语言学复习试题及答案
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. 语言学 复习试题及参考答案
I. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement (20 x1)
1. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness
2. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all
the members of a speech community.
A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language
3. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying”a feature of a sequential
phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.
A. identical B. same C. exactly alike D. similar
4. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.
The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _______.
A. phonetic components B. immediate constituents
C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features
5. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.
A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme
6. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.
A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic
7. Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional
8. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite
9. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.
A. the conceptualist view B. contexutalism
C. the naming theory D. behaviourism
10. “Alive” and “dead” are ______________.
A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites
C. complementary antonyms D. None of the above
11. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning
_________ is considered.
A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context
12. __________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence
of, or the change brought about by the utterance.
A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act
C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act
13. Language change is ______________.
A. universal, continuous and, to a large extent, regular and systematic
B. continuous, regular, systematic, but not universal
C. universal, continuous, but not regular and systematic
D. always regular and systematic, but not universal and continuous
14. In Old and Middle English, both /k/ and /n/ in the word “knight” were pronounced, but in . . modern English, /k/ in the sound /kn-/ clusters was not pronounced. This phenomenon is known as ________.
A. sound addition B. sound loss
C. sound shift D. sound movement
15. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _____.
A. use of words B. use of structures
C. accent D. morphemes
16. _________ means that certain authorities, such as the government choose, a particular speech
variety, standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries.
A. Language interference B. Language changes
C. Language planning D. Language transfer
17. Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure and dynamics of _________.
A. human brain B. human vocal cords
C. human memory D. human
18. The most important part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain, called _________.
A. the neurons B. nerve pathways
C. cerebral cortex D. sensory organs
19. The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of ____ rules rather than the
mere memorization of words and sentences.
A. cultural B. grammatical
C. behavior D. pragmatic
20. According to the _______, the acquisition of a second language involves, and is dependent
on, the acquisition of the culture of the target language community.
A. acculturation view B. mentalist view
C. behaviourist view D. conceptualist view
II. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False (10 x1)
21. People can utter a sentence he has never heard or used before. In this sense,
human language is creative.
22. In English both aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops occur. The voiceless
aspirated stops and the voiceless unaspirated stops occur in
