同位语从句

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1 同位语从句

一、定义:在句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。

二、用法:同位语从句常常用于一个抽象名词之后(如:fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等),对这个名词的具体所指或具体内容进行说明。

三、构成:从属连词+陈述句

四、引导同位语从句的从属连词分为四类(引导同位语从句的从属连词与引导主语从句的从属连词基本相同):

1. 从属连词that, that没实义,也不在从句中充当任何句子成分,但不可省略。如:The news that Jim has passed the exam is so

exciting. Jim通过考试的消息令人如此兴奋。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来?

2. 从属连词whether,不可用if,意为“是否”,只起连接作用,不充当从句的任何成分,但不可省略。如:I have no idea whether

he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否会来。

3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等,有各自的实际词义,既起引导从句、连接主从句的作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,当不能省略。The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

4. 连接副词where, when, why, how等,有各自的实际词义,既起引导从句、连接主从句的作用,又在从句中充当表语或状语,当然也不能省略。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没决定。 The question how he did it was raised. 他如何做此事,这个问题被提到了。

五、几点注意: 1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之间的区别:

句法功能 意义

that引导的同位语从句 that只起连接作用,无实义;不充当从句任何成分;不可省略 补充、说明

that引导的定语从句 that代替先行词在从句中既起连接作用又在从句中充当成分(主、宾或表);只当它在从句中作宾语时才可省略。 修饰、限定

如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English is true. 李先生将成为我们新英语老师的消息是真的。

(同位语从句,从属连词that只起连接作用,没实义,但不可省略。)

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

(定语从句,从属连词(关系代词)that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略。)

2. when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:They

put forward the question where they should get the money. (同位语从句) This is the place where the accident happened. (定语从句)

.3. 一些表示“坚持、建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中,谓语动词须用虚拟语气的谓语形式should+动词原形表示,其中should可以省略。如:Our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible is being considered. 我们唯一的请求:尽快解决这个问题正被考虑。

六、练习: (一)单项选择

1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which

2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why

3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when

4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D. it

5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D. /

6. I’ve come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won’t be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which

7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that

8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what

9. The nurse are trying their best to reduce the patient’s fear ____ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which

10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when

(二)用同位语从句翻译以下句子

1. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所以的人不安。 2. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

3. 他们在调查那个男人是否值得信赖这个问题。 4. 她表达了将来有一天她们能来中国的美好愿望。

5. 我们应该仔细讨论一下这个问题,我们是否真的能干这件事。 6. 他们在会议上提出了该去哪里筹钱的问题。

7. 我们听说了他们已经搬入新房的消息。 8. 卡扎菲(Qaddafi)被杀死的消息震惊了全世界。

9. 我不知道我们可以用这些废料来干什么。 10. 有消息说我被那家公司招聘了。