High-temperature pH measuring during hot-water extraction of hemicelluloses from wood

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Industrial Crops and Products 61(2014)9–15Contents lists available at ScienceDirectIndustrial Crops andProductsj o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /i n d c r opHigh-temperature pH measuring during hot-water extraction of hemicelluloses from woodJens Krogell a ,∗,Kari Eränen b ,Kim Granholm c ,Andrey Pranovich a ,Stefan Willför aaÅbo Akademi Process Chemistry Center,c/o Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry,Porthansgatan 3,FI-20500Åbo Turku,FinlandbÅbo Akademi Process Chemistry Center,c/o Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering,Biskopsgatan 8,FI-20500Åbo Turku,Finland cÅbo Akademi Process Chemistry Center,c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry,Biskopsgatan 8,FI-20500Åbo Turku,Finlanda r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 25February 2014Received in revised form 4June 2014Accepted 23June 2014Available online 12July 2014Keywords:Hot-water extraction HemicellulosesHigh-temperature pH pH calibration Spruce wooda b s t r a c tA high-temperature pH measuring system was developed,calibrated,and validated for measuring pH during hot-water extraction of hemicelluloses from wood.The aim was to measure in-line pH during extraction in order to control the extraction pH.An yttria-stabilized Zr/ZrO 2electrode was used for measuring the potential.Phthalate and phosphate buffers were used to calibrate the system at 160,170,and 180◦C.Also,different buffer concentrations were tested for stability.Tap water and different salt solutions were tested to investigate the system response to pure water and water solutions.Calibration curves were acquired from the calibration results and Nernst equation was used to calculate the in-line pH during wood extractions.The setup showed stable and reliable potential readings during both calibration tests and wood extractions.The in-line pH was found to be 0.35pH units higher than when measured at room temperature with a conventional pH meter.©2014Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionHigh-temperature pH measurements are vastly desirable and important in several scientiﬁc and industrial ﬁelds such as geother-mal studies,water coolant circuits in nuclear reactors,plumbing,food industries,and high-temperature thermodynamic studies of aqueous solutions (Lvov et al.,1998;Manna et al.,2004;Huang et al.,2009;Jung and Yeon,2010).Bioreﬁnery of renewable plant materials is a new emerging ﬁeld where high-temperature pH mea-suring will become important.Nowadays modern bioreﬁneries aim to utilize as much as possi-ble of a wide range of different renewable raw materials.Paper mills today use the cellulose in wood for paper production and the other wood components,mainly hemicelluloses and lignin,are often burned for energy production.Although the energy produced is vital for the process,utilizing more or even all the components in the tree for more value-added products the industry might improve the ﬁnancial revenue signiﬁcantly.A common method for obtaining various hemicelluloses from wood is with pressurized hot-water extraction (Song et al.,2008;Leppänen et al.,2011;Krogell et al.,2013).In recent years,studies on hot-water extraction of hemi-celluloses from wood presents an interesting additional step in∗Corresponding author.Tel.:+358400690029;fax:+35822154868.E-mail addresses:jekrogel@abo.ﬁ,krogellj@ (J.Krogell).a bioreﬁnery process (Yoon and van Heiningen,2008,2010;Liu,2010),where pH plays an important role.The extracted hemicel-luloses could be used as feedstock for bioethanol,biopolymers,emulsion stabilizers,and in possible health applications (Hartman et al.,2006;Ragauskas et al.,2006;Willför et al.,2008;Mikkonen et al.,2009;Xu et al.,2011).Many water properties change at higher temperature;the dielectric constant decrease,viscosity decreases,lower surface ten-sion (Yang et al.,1998),and also pH decrease.These property changes could be a reason why hot-water extraction is such a good method for hemicellulose extraction.The drop in pH during a hot-water extraction of wood is a result of a combination of the enhanced auto-ionization of water at higher temperatures,which increases the H 3O +ion concentration (Zumdahl and Zumdahl,2007)and an induced formation of acetic acid from cleaved acetyl groups from the hemicellulose chains (Liu,2010).It is a well-known fact that in acidic media,acid hydrolysis cleaves the glycosidic bonds between the sugar units in the hemicellulose chain with chain degradation and loss of molar mass as results (Lai,2001).The pH may also affect the dissolution of the hemicelluloses from the wood matrix through breaking of glycosidic bonds;however this is not yet fully proven.These examples show the importance of pH and correct in-line pH measuring and eventually in-line pH-control during extraction of hemicelluloses from wood.The conventional glass pH electrodes are not suitable for mea-surements of pH at elevated temperatures because the hydrogen/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.0460926-6690/©2014Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.10J.Krogell et al./Industrial Crops and Products61(2014)9–15ion sensitive glass membrane will degrade and loose its ion sensi-tivity(Galster,1991;Morf,1995).The upper working temperature for commercial laboratory pH electrodes are about80–100◦C, depending on if the inner reference electrolyte is in gel or liq-uid form(SI Analytics,2012).Further on,calibration of pH meters is also difﬁcult at higher temperatures.The pH measurement is highly temperature dependent,especially at elevated temperatures (>100◦C),very little information on measured pH values for buffers at these temperatures are to be found.Some literature mention measured pH values above100◦C but they are few and originate from1960s(Le Peintre,1960;Krykov et al.,1966).Over the last decades,beginning in the early1980s,high-temperature and high-pressure compatible pH electrodes have been developed.These electrodes are mainly ceramic solid metal/metal oxide electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide(YS Zr/ZrO2)electrode is probably the most common (Niedrach,1980a;Niedrach and Stoddard,1985;Lvov et al.,2000, 2003).The YS Zr/ZrO2ceramic membrane is in fact an oxygen-ion conducting membrane,but because of the close relation between oxygen and hydrogen ions in the potential determining reaction O2+4H++4e−=2H2Othe electrode also functions well as a hydrogen sensitive(pH)elec-trode(Niedrach,1980a,b).Since the Zr/ZrO2electrode also is very stable regarding corrosion and redox potential at high tempera-tures it has been used as an excellent reference electrode when measuring corrosion and redox potentials in high temperature aqueous solutions(Niedrach,1982;Niedrach and Stoddard,1985).The aims of this work were to construct,calibrate,and validate the setup for a high-temperature and high-pressure pH measur-ing system,as well as evaluate the measurements for hot-water extraction of hemicelluloses from spruce wood.2.Material and methods2.1.Reactor setupThe experiments were carried out in a1000mL stainless steel 316batch reactor system(Autoclave Engineers,PA,USA)(Fig.1). The system was equipped with a Dispersimax TM turbine stirrer, heating mantle,and a sampling valve.The temperature was con-trolled by a Eurotherm2416temperature controller(Eurotherm, VA,USA)and logged to a computer with PicoLog TC datalogger and PicoLog software.Furthermore the system was equipped with a solid ZrO2-based high-temperature and high-pressure pH elec-trode(Corr Instruments,TX,USA)and a high-temperature and high-pressure Ag/AgCl reference electrode(Corr Instruments,TX, USA).The pH electrode was an yttria-stabilized Zr/ZrO2membrane electrode with a Queon TM seal and a pressure range of0–136bars and temperature range of90–305◦C.The reference electrode was a0.1N KClﬁlled internal pressure-balanced Ag/AgCl electrode witha ceramic frit as a junction partly based on ZrO2,Queon TM seal and a pressure range of0–136bars and temperature range of0–305◦C. The potential was recorded with a MeterLab®PHM220lab pH meter(Radiometer Analytical,Lyon,France)high-input impedance voltmeter and logged to a computer.2.2.MaterialsThree different sets of water samples were used for testing the system response for only water.Normal tap water from the labora-tory tap,ultrapure water with0.05M NaCl(Merck KGaA,Damstadt, Germany,Analysis grade),and ultrapure water with0.05M KCl (J.T.Baker®,Deventer,The Netherlands,Analysis grade).The ultra-pure water was taken from a Milli-Q Advantage A10Ultrapure Fig.1.Batch extractor setup.ADC,analog digital converter;PI,pressure indicator; TIC,temperature indicator and controller.Water puriﬁcation system(Millipore Corporation,Billerica,MA, USA).Potassium hydrogen phthalate,C8H5KO4(Merck KGaA, Damstadt,Germany),Potassium dihydrogen phosphate,Na2HPO4 (VWR,Leuven,Belgium),and sodium monohydrogen phosphate, H2KPO4(J.T.Baker,Deventer,Holland)were used for the calibration solutions.All salts for calibration solution preparation were of analysis grade.The wood used in the extractions was knot-free sapwood from a healthy Norway spruce tree,felled in southern Finland.2.3.Methods2.3.1.TheoryNormally when measuring pH,a conventional laboratory pH meter,the glass electrode,is used.The pH meter measures the difference in potential caused by hydrogen ion activity in a solu-tion between a hydrogen ion sensitive electrode and a reference electrode(usually an Ag/AgCl electrode).Normally both electrodes are embedded in the pH probe along with a thermometer.In fact, the measured potential consists of several intermediate potentials within the pH meter.Such are the potential difference between the sample solution and the gel layers on the glass membrane(inside, as well as outside),the potential difference between the reference electrode and the reference electrolyte solution and the potential difference between the reference electrolyte and the sample solu-tion through a junction.These form a potential chain where all but the potential between the sample solution and the glass membrane are constant.With the measured potential and the temperature the pH meter uses Nernst equation(1)(Christian,1994).Although the high-temperature pH electrode used in this study is not glass-basedJ.Krogell et al./Industrial Crops and Products61(2014)9–1511 it has been shown that it follows Nernstian behavior and thereforeEqs.(1)and(2)can be used(Lvov et al.,2003).E=E0−2.303RTF×(−lg(˛H))(1)or rearranged Eq.(2)to calculate pH from the potentialpH=E0−ES(2)where E is the measured potential,E0is the standard electrode potential,R is the gas constant,T is the temperature in Kelvin,Fis Faradays constant,a is the activity of the measured specie,in this case the hydrogen ion and S is2.303×RT/F.S is also known as the calibration slope.The standard electrode potential,E0,is a constant that includes the different internal potentials e.g.diffusion poten-tial,different phase boundaries potential,as well as an asymmetry potential.The asymmetry potential exists across the glass mem-brane and is a result from physical defects of the membrane such as non-uniform composition,mechanical and chemical attacks,and the degree of hydration.This will slowly change with time and it is therefore very important to calibrate the pH meter from time to time(Christian,1994).2.3.2.CalibrationBecause the working range of the commercial high-temperature pH electrode used in this work is from90◦C to200◦C,it is not possible to calibrate the system with buffers at room temperature, as it is normally done with conventional laboratory pH meters. And because the potential response is very temperature depend-ent,calibration at room temperature would not be valid at higher temperatures anyway.Nernst equation(Eq.(2))is used for calculating pH values from the measured potential.To be able to do so,E0and S should be known and to determine E0and S for the system one should have solutions with known and stable pH at the used tempera-tures.Data on pH values for diluted sulfuric acid(0.0005M)and diluted sodium hydroxide(0.001M)at elevated temperatures was provided by the manufacturer and these solutions were tested at 170◦C.Unfortunately the potential responses from the electrodes were not very stable(especially for the NaOH)and,because of drifting,no good readings could be achieved.Hence buffers with different pH were tested at160◦C,170◦C,and180◦C.The different buffer solutions were0.05mol/kg potassium hydrogen phthalate with a pH of4.005at25◦C,0.025mol/kg disodium hydrogen phos-phate+0.025mol/kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a pH of 6.857at25◦C.These buffers gave stable mV readings at the studied temperatures.The pH values for these buffers at the high tempera-tures were taken from Galster(1991)in accordance to the electrode manufacturer.Galster reported pH values for the phthalate buffer up to150◦C so an extrapolation was made with goodﬁt to provide the pH values for160,170,and180◦C.The pH values for the phos-phate buffer was reported for100,125,150,175,200,225,and 250◦C so a model wasﬁtted to the plotted curve to get the pH val-ues at160,170,and180◦C for the phosphate buffer as well.With these acquired values,it was possible to plot the known pH val-ues against the measured potential of the phthalate and phosphate buffers at different temperatures to acquire the calibration curves.Inserting the y-axis intercept(E0)and the slope(S)from the calibration curve with the potential(E)measured during a wood extraction into Eq.