)、便携式计算机(laptop/lunchbox/notebook)、笔触式计算机(pen/penputer/pentop/notepad)以及掌式计算机或掌中宝(palmtop)等。

因特网风靡全球，表示计算机网络的前缀“cyber-”正活跃，如网吧(cybercafé)、网络空间(cyberspace)、网上聊天(cyberchat)，生命科学的新名词克隆(clone)，另外还有遗传工程学(genetic engineering)、基因指纹鉴定(genetic fingerprinting)等。

最近，纳米技术(nm: nanometer/nanoscale technology)也正在走红。

2．社会、政治、经济生活变化无穷二战结束以来，全球的政治、经济形势变化多端，社会生活日新月异，英语新词汇层出不穷。

运用类比对比的作文开头英文回答：Comparing and contrasting is a valuable method of analysis that allows us to examine the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. This approach can be particularly useful when trying to understand complex concepts or when making decisions. By identifying similarities, we can find common ground and make connections, while by highlighting differences, we can better understand unique characteristics and make informed choices.中文回答：比较和对比是一种有价值的分析方法，它可以让我们检查两个或更多主题之间的相似之处和差异之处。

这种方法在理解复杂概念或做出决策时特别有用。

通过识别相似之处，我们可以找到共同点并建立联系，而通过强调差异，我们可以更好地理解独特的特点并做出明智的选择。

英文回答：Using analogy as a tool for comparison and contrast can further enhance our understanding of the subjects under examination. Analogies draw parallels between different concepts or situations, allowing us to see similarities and differences in a more tangible and relatable way. Byfinding familiar examples or using metaphors, we can bridge the gap between abstract ideas and concrete examples, making it easier for us to grasp the essence of what we are comparing.中文回答：使用类比作为比较和对比的工具可以进一步增强我们对所研究主题的理解。

比喻类比开头的作文英文回答：Metaphors and analogies are powerful tools in communication as they help to convey complex ideas and concepts in a more relatable and understandable way. By using familiar and everyday examples, metaphors and analogies make it easier for the audience to grasp the intended message.For example, let's say I want to explain the concept of perseverance. I could use the metaphor of climbing a mountain. I would describe how climbing a mountain requires physical strength, mental endurance, and a strong determination to reach the summit. I could then relate this to real-life situations, such as studying for exams or working towards a long-term goal. By comparing the challenges faced in these situations to climbing a mountain, I can effectively convey the idea of perseverance and the importance of not giving up.Another example is using the analogy of a puzzle to explain problem-solving. I would describe how solving a puzzle involves analyzing different pieces, identifying patterns, and finding the right fit. I could then relatethis to problem-solving in everyday life, such as finding solutions to complex issues at work or resolving conflictsin personal relationships. By using the analogy of a puzzle, I can help the audience understand the step-by-step process of problem-solving and emphasize the importance of patience and critical thinking.Metaphors and analogies not only make communicationmore engaging and interesting, but they also help to bridge the gap between abstract ideas and concrete examples. They allow us to tap into the power of storytelling and connect with others on a deeper level. Whether it's explaining complex scientific concepts, motivating others, or simply making a point, metaphors and analogies are invaluabletools in effective communication.中文回答：比喻和类比是沟通中的强大工具，它们能够以更易于理解的方式传达复杂的思想和概念。

