西方文化第2次作业1

西南大学选修课葡萄酒与西方文化课后作业（四章全）第一章作业姓名：不愿透漏姓名的学长班级：16年春季成绩：100分1中国南方大多数地区种植鲜食葡萄为何没有葡萄根瘤蚜的为害？•A、土壤中无葡萄根瘤蚜•B、种植的欧美杂种品种•C、采用了抗虫砧木嫁接•D、水田土种植葡萄正确答案：B我的答案：B得分：5.0分2以下哪个词_________ 不代表葡萄植株？•A、Grape tree•B、Grapevine•C、grape plant•D、Grape正确答案：A我的答案：A得分：5.0分3葡萄酒“产地”取决于_________ 因素。

•A、气候•B、土壤•C、品种组合•D、都是正确答案：D我的答案：D得分：5.0分4赤霞珠Cabernet-Sauvignon属于_________ 颜色葡萄品种？•A、黑色•B、紫色•C、红色•D、白色正确答案：A我的答案：A得分：5.0分5非洲著名的葡萄酒生产国是指_________ 。

•A、阿尔及利亚•B、科特迪瓦•C、刚果•D、南非正确答案：D我的答案：D得分：5.0分6生产天然甜葡萄酒需要_________ 气候。

•A、湿润的冬季•B、冷凉的春季•C、干热的夏季•D、气爽的秋季正确答案：C我的答案：C得分：5.0分7葡萄根瘤蚜来自于_________ 。

•A、亚洲•B、欧洲•C、非洲•D、美洲正确答案：D我的答案：D得分：5.0分8霞多丽Chardonnay主要用于酿造_________ 。

•A、红葡萄酒•B、白葡萄酒•C、干邑酒•D、香槟酒正确答案：B我的答案：B得分：5.0分9葡萄属于_________ 作物。

•A、一年生•B、二年生•C、多年生•D、都不是正确答案：C我的答案：C得分：5.0分10以下哪种葡萄品种属酿酒葡萄_________？•A、巨峰•B、玫瑰香•C、赤霞珠•D、意大利正确答案：C我的答案：C得分：5.0分11葡萄蔓上拴羊，游牧民发现了_________ 技术。

一、名词解释1、世界文学答："世界文学”这一概念最早是由歌德于1927年与爱克曼谈话时，说自己读了中国小说《好逑传》得到的启示。

他在读《好逑传》后说："中国人在思想、行为和情感方面几乎和我们一样，……只是在他们那里一切都比我们这里更明朗，更纯洁，也更合乎道德。

……民族文学在现代算不了很大的一回事，世界文学的时代已快来临了。

现在每个人都应该促使它早日来临。

”二十年后，马克思和恩格斯从社会经济的角度也敏锐地觉察到这一点，在《共产党宣言》中正式向全世界宣布"世界文学”的形成。

《宣言》说："资产阶级由于开拓了世界市场，使一切国家生产和消费都成为世界性的……过去那种地方的和民族的自给自足和闭关自守状态，被各民族、各方面的互相维系和各方面的互相依赖所代替了。

物质的生产如此，精神的生产也是如此。

各民族的精神产品成了公共的财产。

民族的片面性和局限性日益成为不可能，于是由许多种民族的和地方的文学形成了一种世界的文学。

对"世界文学”概念有两种理解：①今后的文学产品越来越世界化。

现代世界，由于交通便利和传播媒介手段的现代化，尤其是全球信息网络的开通，以及语言障碍的渐次破除，整个人类文化已连为一体。

②由于将人类各民族的文学遗产看作是世界的公共财产，这样文化的民族性渐次让位给世界性。

2、《荷马史诗》答：《荷马史诗》是现存最古老的希腊文学作品（神话、传说产生在先，但成文后，保存在后来的文学作品中）。

最初为口头传诵，至前6世纪，雅典统治者才命令文人记录下来，以后又经过学者的多次编订。

二、简答题1、流浪汉小说的特点是什么？答：出现于16世纪中期的西班牙，一般采用自传体形式。

它的特点是：主人公多是失业者，流浪汉，以描写城市平民的生活为主要内容，并通过主人公对各阶层人物加以讽刺。

艺术上，以主人公流浪汉生活为线索组织情节，人物性格单一。

语言通俗流畅，笔调幽默而辛辣，富有民间文学色彩。

作业名称：西方文化第1次作业出卷人：SA作业总分：100 通过分数：60起止时间：2015-4-20 11:29:58 至 2015-4-20 12:04:56学员姓名：14030110608 学员成绩：90标准题总分：100 标准题得分：90详细信息：题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:恺撒是罗马最伟大的军事领袖，他作为独裁官所采取的一系列措施也确实产生了深远的影响，英语中一年的第（）个月也以恺撒的名命名的A、五B、六C、七D、八学员答案:C本题得分:2题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:超验主义是一场思想解放运动，先表现为宗教，哲学思想中的改革，后扩展到文学创作领域，这一派思想的出发点是（）。

A、理性主义B、人文主义C、心理体验D、实验文学学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:( )是后亚历山大时代希腊科学和学术所使用的语言，其时的科学和学术中心已不是雅典，而是尼罗河畔的亚历山大城.A、希腊文B、波斯语C、古希腊共同语D、克里特语学员答案:C本题得分:2题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:泰勒斯、阿纳克西曼德和阿纳克西美尼这三位早期哲学家均来自一个地方，且保持着师承关系，因而被称作（）A、米诺斯学派B、米利都学派C、希腊学派D、经院学派学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:在希波战争中，率领300名斯巴达战士抵抗几十万波斯大军的斯巴达国王是（）。

A、李奥尼达B、屋大维C、汉尼拔D、君士坦丁学员答案:A本题得分:2题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 内容:柏拉图关于（）与感觉世界二元对立的思想成为基督教神学的重要理论来源。

考生答题情况内容:( )拉斐尔的一幅经典之作，描绘了柏拉图派哲学家和亚里士多德派哲学家之间的和谐。

A、《蒂曼乌斯篇》B、《米利都学派》C、《岩间圣母》D、《雅典学院》学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:德莱塞作品包括( )对现实的反映和批判颇为深刻。

A、《欲望三部曲》B、《白鲸》C、《激流三部曲》D、《蚀》学员答案:A本题得分:2题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:16世纪，在欧洲诸国，掀起了一场声势浩大、震撼教廷的（），对后世影响深远，恩格斯称它为“第一号资产阶级革命”。

A、文艺复兴运动B、宗教改革C、工业革命D、启蒙运动学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:（）是启蒙运动对专制主义进行批判的武器．也是近代民主理论的核心内容。

A、“民主集中制”B、“天赋人权说”C、“主权在民说”D、“自由主义”学员答案:B本题得分:2题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:狂飙突进运动是18世纪70年代～80年代初西方的一场文学运动，发生在（），历时十五年。

A、美国B、英国C、德国D、意大利学员答案:C本题得分:2题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:( )是唯心主义辩证法的集大成者，18世纪末到19世纪初的德意志古典哲学的著名代表人物。

A、海德格尔B、费尔巴哈C、康德D、黑格尔学员答案:D本题得分:2题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:英国是现实主义文学出现较早和成为气候的国家之一,19世纪30年代末至40年代爆发的( )是社会冲突和劳资矛盾激化的重要表现和反映。

A、“宪章运动”B、里昂工人运动C、西西里亚纺织工人起义D、经济大萧条学员答案:A本题得分:2题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2内容:1620年9月，102名清教徒乘上“五月花”号船只离开荷兰，向北美洲进发。