(2)gives the in-line pH value during the extrac-tion.2.3.3.Wood extractionWood extractions were carried out with wood particles (1.25–2mm)of spruce sapwood with a liquid to wood ratio of33at 170◦C to test the system response.A removable protection net was20406080100120140160180200 2503003504004504321Time (h)Potentia l (m V)Temperature (°C)Temperatur ePotentialTapwater20406080100120140160180200 3253503754004321KClNaClTemperatur ePotentialTime (h)Potentia l (m V)Temperature (°C)water with saltsUltrapureFig.2.Potential response from different water tests at160,170and180◦C Tap water (top)and ultrapure water with0.05M NaCl and0.05M KCl salt addition(bottom).constructed and installed in the reactor between the electrodes and the wood material and stirrer.This was used during wood extrac-tions to prevent wood particles from damaging the electrodes and prevent particles to get stuck inside the protective tube of the elec-trodes.Samples of the extract were taken from the reactor when the temperature reached170◦C,after2.5min,5min,10min,20min, 60min,and120min.The samples were then cooled down to room temperature and pH was measured with a conventional glass elec-trode pH meter.The heating time for the system to reach170◦C was about40min.3.Results and discussion3.1.Water testsTap water,0.25M NaCl and0.25M KCl solutions of ultrapure water were tested to investigate how the electrodes respond to pure water and water solutions.Parallel experiments were made at160,170,and180◦C for each sample.The salt solutions showed by far the best stability for electrochemical potential readings with very little signal noise compared to the tap water(Fig.2).The tap water tests showed more signal noise than the salt solutions, which corroborates that ions in general,not necessarily hydrogen ions,present in the solution stabilize the system due to increased conductivity(Galster,1991).The conductivity for tap water was 218␮S/cm,and much higher for the0.25M NaCl and the0.25M KCl solutions,2.9mS/cm and3.4mS/cm,respectively.A slight shift in potential between the parallel experiments,nor-mally between0and5mV could be observed for all the different water tests.Recalculated to pH a difference of5mV corresponds to about0.08pH units at room temperature.The difference in poten-tial was also slightly increasing with a couple of mV during the experiment time for the tap water.Overall the repeatability can be considered good since the difference in mV between the experi-ments only corresponds to a difference in pH of about0.08.TheJ.Krogell et al./Industrial Crops and Products 61(2014)9–1513y = 0.00002x 2+ 0.00119x +3.96800R² = 0.999003.544.5520015010050Phthalate bufferTemperature (°C)pHy = 0.00002x 20.00194x + 6.88378-R² = 0.9963067830025020015010050Phosphate bufferTemperature (°C)pHFig.4.pH values at different temperatures for 0.05mol/kg potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer and 0.025mol/kg disodium hydrogen phosphate +0.025mol/kg potassiumdihydrogen phosphate buffer.The thick lines are values from literature (Galster,1991)while the dotted line is an extrapolation of the literature values.y = -76.01x + 950.27y = -87.89x + 986.21y = -90.09x + 992.39y = -92.29x + 1,001.4625030035040045050055060065070012108642100 °C 160 °C 170 °C 180 °CPot ent ial (mV)Estimated pHFig.5.Calibration curves for 100◦C,160◦C,170◦C,and 180◦C with the slope factor and intercept described in the line equations for the different temperatures.With the measured potential for the different buffers at the dif-ferent temperatures and the estimated pH it was possible to plot the potential versus the estimated pH (Fig.5).The plot describes lines with a slope and an intercept,which are used in Eq.(2)for calculating the in-line pH value during wood extractions at the different temperatures.Table 2presents the slopes and intercepts,as well as the potentials and estimated pH values at the different temperatures.To check how close the measured slope was to the theoretical values,a comparison between these two was made.The theoretical slope for the high temperatures was calculated as mentioned in Section 2.3.1and the results are presented in Table 3.The theoretical calibration slope is naturally a straight line,but the measured slope starts to differ from the theoretical after 100◦C.As stated earlier,not even laboratory pH meters show the theo-retical pH even at room temperature;normally a deviation of a couple of percent is acceptable (SCHOTT Instruments handylab pH 12Operation manual 2011).Therefore,the deviation of the slope for the high-temperature pH electrodes at the high temperatures is to be expected.Furthermore,as the electrodes undergo aging the potential response also changes with time.The high-temperature electrodes have also showed this behavior,approximately a dif-ference of 5mV over a 6months period.Therefore it is important to calibrate the electrodes before using them on a weekly basis as it is for conventional glass pH meters.The change in poten-tial varies depending on usage,application conditions,and storage conditions.A buffer concentration study was made to investigate what effect the buffer concentration has on the potential response.Phthalate buffer (pH 4)and phosphate buffer (pH 7)was selectedfor300350400450500550600650mol/L(mV)Potential Fig.6.Potential response for phthalate buffer and phosphate buffer solutions with different concentration at 160◦C,170◦C and 180◦C.this study with three different concentrations respectively,0.01M,0.05M and 0.1M.Fig.6shows the result from the concentration study.The results in Fig.6suggest that the potential responses are slightly lower with increased temperature for both buffers.This phenomenon can be explained from the nature of Nernst equa-tion (1);when the temperature increases on the right-hand side of the equality sign it decreases the potential on the left-hand side.The same was seen in the buffer solution experiments (Fig.3).The slight incline of the lines in Fig.6shows that the potential response is slightly lower for more diluted buffers.In terms of pH,this means that pH actually increases when a buffer is diluted.This is due to a decrease in ionic strength,which will increase the activity coef-ﬁcient of the buffer salt leading to a slight increase in pH (Perrin and Dempsey,1974;Christian,1994).This phenomenon was also observed when the same buffers with the same concentrations were tested at room temperature with a conventional pH meter.The relative standard deviation for the buffer concentration tests were between 0.25and 3.2mV for the phthalate buffer and below 1mV for the phosphate buffer.A general trend was that the RSD decreased with increasing concentration,especially for the phos-phate buffer.The stable results from the buffer concentration study also conﬁrm that the high-temperature electrodes were working properly and can be used in practice,i.e.for wood extractions.3.3.Wood extractionWith stable and reliable potential readings from the different buffers,it was possible to recalculate the measured potential read-ings from the wood extractions using Eq.(2)and slope and intercept14J.Krogell et al./Industrial Crops and Products 61(2014)9–153.03.54.04.55.03:303:002:302:001:301:000:300:00Time (h)Fig.7.In-line pH measurements during two 170◦C hot-water extractions of spruce wood.Solid lines represent in-line measurements and dotted lines pH measured with a conventional glass electrode at room temperature.from Table 2to actual in-line pH during wood extraction.Two par-allel wood extractions were made at 170◦C and the in-line pH of those extractions is presented in Fig.7,as well as the measured pH after sample cool down.The pH value measured in-line was about 0.35pH units higher than that measured at room temperature.A reason for this dif-ference could be that the dissociation of acetic acid,the main contributor to the pH drop during the extraction,is slightly exother-mic and p K a increases at higher temperatures (Fisher and Barnes,1972).The equilibrium is therefore shifted toward the protonated form of the acid,with less free hydrogen ions in the solution.When the samples cool down to ambient temperatures,the pH thus decreases.Previous studies of hot-water extraction of hemicellu-loses from spruce show the same pH proﬁle and also a signiﬁcant depolymerization of the hemicelluloses when the pH decreases (Song et al.,2008,2011;Krogell et al.,2013).At pH 4and below,the average molar mass decreased substantially already after 10min of extraction.These new ﬁndings in our study suggest that the hydrol-ysis of hemicellulose chains takes place already at signiﬁcantly higher pH at these elevated temperatures.With a potential RSD 0.5mV that corresponds to a pH RSD of 0.01units between the parallel wood extractions show yet again good repeatability and stability and more important,the pH measured in-line follows in parallel with the pH measured with a laboratory pH meter after the samples cooled down.This gives an indication that the in-line pH system is working and the calculation theory is correct.This will have a positive impact on the possibility to measure and adjust the pH in hot-water extractions of a particular plant biomass and thus to control the extraction and subsequent degradation of polymeric substances.4.ConclusionsRepeatable and reliable high-temperature pH measurements can be made during hot-water extraction of hemicelluloses from wood with an yttria stabilized Zr/ZrO 2pH electrode after calibra-tion with phthalate and phosphate buffers.The in-line pH at 170◦C was shown to be about 0.35units higher than when samples had been cooled down to room temperature and measured with at con-ventional pH meter.The in-line pH measurement possible it opens up for the possibility of continuous in-line pH control during extrac-tion process and with that a better opportunity to tailor the end products.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Lietai Yang,Ph.D.at Corr Instruments for the help with the many questions about the elec-trodes and Jimmy Dahlqvist at the Åbo Akademi University metalworkshop for manufacturing of the custom made protective net for the electrodes.This work is part of the activities at the Åbo Akademi University Process Chemistry Center.Financial support from FuBio Joint Research 2is gratefully acknowledged,as well as support from the Doctoral Program for Biomass Reﬁning (BIOREGS)and European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence (EPNOE).ReferencesChristian,G.D.,1994.Potentiometry.Analytical Chemistry,191.,5th ed.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,pp.299–345.Fisher,J.R.,Barnes,H.L.,1972.The ion-product constant of water to 350◦C.J.Phys.Chem.76,90–99.Galster,H.,1991.pH measurement Fundamentals,Methods,Applications,Instru-mentations.VCH Verlagsgesellschaft,Weinheim,pp.60,168,262.Hartman,J.,Albertsson,A.-C.,Söderqvist Lindblad,M.,Sjöberg,J.,2006.Oxygenbarrier materials from renewable sources:material properties of softwood hemicellulose-based ﬁlms.J.Appl.Polym.Sci.100,2985–2991.Huang,J.,Wu,X.,Han,E.-H.,2009.Inﬂuence of pH on 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Memosens CCS51D 自由乙酸钾传感器说明说明书