英语作文类比Title: Navigating Life's Journey: A Comparison to Sailing。

Life is often likened to a journey, filled with twists and turns, challenges, and moments of triumph. In this analogy, one can draw parallels between life's voyage and the art of sailing. Both require skill, adaptability, and a willingness to navigate through uncertain waters. Let's explore how life mirrors the experience of sailing.Firstly, just as a sailor charts a course beforesetting sail, individuals often set goals and aspirations for themselves. These goals act as guiding stars, providing direction and purpose to one's journey. Whether it's achieving academic success, pursuing a career, or nurturing relationships, having clear objectives helps individuals stay focused amidst life's turbulence.Moreover, like a sailor constantly adjusting the sailsto catch the wind, individuals must adapt to the ever-changing circumstances they encounter. Life, like the sea, can be unpredictable. Unexpected challenges, setbacks, and opportunities arise, requiring flexibility and resilience. Those who can adjust their approach, learn from setbacks, and capitalize on opportunities are better equipped to navigate the complexities of life's journey.Furthermore, just as sailors rely on navigational tools and instruments to steer their course, individuals rely on their values, beliefs, and experiences to guide their decisions. These internal compasses serve as moral guides, helping individuals navigate ethical dilemmas and make choices aligned with their principles. Whether it's choosing between right and wrong or determining one's priorities, having a strong moral foundation is essential for navigating life's moral waters.Additionally, sailing teaches us the importance of teamwork and collaboration. A successful voyage often requires the coordinated efforts of a skilled crew, each contributing their unique strengths and expertise.Similarly, in life, individuals rely on the support of family, friends, mentors, and colleagues to overcome challenges and achieve their goals. Building strong relationships and cultivating a supportive network can make the journey more fulfilling and rewarding.Moreover, both sailing and life demand perseverance and determination. There are moments of calm seas and smooth sailing, but there are also storms and rough waters that test one's resolve. It's during these challenging timesthat one's true character is revealed. Those who persevere, stay resilient, and refuse to abandon ship are often rewarded with personal growth and inner strength.Lastly, just as sailors celebrate reaching their destination after a long voyage, individuals celebrate milestones and achievements in their own lives. Whetherit's landing a dream job, graduating from school, or starting a family, these milestones mark significant moments in one's journey and serve as reminders of how far they've come.In conclusion, life's journey can be aptly compared to the art of sailing. Both require careful planning, adaptability, moral guidance, teamwork, perseverance, and celebration of milestones. By embracing these parallels and navigating life's waters with skill and determination, individuals can chart a course towards a fulfilling and meaningful existence. Just as a skilled sailor conquers the seas, so too can individuals conquer the challenges and uncertainties of life's voyage.。

运用类比的英语作文引言在学习英语写作时，类比是一种常用的修辞手法。

通过将一个概念或对象与另一个概念或对象进行比较，我们可以更好地理解并表达我们的观点。

本文将介绍如何在英语作文中运用类比，以提高文笔和表达能力。

类比的定义和作用类比是一种修辞手法，通过将两个相似的事物进行比较，以帮助读者更好地理解作者的观点。

通过类比，我们可以将一个抽象的概念或一个陌生的事物与一个已知的事物进行比较，从而使读者能够更容易地理解和接受我们的观点。

类比的作用不仅仅是为了说明问题，它还可以增加文章的趣味性和可读性。

通过合理的类比，读者可以更好地理解作者的观点，并从中获得更多的启发和思考。

如何运用类比选择恰当的类比对象选择恰当的类比对象是使用类比的第一步。

一个好的类比应该具有以下特点：•与要比较的对象有一定的相似性•容易理解的对象，读者能够轻松地与之建立联系•与文章主题相关的对象，能够更好地说明问题清晰地表达类比关系在使用类比时，我们应该清晰地表达类比关系，并确保读者能够理解并接受这个类比。

以下是一些常用的表达类比关系的方式：•“A就像B一样”：通过直接比较两个对象的相似之处来建立类比关系。

•“A可以被比作B”：通过将一个对象比作另一个对象来建立类比关系。

•“A与B类似”：通过指出两个对象之间的相似之处来建立类比关系。

注意类比的局限性虽然类比是一种有用的修辞手法，但我们也应该意识到类比的局限性。

类比只能说明事物之间的相似之处，而不能说明其所有的特点和属性。

因此，在使用类比时，我们应该注意不要过分夸大类比的作用，以免产生误导或误解。

类比的实际应用在描述人物时使用类比通过将一个人物与一个已知的角色进行类比，我们可以更好地描述一个人的特点和个性。

例如，我们可以说某人的勤奋和毅力使他就像一只蜜蜂一样努力工作。

这样的类比可以让读者更好地了解这个人的性格，并对他的行为有更深入的理解。

在解释概念时使用类比有时，一些抽象的概念对于读者来说可能很难理解。

类比作文模板英语英文回答：Analogy Essay Template。

Introduction。

Begin with a hook to capture the reader's attention.State the analogy you will be analyzing.Provide background information on the terms in the analogy.Body Paragraph 1。

Explain the relationship between the first pair of terms in the analogy.Provide specific examples to illustrate the connection.Use transition words to guide the reader through your explanation.Body Paragraph 2。

Analyze the relationship between the second pair of terms in the analogy.Provide examples and evidence to support your analysis.Explain how this relationship is similar to ordifferent from the relationship in the first pair.Body Paragraph 3 (Optional)。

If needed, provide a third body paragraph to further explore the analogy.Consider examining a different aspect of the relationship or comparing it to another analogy.Conclusion。