Unit 1 Fine Arts and MusicMultiple choice questions1.Leonardo da Vinci was born at the right time, which was called______________?A. Independence.B. Renaissance.C. Civil war.D. Roman Glory.2. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a _______________ painter of Dutch origin.A. post-ImpressionistB. realisticC. romanticD. naturalistic3. Which of following is not Leonardo da Vinci’s woks ____________?A. Mona LisaB. The Last SupperC. Die Taufe ChristiD. Starry night4. Which of the following is Monet’s works_______?A. Sunset at Montmajour. Van Gogh’sB. Le Bassin aux NympheasC. Sunflowers. Van Gogh’sD. The Last Supper da Vinci5. Which of the following of four principles to stimulate and encourage creative genius Leonardo da Vinci left is NOT true?A.Study the science of art.B.Study the art of science.C.Study the skill of paintings.D.Develop all your senses, especially your ability to see and realize everythingconnects, in some way, to everything else.True or false questions1.Leonardo da Vinci went to Florence to study art on his own when he was a teenager.(F) with his father2.Renaissance is a time of rebirth when people who had forgotten how to be curiousbecame curious again. (T)3.Leonardo da Vinci finished his horse finally before he died. (F) and last it wasnothing but a pile of mud stuck with arrows4.For roughly a century, the painting Sunflowers was considered a fake (F)5.Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky is widely credited with making the world’sfirst truly abstract paintings. (T)Unit 2 MythologyMultiple choice questions1.Where is the cradle (摇篮)of western civilization?A. MesopotamiaB. EgyptC. The Indus RiverD. The Yellow River2. Which word is the synonym（同义词） of treachery?A. enchantment（魅力）B. glimpseC. betrayalD. fragment（碎片）3.What does “Abraham” mean?A.The father is exalted (Abram)B.The father of multitudes （大众）C.Merchant (Cannaanite)nd of purple (Canna)4.He was ultimately overthrown and the country ＿＿ chaos.A. lapsed into（逐渐陷入）B. paid forC. bewared of（当心）D. resided in（住在，渗透）5. The strength of Greek mythology consists in its ＿＿.A. plotsB. charactersC. collective nature（集体性质）D. authorsTrue or false questions1.The belief systems of the Egyptians and Greeks are readily accessible. (T)2.Different myths tackle the great questions in the same way. (F) in distinct ways3.The story of Israelites begins with the story of Noah. (F) Abraham4.Patriarch refers more specifically to Abraham and his descendants Isaac, Jacob, andJoseph. (T)5.Roman mythology and Greek mythology have nothing in common. (F)Unit 4 Architecture and National CharacterMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings contributed greatly to the architecture of new work atCanterbury(坎特伯雷大教堂)?A. the use of rib vaults(肋骨拱顶) and pointed archesB. graceful columnsC. the flying buttresses(飞梁结构)D. all of the above2.Why was Gothic architecture built with large stained-glass windows according toPassage C?A.For aesthetic value.B.So that God’s light could shine throughout the building.C.So that God can hear the prayers of his people.D.In order to build the architecture higher since the glass is lighter than theconcrete and bricks.3.Which historical painting is not included in the frescoed frieze（壁画） of The USCapitol Rotunda（美国国会大厦）?A. Baptism of PocahontasB. Landing of ColumbusC. Declaration of IndependenceD. The Apotheosis of Washington4.All the following statements about the Colosseum are true except______A.It is the largest amphitheatre in the Roman world.B.It was opened in AD 80 by Emperor Vespasian to shore up his shaky regime.（支撑他摇摇晃晃的政权） V espasian’s son and successor(继承者)C.It was a grand political gesture.D.The construction of it followed the classic model of Greek temple.5.Which of the following descriptions of the US Capitol Building is NOT true?A.It is located in Washington, D.C.B.It is the place where the Senate（参议院） and the House of Representatives（众议院）come together to craft the country’s laws.C.It is divided into four levels. (five levels)D.It is 19th-century neoclassical （新古典主义）architecture.True or false questions1.On the second floor of the Capitol Building, visitors can visit the chambers of the House of Representatives and the Senate as well as the Congress in session(在会议中) (F) as well as the offices of congressional leadership2.Much of the detail concerning the building of the Colosseum was worked out beforethe building started. (T)3.The Rotunda was intended to recall the Pantheon(万神庙), the ancient Roman temple. (T)4.The Colosseum had many stone socles（底座） which once held the masts（桅杆） used to support the awnings（雨棚） to shade about a half of thespectators. (F) one third of5.The Westminster Abbey(教堂) was one of the first and finest examples of the Decorated style in the late 16th-century English Gothic architecture. (F) late 13th- and 14th-centuryUnit 5 Work EthicsMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings is not considered as work ethics?A. Integrity.（正直）B. Honesty.C. Intelligence.D. Sense of teamwork.2. When an employee finds his or her colleague has committed ethical misconduct（行为不当）, he wants to reveal it to the public, we can say he is to_______________.A. blow the whistle （告发）B. blow the windC. kick the bucket （翘辫子）D. address the issue （着手解决问题）3. Some reasonable alternatives to whistle-blowing include ____________.A. mediation （调停）B. strict supervisionC. continuing educationD. all of the above4.Which of the following is not for effective communication skills?A.Develop effective listening skills.B.Engage audience and make eye contact.C.Manifest（表现出） constructive attitudes and beliefs.D.Emphasize quality.5.Which of the following explanations of whistle-blower is NOT true?A.A person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is illegal.B.A person who discloses unethical or incorrect conducts within an organization.C.A person who supervise others who have wrong behaviors.D.A person who discloses information to authorities about his colleague out ofpersonal “pay back”.True or false questions1.Defamation（诽谤） can take two forms: the harmful written and oral statements.(T)2.Integrity means fair and equal in word and action. (F) honest, just, and consistentin word and deed.3.Both good communications skills and good command of academic knowledgecontribute to a strong work ethic. (F) develop integrity; positive communication skills; a can-do attitude; accomplishing all things as if they were great and noble 4.In the perspective of work ethic, the small office tasks are as great and noble assome great tasks. (T)5.Cheating on exams and copying others’ homework are considered as ethicalmisconduct of students. (T)Unit 6 Ritual and EtiquetteMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings is not considered as the appropriate table manners?A.Eat as soon as you are served.B.Do not talk with your mouth full.C.Put the napkin on your leg before eating.D.Do not make sound with eating the soup .2.Which of the followings is not among the utensils(器具) for informal table setting?A. Dinner plateB. TeaspoonC. Coffee cup and saucerD. Centrepiece （置于桌子中央的装饰品）3.For Muslims, the importance of Ramadan does not includes____________.A.It helps develop a closer relationship with God.B.It is a time to think about the less fortunate.C.It is a great occasion for families to get together with each other.D.It is a chance to learn thankfulness and appreciation.4.What are the common ways of celebrating Ramadan?A. Fasting.B. Pray.C. Takbeer.（大赞词）D. All of the above5.Which of the following descriptions of Egyptian tomb is NOT true?A.It contained some sort of provision for afterlife.（对余生的规定）B.Most are built of concrete and steel.C.It became increasingly important as Egyptian civilization advanced.D.It eventually advanced in the form of “true pyramid”.True or false questions1.Putting the napkin on the chair is a sign to show your temporary leaving. (T)2.Knife goes to the right of spoon. (F) plate3.The formal table setting differs from informal one in the amount of utensils thatmight be used and decorations of the table. (T)4.During Ramadan, Muslims won’t eat anything at any time in order to fast. (F) theymay not eat or drink anything including water while the sun is shining.5.The body of all the deceased(已故的) in Egypt will be preserved in the same wayin the practice of Mummification.（木乃伊化） (F) there were 3 levels of quality and corresponding price in Egyptian burialUnit 9 The Rise and Fall of Greco-Roman Civilization Multiple choice questions1. Which of the following innovations were not mentioned in building the ancient Rome? aqueducts(引水渠); concrete; newspapers; welfare; bound books; roads and highways; the Julian calendar; battlefield surgeryA. ConcreteB. NewspaperC. HighwaysD. Gregorian calendar (公历年)2. Which of the following is NOT a factor of Rome’s fall?A. Attacks by barbarians （野蛮人）B. Plague (瘟疫)C. Social changesD. The death of Marcus Aurelius （罗马皇帝）3. The use of the aqueducts made the Romans enjoyed many amenities（便利设施）, except _____.A. public toiletsB. underground sewage（下水道） systemC. fountainsD. free laundry service4. Among the following names, who was NOT a Greek?A. Caesar （凯撒，古罗马将军）B. AlexanderC. Archimedes （阿基米德）D. Socrates （苏格拉底）5. Constantinople（君士坦丁堡） was ________.A. located in the Latin West(Greek East)B. a city of Christianity(基督教)C.associated with Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. (be akin to moving the US capitalfrom Washington, DC to Lincoln, Nebraska)D.renamed by Constantine (now renamed)True or false questions1.Papyrus（草纸） was invented by the ancient Romans. (F) Caesar created an earlyversion of a codex(法典) by stacking pages of papyrus to form a primitive notebook 2.The Aqua Virgo was one of ancient Rome’s 11 aqueducts. (T)supplied water toTrevi Fountain3.The women’s status in the ancient Greece was higher than that of men. (F)4.Barbarians was named thus because they offered the best barbers(理发师) in thehistory.(F)5.Constantine’s economic policy of minting （铸造钱币）abundant smaller bronzecoins caused serious inflation（通货膨胀）. (T)。