Memosens CCS51D offers high-precision measurement with long-term stability to guarantee optimum process monitoringApplicationMemosens CCS51D is a free chlorine sensor for skid builders and end customers. It measures reliably in:•Drinking water - to ensure reliable disinfection•Food - to guarantee food safety and provide hygienic packaging and bottling •Utilities - to detect the absence or presence of free chlorine •Pool water - to dose disinfectant efficiently Your benefits•The right sensor version for every application: From trace measurement up to free chlorine concentrations of 200 mg/l.•Fast response time (t 90 < 25 s) provides an accurate process view and enables prompt reaction to process changes as well as efficient process control.•Increased process safety: precise and long-term stable measurement ensures consistent process monitoring and allows for individually adapted disinfectant dosing.•The low-maintenance, amperometric sensor reduces the cost of ownership of the measuring point, particularly compared to colorimetric measuring systems.•More process up-time thanks to fast sensor exchange: pre-calibrate the sensor in your lab and then swap it into your process with plug & play.•Connection to the Liquiline multiparameter transmitter allows for easycombination with other relevant parameters of liquid analysis such as pH and ORP.Other advantages of Memosens technology •Maximum process safety•Data security thanks to digital data transmission •Very easy to use as sensor data saved in the sensor•Recording of sensor load data in the sensor enables predictive maintenanceProducts Solutions ServicesTechnical Information Memosens CCS51DDigital sensor with Memosens technology for determining free chlorineTI01423C/07/EN/01.18714264842018-09-20Memosens CCS51D2Endress+HauserFunction and system designMeasuring principleFree chlorine levels are determined using hypochlorous acid in accordance with the amperometric measuring principle.The hypochlorous acid (HOCl) contained in the medium diffuses through the sensor membrane and is reduced to chloride ions (Cl -) at the gold cathode. At the silver anode, silver is oxidized to silver chloride. Electron donation at the gold cathode and electron acceptance at the silver anode causes a current to flow which is proportional to the concentration of free chlorine in the medium at constant conditions.The concentration of hypochlorous acid depends on the pH value. An additional pH measurement is used to compensate for this dependency.The transmitter uses the current signal to calculate the measured variable for concentration in mg/l (ppm).FunctionThe sensor consists of:•Membrane cap (measuring chamber with membrane)•Sensor shaft with anode with large surface area (counter-electrode) and a cathode embedded in plastic (working electrode)The electrodes are in an electrolyte which is separated from the medium by a membrane. The membrane prevents the electrolyte from leaking and protects against contaminant penetration.The measuring system is calibrated by means of a colorimetric comparison measurement inaccordance with the DPD method for free chlorine. The calibration value determined is entered in the transmitter.Measuring systemA complete measuring system comprises:•Disinfection sensor CCS51D (membrane-covered, ⌀25 mm) with corresponding installation adapter•Flowfit CCA250 flow assembly •Measuring cable CYK10, CYK20•Transmitter , e. g. Liquiline CM44x or CM44xR •Optional: extension cable CYK11•Optional: Immersion assembly Flexdip CYA112•Optional: proximity switchMemosens CCS51DEndress+Hauser 31Example of a measuring system1Liquiline CM44x transmitter 2Power cable for transmitter3Disinfection sensor CCS51D (membrane-covered, ⌀25 mm)4Flowfit CCA250 flow assembly5Inlet to Flowfit CCA250 flow assembly 6Proximity switch (optional)7CPS31D pH sensor8Measuring cable CYK10Dependability Reliability•Non-contact, digital signal transmission enables optimum galvanic isolation •Dust- and waterproof (IP 68)•Sensor can be calibrated in a lab, thus increasing the availability of the measuring point in the process•Predictive maintenance thanks to recording of sensor data, e.g.:–Total hours of operation–Hours of operation with very high or very low measured values –Hours of operation at high temperatures –Calibration historyMaintainabilityEasy handlingSensors with Memosens technology have integrated electronics that store calibration data and other information (e. g. total hours of operation or operating hours under extreme measuring conditions).Once the sensor has been connected, the sensor data are transferred automatically to the transmitterMemosens CCS51D4Endress+Hauserand used to calculate the current measured value. As the calibration data are stored in the sensor,the sensor can be calibrated and adjusted independently of the measuring point. The result:•Easy calibration in the measuring lab under optimum external conditions increases the quality of the calibration.•Pre-calibrated sensors can be replaced quickly and easily, resulting in a dramatic increase in the availability of the measuring point.•Thanks to the availability of the sensor data, maintenance intervals can be accurately defined and predictive maintenance is possible.•The sensor history can be documented on external data carriers and in evaluation programs,.•Thus, the current application of the sensors can be made to depend on their previous history.SafetyData security thanks to digital data transmissionMemosens technology digitizes the measured values in the sensor and transmits the data to the transmitter via a non-contact connection that is free from potential interference. The result:•Automatic error message if sensor fails or connection between sensor and transmitter is interrupted•Immediate error detection increases measuring point availabilityInputMeasured variablesFree chlorine (HOCl)[mg/l, μg/l, ppm, ppb]Temperature [°C, °F]Measuring rangesCCS51D-**11AD 0 to 5 mg/l (ppm) HOCl CCS51D-**11BF 0 to 20 mg/l (ppm) HOCl CCS51D-**11CJ 0 to 200 mg/l (ppm) HOCl Signal currentCCS51D-**11AD 33 to 63 nA per 1 mg/l (ppm) HOCl CCS51D-**11BF 9 to 18 nA per 1 mg/l (ppm) HOCl CCS51D-**11CJ9 to 18 nA per 1 mg/l (ppm) HOClPower supplyElectrical connectionThe electrical connection to the transmitter is established using measuring cable CYK10 or CYK20.2Measuring cable CYK10/CYK20‣To extend the cable, use measuring cable CYK11. The maximum cable length is 100 m (328 ft).3Electrical connection, M12 plugMemosens CCS51DEndress+Hauser 5Performance characteristicsReference operating conditionsTemperature 20 °C (68 °F)pH value pH 5.5 ±0.2Flow40 to 60 cm/s HOCl-free base mediumMains waterResponse time T 90 < 25 s (after completing polarization)The T 90 time can be longer under certain conditions. If the sensor is operated or stored in a chlorine-free medium for a longer period, the sensor response starts immediately if chlorine is present but only reaches the exact concentration value after a delay.Measured value resolution of sensorCCS51D-**11AD 0.03 µg/l (ppb) HOCl CCS51D-**11BF 0.13 µg/l (ppb) HOCl CCS51D-**11CJ 1.1 µg/l (ppb) HOClMeasured error 1)±2 % or ±5 µg/l (ppb) of value measured (depending on which value is higher)LOD (limit of detection)LOQ (limit of quantification)CCS51D-**11AD 0.002 mg/l (ppm)0.005 mg/l (ppm)CCS51D-**11BF 0.002 mg/l (ppm)0.007 mg/l (ppm)CCS51D-**11CJ0.008 mg/l (ppm)0.027 mg/l (ppm)RepeatabilityCCS51D-**11AD 0.0031 mg/l (ppm)CCS51D-AA11BF 0.0035 mg/l (ppm)CCS51D-AA11CJ 0.062 mg/l (ppm)Nominal slopeCCS51D-**11AD 48 nA per 1 mg/l (ppm) ClO 2CCS51D-**11BF 14 nA per 1 mg/l (ppm) ClO 2CCS51D-**11CJ14 nA per 1 mg/l (ppm) ClO 2Long-term drift< 1 % per month (mean value, determined while operating at varying concentrations and under reference conditions)Polarization timeInitial commissioning 60 min Recommissioning30 minOperating time of the electrolyteat maximum concentration and 55 °C 60 days at 50 % of measuring range and 20 °C 1 year at 10 % of measuring range and 20 °C2 years1)Based on ISO 15839. The measured error includes all the uncertainties of the sensor and transmitter (measuring chain). It does not contain all the uncertainties caused by the reference material and adjustments that may have been performed.Memosens CCS51D6Endress+HauserInstallationOrientationDo not install upside-down!‣Install the sensor in an assembly, support or appropriate process connection at an angle of atleast 15 ˚ to the horizontal.‣Other angles of inclination are not permitted.‣Follow the instructions for installing the sensor in the Operating Instructions of the assemblyused.A Permitted orientation BIncorrect orientationImmersion depth 77 mm (3.03 in)Installation instructionsInstallation in Flowfit CCA151 flow assemblyThe disinfection sensor (membrane-covered, ⌀25 mm) is designed for installation in the Flowfit CCA151 flow assembly if the pH value for compensation is provided in another way.Please note the following during installation:‣The flow rate must be at least 5 l/h (1.32 gal/h).‣If the medium is returned to an overflow basin, pipe or similar, the resulting counterpressure onthe sensor must not exceed 1 bar (14.5 psi) and must remain constant.‣Avoid negative pressure at the sensor, e.g. due to medium being returned to the suction side of apump.‣To avoid buildup, heavily contaminated water should also be filtered.Memosens CCS51DEndress+Hauser 7Preparing assembly 1.The assembly is supplied to the customer with a union nut screwed onto the assembly: unscrew union nut from assembly.4Flowfit CCA151 flow assembly 1Union nut2.The assembly is supplied to the customer with a dummy plug inserted in the assembly: remove dummy plug from assembly.Equip sensor with adapterThe required adapter (clamping ring, thrust collar and O-ring) can be ordered as a mounted sensor accessory or as a separate accessory .1.First slide the clamping ring, then the thrust collar, and then the O-ring from the membrane cap towards the sensor head and into the lower groove.5Slide clamping ring (1), thrust collar (2) and O-ring (3) upwards from the membrane cap to the sensor shaft and into the lower groove.Installing sensor in assembly 2.Slide sensor with adapter for Flowfit CCA151 into the opening in the assembly.Memosens CCS51D8Endress+Hauser3.Screw union nut onto assembly on block.6Flowfit CCA151 flow assembly 1Disinfection sensor2Flowfit CCA151 flow assembly3Union nut for securing a disinfection sensorInstallation in Flowfit CCA250 flow assemblyThe sensor can be installed in the Flowfit CCA250 flow assembly. It allows a pH and ORP sensor to be installed, in addition to the chlorine or chlorine dioxide sensor. A needle valve regulates the flow in the range of 30 to 120 l/h (7.9 to 30 gal/h).Please note the following during installation:‣The flow rate must be at least 30 l/h (7.92 gal/h). If the flow drops below this value or stopscompletely, this can be detected by an inductive proximity switch and used to trigger an alarm with locking of the dosage pumps.‣If the medium is returned to an overflow basin, pipe or similar, the resulting counterpressure onthe sensor must not exceed 1 bar (14.5 psi) and must remain constant.‣Negative pressure at the sensor e.g. due to medium being returned to the suction side of a pump,must be avoided.Equip sensor with adapterThe required adapter can be ordered as a mounted sensor accessory or as a separate accessory.1.Slide adapter for Flowfit CCA250 from the sensor head up to the stop on the sensor.7Slide on adapter for Flowfit CCA250.2.Lock the adapter in place using the two studs provided.For detailed information on "Installing sensor in Flowfit CCA250 assembly", see Operating Instructions for assemblyMemosens CCS51DEndress+Hauser 9Installation in other flow assembliesWhen using other flow assemblies, please ensure the following:‣The flow velocity at the membrane must always be at least 15 cm/s (0.49 ft/s).‣The flow direction is upwards. Transported air bubbles must be removed so that they do notcollect in front of the membrane.‣The flow must be directed to the membrane.Installation in Flexdip CYA112 immersion assemblyAlternatively, the sensor can be installed in an immersion assembly with G1 threaded connection,e. g.Ensure sufficient flow towards the sensor when using the immersion assembly .Equip sensor with adapterThe required adapter can be ordered as a mounted sensor accessory or as a separate accessory.1.Slide adapter for Flexdip CYA112 from the sensor head up to the stop on the sensor.8Slide on adapter for Flexdip CYA112.2.Lock the adapter in place using the two studs provided.For detailed information on "Installing sensor in Flexdip CYA112 assembly", see Operating Instructions for assemblyEnvironmentAmbient temperature range -20 to +60 °C (-4 to 140 °F)Degree of protection IP 68 (1.8 m (5.91 ft)) water column over 7 days at 20 °C (68 °F)ProcessProcess temperature +0 to 55 °C (32 to 130 °F), non-freezingProcess pressureThe inlet pressure depends on the specific fitting and installation.The measurement can take place with a free outlet.Memosens CCS51D10Endress+HauserThe medium pressure directly upstream from the sensor membrane must not exceed 1 bar (14.5 psi)abs.‣In terms of sensor condition and performance, it is essential that the flow velocity limits specifiedin the following table be observed.Flow velocity [cm/s]Volume flow [l/h]Flowfit CCA250Flowfit CCA151FlexdipCYA112Minimum 15305The sensor is suspended freely in the medium;pay attention to the minimum flow velocity of15 cm/s during installation.Maximum8014520pH rangeCalibration pH 4 to 8Measurement pH 4 to 9Flow remains stable for a minimum of 5 l/h (1.32 gal/hr), in the Flowfit CCA151 flow assembly remains stable for a minimum of 30 l/h (8 gal/hr), in the Flowfit CCA250 flow assemblyMinimum flow remains stable for a minimum of 15 cm/s (0.5 ft/s), e.g. with Flexdip CYA112 immersion assemblyMechanical construction9Dimensions in mm (in)WeightSensor with membrane cap and electrolyte (without protection cap and without adapter)Approx. 95 g (3.35 oz)Memosens CCS51DEndress+Hauser 11Materials Sensor shaftPVC MembranePVDF Membrane capPVDF Protection cap•Vessel: PC Makrolon (polycarbonate)•Seal: Kraiburg TPE TM5MED •Cover: PC Makrolon (polycarbonate)Sealing ring FKM Cable specification max. 100 m (330 ft), incl. Cable extensionCertificates and approvalsmark Declaration of ConformityThe product meets the requirements of the harmonized European standards. As such, it complies with the legal specifications of the EU directives. The manufacturer confirms successful testing of the product by affixing to it the mark.Ex approvals 2)cCSAus NI Cl. I, Div. 2This product complies with the requirements defined in:•UL 61010-1•ANSI/ISA 12.12.01•FM 3600•FM 3611•CSA C22.2 NO. 61010-1-12•CSA C22.2 NO. 213-16•Control drawing: 401204Ordering informationProduct page /ccs51d Product Configurator On the product page there is a Configure button to the right of the product image.1.Click this button. The Configurator opens in a separate window.2.Select all the options to configure the device in line with your requirements. In this way, you receive a valid and complete order code for the device.3.Export the order code as a PDF or Excel file. To do so, click the appropriate button on the rightabove the selection window.For many products you also have the option of downloading CAD or 2D drawings of the selected product version. Click the CAD tab for this and select the desired file type using picklists.Scope of delivery The delivery comprises:•Disinfection sensor (membrane-covered, ⌀25 mm) with protection cap (ready for use)•Bottle of electrolyte (50 ml (1.69 fl.oz))•Replacement membrane cap in protection cap •Operating Instructions2)Only if connected to CM44x(R)-CD*Memosens CCS51D12Endress+HauserAccessoriesThe following are the most important accessories available at the time this documentation was issued.