18秋学期（1703）《西方文明通论（尔雅）》在线作业-2
试卷总分:100 得分:100分
一、单选题 (共 35 道试题,共 70 分)
1.维系中国人心理的一个重要根据是？
A.儒道互补
B.中庸
C.儒道佛
D.儒道侠
[答案]：A
2.罗马人的图腾是？
A.狮
B.虎
C.豹
D.狼
[答案]：D
3.被誉为“交响乐之父”的是？
A.巴赫
B.海顿
C.莫扎特
D.贝多芬
[答案]：B
4.下列选项中对道家的理解正确的是？
A.道家精神与酒神精神完全相同。

B.道家反对对人的异化
C.道家将人与自然对立起来
D.道家主张修身治国平天下
[答案]：B
5.以下哪项不属于个人权利与国家权力关系的三种基本模式表现？
A.极权制度
B.无政府状态
C.共产主义
D.宪政制度
[答案]：C
6.毕达哥拉斯派认为什么是万物的本源？。

作为典范的希腊精神班级：21511401姓名：李鹏森学号：1120142978 古希腊可以说是欧洲文明的发源地，要想了解西方文化，认识古希腊是必不可少的。

哲学家黑格尔说过这样一句话：“一提到希腊这个名字，在有教养的欧洲人心中，自然会引起一种家园之感。

”这学期听了西方文化的选修课，另外关于古希腊文化，课下主要读了两本书。

一本是《希腊思想与文化》，讲述了古希腊的文明起源与历史变迁，它的城邦、政治、宗教、哲学等方面的文化与思想。

另一本是《西方文明的文化基因》，探讨历史背景、时代心态、民族性格对西方文明的影响。

下面，关于古希腊留给我们的最重要的文化遗产，是自己的一些看法。

古希腊处于亚、非、拉三洲的交汇处，多山临海多岛屿，加上温暖的地中海气候，使它的海上贸易发达，与其他民族的交往也很多，从而创造出了辉煌的成就。

在文化上，古希腊文明的核心中，对以后文化的形成与发展影响大的，可以称之为希腊精神，当然，它的具体所指并不确定，见仁见智。

现在的西方人，用自由、民主、法治、人权来定义他们自己，也用来衡量别人，这些思想简单地来说，都是包括于或起源于希腊精神的。

希腊精神的代表是雅典，包括理性，民主，与人本主义，这些对于后世的影响是深远的。

在希腊历史的黑暗时代，荷马史诗是这一时期重要的文化标杆。

它以战争中英雄的事迹为中心，在战争中，战士们崇尚荣誉，因而退却会受到全体城邦人的唾弃，这是一种个人英雄主义。

战争是无情的，生命是短暂的，无法选择是否死去，那就应该考虑如何死去，去赢得人民的赞美，永远的留在人们记忆中。

《伊利亚特》中有这样一句话，当赫克托尔要奔赴战场之时，他的妻子哀求他别去，然而他说：“人一生下来，无论懦夫或者勇士，我认为，都逃不过他注定的命运。

”如果没有荷马史诗，很可能古希腊的人本主义不会那样兴盛。

我们知道，古希腊的宗教是多神教，希腊人有着泛神的世界观。

人本主义是一种以人为本的世界观，看重人的价值，希腊神话中的神与东方的神有很大的区别。

《西方文化》作业浅析人文主义与文艺复兴运动学号：20035275 姓名：叶前进14——17世纪，欧洲掀起了以“人文主义”为核心的文艺复兴运动，自此，“人文主义”便成为西方文化的主流思潮之一。

在文艺复兴运动之前，西方的古典文化中已蕴涵着人文主义思想，随着资本主义生产关系在欧洲的萌发，“人文主义”便成为新兴的资产阶级进行思想领域解放运动的有力武器，同时文艺复兴运动也使人文主义思想得到最大限度的发展。

本文试就“人文主义”对文艺复兴运动的影响及文艺复兴运动对人文主义思想的推动作用作一浅要分析。

一什么是“人文主义“？《现代汉语词典》上最通俗的解释是：“欧洲文艺复兴时期的主要思潮，反对宗教教义和中古时期的经院哲学，提倡学术研究，主张思想自由和个性解放，肯定人是世界的中心。

”①人文主义思想的基本内涵主要包括：“首先，歌颂人性，反对神权，他们讴歌人的价值、人的尊严和人的力量，认为人是有理性的，人有无穷力量，可以创造一切；……其次，要求个性解放，反对禁欲主义。

……第三，主张理性，反对蒙昧主义。

……第四，拥护中央集权，反对地方割据。

……②”要弄清“人文主义”的基本内涵，必须分清“人文主义”与“人文主义者”这两个基本概念的不同内涵：“人文主义”一词作为一种学术的表述，是由德国历史学家在19世纪创造出来的，它作为一个出现相对较晚的术语，会因人对它的解释不同而产生不同的含义。

在此之前，人们使用的只有“人文主义者”一词，它“指的是15和16世纪给自己取了那个名字的范围有限的一群人”。

③由此可见，“人文主义”的范畴要远远大于“人文主义者”，它并不是专门局限于“意大利和欧洲文艺复兴精神”，内涵极其丰富，其虽由于不同的研究者解释不同，但其作为一个学术词语，其最基本的含义就是“与生存问题和对生命的关怀联系起来。

”④而在文艺复兴时期，“人文主义”“没有增加人性，而是削弱了神性。

”⑤人文主义者正是借助“人文主义”“以人为中心”这一基本内涵，极力宣扬人性，不断削弱神性，从而掀起了人类历史上第一场资产阶级的思想大解放运动。

A Guide to Western CultureDirections: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question.****** 1 ******1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.A. SophistsB. CynicsC. SkepticsD. Epicureans2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world."A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________A. 395B. 27C. 1453D. 4764. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.A. JesusB. AugustineC. Thomas AquinasD. Martin Luther5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word.A. MichelangeloB. RaphaelC. ShakespeareD. Leonardo Da Vinci6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.A. Don QuixoteB. HamletC. LeviathanD. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.A. The Praise of the FollyB. As You Like ItC. Divine ComedyD. Utopia8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.A. MachiavelliB. DanteC. BaconD. Locke9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. Copernicus10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.A. 18thB. 15 thC. 16 thD. 17 th11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."A.. Isaac NewtonB. Francis BaconC. John LockeD. Marx12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material----theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.A. GoetheB. DefoeC. RousseauD. Byron13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?A. WordsworthB. ShelleyC. PushkinD. Balzac14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.A. the power of reasonB. individual freedomC. spontaneityD. love of nature15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.A. WordsworthB. KeatsC. PushkinD. Shelley16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.A. TchaikovskyB. ChopinC. BeethovenD. Mozart17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended ________.A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evilsB. to give full play to the imagination of individualsC. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraintD. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?A. ResurrectionB. War and PeaceC. Crime and PunishmentD. Anna Karenina19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________.A. democracyB. the dignity of the individualC. the idyllic way of lifeD. the brotherhood of man20. Modernism was characterized by ________.A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventionsB. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relationsC. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formlessD. all of the above.****** 2 ******1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________.A. 1,200B.C. B. 5th century B. C.C. 4th century B.C.D. 146 B. C.2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is _________.A. the PathenonB. the ColossseumC. She-wolfD. the Ionic style of temple3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about _________.A. GodB. the doctrine of Jesus ChristC. the Laws of GodD. A and C4. Which of the following statements is true?A. Jesus was born in Galilee.B. Jesus was born in a synagogue.C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family.D. Jesus was bor n into a merchant’s family.5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of _________.A. military serviceB. land holdingC. governmentD. B and C6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture?A. The Gothic style flourished in the 18th century.B. The Gothic style started in France.C. Sculpture of Gothic style churches were based on the natural forces.D. Gothic style churches were solid but small.7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________.A. ancient Greek cultureB. ancient Roman cultureC. the BibleD. A and B8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are _________.A. wars and class conflictsB. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new world and routes to IndiaC. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech and publicationD. all of the above9. Which of the following died a prisoner?A. CopernicusB. NewtonC. KeplerD. Galileo10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________.A. Thomas HobbesB. Francis BaconC. John LockeD. A and C11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________.A. government interventionB. balanced developmentC. the policy of laissezfaireD. strict regulation12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is _________.A. GoetheB. DefoeC. SchillerD. Kant13. The Lakers refer to _________.A. Wordsworth and ColeridgeB. Byron and ShellyC. William Blake and KeatsD. None of the above14. The later Romantics in music refer to _________.A. Schuman and ChopinB. Verdi and WagnerC. Beethoven and MozartD. Haydn and Bach15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that _________.A. it is men’s social being that determines their consciousnessB. activity is basicC. socialism would be realized through class struggleD. surplus value is the source of the wealth of the capitalist class16. The essence of Darwin’s theory of evolution is _________.A. immutable fixity of speciesB. natural selectionC. artificial selectionD. none of the above17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by _________.A. DostoyevskyB. GogolC. CorkyD. Chekhov18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens?A. David CopperfieldB. Hard TimesC. Vanity FairD. Oliver Twist19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is _________.A. Henry JamesB. Virginia WoolfC. T.S. EliotD. D.H. Lawrence20. One of the chief representatives of the Theatre of the Absurd is _________.A. Kinsley AmisB. John OsborneC. Allen GinsbergD. Samuel Beckett****** 3 ******1. Socrates was _________.A. the teacher of AristotleB. the student of PlatoC. the teacher of PlatoD. the student of Aristotle2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________.A. the Roman empireB. the slave systemC. the production of the great epic writerD. the Roman law3. The Book of Daniel describes _________.A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian ruleB. the prisoners in BabylonC. the story of Noah’s ArkD. the rule of King Solomon4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________.A. HebrewB. Aramaic dialectC. GreekD. Latin5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?A. Loyalty to his lord.B. Fighting for the church.C. Protection of the people.D. Respect for women of noble birth.6. The goal of the Crusades was_________.A. to re-control JerusalemB. to open path to ByzantineC. to regain the Holy land --- PalestineD. to open trade route to the east7. The essence of Renaissance philosophy was _________.A. the emphasis on the greatness of manB. the glorification of GodC. the emphasis on the giving up of worldly pleasureD. the importance of wealth8. Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his observation in notebooks running up to _________ volumes.A. 1, 000B. 5, 000C. 3, 000D. 4, 0009. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________.A. John LockeB. Francis BaconC. Isaac NewtonD. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz10. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.A. I think therefore I amB. I use my senses therefore I amC. I doubt therefore I amD. None of the above11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________.A. V oltaire and RousseauB. Diderot and MontesquieuC. John Locke and Isaac NewtonD. None of the above12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousseau?A. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.（The Declaration of Independence 美国的《独立宣言》）B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man.（Rousseau卢梭）C. Love truth, but pardon error. (V oltaire伏尔泰)D. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else.(Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen（1789）法国的《人权宣言》)13. Romanticism was a movement in Europe _________.A. in the late 19th century and early 20th centuryB. in the 19th centuryC. in the late 17th century and early 18th centuryD. in the late 18th century and early 19th century14. The two most important works of Victor Hugo’s are _________.A. Atala and Rene（Chateaubriand夏多布里昂）B. Ivanhoe and The Heart of Mid – lothianWalter Scott的《艾凡赫》又译《撒克逊劫后英雄传》以及《中洛辛郡的心脏》C. Notre Dame de Paris and Les MiserablesD. Eugene Onegin and Boris Godunov普希金pushkin的《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》和《鲍里斯·戈都诺夫》15. The man who applied Darwi n’s evolution to society was_________.A. Yah FuB. Thomas HuxleyC. Alfred Russel WallaceD. Herbert Spencer16. According to Marx，the most important thing about Feuerbach was _________.A. he proclaimed materialismB. he supported HegelC. he supported the utopian socialistsD. he put forward the idea of class struggle17. "Sunflower" was the work of _________.A. van GoghB. Paul GauguinC. Claude MonetD. Gustave Courbet18. Which of the following works is not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Far from the Madding Crowd.B. The Return of the Native.C. Tess of the d'Urberyvilles.D. A Tale of Two Cities.19. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. AmericanD. Irish20. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" was an autobiographical novel by _________.A. Ezra PoundB. William FaulknerC. James JoyceD. Ernest Hemingway****** 4 ******1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. all of the above4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.5. The Crusades were wars between __________.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.A. What do I know?B. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.A. discovered the Cape of Good HopeB. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC. explored the mouth of the AmazonD. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?A. Law of buoyancy.B. Law of falling bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11. Which of the following is not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?A. The substitution of water power for human power.B. The introduction of machine.C. The beginning of the factory system.D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.A. V oltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13. In the works of __________, one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century is __________.A. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15. Throughout his life, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC. ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty16. __________ is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinC.SchubertD. Schumann17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EliotD. William Butler Yeats20. __________was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. SholokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky****** 5 ******I. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________A. Athenian democracyB. The Olympic GamesC. The epics of HomerD. All of the above2. Which of the following is true about Herodotus?A. He is called " Father of History".B. He wrote about the wars between Athens and Sparta.C. He contributed greatly to tragic art.D. He used clever parody in his writing.3. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________A. the fall of manB. the creation of the worldC. Noah’s ArkD. all of the above.4. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. C. was _________A. NeroB. MosesC. SpartacusD. Abraham5. The great contribution of St. Jerome was __________A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above6. The main classes under feudalism in Western Europe were __A. monks, lords and townspeopleB. clergy, knights and peasantsC. knights, peasants and townspeopleD. clergy, lords and peasants7. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote Beowulf.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian.D. Dante was a great political thinker.8. John Wycliffe was twice condemned as a heretic because of __________A. his teaching philosophy at OxfordB. his vigorous attack on orthodox church doctrinesC. his clerical associations and activitiesD. A&C9. Scientists in the 17th century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great importance to ________A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning10. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________.A. practicalB. deductive reasoningC. inductionD. experiment11. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17th century was ________.A. that it was still mainly religious paintingsB. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the timeC. that it was mainly portraits of noble familiesD. that the theme was mainly court life12. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of separation of powers?A. LockeB. HobbesC. V oltaireD. Montesquieu13. Diderot is best known as ________.A. the author of Persian Letter s（Montesquieu）B. the author of the Origin of Human Inequality（Rousseau）C. the editor of the EncyclopedieD. the author of Philosophical Thoughts(Diderot)14. The lines "And mask in every face I meet / Masks of weakness, masks of woe" are written by _______.A. William BlakeB. SchillerC. ByronD. Keats15.B. LermontovC. ChekhovD. Turgenev16. A work jointly written by Marx and Engels is ________.A. CapitalB. The Manifesto of the Communist PartyC. Thesis on FeuerbachD. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific17. Which author won the Nobel Prize in 1925?A. Thomas HardyB. George EliotC. George Bernard ShawD. Henry James18. Which novel was acclaimed as the greatest of all anti-slavery manifestoes'?.A. Leaves of GrassB. Uncle Tom's Cabi nC. The Portrait of a LadyD. Dead Souls19. _______ was the discoverer of X - rays.A. RontgenB. Madame CurieC. RutherfordD. Einstein20. The author of The Interpretation of Dreams wasA. T. S. EliotB. James JoyceC. D. H. Lawrence D. Sigmund Freud****** 6 ******1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?A. Women citizensB. AdultsC. Adult male citizensD. Foreigners and children2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?A. Dialogues was a book written by Socrates.B. Dialogues was a record of life of Plato.C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato.D. Dialogues was a record of Socrates's sayings by his followers.3. The great deed that David performed was ____.A. he took the Hebrews back to CanaanB. he killed Goliath, the philistine giantC. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~dD. none of the above4. In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?A. A nobleman was born a knight.B. Knighthood had to be earned.C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.D. After being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.6. The Inquisition was ______A. a church court set up to try hereticsB. an organization for church investigationC. a court in many kingdomsD. the decision - making body of the church7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which_____.A. he expressed his opposition to the despotic ruleB. he made inquiry into the realityC. he expressed his vision of manD. B and C8. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church _____.A. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceB. refused to accept any reformC. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and improvementsD. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition9. Kepler's contribution to astronomy isA. his discovery of the law of inertiaB. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemC. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motionD. none of the above10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke stated that .__A. all our knowledge sprang from experienceB. knowledge was powerC. every man was enemy to every manD. the world was made up of simple, active substances11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was _____.A. the issuance of the Declaration of IndependenceB. the founding of the First RepublicC. the seizure of the BastilleD. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws12. V oltaire was noted for his_____.A. witB. satireC. passionD. A and B13. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that________.A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reasonB. creation is never complete; it is ever going onC. virtue can be sustained without religious beliefD. man's greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himself14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by _________.A. ShelleyB. Wordsworth and ColeridgeC. Blake and KeatsD. Byran and Shelley15. The line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" comes from_________.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. KeatsD. Blake16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted _______ in German classical philosophy.A. Hegel's dialecticsB. Feuerbach's metaphysicsC. Feuerbach's materialismD. A and C17. Balzac's monumental work was ________.A. Divine ComedyB. The Human ComedyC. The Brothers KaramazovD. Les Miserables18. The author of A Doll's House was ________.A. George Bernard ShawB. ChekhovC. Henric IbsenD. Leo Tolstoy19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?A. The Waste LandB. DublinersC. CantosD. The Sound and the Fury20. The poem Howl was written by ________.A. Kingsley AmisB. John OsborneC. Allen GinsbergD. Ezra Pound****** Division 1 ******Division1:1-5 DCBBC 6-10 CAACC****** Division 2 ******Division2:1-5 DCABB 6-8 BCC****** Division 3 ******Division3: 1-5 ADDBB 6-8 DDCCB****** Division 4 ******Division 4:1-5 BCCDA 6-8 CBDCC****** Division 5******Division 5:1-5 CBADC 6-8 ADBCC****** Division 6******Division 6:1-5 CBADA 6-8 DCA****** Division 7******Division 7:1-5 CDDAB 6-8 CADBA****** Division 8************ Division 9************ Division 10 ******Division 10:1-6 DADBDC 7-12 CCBBDB。