‣For accessories not listed here, please contact your Service or Sales Center.Maintenance kit CCV05Order according to product structure•2 x membrane caps and 1 x electrolyte 50 ml (1.69 fl.oz)•1 x electrolyte50 ml (1.69 fl.oz)•2 x sealing setDevice-specific accessories Memosens data cable CYK10•For digital sensors with Memosens technology •Product Configurator on the product page:/cyk10Technical Information TI00118CMemosens data cable CYK11•Extension cable for digital sensors with Memosens protocol •Product Configurator on the product page:/cyk11Technical Information TI00118CMemosens laboratory cable CYK20•For digital sensors with Memosens technology •Product Configurator on the product page: /cyk20Flowfit CCA151•Flow assembly for chlorine dioxide sensors •Product Configurator on the product page:/cca151Technical Information TI01357CFlowfit CCA250•Flow assembly for chlorine and pH/ORP sensors •Product Configurator on the product page:/cca250Technical Information TI00062CFlexdipCYA112•Immersion assembly for water and wastewater •Modular assembly system for sensors in open basins, channels and tanks •Material: PVC or stainless steel •Product Configurator on the product page:/cya112Technical Information TI00432CPhotometer PF-3•Compact hand-held photometer for determining free available chlorine •Color-coded reagent bottles with clear dosing instructions •Order No.: 71257946Adapter kit CCS5x(D) for CCA250•Adapter incl. O-rings •2 studs for locking in place •Order No. 71372025Adapter kit CCS5x(D) for CYA112•Adapter incl. O-rings •2 studs for locking in place •Order No. 71372026COY8Zero-point gel for oxygen and chlorine sensors •Oxygen-free gel for the validation, calibration and adjustment of oxygen measuring cells •Product Configurator on the product page:/coy8Technical Information TI01244C。

AVL使用手册_Flow_meter

Technical Information TI047D/06/en 50096459ElectromagneticFlow Measuring System PROline promag 50/53 PFlow rate measurement inchemical or process applicationsFeatures and benefits•Nominal diameters DN 15...600•PFA or PTFE lining•PFA for high temperature applications up to +180°C•Fitting lengths to DVGW and ISO •High accuracy:–Promag 50: ± 0.5% (option: ±0.2%)–Promag 53: ± 0.2%•Robust field housing, IP 67•IP 67 wall-mount housing for straight-forward installation of the remote ver-sion•Promag 53 with Touch Control:Operation without opening the housing − also for Ex-rated applications •Additionalsoftware packages:–pulsating flow–for batching applications –with the electrode cleaning•Interfaces for integration into all major process-control systems:–HART interface as standard –Promag 50: PROFIBUS-PA–Promag 53: PROFIBUS-PA/-DP , FOUNDATION Fieldbus•“Quick Setup” menus for straightfor-ward commissioning in the field•Ex approval for installation in Zone 1 (ATEX, FM, CSA, etc.)ApplicationAll fluids with a minimum conductivity of ≥5 µS/cm can be measured:•acids and caustic solutions •paints, lacquers •pastes, mashes•water, wastewater etc.A minimum conductivity of ≥20 µS/cm is required for measuring demineralized water.Liner specific applications:•PTFE lining for standard applications in chemical and process industries.•PFA lining for all applications in chemi-cal and process industries; especially for high process temperatures andapplications with temperature shocks.PROline Promag 50/53 PFunction and system designMeasuring principle Faraday’s law of induction states that a voltage is induced in a conductor moving in a magneticfield.In electromagnetic measuring, the flowing medium corresponds to the moving conductor. Theinduced voltage is proportional to the flow velocity and is detected by two measuring electrodesand transmitted to the amplifier. Flow volume is computed on the basis of the pipe's diameter. Theconstant magnetic field is generated by a switched direct current of alternating polarity.Ue = B · L · vQ = A · vUe = induced voltageB = magnetic induction (magnetic field)L = electrode gapv = flow velocityQ = volume flowA = pipe cross-sectionI = current strengthMeasuring system The measuring system consists of a transmitter and a sensor.Two versions are available:•Compact version: transmitter and sensor form a single mechanical unit.•Remote version: transmitter and sensor are installed separately.Transmitter:•Promag 50 (user interface with push buttons for operation, two-line display)•Promag 53 (“Touch Control” without opening the housing, four-line display)Sensor:•Promag P (DN 15…600)2Endress+HauserPROline Promag 50/53 PInputMeasured variable Flow rate (proportional to induced voltage)Measuring range Typically v = 0.01...10 m/s with the specified measuring accuracyOperable flow range Over 1000 : 1Input signal Status input (auxiliary input):U = 3…30 V DC, R i = 5 kΩ,galvanically isolated.Configurable for: totalizer(s) reset, measured value suppression, error-message reset.Current input (for Promag 53 only):Active/passive selectable, galvanically isolated, full scale value selectable, resolution: 3 µA,temperature coefficient: typ. 0.005% o.r./°C (o.r. = of reading)active: 4...20 mA, R i≤ 150 Ω, U out = 24 V DC, short-circuit-proofpassive: 0/4...20 mA, R i≤ 150 Ω, U max = 30 V DCOutputOutput signal Promag 50Current output:active/passive selectable, galvanically isolated, time constant selectable (0.01...100 s),full scale value selectable, temperature coefficient: typ. 0.005% o.r./°C (o.r. = of reading),resolution: 0.5 µA•active: 0/4…20 mA, R L < 700 Ω (HART: R L≥ 250 Ω)•passive: 4…20 mA, operating voltage V S 18...30 V DC, R i≤ 150 ΩPulse/frequency output:passive, open collector, 30 V DC, 250 mA, galvanically isolated.•Frequency output: full scale frequency 2...1000 Hz (f max = 1250 Hz), on/off ratio 1:1, pulse widthmax. 10 s.•Pulse output: pulse value and pulse polarity selectable, max. pulse width configurable(0.5...2000 ms)PROFIBUS-PA interface:•PROFIBUS-PA in accordance with EN 50170 Volume 2, IEC 61158-2 (MBP),galvanically isolated•Current consumption: 11 mA•Permissible supply voltage: 9...32 V•FDE (Fault Disconnection Electronic): 0 mA•Data transmission rate, supported baudrate: 31.25 kBit/s•Signal encoding: Manchester II•Function blocks: 1x Analog Input, 1 x Totalizer•Output data: Volume flow, Totalizer•Input data: Positive zero return (ON/OFF), Control totalizer, Value for local display•Bus address adjustable via DIP-switches at the measuring deviceEndress+Hauser3PROline Promag 50/53 PPromag 53Current output:active/passive selectable, galvanically isolated, time constant selectable (0.01...100 s),full scale value selectable, temperature coefficient: typically 0.005% o.r./°C (o.r. = of reading),resolution: 0.5 µA•active: 0/4…20 mA, R L < 700 Ω (HART: R L≥ 250 Ω)•passive: 4…20 mA, operating voltage V S 18...30 V DC, R i≤ 150 ΩPulse/frequency output:active/passive selectable, galvanically isolated (Ex i version: only passive)•active: 24 V DC, 25 mA (max. 250 mA during 20 ms), R L > 100 Ω•passive: open collector, 30 V DC, 250 mA•Frequency output: full scale frequency 2...10000 Hz (f max = 12500 Hz), EEx-ia: 2...5000 Hz;on/off ratio 1:1; pulse width max. 10 s.•Pulse output: pulse value and pulse polarity adjustable, pulse width configurable(0.05...2000 ms)PROFIBUS-DP interface:•PROFIBUS-DP/-PA in accordance with EN 50170 Volume 2, IEC 61158-2(MBP),galvanically isolated•Data transmission rate, supported baudrat: 9.6 kBaud...12 MBaud•Automatic data transmission rate recognition•Signal encoding: NRZ-Code•Function blocks: 2 x Analog Input, 3 x Totalizer•Output data: Volume flow, Corrected volumen flow, Totalizer 1 (3)•Input data: Positive zero return (ON/OFF), Totalizer control, Value for local display•Bus address adjustable via DIP-switches at the measuring devicePROFIBUS-PA interface:•PROFIBUS-PA in accordance with EN 50170 Volume 2, IEC 61158-2 (MBP),galvanically isolated•Current consumption: 11 mA•Permissible supply voltage: 9...32 V•Data transmission rate, supported baudrate: 31.25 kBit/s•Error current FDE (Fault Disconnection Electronic): 0 mA•Signal encoding: Manchester II•Function blocks: 2 x Analog Input, 3 x Totalizer•Output data: Volume flow, Corrected volumen flow, Totalizer 1 (3)•Input data: Positive zero return (ON/OFF), Totalizer control, Value for local display•Bus address adjustable via DIP-switches at the measuring deviceFOUNDATION Fieldbus interface:•FOUNDATION Fieldbus H1, IEC 61158-2 (MBP), galvanically isolated•Current consumption: 12 mA•Permissible supply voltage: 9...32 V•Error current FDE (Fault Disconnection Electronic): 0 mA•Data transmission rate, supported baudrate: 31.25 kBit/s•Signal encoding: Manchester II•Function blocks: 5 x Analog Input, 1 x Discrete Output, 1 x PID•Output data: Volume flow, Corrected volumen flow, Totalizer 1 (3)•Input data: Positive zero return (ON/OFF), Reset totalizer•Link Master (LM) functionality is supported4Endress+HauserPROline Promag 50/53 PSignal on alarm•Current output→failure response selectable (e.g. in accord. with NAMUR Recom. NE 43)•Pulse/frequency output→ failure response selectable•Status output (Promag 50) → non-conductive by fault or power supply failure•Relay output (Promag 53)→ de-energized by fault or power supply failureLoad See “Output signal”Switching output Status output (Promag 50):Open collector, max. 30 V DC / 250 mA, galvanically isolated.Configurable for: error messages, Empty Pipe Detection (EPD), flow direction, limit values.Relay outputs (Promag 53):Normally closed (NC or break) or normally open (NO or make) contacts available(default: relay 1 = NO, relay 2 = NC)max. 30 V / 0.5 A AC; 60 V / 0.1 A DC, galvanically isolated.Configurable for: error messages, Empty Pipe Detection (EPD), flow direction, limit values,batching contacts.Low flow cutoff Switch points for low flow cutoff are selectableGalvanic isolation All circuits for inputs, outputs, and power supply are galvanically isolated from each other. Endress+Hauser5PROline Promag 50/53 P6Endress+HauserPower supplyElectrical connection Measuring unitConnecting the transmitter, cable cross-section: max. 2.5 mm 2Top: field housingBottom: wall-mount housing aCable for power supply: 85...260 V AC, 20...55 V AC, 16...62 V DC Terminal No. 1: L1 for AC, L+ for DC Terminal No. 2: N for AC, L- for DCb Signal cable: Terminals Nos. 20–27→Page 8c Ground terminal for protective conductor d Ground terminal for signal-cable shielde Service connector for connecting service interface FXA 193 (FieldCheck, ToF Tool-FieldTool Package)f Cover of the connection compartment gSecuring clampPROline Promag 50/53 PEndress+Hauser 7Electrical connection Measuring unit(bus communication)Connecting the transmitter, cable cross-section: max. 2.5 mm 2Top: field housingBottom: wall-mount housing aCable for power supply: 85...260 V AC, 20...55 V AC, 16...62 V DC Terminal No. 1: L1 for AC, L+ for DC Terminal No. 2: N for AC, L- for DC bFieldbus cable:Terminal No. 26: DP (B) / PA (+) / FF (+) (with reverse polarity protection)Terminal No. 27: DP (A) / PA (–) / FF (–) (with reverse polarity protection)DP (A) = RxD/TxD-N; DP (B) = RxD/TxD-P c Ground terminal for protective conductor d Ground terminal for Fieldbus cablee Service connector for connecting service interface FXA 193 (FieldCheck, ToF Tool-FieldTool Package)f Cover of the connection compartmentgCabel for external termination (only PROFIBUS):Terminal No. 24: +5 V Terminal No. 25: DGND hSecuring clampabgPROline Promag 50/53 P8Endress+HauserTerminal assignment, Promag 50Terminal assignment, Promag 53The inputs and outputs on the communication board can be either permanently assigned or var-iable, depending on the version ordered (see table). Replacements for modules which are defec-tive or which have to be replaced can be ordered as accessories.Terminal No. (inputs / outputs)Order variant 20 (+) / 21 (–)22 (+) / 23 (–)24 (+) / 25 (–)26 (+) / 27 (–) 50***-***********W −−−Current outputHART 50***-***********A −−Frequency output Current outputHART 50***-***********D Status inputStatus outputFrequency outputCurrent outputHART 50***-***********H –––PROFIBUS-PA 50***-***********S ––Frequency output Ex i, passive Current output Ex i active, HART 50***-***********T––Frequency output Ex i, passiveCurrent output Ex i passive, HARTGround connection, power supply →Page 6Terminal No. (inputs / outputs)Order variant20 (+) / 21 (–)22 (+) / 23 (–)24 (+) / 25 (–)26 (+) / 27 (–)Fixed communication boards (fixed assignment)53***-***********A −−Frequency output Current outputHART 53***-***********B Relay outputRelay outputFrequency outputCurrent outputHART 53***-***********F –––PROFIBUS-PAEx i 53***-***********G –––FOUNDATION Fieldbus, Ex i 53***-***********H –––PROFIBUS-PA 53***-***********J –––PROFIBUS-DP 53***-***********K −−−FOUNDATION Fieldbus 53***-***********S −−Frequency outputEx i Current output Ex i active, HART 53***-***********T−−Frequency outputEx iCurrent output Ex i passive, HARTFlexible communication boards 53***-***********C Relay output Relay output Frequency output Current outputHART 53***-***********D Status input Relay output Frequency output Current outputHART 53***-***********L Status input Relay output Relay output Current outputHART 53***-***********M Status input Frequency output Frequency output Current outputHART 53***-***********2Relay output Current output Frequency output Current outputHART 53***-***********4Current input Relay output Frequency output Current outputHART 53***-***********5Status inputCurrent inputFrequency outputCurrent outputHARTGround connection, power supply →Page 6PROline Promag 50/53 PEndress+Hauser9Electrical connection remote versionn.c. = isolated cable shields, not connectedCable entryPower supply and signal cables (inputs/outputs):•Cable entry M20 x 1.5 (8...12 mm)•Threads for cable entries, PG 13.5 (5...15 mm), 1/2" NPT, 1/2"Connecting cable for remote version:•Cable entry M20 x 1.5 (8...12 mm)•Threads for cable entries, PG 13.5 (5...15 mm), 1/2" NPT, 1/2"Cable specifications remote versionCoil cable:•2 x 0.75 mm 2 PVC cable with common, braided copper shield (Ø approx. 7 mm)•Conductor resistance: ≤ 37 Ω/km•Capacitance: core/core, shield grounded: ≤ 120 pF/m •Permanent operating temperature: –20…+80 °C •Cable cross-section: max. 2.5 mm 2Signal cable:•3 x 0.38 mm 2 PVC cable with common, braided copper shield (Ø approx. 7 mm) and individu-ally shielded cores•With Empty Pipe Detection (EPD): 4 x 0.38 mm 2 PVC cable with common, braided copper shield (Ø approx. 7 mm) and individually shielded cores.•Conductor resistance: ≤ 50 Ω/km •Capacitance: core/shield: ≤ 420 pF/m•Permanent operating temperature: –20…+80 °C •Cable cross-section: max. 2.5 mm 2a = signal cable,b = coil current cable (cross-section: max. 2.5 mm 2)1 = core,2 = core insulation,3 = core shield,4 = core jacket,5 = core strengthening,6 = cable shield,7 = outer jacketPROline Promag 50/53 POptionally, E+H also supplies reinforced connecting cables with an additional, metal strenghten-ing braid. We recommend such cables for the following cases:•Cables laid underground•Danger of rodent attack•Device used with ingress protection IP 68Operation in zones of severe electrical interference:The measuring device complies with the general safety requirements in accordance withEN61010, the EMC requirements of EN61326/A1, and NAMUR recommendation NE21.Caution!Grounding is by means of the ground terminals provided for the purpose inside the connectionhousing. Keep the stripped and twisted lengths of cable shield to the terminals as short aspossible.Supply voltage85…260 V AC, 45…65 Hz20…55 V AC, 45…65 Hz16…62 V DCPROFIBUS-PA and FOUNDATION FieldbusNon-Ex: 9...32 V DCEx i: 9...24 V DCEx d: 9...32 V DCPower consumption AC: <15 VA (including sensor)DC: <15 W (including sensor)Switch-on current:•max. 13.5 A (< 50 ms) at 24 V DC•max. 3 A (< 5 ms) at 260 V ACPower supply failure Lasting min. 1 power cycle:•EEPROM or T-DAT™ (Promag 53 only) retain the measuring system data in the event of a powersupply failure•S-DAT™ = exchangeable data storage chip which stores the data of the sensor (nominal diam-eter, serial number, calibration factor, zero point, etc.)Potential equalisation Standard casePerfect measurement is only ensured when the medium and the sensor have the same electricalpotential. Most Promag sensors have a standard installed reference electrode which guaranteesthe required connection. This usually means that additional potential matching measures areunnecessary.For installation in metal pipes, it is advisable to connect the ground terminal of the transmitterhousing to the piping. Also, observe company-internal grounding guidelines.Caution!For sensors without reference electrodes or without metal process terminals, carry out potentialmatching as per the instructions for special cases described below. These special measures areparticularly important when standard grounding practice cannot be ensured or extremely strongmatching currents are expected.10Endress+HauserMetal, ungrounded pipingIn order to prevent outside influences on measurement, it is advisable to use ground cables toconnect each sensor flange to its corresponding pipe flange and ground the flanges. Connect thetransmitter or sensor connection housing, as applicable, to ground potential by means of theground terminal provided for the purpose.Caution!Also, observe company-internal grounding guidelines.Note!The ground cable for flange-to-flange connections can be ordered separately as an accessoryfrom E+H.•DN ≤ 300: The ground cable is in direct connection with the conductive flange coating and issecured by the flange screws.•DN ≥ 350: The ground cable connects directly to the metal transport bracket.Endress+Hauser11Plastic pipes and isolating lined pipesNormally, potential is matched using the reference electrodes in the measuring tube. However, inexceptional cases it is possible that, due to the grounding plan of a system, large matching cur-rents flow over the reference electrodes. This can lead to destruction of the sensor, e.g. throughelectrochemical decomposition of the electrodes. In such cases, e.g. for fibre-glass or PVC pip-ing, it is recommended that you use additional ground disks for potential matching.When using ground disks, note the following points:•Ground disks (DN 15...300) can be ordered separately from E+H as an accessory.•Ground disks (incl. seals) increase the installation length. You can find the dimensions ofground disks on Page30.Caution!•Risk of damage from electrochemical corrosion. Note the electrochemical insulation rating, ifthe ground disks and measuring electrodes are made of different materials.•Also, observe company-internal grounding guidelines.Pipes with cathodic protectionIn such cases, install the measuring instrument without potential in the piping:•When installing the measuring device, make sure that there is an electrical connection betweenthe two piping runs (copper wire, 6 mm2).•Make sure that the installation materials do not establish a conductive connection to the meas-uring device and that the installation materials withstand the tightening torques applied whenthe threaded fasteners are tightened.•Also comply with the regulations applicable to potential-free installation.1 = isolation transformer,2 = electrically isolated12Endress+HauserPerformance characteristicsReference operating conditions To DIN 19200 and VDI/VDE 2641:•Medium temperature: +28 °C ± 2 K •Ambient temperature: +22 °C ± 2 K •Warm-up period: 30 minutes Installation:•Inlet run >10 x DN•Outlet run > 5 x DN•Sensor and transmitter grounded.•Sensor centered relative to the pipe.Maximum measured error Promag 50:Pulse output: ± 0.5% o.r. ± 1 mm/s (o.r. = of reading)Current output: plus typically ± 5 µAPromag 53:Pulse output: ± 0.2% o.r. ± 2 mm/s (o.r. = of reading)Current output: plus typically ± 5 µASupply voltage fluctuations have no effect within the specified range.Max. measured error in % of readingRepeatability max. ± 0.1% o.r. ± 0.5 mm/s (o.r. = of reading)Endress+Hauser13Operating conditionsInstallation conditionsInstallation instructions Mounting locationCorrect measuring is possible only if the pipe is full. Avoid the following locations:•Highest point of a pipeline. Risk of air accumulating.•Directly upstream of a free pipe outlet in a vertical pipe.Installation of pumpsDo not install the sensor on the intake side of a pump. This precaution is to avoid low pressureand the consequent risk of damage to the lining of the measuring tube. Information on the lining'sresistance to partial vacuum can be found on Page21.It might be necessary to install pulse dampers in systems incorporating reciprocating, diaphragmor peristaltic pumps. Information on the measuring system's resistance to vibration and shock canbe found on Page19.Partially filled pipesPartially filled pipes with gradients necessitate a drain-type configuration. The Empty Pipe Detec-tion (EPD) function offers additional protection by detecting empty or partially filled pipes.Caution!Risk of solids accumulating. Do not install the sensor at the lowest point in the drain. It is advisableto install a cleaning valve.14Endress+HauserVertical pipesInstall a siphon (b) or a vent valve (a) downstream of the sensor in vertical pipes longer than5meters. This precaution is to avoid low pressure and the consequent risk of damage to the liningof the measuring tube. These measures also prevent the system losing prime, which could causeair inclusions. Information on the lining's resistance to partial vacuum can be found on Page21.a = vent valve,b = siphonOrientationAn optimum orientation helps avoid gas and air accumulations and deposits in the measuringtube. Promag, nevertheless, supplies a range of options and accessories for correct measuringof problematic mediums:•Electrode Cleaning Circuitry (ECC) to remove electrically conductive deposits in the measuringtube, e.g. in accretive mediums.•Empty Pipe Detection (EPD) for recognition of partially filled measuring tubes, or for degassingmediums or for applications with fluctuating process pressure.Vertical orientation:This orientation is ideal for self-emptying piping systems and for use in conjunction with EmptyPipe Detection.Endress+Hauser15Horizontal orientation:The measuring electrode-plane should be horizontal. This prevents brief insulation of the two elec-trodes by entrained air bubbles.Caution!Empty Pipe Detection functions correctly only when the measuring device is installed horizontallyand the transmitter housing is facing upward. Otherwise there is no guarantee that Empty PipeDetection will respond if the measuring tube is only partially filled or empty.1 = EPD electrode (Empty Pipe Detection)2 = Measuring electrodes (signal detection)3 = Reference electrode (potential equalisation)VibrationsSecure the piping and the sensor if vibration is severe.Caution!It is advisable to install sensor and transmitter separately if vibration is excessively severe.Information on resistance to vibration and shock can be found on Page19.16Endress+HauserFoundations, supportsIf the nominal diameter is DN ≥ 350, mount the transmitter on a foundation of adequate load-bearing strength.Caution!Do not allow the casing to take the weight of the sensor. This would buckle the casing anddamage the internal magnetic coils.Inlet and outlet runs If possible, install the sensor well clear of fittings such as valves, T-pieces, elbows, etc. Compli-ance with the following requirements for the inlet and outlet runs is necessary in order to ensuremeasuring accuracy:•Inlet run ≥ 5 x DN•Outlet run ≥ 2 x DNEndress+Hauser17Adapters Suitable adapters to (E) DIN EN 545 (double-flange junction sections) can be used to install thesensor in larger-diameter pipes. The resultant increase in the rate of flow improves measuringaccuracy with very slow-moving fluids.The nomogram shown here can be used to calculate the pressure loss caused by reducers andexpanders. The nomogram applies only to fluids of viscosity similar to water:1.Calculate the ratio of the diameters d/D.2.From the nomogram read off the pressure loss as a function of flow velocity (downstream fromthe reduction) and the d/D ratio.Length of connecting cable Permissible cable length Lmax depends on the conductivity of the medium. A minimum conduc-tivity of 20µS/cm is required for measuring demineralized water.Gray shaded area = permissible range for medium conductivityLmax = length of connecting cable in [m]Medium conductivity in [µS/cm]In order to ensure measuring accuracy, moreover, comply with the following instructions wheninstalling the remote version:•Secure the cable run or route the cable in a conduit. Movement of the cable can falsify themeasuring signal, particularly if the conductivity of the medium is low.•Route the cable well clear of electrical machines and switching elements.•Ensure potential equalisation between sensor and transmitter, if necessary.18Endress+HauserEnvironmentAmbient temperature Standard: –20…+60 °C (sensor, transmitter)Optional: –40...+60 °C (transmitter)Note the following points:•Install the device at a shady location. Avoid direct sunlight, particularly in warm climatic regions.•If both fluid and ambient temperatures are high, install the transmitter at a remote location fromthe sensor (→ “Medium temperature”)•At ambient temperatures below –20 °C the readability of the display may be impaired. Storage temperature–10...+50 °C (preferably +20 °C)•The measuring device must be protected against direct sunlight during storage in order toavoid unacceptably high surface temperatures.•Choose a storage location where moisture does not collect in the measuring device. This willhelp prevent fungus and bacteria infestation which can damage the liner.•Do not remove the protective plates or caps on the process connections until the device isready to install. This is particularly important in the case of sensors with PTFE linings.Degree of protection•Standard: IP 67 (NEMA 4X) for transmitter and sensor•Optional: IP 68 (NEMA 6P) for Promag P sensor, remote versionShock and vibration resistance Acceleration up to 2 g by analogy with IEC 68-2-6 (high-temperature version: no data available)Electromagneticcompatibility (EMC)To EN 61326/A1 and NAMUR recommendation NE 21Endress+Hauser1920Endress+HauserProcess conditionsMedium temperature rangeThe permissible medium temperature depends on the measuring-tube lining:•−40…+130 °C for PTFE (DN 15…600), for restrictions →refer to diagrams •−20…+180 °C for PFA (DN 25…200), for restrictions →refer to diagrams Compact version (PFA and PTFE lining)T A = ambient temperature, T F = fluid temperature HT = high-temperature version, with insulationRemote version (PFA and PTFE lining)T A = ambient temperature, T F = fluid temperature HT = high-temperature version, with insulationConductivityMinimum conductivity:≥ 5 µS/cm for fluids generally≥ 20 µS/cm for demineralised waterNote that in the case of the remote version, the minimum conductivity is also influenced by the length of the connecting cable → see “Length of connecting cable”Medium pressure range (nominal pressure)EN 1092-1 (DIN 2501): PN 10 (DN 200…600) PN 16 (DN 65…600) PN 25 (DN 200…600) PN 40 (DN 15…150) ANSI B16.5:Class 150 (1/2…24") Class 300 (1/2…6") JIS B2238:10K (DN 50…300)20K (DN 15…300)AS2129:Table E (DN25, 50)Pressure tightness (liner)NominaldiameterMeasuring tubeliningResistance to partial vacuum of measuring tube liningLimit values for abs. pressure [mbar] at various fluid temperatures [mm][inch]25 °C80 °C100 °C130 °C150 °C180 °C 151/2"PTFE000100−−251"PTFE / PFA0 / 00 / 00 / 0100 / 0− / 0− / 0 32−PTFE / PFA0 / 00 / 00 / 0100 / 0− / 0− / 0 40 1 1/2"PTFE / PFA0 / 00 / 00 / 0100 / 0− / 0− / 0 502"PTFE / PFA0 / 00 / 00 / 0100 / 0− / 0− / 0 65−PTFE / PFA0 / 0*40 / 0130 / 0− / 0− / 0 803"PTFE / PFA0 / 0*40 / 0130 / 0− / 0− / 0 1004"PTFE / PFA0 / 0*135 / 0170 / 0− / 0− / 0 125−PTFE / PFA135 / 0*240 / 0385 / 0− / 0− / 0 1506"PTFE / PFA135 / 0*240 / 0385 / 0− / 0− / 0 2008"PTFE / PFA200 / 0*290 / 0410 / 0− / 0− / 0 25010"PTFE330*400530−−30012"PTFE400*500630−−35014"PTFE470*600730−−40016"PTFE540*670800−−45018"PTFENo vacuum is permissible!50020"PTFE60024"PTFE* No value can be specified.Endress+Hauser21。