2018年度最新广播电视大学（电大）期末考试《西方文化概观》课程形成性考核册作业1-3一、填空1、古希腊文明最早产生的爱琴文明，包括克里特文明与迈锡尼文明。

P372、古希腊著名史诗荷马史诗是以特洛伊战争为题材的。

P383、希腊城邦推翻了王权，实行的是民主制度，大多数城邦是共和制。

P394、古希腊的城邦中，最具有特色的是两种：斯巴达城邦与雅典城邦，它们是希腊两种城邦、两种社会政治类型的典型代表。

P405、英国哲学家罗素等人认为西方文明有三种重要精神：古希腊精神、基督教宗教、科学技术概念。

P55二、名词解释1、西方——从地理、经济与政治的意义而言，西方主要指欧洲也北美国家美国与加拿大。

可以分为三个系统，即地中海文化系统、西欧文化系统、东欧文化系统。

2、希波战争——公元前6世纪后期，东方的波斯帝国向外扩张，深入希腊文化的中心地带，即小亚细亚与地中海地区。

公元前500年，亚细亚的城邦米利都发生反抗波斯人的起义，但失败了，从此希腊与波斯开始了长达半个世纪的战争。

直到公元前449年，波斯提出求和，双方签订卡利阿斯和约，这场东西方第一次大战才宣告结束。

从此东西方文化分化成为一种事实，并且东方被看作是专制统治的国度，希腊人认为是民主的希腊战胜了专制的波斯。

3、希腊化时代——即地中海文明与西北非文明汇融在一起，互相影响，共同发展的一个时代，时间从公元前323年至公元前30年罗马灭亡埃及止。

也就是说希腊化时代是从古典时代结束到罗马兴起之间的过渡。

4、人文主义——文艺复兴中的进步观念，其提出原来是一种与礼堂相对的思想观念。

主张肯定人们追求幸福、爱情的权利；主张社会平等与博爱，歌颂个人创造，具有进步意义。

三、简答题1.简述欧洲三大文明系统及其代表。

答：欧洲文明历史悠久，它可以为三个大的文明系统：其一是地中海文明系统。

重要的代表如古希腊、古罗马、意大利文明。

其二是西欧文明系统。

重要的代表如英国、法国、德国、西班牙等。

其三是东欧文明系统。

欧洲文化入门：第二次作业中世纪1．第1题Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.B.The rebellion took its name from a contemptuous nickname used by the French nobles for any peasant.C.Rebellious peasants burned down castles, murdered their lords, and raped their lords’ wives.D.Within a month the rebellion was suppressed by French nobles.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following living creatures, EXCEPTA.catsB.ratsC.snakesD.dogs您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题Which city was NOT a prominent trading centreduring the Early Middle Ages?A.Constantinop leB.MeccaC.MedinaD.Baghdad您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France, EXCEPTA.The Capetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, as William had done in EnglandB.They kept the support of the popes by defending the Christian faith and by going on crusades.C.They carefully defined the powers of their officials and closely supervised them, while using church officials as administratorsD.They developed Paris as both a trading center and a royal capital您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% –60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities inItaly may have been as high as 60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOT true?A.it included two knights from every countyB.it included two burgesses from every townC.it included the king’s Gre at Council (barons, bishops, judges, advisors)D.it was a major check on royal authority您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题All the following constitute the main forms of heresy, EXCEPTA.mysticismB.flagellanti smC.Lollards and HussitesD.worshipers您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true?A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpass ancient Greek authors.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题Alcuin established ______ as the basis foreducation during the Carolingian renaissance.A.the Carolingian minusculeB.trivium and quadriviumC.medieval LatinD.biblical texts您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题Which of the following statements about the third Crusadeis NOT true?A.it had a strong start, but a weak endB.Frederick drowned on the wayC.Philip quarreled with Richard and went homeD.Richard stayed longer, and took Jerusalem. 您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第22题Which is the correct description of life in the Byzantine Empire?A.Peasants had a hard life due to the high tax on land.B.Scholars were skeptical of Greek tradition.C.Women were excluded from education.D.Soldiers received poor salaries.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第23题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europe during the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true?A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leadingeconomy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第24题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the churchinstitutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第25题The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways, EXCEPT A.The Church failed to explain why God willed this awful punishment on His followers.B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.C.There was a severe shortage of clergy.D.Church was unable to cure the plague victims.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第26题What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science”您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第35题Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?A.Pre-Islamic Arabia was backward and underdeveloped.B.Pre-Islamic Arabs showed no interest in sea trade.C.Mecca was one of the most important trading centers.D.Pre-Islamic Arabs would pray to their tribal gods or goddesses.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第36题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第37题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第38题What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe?A.the amount of personal libertyB.the hereditary personal statusC.the military protection provided by the lordD.the obligation to work on the land您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第39题Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true?A.On the way to the Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfitB.The Crusades increased the power of the Papacy and the wealth of the ChurchC.The Crusades strengthened the power of national monarchies and undermined feudalismD.The Crusades set the first example of Europeanexpansionism您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第42题The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPTA.Louis XI of FranceB.Friedrich I of GermanyC.Henry VII of EnglandD.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain您的答案：B题目分数：2.023．第43题All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPTA.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Aristotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith and reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine 您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第44题Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world?A.poetryB.proseC.historyD.drama您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第45题The Late Middle Ages were marked by the following features, EXCEPT?A.Plague and famine caused millions of death in Europe.B.Along with depopulation came social unrest and conflicts.C.Rivalry between feudal governments led to wars, the most violent being the Hundred Years’ War fought between Germany and Italy.D.Peasant uprisings and urban revolts broke out in many countries.您的答案：C此题得分：2.026．第46题Which of the following statements about Papacy at Avignon is NOT true?A.The reform measures of Avignon papacy turned the papacy into a more spiritual thanpolitical institution.B.Several popes were Frenchmen, and 113 out of the 134 new cardinals created by the popes were French.C.Papal influence in England and in Germany declined.D.This period in church history is called the Babylonian Captivity.您的答案：A此题得分：2.027．第47题Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Villages ranged in size from ten to several hundred peasant families, living in a cluster of cottages surrounded by their fields.B.Most villages had woodland which provided burning wood and building materials.C.Many villages had a stream or pond for water supply, fish and a water mill for grinding grain.D.Few villages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm work with other labor.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第48题Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus to the study ofscience.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa.C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work.您的答案：C此题得分：2.029．第49题Which of the following statements about ciompi is NOT true?A.They formed a ciompi guild.B.They formed a people’s militia.C.They granted political representation in the government.D.They had not lost their hold on power.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第50题What event marked the climax of Charlemagne’s career and the formation of western European civilization?A.Charlemagne became the Frankish king and ruled most of Western Europe.B.Charlemagne produced the best government Europe had seen since the Romans.C.Charlemagne built a united Christian society and had an alliance with the papacy.D.Charlemagne was crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第12题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.032．第13题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第14题Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第15题Among the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire and the Frankish Empire, only the first one received continuing influence from the Roman intellectual and legal tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第16题The Islamic Golden Age is a period of cultural and intellectual growth and activity that persisted throughout the Islamic world between the 8th and 13th centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第17题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第18题The Roman Empire was the first true superpower in human history.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第19题Knowing the true cause of the disease, many Christians considered the Black Death a signal of the Last Judgment.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第20题Joan’s int ervention marked the turning point in the Hundred Years’ War.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第21题From the Norman Conquest until the 14th century, French was the preferred language of the English crown and aristocracy, but after 1400 English gradually replaced French as the language of law courts and administration.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.041．第27题The confidence the Europeans had developed in the Central Middle Ages was destroyed by the travails of the Late Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第28题All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第29题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第30题Since the 3rd century the eastern half of the Roman Empire was more prosperous than the western half.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第31题Before the rise of Islam, Arabs did not believe in Allah.您的答案：错误此题得分：2.046．第32题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第33题Economic hardship was undoubtedly the major cause for the Jacquerie uprising.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第34题The new monarchs of late 15th century Germany, Italy and Spain laid the foundation for three of the great nation-states of modern Europe.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第40题When creating their own kingdoms, the Germanic tribes rejected all Roman institutions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第41题The official language of Byzantine Empire was Latin.您的答案：错误此题得分：2.0。