Orbipore CPS91和CPS91D pH电极，带有开放口筒和可选内建温度传感器，适用于浓稠的

TI375C/07/en/02.0871068579Technical InformationOrbipore CPS91 and CPS91DpH electrodes, analog or with digital Memosens technology With open aperture for heavily soiled media, optional built-intemperature sensorApplication•Chemical processes •Pulp and paper industry •Heavily soiled media:–Solids –Emulsions –PrecipitationWith ATEX, FM and CSA approval for application in hazardous areas Your benefits•Open aperture for application in heavily soiled media •Built-in temperature sensor for effective temperature compensation (optional)•Low maintenance thanks to gel filling•Long service life thanks to new stabilized gel•Extremely insensitive to pressure and temperature variation •Short response time•Poison-resistant reference with ion trap (optional, CPS91D only)Further benefits offered by Memosens technology•Maximum process safety through contactless inductive signal transmission•Data safety through digital data transmission•Easy handling thanks to storage of sensor-specific data in the sensor•Predictive maintenance possible thanks to registration of sensor load data in the sensorOrbipore CPS91/CPS91D2Endress+HauserFunction and system designMeasuring principlepH measurementThe pH value is used as a unit of measurement for the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid medium. The membrane glass of the electrode supplies an electrochemical potential which is dependent upon the pH value of the medium. This potential is generated by the selective penetration of H +ions through the outer layer of the membrane. An electrochemical boundary layer with an electric potential forms at this point. An integrated Ag/AgCl reference system serves as reference electrode.The transmitter converts the measured voltage into the corresponding pH value using the Nernst equation.General properties•Open apertureThanks to its open aperture, the electrode is particularly suitable for application in heavily soiled media.•Temperature compensationDepending on the ordered version, a Pt 100, Pt 1000 or NTC temperature sensor is integrated in the electrode to measure the medium temperature.•DurabilityThe electrode is pressure-proof up to 13bar (188.5psi) and can be applied with temperatures of up to 110°C (230°F).Important properties of CPS91DMaximum process safetyThe inductive and non-contacting measured value transmission of Memosens guarantees maximum process safety and offers the following benefits:•All problems caused by moisture are eliminated.–The plug-in connection is free from corrosion.–Measured value distortion from moisture is not possible.–The plug-in system can even be connected under water.•The transmitter is galvanically decoupled from the medium. The result: No more need to ask about "symmetrically high-impedance" or "unsymmetrical" (for pH/ORP measurement) or an impedance converter.•EMC safety is guaranteed by screening measures for the digital measured value transmission.•Application in explosion-hazardous areas is unproblematic; the integrated electronics are intrinsically safe.Data safety through digital data transferThe Memosens technology digitalizes the measured values in the sensor and transfers them to the transmitter contactlessly and free from interference potential. The result:•An automatic error message is generated if the sensor fails or the connection between sensor and transmitter is interrupted.•The availability of the measuring point is dramatically increased by immediate error detection.Easy handlingSensors with Memosens technology have integrated electronics that allow for saving calibration data and further information such as total hours of operation and operating hours under extreme measuring conditions. When the sensor is mounted, the calibration data are automatically transferred to the transmitter and used to calculate the current measured value. Storing the calibration data in the sensor allows for calibration away from the measuring point. The result:•Sensors can be calibrated unter optimum external conditions in the measuring lab. Wind and weather do neither affect the calibration quality nor the operator.•The measuring point availability is dramatically increased by the quick and easy replacement of precalibrated sensors.•The transmitter does not need to be installed close to the measuring point but can be placed in the control room.•Maintenance intervals can be defined based on all stored sensor load and calibration data and predictive maintenance is possible.•The sensor history can be documented on external data carriers and evaluation programs at any time. Thus, the current application of the sensors can be made to depend on their previous history.Communication with the transmitterAlways connect digital sensors to a transmitter with Memosens technology. Data transmission to a transmitter for analog sensors is not possible.Orbipore CPS91/CPS91DData storage of CPS91D Digital sensors are able to store the following system data in the sensor.•Manufacturing data–Serial number–Order code–Date of manufacture•Calibration data–Calibration date–Calibrated slope at 25°C(77°F)–Calibrated zero point at 25 °C(77°F)–Temperature offset–Number of calibrations–Serial number of the transmitter used for the last calibration•Application data–Temperature application range–pH application range–Date of first commissioning–Maximum temperature value–Operating hours at temperatures above 80 °C (176°F) and 100 °C (212°F)–Operating hours at very low and very high pH values (Nernst voltage below -300 mV, above +300 mV)–Number of sterilizations–Glass membrane impedanceThese system data can be displayed with Mycom S and Liquiline M transmitters.Measuring system A complete measuring system comprises:•CPS91 pH electrode or CPS91D digital sensor•Transmitter, e.g. Liquiline M CM42 (with Memosens technology for CPS91D)•Special measuring cable, e.g. CPK9 or Memosens data cable CYK10 for CPS91D•Immersion, flow or retractable assembly, e.g. Cleanfit P CPA472Measuring system for pH measurement1Cleanfit P CPA472 retractable assembly2CPS91D electrode3CYK10 Memosens data cable for digital sensors4Liquiline M CM42 transmitterEndress+Hauser3Orbipore CPS91/CPS91D4Endress+HauserInputMeasured variablespH value TemperatureMeasuring range0 to 14 pH0 to 110 °C (32 to 230 °F)"Caution!Please note the process operating conditions.InstallationInstallation instructionsDo not install the electrode upside down. The inclination angle must be at least 15° from the horizontal. A smaller inclination angle is not permitted as such an inclination results in air cushion forming in the glass sphere. This might impair full wetting of the pH membrane with inner electrolyte."Caution!•Make sure that the assembly’s threaded connection for the electrode is clean and well running before installing the electrode.•Hand tighten the electrode (3 Nm)! (Given value only applies to installation in Endress+Hauser assemblies.)•Make sure to follow the installation instructions in the operating instructions of the used assembly.Electrode installation; inclination angle min. 15° from the horizontal A Permitted inclination angleBNon-permitted inclination angleEnvironmentAmbient temperature"Caution!Danger of frost damageDo not operate the sensor at temperatures below –15°C (5°F).Storage temperature 0 to 50 °C (32 to 122°F)Ingress protectionIP 67 with GSA plug-in head (with closed plug-in connection)IP 68 with TOP68 plug-in head (1m (3.28 ft) water column, 50°C (122°F), 168h)IP 68 with Memosens plug-in head (10 m (32.81 ft) water column, 25 °C (77 °F), 45 days, 1 M KCl)Orbipore CPS91/CPS91DEndress+Hauser 5ProcessProcess temperature 0 to 110°C (32 to 230°F)Process pressure0 to 13bar (0 to 188.5psi)Pressure-temperature load curvePressure-temperature load curve AApplication range of CPS91/CPS91DConductivity min. 500μS/cm pH range0 to 14 pH"Caution!Danger of damage to the electrodeDo not operate the electrode in applications outside the given specifications!Orbipore CPS91/CPS91D6Endress+HauserMechanical constructionDesign, dimensions CPS91CPS91 with ESA plug-in head, temperature sensor 1TOP68 plug-in head, Pg 13.52Viton O-ring with thrust collar3Ag/AgCl metal lead - reference chamber 4Bridge electrolyte5Ag/AgCl metal lead - pH 6Compensator 7Open aperture 8pH membrane9Temperature sensorCPS91 with GSA plug-in head 1GSA plug-in head, Pg 13.52Viton O-ring with thrust collar3Ag/AgCl metal lead - reference chamber 4Bridge electrolyte5Ag/AgCl metal lead - pH 6Compensator 7Open aperture 8pH membraneOrbipore CPS91/CPS91DEndress+Hauser 7Design, dimensions CPS91DWeight approx. 0.1 kg (0.22lbs)MaterialsProcess connection Pg 13.5Temperature sensorPlug-in headsReference systemCPS91D with Memosens plug-in head, temperature sensor 1Memosens plug-in head, Pg 13.52Viton O-ring with thrust collar3Ag/AgCl metal lead - reference chamber 4Bridge electrolyte5Ag/AgCl metal lead - pH 6Compensator 7Open aperture 8pH membrane9Temperature sensorCPS91D-7BTxx 1Memosens plug-in head, Pg 13.52Viton O-ring with thrust collar3Ag/AgCl metal lead - reference chamber 4Bridge electrolyte 5Ion trap6Ag/AgCl metal lead - pH 7Open aperture 8pH membrane9Temperature sensorElectrode shaft glass, suitable for processes pH membrane glass type B Metal lead Ag/AgCl Diaphragm open apertureCPS91:Pt 100, Pt 1000CPS91D:NTCCPS91:ESA plug-in head Pg 13.5, TOP 68 for electrodes with or without temperature sensor, 16bar (232psi) triple safety overpressure, ExGSA plug-in head Pg 13.5 for electrodes without temperature sensor CPS91D:Memosens for digital, contactless data transmissionCPS91:Ag/AgCl metal lead with reference electrolyte CPS91D:Version BO Ag/AgCl metal lead with reference electrolyte Version BTAg/AgCl metal lead with ion trapOrbipore CPS91/CPS91D8Endress+HauserCertificates and approvalsEx approvalCPS91 (TOP68)•ATEX II 1G EEX ia IIC T4/T6•FM Class I Div. 2, in combination with the Liquiline M CM42 and Mycom S CPM153 transmitters CPS91D•ATEX II 1G EEX ia IIC T4/T6•FM / CSA Class I Div. 2, in combination with the Liquiline M CM42 and Mycom S CPM153 transmitters!Note!Ex versions of digital sensors with Memosens technology are indicated by an orange-red ring in the plug-in head.TÜV certificateTOP68 plug-in headPressure resistance 16 bar (232 psi), min. triple overpressure safety Memosens plug-in headPressure resistance 16 bar (232 psi), min. triple overpressure safetyEMC compatibility of CPS91D Interference emission and interference immunity complies with EN 61326: 1997 / A1: 1998Ordering informationProduct structure CPS91Product structure CPS91DElectrode type1without temperature sensor2with built-in Pt 100 (not available with GSA plug-in head)3with built-in Pt 1000 (not available with GSA plug-in head)Application rangeBOpH = 0 to 14, T = 0 to 110 °C (32 to 230°F)Shaft length2120 mm (4.72")4225 mm (8.86")5360 mm (14.17")6425 mm (16.73")Plug-in headESA Plug-in head Pg 13.5, TOP68, 16 bar (232psi), Ex GSAPlug-in head Pg 13.5, DIN coax, non Ex CPS91-complete order codeVersion7max. 110 °C (230 °F) with built-in temperature sensorApplication rangeBO pH = 0 to 14, T = 0 to 110 °C (32 to 230°F)BTpH = 0 to 14, T = 0 to 110 °C (32 to 230 °F), 13 bar (189 psi), with ion trapShaft length2120 mm (4.72")4225 mm (8.86")5360 mm (14.17")6425 mm (16.73")Options1StandardCPS91D-complete order codeOrbipore CPS91/CPS91DEndress+Hauser 9Accessories!Note!In the following sections, you find the accessories available at the time of issue of this documentation.For information on accessories that are not listed here, please contact your responsible service.TransmittersLiquiline M CM42•Modular two-wire transmitter, stainless steel or plastic, field or panel instrument, •various Ex approvals (ATEX, FM, CSA, Nepsi, TIIS),•HART, PROFIBUS or FOUNDATION Fieldbus available•Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI381C/07/en)Liquisys M CPM223/253•Transmitter for pH and ORP, field or panel-mounted housing,•HART or PROFIBUS available•Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI194C/07/en)Mycom S CPM153•Transmitter for pH and ORP, one or two channel version, Ex or non-Ex, •HART or PROFIBUS available•Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI233C/07/en)Assemblies (selection)•Cleanfit W CPA450Manually operated retractable assembly, for installation of 120mm (4.72") pH/ORP electrodes in tanks and pipes;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI183C/07/en)(Make sure to order the correct inner tube for your electrode version.)