Chapter One Culture in Ancient GreeceMultiple choices:1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A. Greek CultureB. Roman CultureC. Egyptian CultureD. Chinese Culture2.In _______ the Roman conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B.C.D. The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A. Oedipus the KingB. IliadC. OdysseyD. Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A. AntigoneB. AgamemnonC. PersiansD. Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A. ElectraB. AntigoneC. Trojan WomanD. Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A. AntigoneB. PersiansC. ElectraD. Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A. AristophanesB. EuripidesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus8.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras9. ________ is the major foundation in the Western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization.A. Ancient European cultureB. Ancient Greek cultureC. Ancient Chinese cultureD. Ancient Egyptian culture10. Greek culture can date back to____.A. the Neolithic AgeB. the Bronze AgeC. the Stone and Bronze AgeD. the Old Stone Age11. Mycenaean culture was influenced the most by Cretan culture on ____.A. farmingB. handicraft and tradeC. religionD. philosophy12. The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.A. the Heroic AgeB. the Golden AgeC. the Cretan CivilizationD. the Mycenaean Civilization13. The first Olympiad began in the ____ period of the Golden Age.A. archaicB. centralC. dependentD. dark14. ____was called “the first citizen of Athens” by Thucydides and in his reign the slave-based democracy politics in Athens reached its peak.A. Justinian IB. CleonC. PericlesD. Ptolemy15. ____established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning.A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Heraclitus16. Herodotus, father of Greek history, focused on describing the war between _____in his book, The Histories.A. Thebes and SpartaB. Persia and SyracuseC. Athens and SpartaD. Greeks and PersiansTrue of false question.(1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by Aristophanes. F(2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle. F(3) The famous bronze sculpture of athletes, Discus Thrower, was created by Myron. T(4) Euclid discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere. F(5) The chief Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. TShort answer questionsHow did the ancient Greek Civilization develop in its long history?Firstly, early period of Greek Civilization: the development of Cretan and Mycenaean Civilization. Secondly, with the development of economy, many city-states were founded. Aristocratic rulers were trying to proceed their reforms in politics and legislations, which led to the prosperity of Greek Civilization. Last, after two wars, Greek Civilization came to its end.Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age, and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology, Greek philosophy started with Thales who believed that the material world originated in water. The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, Plato established the Academy - the first Greek institution of higher learning. Literary representation centered round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey.Chapter Two Culture in Ancient RomeMultiple choices:1.Ancient Roman culture is the culture from the formation of _____ to the end of the Roman Empire, which hadlasted about 1200 years throughout.A. Roman RepublicB. ByzantiumC. Pax RomanaD. Seven Hill Ally2.____ were the twins, the founders of Rome in the history.A. Octavian and CaesarB. Caesar and RemusC. Romulus and RemusD. Romulus and Octavian3.____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.A. CaesarB. OctavianC. RemusD. Pompey4.The First Triumvirate consisted of ____.A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, SullaB. Pompey, Crassus, CleopatraC. Pompey, Crassus, Julius CaesarD. Octavian, Brutus, Marius5.Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____.A. GreekB. SicilyC. SpainD. Carthage6.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A. HoraceB. Julius CaesarC. VirgilD. Marcus Tullius Cicero7.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB. The PantheonC. The ParthenonD. Pont du Gard8.The Law of the Twelve Tables was inscribed in _____.A.450 BCB. 200 BCC. 40 BCD. 400 BC9.The Italian poet Dante regarded _____ as his teacher in The Divine Comedy.A.VirgilB. HoraceC. OvidD. Chaucer10.In _____ the Romans conquered Greece.A. 1200B.C. B. 700 B.C.C. 146 B.C.D. the 5th centuryTrue of false question.(1) In ancient Rome, freed slaves could become Roman citizen without any restrictions on their legal rights. F(2) All free-born citizens could get married in Roman society. F(3) All Romans got their daily needs from war ravages and looting in other defeated countries or areas. F(4) In Roman society, women had more chances to do some social activities than those in the East. T(5) The Romans usually entertained at the risk of slaves’ lives. T(6) All Roman citizens were allowed to vote on laws or on the decision of who were to be leaders. F(7) After Civil War, Roman entered the Pax Romana, the longest period of peace in Rome. T(8) The first Trumvirate was a formal one consisting of Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. F(9) In Rome, Stoicism and Epicureanism originated from Greece. T(10) Before Christianity enter Rome, Ancient Romans had mostly been polytheists. TShort answer questionsPlease give a brief introduction to the development of ancient Rome. Analyze the reasons that attributed the conversion of Roman Republic to Roman Empire.Reasons:a. Roman rulership inherited largely from ancient Greece. Under the Republic, senators were elected by the people to run the government.b. Territory expanse caused rich landowners and merchants to be able to buy up most of the country land, which led to instability of Roman military.c. Fights among powerful rulers, such as the fight in the first Triumvirate, and in the second Triumvirate, gave chance to get the supreme power to only one person instead of the people.In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.It is universally acknowledged that Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture. This could be seen in what Roman culture adopted from Greek culture as is demonstrated in religion, philosophy and literature.In religion, we know most of the gods in Roman myths came from Greek legends in terms of function and contribution to their myths. Nevertheless, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The parallel arrangement of gods provides accurate evidence to show the similarity of the two religions and Roman wisdom in borrowing fine elements from an external culture is obvious.The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples to demonstrate Greek influence on their Roman counterpart. The best example is perhaps Stoicism and Epicureanism, both of which originated from Greece and were further developed and modified in Rome.In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a great deal from Greek culture. For example, one could find lots of traces of Greek tragedy in Roman drama. Even in Virgil’s best known epic Aeneid, we could read of similar story of the hero in his voyage from Troy to Rome, compared to Odysseus, who overcomes many difficulties on his way home though they are certainly set against different backgrounds.All in all, the two cultures are closely linked partly because Greek culture is so illustrious that no one could leave it out without picking up something from it. The Roman people were sufficiently intelligent that they could not refuse to take such an opportunity to learn something when the opportunity was available.Chapter Three Jewish Culture and The Old TestamentMultiple choices:1.The Babylonian Captivity refers to the captivation and imprisonment of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar II, in ____.A.586 BCB.450 BCC.336 BCD.586 AC2.Jerusalem was established as the capital in ___.A.585 BCB.1000 BCC.1000 ADD.585 AD3.In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____.A.David and SolomonB.Moses and DavidC.Jacob and DavidD.Jacob and Solomon4.The ancestor of the Jews is ___.A.GreekB. GermanicC. HebrewD. Roman5.The whole Old Testament is written in ______ except some brief portions which are in the Aramaic languageA.classical HebrewB.classical EnglishC.classical GreekD.classical LatinFill in the blanks1.Jehovah is worshipped as the chief god of the country of Israel.2.Ezekiel helped Jewish people spread the religion of Judaism and finally confirmed it during the BabylonianCaptivity and later period.3.The core of Judaism is Mose’s Ten Commandments and Rabbis’ interpretations of the doctrines.4.The Jewish New Year is called Rosh Hashanah.True of false question.1.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first 10 books. F2.The Old Testament was written in Hebrew, including the three parts: Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa andApocrypha. T3.Exodus describes how Aaron led the people of Israel out of Egypt in the 13th or 14th centuries BC, including theirlife in Egypt and how they suffered from oppression. F4.The Prophets mainly introduces all kinds of prophets. T5.Apocrypha books are not included in the canon of the Old Testament because of their uncertain authorship orlegendary. TShort answer questionsSay something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literary value.What would you say about the Jewish contribution to Christianity and Western culture? Give examples to show how Jewish culture relates to and differs from the other cultures, such as Greek and Arabic cultures.The Jewish culture has done much for Christianity and Western culture, such as the Jewish contribution to the transmission of Western culture .One of the examples is Jewish assistance to the establishment of Christianity. It was the Jews who worked as the early organizers and participants in the underground activities of the Christians. Another example concerns Philo, the major Jewish-Hellenistic philosopher of the early period, combined both the Greek philosophical element and Jewish theology.Chapter Four Christianity and The New TestamentFill in the blanks(1) Owing to the repeated conquests of Jerusalem by various aggressors, like Alexander the Great and the Romans, the Jews suffered a great deal from the violent suppression and the final loss of their homeland.(2) Plato’s ideas provided a more intellectual and reasonable framework for the basic beliefs of pious Jewish people.(3) Baptism is to wash off one’s original sin by sprinkling water over one’s body to indicate that one’s original sin is washed off and that one is admitted into the church.(4) Anointment is a ritual where a priest put specially-made oil on the dying to show benefaction and forgiveness of the sin in that person’s lifetime.(5) Purgatory is a state or place of temporary punishment for the removal of sins not possible in any other ways.(6) The Mass is a formal rite, ceremony or service of religious worship.(7) Excommunication means a Christian is partly or completely expelled from the church, usually with the loss of his citizenship.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?A. Honor your father and your mother.B. Do not commit suicide.C. Do not desire your neighbor’s wife.D. Do not take the name of God in vain.4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practice their religion?A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th century5. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions?A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar6. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I7. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John Baptist(施洗者约翰)D. John Wycliff8. Christianity is the system of religious belief and practice about ____ and started at the turn of ____A. Mary, 1st century ADB. Jesus Christ, 1st century ADC. Jehovah, 1st century BCD. Jesus Christ, 1st century BC9. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint(七十子译本《旧约圣经》的希腊文译本)10. On February ____ , the Roman Emperor, ______ , accepted Christianity as the official religion.A. 380, Alexander the GreatB. 380, TheodosiusC. 400, OctavianD. 100, Jesus Christ11. _____, the Christian Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. In 1054. In 1054 BC C. In 1055 D. In 38012. In 451 AD, the archbishop of Roman Church, ____________, made himself Pope.A. St. PeterB. Saint Leo IC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin13. The largest and earliest of non-Roman Catholic Groups in the West is ___________.A. Lutheran ChurchB. AnglicanismC. PresbyterianD. Free Churches14. ______ is the 2nd book of The Old Testament, telling the history of Hebrews, flight out of Egypt led by Moses.A. ExodusB. GospelC. GenesisD. Job15. _______ is the cradle of many civilizations, such as Trojan, Phrygian, Achaemenid, Greek, Armenian, Roman and Byzantine.A. EgyptB. Asia MinorC. JerusalemD. Aegean SeaShort answer questionReasons for Roman acceptance of Christianity:a. For the common people in the empire who were fed up with wars and social turmoil, they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role to pacify and comfort them with love and care more effectively than other organizations or religions.b. It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance to control ideologically and intellectually the ordinary people, which was thus welcomed by the kings, emperors or aristocrats.c. The name and influence of Christianity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification, which would help the majority of people to accept the reign of a newly emerging ruler and his followers.d. Christianity is also a kind of culture, which to many people suggests social stability and recovery of an old life style they are accustomed to. Though conservative as well, it could be tolerated because their life and property could thus be secured in the changed circumstances.True of False(1) When Jesus Christ fled from his brother Esau, he imagined the ladder to heaven. F(2) Christianity is a kind of culture. T(3) Before the 4th century, Christians had been persecuted in Roman Empire. T(4) Jewish culture and religion were immensely enriched by Christianity and Western culture. F(5) The Trinity is the unity of Holy Father, Holy Son and Holy Spirit in one divine being. TChapter Five The Middle Ages and Germanic CultureFill in the blanks(1) Byzantine culture achieved remarkable progress by combining the cultural essence of Greece and Rome with the Eastern culture.(2) Neo-Platonism is a philosophy linking Greek philosophy and the Eastern mysticism, which focused on the power of spirit and transcendentalism.(3) Spiritually and culturally, 14th century in Byzantium showed remarkable vitality.(4) The early medieval literature was represented by poems, particularly by hymns pressing the intense religious feelings of love of God.(5) The artistic achievements of the Medieval Ages mostly related to religion, since it was the focal point in people’s lives and the church was the principal promoter of artistic work.(6) Construction of major buildings during the Middle Ages, consisted mainly of large numbers of churches, generally in Romanesque and Gothic styles.Multiple Choice1. After the last Roman emperor was overthrown by the German mercenary troops, the European civilization moved into _____.A. the modern eraB. the Middle AgesC. the new periodD. the Renaissance2. The barbarous tribes included Celts, Germans and _______.A. FrenchB. ItaliansC. SlavsD. Tartars3. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4764.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs5. Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James6.Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic?A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French7. Which of the following is NOT true about Scholasticism.A. Scholasticism was initiated by the medieval theologians to defend and consolidate the status of Christianity.B. The Scholars employed Aristotle’s statement and Plato’s theory of ideas to explain God’s existence.C. The Scholars made a compromise between science and philosophy.D. Scholasticism regarded the Bible as the only source of absolute truth, making reason submit to religious faith. True or false questions(1) Carolingian culture was featured with Christianity because of the latter’s strong influence on the barbarous tribes. T(2) Edda is a collection of Germanic myths which provides the prototypes for later tales of European nations. F(3) All the English names of the weekdays derive from the Northern gods. F(4) The legends in Charlemagne’s life and deeds were frequently referenced by many poets of the Renaissance and later periods. T(5) In the German and Norse mythology, the gods are not perfect. They represent different forces of the God, struggling against the primeval giants. T(6) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. F(7) The division of the Frank Empire into three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. T(8) The spirit of the Germans formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. T(9) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.T(10) In medieval society, God permanently served as an image of severity and solemnity, without change until the renaissance. F(11) Serfs in the plantations of the Charlemagne’s Empire worked hard because they could be rewarded. F(12) The icon referred to the abstract image of Jesus Christ in the period of Byzantium. T(13) Scholasticism was created by Vatican in the Middle Ages to handle the ideas of infidelity with the help of classical philosophy. TShout answer questionsWhat is your comment on the status of medieval culture and politics in Western history?(1) social advantages for the change of productive means;(2) the weakening of the centralized system;(3) the increasing influences of the Church;(4) cultural contributions of Germans and other nationalities;a. Germanic contributions to Christianity－Power in Christian Trinity mainly came from the Goths who were brave, militant and tactically capable of warring. Charlemagne the Great tried to restore Roman culture and promote cultural development.b. The Muslims also contributed considerably to the preservation and dissemination of classical culture.(5) utilitarian tendency of the medieval culture;a. the emergence of a range of different cultures;b. the humanizing and perfecting of hierarchy;c. the humanization of Christian doctrines.Chapter Six Culture during the RenaissanceFill in the blanks(1) The Renaissance was to recover ancient culture and art; while the Reformation was to recover ancient Christian theology.(2) With far-reaching political, economic and social effects, the Reformation became a basis for the founding of Protestantism, which emerged as one of the three major branches of Christianity.(3) Calvin’s theory of Predestination conformed to expectations of bourgeoisie.(4) Calvin practiced his democratic and republican system on the basis of principles in the New Testaments.(5) Francis Bacon was the founder of experimental science and materialism.(6) “I am thinking, therefore I exist” was spoken by Rene Descartes.Multiple Choice1. Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance?A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio?A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4. The medieval civilization met its climax during the _________.A. 14th centuryB. 13th centuryC. 12th centuryD. 11th century5. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo7. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in _______ .A. BerlinB. RomeC. BolognaD. Oxford8. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madonna (Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael9. Which of the following is not the inspiration for the Renaissance?A. The break-up of feudal structures.B. The emergence of national monarchies.C. The rise of folk culture and popular literature.D. The revival of religious beliefs.10. In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal（教皇制度的）authorities take place?A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII11. After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. Queen12. Which of the following works was written by Rabelais（拉拍雷）, in which he praises the greatness of man,expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia13. Whose motto put down in his essays “What do I Know?” is world famous?A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. Montaigne(蒙田：法国人文主义思想家)D. Shakespeare14.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideas and a style which is easy and familiar?A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance15. Which of the following is NOT French writer poet?A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne16. In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?A. BruegelB. Erasmus（伊拉兹马斯C. El GrecoD. Rabelais17. “To be, or not to be, -- that is the question. ”is from whose works?A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. Shakespeare18. The core idea of the Renaissance was ________.A. rationalismB. realismC. humanismD. classicism19.The bourgeoisie was a result of ____ production in terms of wage-payment and profit.A. massB. agriculturalC. industrialD. commercial20. The most important reason for the emergence of the Renaissance in Italy is _______.A. Italy’s prosperous tradeB. the variety of urban social lifeC. the use of Latin as a common languageD. that the newly emerging capitalists sought to oppose feudal and divine dominance of society21. The major boost of Humanism is _______ .A. the fall of ConstantinopleB. the prosperity of the city of FlorenceC. the prosperous trade and production of handicraftD. the rich variety of urban social life22. Which of the following is not the major principle of humanism?A. Literature should represent the feelings of ordinary humans.B. Science should produce benefits for mankind.C. Education should develop divine spirit and classical culture.D. Man should become central in everything.True or false(1) Individualism was the foundation of social ideology during the Renaissance. T(2) Dante’s most important works On Monarchy shows most of his humanist ideas over which he was meditating during years of exile. F(3) Petrarch opposed the papal authority and other supreme authorities by exemplifying his attitudes towards Aristotle. T(4) The Renaissance and humanism greatly contributed to the occurrence of Enlightenment and bourgeois revolution. T(5) Humanism helped spark the Reformation, while the latter hindered the development of the former. T(6) Cultural salon was founded in order to spread the Graeco-Roman culture. F(7) The discussions in the cultural salon helped to improve cultural manners. T(8) The French Academy derives from a club of ten members discussing questions of common interest. F(9) Drama was a vigorous and popular cultural activity during the Renaissance in France. T(10) Drama in this period focused on moral irony, formal beauty as well as brevity and understatement. TShort answer questions1.Try to list the elements which contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance.Hints: the break-up of feudal structures; the strengthening of city-states in Italy; the emergence of national monarchies in Spain, France, and England; the thrive of many different kinds of social structures; the rise of folk culture and popular literature in most European countries; changes in secular education, particularly the founding of universities.2. What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterized by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.3. Please illustrate the features of social ideology during the Renaissance and its representative figures.。