•Cleanfit P CPA471Compact retractable stainless steel assembly, for the installation in tanks and pipes, manual or pneumatic operation;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI217C/07/en)•Cleanfit P CPA472Compact retractable plastic assembly, for the installation in tanks and pipes, manual or pneumatic operation;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI223C/07/en)•Cleanfit P CPA472DRobust retractable assembly for pH, ORP and other industry sensors, manual or pneumatic operation, heavy-duty version;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI403C/07/en)Cleanfit W CPA450Cleanfit P CPA471 or 472Cleanfit P CPA472DOrbipore CPS91/CPS91D10Endress+Hauser•Cleanfit P CPA473Retractable stainless steel process assembly, with ball valve for a particularly safe and reliable separation of the medium from the environment;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI344C/07/en)•Cleanfit P CPA474Retractable plastic process assembly, with ball valve for a particularly safe and reliable separation of the medium from the environment;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI345C/07/en)•Dipfit W CPA111Plastic immersion and installation assembly, for open and closed tanks;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI112C/07/en)•Dipfit P CPA140Immersion assembly for pH/ORP electrodes for demanding processes;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI178C/07/en)Cleanfit P CPA473 or 474Dipfit W CPA111Dipfit P CPA140Orbipore CPS91/CPS91DEndress+Hauser 11•Flowfit P CPA240Flow assembly for pH/ORP, for demanding processes;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI179C/07/en)•Flowfit W CPA250Flow assembly for pH and ORP measurementOrdering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI041C/07/en)•Ecofit CPA640Process connection adapter and cable set for 120 mm (4.72") pH/ORP electrodes with TOP68 plug-in head;Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI264C/07/en)Buffer solutions High-quality buffer solutions of Endress+HauserThe secondary buffer solutions have been referenced to primary reference material of the PTB (German Federal Physico-technical Institute) and to standard reference material of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) according to DIN 19266 by a DKD (German Calibration Service) accredited laboratory.Flowfit P CPA240Flowfit W CPA250Ecofit CPA640pH valueApH 2.00 (accuracy ± 0.02 pH)CpH 4.00 (accuracy ± 0.02 pH)EpH 7.00 (accuracy ± 0.02 pH)GpH 9.00 (accuracy ± 0.02 pH)IpH 9.20 (accuracy ± 0.02 pH)KpH 10.00 (accuracy ± 0.05 pH)M pH 12.00 (accuracy ± 0.05 pH)Quantity0120 x 18 ml (0.68 fl.oz) only buffer solutions pH 4.00 and 7.0002250 ml (8.45 fl.oz)101000 ml (0.26 US gal)505000 ml (1.32 US gal) canister for Topcal SCertificatesA Buffer analysis certificateVersion1Standard CPY20-complete order codeMeasuring cables CPK9 special measuring cable•For sensors with TOP68 plug-in head, for high-temperature and high-pressure applications, IP 68•Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI118C/07/en)CPK1 special measuring cable•For pH/ORP electrodes with GSA plug-in head•Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI118C/07/en)CPK12 special measuring cable•For pH/ORP glass electrodes and ISFET sensors with TOP68 plug-in head•Ordering acc. to product structure, see Technical Information (TI118C/07/en)CYK10 Memosens data cable•For digital sensors with Memosens technology•Ordering according to product structure, see belowCertificatesA Standard, non ExG ATEX II 1G EEx ia IIC T6/T4Cable length03Cable length: 3 m(9.8ft)05Cable length: 5m(16ft)10Cable length: 10 m(33 ft)15Cable length: 15 m(49ft)20Cable length: 20 m(66ft)25Cable length: 25 m(82ft)88... m length89... ft lengthReady-made1Wire terminalsCYK10-complete order codeInstruments InternationalEndress+HauserInstruments International AGKaegenstrasse24153ReinachSwitzerlandTel.+41617158100Fax+41617152500***************.comTI375C/07/en/02.0871068579Printed in Germany / FM+SGML 6.0 / DT。

电气控制设备英语词汇

1、电气与控制技术load test and short-circuit test 负载试验〔短路试验〕plugging 反接制动与反向intermittent periodic duty 反复短时工作制feedback control 反响控制feedback loop 反响回路luminous intensity 发光强度distributed capacitance 分布电容split phase motor 分相电动机fractional horsepower motor 分马力电动机nonlinear control system 非线性控制系统nonlinear (circuit) element 非线性〔电路〕元件nonlinearity 非线性second class load 二级负荷rated condition 额定工况rated value 额定值short-time duty 短时工作制short circuit current 短路电流short circuit 短路series resonance 串联谐振transducer 传感器〔变换器〕magnetic core 磁心magnetization curve 磁化曲线magnetic field 磁场magnetic field strength 磁场强度magnetic saturation 磁饱和magnetic hysteresis loop 磁滞回线magnetic flux 磁通量magnetic flux density 磁通密度superconductor 超导体uninterrupted duty 持久工作制programmed control 程序控制stepping motor 步进电动机parallel resonance 并联谐振differentiation protection 差动庇护tachogenerator 测速发电机protective circuit 庇护电路open loop control 闭环控制apparent power 表示功率comparator 比较器nominal value 标称值speed governing by frequency convertion 变频调速speed governing by pole changing 变极调速ampere-turns 安匝safety voltage 安然电压semiconductor devices 半导体器件thyristor 半导体开关元件semiconductor 半导体(absolute)magnetic permeability 〔绝对〕磁导率current rating (of cable) [电缆的]载流量breaking capacity (of a switching device or a fuse〕[开关电器的或熔断器的]分断能力auxiliary circuit(of a switching device) [开关电器的]辅助电路alternating component (of a pulsating voltage or current〕[脉动电压或电流的]交流分量direct component〔of a pulsating voltage or current〕脉动电压或电流的]直流分量TTL circuitPI TTL电路PI regulatorPID 调节器PID regulatorPD 调节器PD regulator 调节器main circuit 主电路neutral point 中性点medium frequency 中频active power 有功功率active element 有源元件first class load 一级负荷hard magnetic material 硬磁材料direct control 直接控制direct coupling 直接耦合remote control 遥控sine wave 正弦波rectiffication 整流illuminance 照度operational amplifier 运算放大器load rate 用电负荷率piezoelectric effect 压电效应selector 选择器oxidation stability 氧化不变性couplingMOS 耦合MOS circuit 电路linear control system 线性控制系统linear(circuit)element 线性〔电路〕元件linearity 线性gas protection 瓦斯庇护reactive power 无功功率passive element 无源元件eddy current 涡流synchronous speed 同步转速on-load factor 通电持续率micromotor 微电机differentiator 微分电路regulated power supply 稳压电源voltage stabilizing circuit 稳压电路sequential order of the phases,phase sequence 相序phase 相位〔位相，相角〕phase displacement 相位移temperature rise 温升connection diagram of windings 绕组联结圈winding 绕组servo system 随动系统detuning 掉调distortion 掉真digital integrated circuit 数字集成电路digital display 数字显示digital quantity 数字量capacitive reactance 容抗third class load 三级负荷three-phase and three-wire sysyem 三相三线制three-phase and four-wire system 三相四线制soft magnetic material 软磁材料thermo-electric effect 热电效应thermal stability 热不变性thermistor 热敏电阻servomotor 伺服电动机servo mechanism 伺服机构output 输出input 输入flashover,arc-over 闪络D filp flop D触发器DTL circuit DTL电路logic circuit 逻辑电路excitation 励磁〔激磁〕contravariant 逆变bus,busbar 母线〔汇流排〕continuous control 持续控制continuous system 持续系统interlock 连锁connection symbol 联结组标号torque motor 力矩电动机analog quantity 模拟量potential drop of internal resistance 内阻压降whirling speeds 临界转速full load 满载pulsating current 脉动电流pulsating voltage 脉动电压pulser,pulse generator 脉冲发生器puncture test 耐压试验ideal inductor 抱负电感器ideal resistor 抱负电阻器ideal voltage source 抱负电压源ideal capacitor 抱负电容器ideal current source 抱负电流源ideal amplifier 抱负放大器ideal transformer 抱负变压器temperature classification,thermal stability classification 耐热等级filtering,filtration 滤波discrete system 离散系统zero-sequence protection 零序庇护load,charge 负载〔负荷〕inductosyn 感应同步器induced voltage 感应电压inductive reactance 感抗high frepuency 高频photoelectric effect 光电效应overcurrent protection 过电流庇护overvoltage protection 过电压庇护mains frequency 工频power factor 功率因数constant control system 恒值控制系统phasing 核相〔定相〕glow discharge 辉光放电fundamental wave 基波integrator 积分电路mutual induction 互感应commutation 换向change-over switching 换接parasitic capacitance 寄生电容detector 检测装置relay protection 继电庇护skin effect 集肤效应coercive force 矫顽力demodulation 解调dielectric loss 介质损耗contact voltage 接触电压contact resistance 接触电阻earth fault 接地故障ground device 接地装置resistance of an earthed conductor,earthing resistance 接地电阻cut-off 截止partial discharge 局部放电insulation resistance 绝缘电阻absorptance(absorption ratio) of insulation resistance 绝缘电阻的吸收比step vlotage 跨步电压programmable logic controllers 可编程序控制器no-load test 空载试验noload operation 空载运行open-circuit voltage 开路电压open loop control 开环控制diamagnetism 抗磁性control circuit 控制电器shielded cable 屏蔽电缆gas chromatograph test 气相色谱试验gas conduction 气体导电air gap 气隙signal circuit 信号电路small-power motor 小功率电动机resonance 谐振harmonic 谐波impedance 阻抗optimum control 最优控制autonomous control 自治调节synchro,selsyn 自整角机automatic reclosing equipment 自动重合闸automatic protection device 自动庇护装置automatic control 自动控制automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic regulating system 自动调节系统slip 转差率electric circuit 电路electric current 电流bridge 电桥armature reaction 电枢反响voltage,electric potential difference 电压〔电位差〕electric corona,corona,corona discharge 电晕〔放电〕power supply 电源electric field 电场electromagnetic wave 电磁波electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromotive force 电动势inductor 电感线圈electric arc 电弧electric spark 电火花electrolytic corrosion 电解腐蚀dielectric 电介质reactance 电抗clearance 电气间隙electronic approach switch 电子接近开关conductance 电导equivalent electric circuit 等效电路earth,ground 地speed regulation,speed governing 调速speed governing system 调速系统range of speed regulation 调速范围speed governing by voltage regulation 调压调速modulation 调制amplitude modulation 调幅frequency modulation 调频2、IEC试验室产物Abrasion test 磨损测试设备Apparatus for burning test (vertical and horizontal) 程度垂直燃烧测试设备Apparatus for production testing of hand tools for live working 手动测试东西Apparatus for winding a flexible pipe 软管弯折试验设备Appliance couplers test equipment (various) 各类测试连接器Automatic & manual production test equipment - for final control 自动/手动产物测试设备- 出厂控制Ball-pressure test apparatus 球压测试装置Bending equipment for conduits 管路弯折设备Bump test 冲击测试Burning test, horiz. 燃烧测试〔程度〕Cable test apparatus (various) 各类线缆测试Draining current measuring equipment 损耗电流测试设备Drip proof test(special) 淋浴测试Drop test 跌落测试Dust chamber 防尘箱Dynamometers 功率计Earth bond resistance tester Earthing resistance test appliance 接地电阻测试设备Electric resistance of non-metallic materials 非金属材料的电阻测试Gauges and similar mechanical checking devices 量规或类似测试装置Electrode arrangements 测试电极装置Flexing test equipment 弯折试验Fume cupboard (protective cabinet) 防护罩Flexing test apparatus for cables 线缆弯折试验装置Flame hoods 燃烧罩Endurance test appliance for plugs 插头寿命测试Equipment for testing refrigerators 冰箱测试设备Endurance test appliance 寿命测试Gauges for appliance inlets Gauges for finished lamps 灯具量规Gauges for lampholders 灯座量规Hot wire ignition test 热丝引燃测试Hipot testers Hot mandrel test apparatus 高压机High voltage test appliance 耐压测试High frequency spark generator 高频火花发生器High current transformers 高电流变送器High current arc ignition test 大电流起弧测试Heating tests 高温测试Heating cabinets 高温试验箱Hand held shower 手持花洒Ground continuity testers 接地电阻测试Gauges for plugs and sockets 插头插座量规Humidity chambers 横湿箱Gauges for starters 策动机量规Impact balls 冲击球Glass vessel for microwave oven testing 微波炉测试的玻璃容器Impact hammers 冲击锤Glow-wire test apparatus 灼热丝测试设备Impact weight apparatus Inductive loads 电感负载Jet nozzles 喷嘴Lampholder testing apparatus (various) 各类灯座测试设备Kit bunsen burner/ needle flame test 燃烧测试套件〔本申/ 针焰〕Leakage current test appliance 泄露电流测试设备Laboratory power supply with isolation and regulation 可控别离尝试室电源Loading weights (various) 各类负重Laboratory stablized power supply unit 稳压源Luminaries testing equipment (various) 照明测试设备Measuring equipment for testing switches and socket-outlets (with DPM) 测试开关和插头插座测试设备Megohmeter 兆欧表Mechanical resistance testing apparatus for el. Irons Mechanismus for burning tests (vert. And horiz.) 程度或垂直燃烧机架Needle flame burners 针焰燃烧东西Needle flame miniature burner 微型针焰燃烧东西Surge test circuit 浪涌测试Needle flame tester 针焰测试Resistance loads 电阻负载Scratch test equipment 刮擦测试设备Power sources 电源Probe for measuring surface temperature 外表温度探头Pendulum hammer 摆锤Plugs for endurance tests of socket-outlets 插头插座寿命测试Needle flame thermometer 针焰温度表Plugs and socket test equipment (various) 各类插头插座设备Splash testing apparatus 溅水测试Pendulum impact test apparatus 摆锤冲击测试Spray apparatus, tubes 喷水测试Solderability test apparatus 可焊性的测试设备Standard test enclosure 尺度测试附件Temperature during operation, measuring equipment 温度测试Thermocouples 热电偶Temperature measurement 温度测试Test apparatus for IP tests IP 测试Torque test equipment 扭力测试Test finger nail 测试指甲Test panes for hob elements 燃气炉测试盘Test fingers 测试指Torsion apparatus 扭转测试Test hook 测试钩Tracking index apparatus 漏电起痕测试仪Test knifes 测试刀模Water evaporator 水蒸发器Test pin 测试真Tumbling barrel 滚筒试验装置Test probe 测试探头Variacs Vessel for testing induction hotplates 测试热传导的容器3、设备补缀corrective maintenance 改善补缀back repair rate 返修率stepped(sizing) repair 分级补缀decentralized maintenance system 分散补缀制waste and ungraded product and back repair loss 废次品及返修损掉unscheduled maintenance time 非预定维修时间periodic repair task 按期补缀作业periodic repair 按期维修法location accuracy 定位精度transmission accuracy 传动精度revision of overhaul plan 大修方案点窜assesment of overhaul plan 大修方案查核overhaul planning 大修方案编制basis of overhaul plan 大修方案依据fulfilment rate of overhaul plan 大修方案完成率implementation of overhaul plan 大修方案实施overhaul cost 大修费用overhaul cost 大修成本构成overhaul cost analysis 大修成本阐发fulfilment rate of overhaul cost 大修成本完成率overhaul guarantee 大修保修interval between overhauls, overhaul cycle 大修周期guarantee system of overhaul quality 大修质量包管体系overhaul quality evaluation 大补缀质量评定overhaul quality control 大补缀质量控制overhaul,capital repair 大修assembly repair 部件补缀法partial repair 局部补缀法compensation method 抵偿法production program of spqre parts 备件出产方案stand-by or redundancy system 备份或冗余系统standard-size repair method 尺度尺寸补缀法“eight steps〞method 八步法repeat location accuracy 重复定位精度middle repair 中修system with maintainable standby parts 有可维修备份的系统remote maintenance 远距离维修preventive maintenance 预防维修scheduled maintenance time 预定维修时间predictive maintenance 预知维修〔状态监测维修〕quality system 质量体系quality 质量deferred maintenance 逾期维修network planning 网络方案maintenance skill training 维修技术培训maintenance interval, uptime 维修间隔〔正常运行时间〕economic analysis of maintenance activities 维修活动的经济阐发maintenance worker 维修工人maintenance protection 维修防护maintenance shop 维修车间maintenance prevention 维修预防maintenance cycle 维修周期maintenance time 维修时间synchronous repair 同步补缀法repair downtime 停修时间item repair 项修〔工程补缀〕repair on commission 外委补缀〔TPM〕total production maintenance system 全员参加的出产维修制controlled maintenance 受控维修life cycle maintenance 寿命周期维修hot repair 热修repair schedule of equipment 设备补缀方案acceptance check for equipment repair 设备补缀验收quarterly repair schedule of equipment 设备季度补缀方案technical check of equipment 设备技术查核equipment overhaul plan 设备大修方案monthly repair schedule of equipment 设备月度补缀方案equipment maintenance plan 设备维修方案three essential factors of equipment maintenance 设备维修三要素item repair plan of equipment 设备项修方案annual repair schedule of equipment 设备年度补缀方案breakdown maintenance 事后补缀first-aid repair 抢修accuracy of machine tool after overhaul 大修机床精度rolling (circulation) plan 滚动方案MIS maintenance 办理信息系统维修process capacity index 工程能力指数working accuracy 工作精度recovery repair 恢复性补缀rotational accuracy of machine tool 机床旋转精度machine repair shop 机修车间〔分厂〕maintenance mechanic 机修技工mechanical repair method 机械修复法instantaneous efficiency of machinery 机械的瞬时效率interchange method 互换法inspection 查验centralized maintenance system 集中补缀制geometric accuracy 几何精度seasonal repair 季节性补缀repair out of plan 方案外补缀scheduled maintenance 方案维修planned preventive maintenance system 方案预修制planned repair 方案补缀contact accuracy 接触精度emergency repair task 紧急补缀作业machining and fitting method on the spot 当场加工修配法precision index 精度指数accuracy standard 精度尺度precision retaining ability 精度保持性precision reserve 精度储藏fine repair 精修fine repair mechanic 精修技工economic accuracy 经济精度balancing precision grade 平衡精度等级mean time to repair(MTTR), mean repair time 平均补缀时间minor repair 小修fitting method 修配法repair link 修配环repair specification 补缀任务书repair rasks dispatch 补缀施工调剂repair time, shutdown time 补缀时间downtime quota for equipment repair 补缀停歇时间定额repair facilities 补缀用设备repair quality 补缀质量repair quality index 补缀质量指标repair quality plan 补缀质量方案repair quality assessment 补缀质量查核repair symbols 补缀标识repair cost assessment 补缀成本查核repair size 补缀尺寸repair quota 补缀定额repair cost quota 补缀费用定额repair scheme 补缀方案repair manhour quota 补缀工时定额repair manhours assessment 补缀工时查核repair technology 补缀工艺maintenance engineering truck 补缀工程车maintenance tool 补缀东西repair time limit assessment 补缀工期查核repair assessment 补缀查核inspection before repair 修前预检measuring and drawing before repair 修前测绘inquiry before repair 修前拜候service after repair 修后效劳optimum repair cycle 最优补缀周期assembly accuracy 装配精度electric repair shop 电修车间〔分厂〕maintenance electrician 电修技工repair cost accounting for single equipment 单台设备补缀费用核算adjustment method 调整法adjusting link 调整环4、设备办理probability 概率〔几率〕variance 方差decentralized maintenance 分散维修dynamic test 动态试验power facilities management 动力设备设施办理duct-proof and protective equipment management 除尘、防护设备办理sampling investigation 抽样查询拜访domestic production management of imported spare parts 备件国产化办理standard deviation 尺度偏差budget of installation 安装预算machine contracting system 包机制regulation of check and lubrication before on shift 班前查抄与润滑制度shift relief system ［设备］交接班制度Equipment Management Regulation 设备办理条例〔条例〕repair [设备]补缀maintenance (and repair) [设备]维修key-point investigation 重点查询拜访management of key-point equipment 重点设备办理key-point equipment 重点设备liability accident 责任变乱exponential distribution 指数分布histogram 直方图prepayment and collection 预付与托收承付prophylactic test 预防性试验prevention first 预防为主orthogonal design 正交设计法〔正交试验法〕normal distribution 正态分布transportation vehicle management system 运输车辆办理制度three guarantees of quality 质量“三包〞accident due to quality 质量变乱management regulation of pressure vessel 压力容器办理制度mean time to failure 无故障运行时间Weibull distribution 威布尔分布idle equipment management 闲置设备办理制度idle plant 闲置设备statistical analysis 统计阐发maintainability 维修性maintenance information management 维修信息办理combination of service and planned maintenance 维护与方案检修相结合random event 随机事件numerical control (NC) equipment management 数控设备办理three-level service system 三级调养制mathematical expectation 数学期望mathematical model 数学模型mathematical statistics 数理统计technical facilities in production 出产技术装备production equipment 出产设备life cycle cost (LCC) 寿命周期费用mangement regulation of lubricant warehouse 润滑油库办理制度commodity inspection 商检〔商品查验〕combination of design, manufacturing and operation 设计、制造与使用相结合investigation on plant 设备调研reliability reliability theory 设备的可靠性与可靠度energy saving property of plant 设备的节能性facility inspection and appraise through comparison for plant 设备的查抄评比plant check system 设备点检制度environmental protection property of plant 设备的环保性complete set of plant 设备的成套性safety of plant 设备的安然性productivity of plant 设备的出产率durability of plant 设备的耐用性flexibility of plant 设备的灵活性equipment condition monitoring and diagnostic technology manage 设备状态监测与诊断技术办理equipment condition management systen 设备状态办理制度total plant management 设备综合办理dynamic management system of plant assets 设备资产动态办理制度plant leasing 设备租赁preparation system before equipment repair 设备修前筹办制度man-hours quota for equipment repair 设备补缀工时定额expense quota for equipment repair 设备补缀费用定额material quota for equipment repair 设备补缀材料定额acceptance regulation of equipment repair quality 设备补缀质量验收制度equipment model 设备型号type of equipment 设备型式economical life of equipment 设备经济寿命operation and business management system 设备经营办理制度technical document of plant 设备技术档案technical conditions of equipment 设备技术状况technical condition management of plant 设备技术状态办理management system for technical document and file of plant 设备技术资料办理制度technical properties of plant 设备技术性能technical life of equipment 设备技术寿命specialized cooperation of plant maintenance 设备检修专业化协作planning and management regulation of plant maintenance 设备检修方案办理制度plant maintenance plan 设备检修方案plant maintenance specification 设备检修规程plant maintenance quality 设备检修质量design and construction of equipment foundation 设备根底设计与施工management of equipment order contract 设备合同办理feasibility studies of plant project 设备规划可行性阐发investment plan of plant 设备规划performance of plant 设备功能〔效能〕operational capability of plant 设备工作能力examination and check systems of plant management 设备办理查核制度economic responsibility regulation of plant management 设备办理经济责任制度post standard of plant management 设备办理岗位尺度plant management systems 设备办理制度downtime quota for equipment repair 设备办理停歇时间定额〔停歇天数〕plant engineering modernization 设备办理现代化plant management, plant enginerring 设备办理fixed plant assets management systems 设备固定资产办理制度equipment failure 设备故障plant renewal management 设备更新办理制度plant renewal 设备更新plant replacement 设备更换post responsibility of plant management 设备岗位责任equipment modification management system 设备改造办理制度plant reconstruction, plant modernization 设备改造classified management of plant 设备分级办理operation regulation with fixed qualified operator and fixed eq 设备定人定机、凭证操作规定“five disciplines〞of plant operation 设备操作的“五项纪律〞operation specification of equipment 设备操作规程management regulation of equipment spare parts 设备备品配件办理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts inventory 设备备件库房办理制度to quote plant price 设备报价discard of plant 设备报废equipment installation management 设备安装办理equipment installation 设备安装tours system to inspect plant 设备巡回查抄制度to enquire plant price 设备询价plant model selection 设备选型acceptance check and reception systems of plant 设备验收交接制度statistic-reporting system of plant 设备统计报表制度technical document and date for plant maintenance 设备维修技术资料management regulation of plant maintenance technology 设备维修技术办理制度equipment maintenance quota 设备维修定额equipment service specification 设备维护规程unit account of plant 设备台帐equipment perfectness norm 设备完好尺度plant in good condition 设备完好claims for equipment 设备索赔specifications of usage 设备使用规程information feedback management in initial operation period of pl 设备使用初期信息反响办理management regulation for operation and service of equipment 设备使用与维护办理制度life-cycle management of plant 设备全过程办理life of equipment 设备寿命lubrication management regulation of plant 设备润滑办理制度“five fixation〞of lubrication 设备润滑“五定〞accident management regulation of plant 设备变乱办理制度three do not let pass of plant accident 设备变乱“三不放过〞plant accident 设备变乱region responsibility system of plant maintenance 设备区域维修负责制fore period and later period management of plant 设备前期办理和后期办理regulation of fore period management of plant 设备前期办理规定wear compensation for plant 设备磨损抵偿plant ageing 设备老化arithmetic mean 算术平均值〔均值〕coercionary service system 强制调养制effect coefficient of investment 投资效果系数economic management system of plant 设备经济办理制度excellence selection activity in plant management 设备办理评优活动Pareto chart 摆列图〔帕累托图〕load test 负荷试验breakdown time 故障停机时间technological adaptability 工艺适应性supervision of engineering facilities 工程设备监理management of proccess-control-point equipment 工序控制点设备办理contract change and cancellation 合同变动与解除combined maintenance 混合维修regression analysis 回归阐发interval between inspections 查抄间隔期socialization of maintenance 检修社会化centralized maintenance 集中维修technical advancement 技术先进性combination of technical management and economic management 技术办理与经济办理相结合computer-aided plant management 计算机辅助设备办理P〕planned preventive maintenance system 方案预修制度〔ЛЛFOB of imported equipment 进口设备离岸价imported equipment management 进口设备办理CIF of imported equipment 进口设备到岸价precise,large scale,rare plant 精、大、稀设备management of precise,large scale,rare equipment 精、大、稀设备办理“five fixed〞of precise,large scale,rare,critical equipme 精、大、稀、关键设备的“五定〞economy 经济性static test 静态试验open-case inspection 开箱查抄average deviation 平均偏差mean waiting time,MWT 平均等待时间repair cycle 补缀周期structure of repair cycle 补缀周期布局combination of repair, modernization and renewal 补缀、改造与更新相结合complexity coefficient of repair 补缀复杂系数time between repairs 补缀间隔期leased equipment management system 租赁设备办理制度time value of fund 资金的时间价值natural accident 自然变乱self-made equipment 便宜设备management system for selfmade equipment 便宜设备办理制度self-made spare parts management system 便宜备件办理制度combination of professional management and mass management 专业办理与群众办理相结合transfer of facility 转让设备〔设备调剂〕typical investigation 典型查询拜访areal (departmental) repair center 地域〔部分〕补缀中心recovery ratio of used oil 废油回收率perfectness ratio of power plant 动力设备完好率fulfillment ratio of periodic service 按期调养完成率mean downtime(days) due to overhaul 大补缀平均停歇天数perfectness ratio of key-point equipments 重点设备完好率qualification ratio under first acceptance check 一次交验合格率availability of plant in use 在用设备可操纵率utilization ratio of installed equipments 已安装设备操纵率annual profit ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets 万元固定资产年创利润率maintenance expense for 1000 yuan production value 万元产值占用维修费用installation ratio of owned equipments 实有设备安装率comprehensive utilization ratio of plant 设备综合操纵率added value rate of plant assets 设备资产增值率capital investment recovery period of plant 设备资产投资回收期newness degree of plant 设备新度profit ratio vs net book value of plant 设备净资产创利润率utilization ratio of planned time of plant 设备方案台时操纵率constitution ratio of plant 设备构成比load rate of plant 设备负荷率back repair rate 设备返修率utilization ratio of institutional time of plant 设备制度台时操纵率idelness ratio of plant 设备闲置率plant capital investment recovery ratio 设备投资回收报率capital investment recovery period of plant 设备投资产出比perfectness ratio of plant 设备完好率plant daily service fulfillment ratio 设备日常调养完成率incident frequency 设备变乱频率utilization ratio 设备操纵率down time ratio to accident (failure) 变乱［故障］停机率fulfillment ratio of cleaning and oil change plan 清洗换油方案完成率mean repair cost per complexity coefficient of repair 每个补缀复杂系数平均大补缀成本maintenance expense per repair complexity coefficient 每个复杂系数占用维修费用industrial increase value ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets 每万元固定资产创工业增加值率failure intensity 故障强度failure frequency 故障频率perfectness ratio of critical equipments 关键设备完好率perfectness raito of precise,large scale and rare equipments 精大稀设备完好率availability 可操纵率〔有效操纵率〕mean down time,MDT 平均停机时间mean time between failture 平均故障间隔期，平均无故障工作时间fulfillment ratio of repair plan 补缀方案完成率。

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