西方文化作业1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A.Roman CultureB.Chinese CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Greek Culture2.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Odyssey IliadB.IliadC.Trojan warsD.Aen3. Socrates,( ) and Aristotle are the three greatest names in European philosophy.A. PlatoB. DiogenesC. PyrrhonD. Zeno4. When tube swept into Europe from central Asia in the latter part of the fifth century, robbing and killing a large number of the half civilized Germanic tribes?A. the HunsB. the KoreansC. the IndiansD. Japanese5. At the heart of Christianity is the life of ( )A. SolomonB. JudaC. St. peterD. Jesus Christ6. Which of the following is not the play written by Aeschylus?A. Prometheus BoundB. AntigoneC. PersiansD. Agamemnon7.In 313 A.D., Constantine I issued（）and made Christianity legal.A. The Act of RightsB. The Act of SupremacyC. The Act of SuccessionD. the Edict of Milan8. In which comic play did Aristophanes attacked Socrates?A. WaspsB. BirdsC. CloudsD. Frogs9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A. AristotleB. ArchimedesC. Pytha gorasD. Democritus10. ( ) gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service in 732.A. Julius CaesarB. Charles MartelC. ConstantineD. Theodosius11. What did the Epicureans advocate?A. reject all conventionsB. not all knowledge is attainableC. pleasure is the highest good in lifeD. the most important thing in life is not pleasure12. St. Thomas Aquinas was an （）philosopher and theologian.A. EnglishB. ItalianC. AsianD. German13. ( ) said, “ knowledge is power”?A. BaconB. LockeC. HobbesD. Descartes14. Which of the following is not the play written by William Shakespeare?A. MacbethB. HamletC. Romeo and JulietD. Utopia15. Which subject of the following tried to harmonize the relationship between reason and faith?A. ScholasticismB. AstrologyC. PhilosophyD. Anatomy16. What does the word “Renaissance” mean in English?A. RevivalB. ReformationC. ReappearD. Redeem17. Under the reign of ( ) , England began to embark on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.A. Elizabeth IIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mare ID. Elizabeth I18. Renaissance was most strongly felt in fine art in ( )A. RomeB. ItalyC. EnglandD .France19. Who was the religious leader the Reformation in Germany?A. Martin LutherB. John CalvinC. Jan HusD. Henry VIII20. What new branch of Christianity came into being after the Reformation?A. CatholuismB OrthodoxC. ProtestantismD. Islam1.Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A.In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meetB.Aristotle founded the school of StoicsC.Aristotle was tutor of AlexanderD.2.Which of the following statement is true about the Roman Empire?A.The Roman Empire had never been dividedB.The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395ADC.The Roman Empire was later called ByzantiumD.The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century3. The Bible has been regarded as ( )A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. all of the above4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as ( )A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western Europe5. The Crusades were wars between( )A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works ( )A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. drvine power of feudal rulesC. the pope is supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was ( )A. What do I knowB. I doubt therefore I thinkC. Give me a place to stand, I will move the worldD. Only to stand out of my light8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who ( )A. discovered the Cape of Good HopeB. discovered the root to India round the Cape of Good HopeC. explored the month of the AmaionD. was the first to visit Cuba and Hati9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?A. Law of intertiaB. Law of falling bodiesC. Law of relativityD Law of universal gravitation10.In Locker’s political philosophy, the chief reason for the constitution of civil government was ( )A. the protection of picture propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy。