微生物遗传学Introduction

2通过学习微生物遗传学•科学研究中–感受态细胞的选择–质粒，病毒载体的使用•基本科学问题–细菌基因组的稳定性–细菌如何根据外界条件变化调节自身基因表达–怎样研究基因间相互调控作用–细菌之间是否有相互交流–耐药性产生的原因、危害和对策–什么是H1N1, O157:H7–工农业上的应用DH5α(F-，φ80dlacZ ΔM15，Δ(lacZYA-argF)U169，deoR ，recA1，endA1，hsdR17(rk-，mk+)，phoA ，supE44，λ-，thi-1，gyrA96，relA1)课程内容绪论第一章微生物的遗传物质损伤修复第二章DNADNA损伤修复第三章基因突变第四章病毒遗传分析第五章质粒第六章接合转移第七章细菌转座子第八章基因表达调控第九章全局调控第十章微生物遗传学前沿和应用34主要参考书1. Molecular Genetics of BacteriaLarry Snyder, Wendy Champness20072. 现代微生物遗传学陈三凤陈三凤、、刘得虎编著化学工业出版社2009年3. 微生物遗传学（第三版第三版））盛祖嘉编著科学出版社2007年5教学目标•基本知识•微生物遗传领域最前沿的进展和技术•获得知识的能力•实际应用•独立发现、解决问题，进行科研的能力6教学方法•讲授>80% English•课堂讨论，提问考核及成绩计算•随堂测验–约12次，每次5分，共60分–题目：前一次课相关内容本次课讲述内容概要•期末考试–开卷考试–总结本课涉及的细菌调控方式，如：蛋白与DNA相互作用…–对课程内容及教师教学的意见和建议，10分78什么是微生物遗传学什么是微生物遗传学？？微生物遗传学是一门以病毒、细菌、放线菌、小型真菌以及单细胞动植物为研究对象的遗传学的分支学科。

–微生物基因型–基因表达，基因功能，表型–遗传物质发生的变化，如突变，重组等Microbial Genetics34 hours, 2 creditsWeihui Wu, Shouguang Jin，Yongxin JinOffice: Rm216Email: wuweihui@Phone: 235088749Myself•1994-1998 Nankai University B.S.•1998-2001 Nankai University M.SMentor: Professor Yuehua ChenResearch: Bacillus thuringesis cry genes•2001-2006 University of Florida Ph.D.Mentor: Dr. Shouguang JinResearch: Gene regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa•2006-2009 University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center Postdoctoral FellowMentor: Dr. Xin LinResearch: Cell signaling in Macrophage•2009-2011 Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolMentor: Gregory Priebe, M.D.Research: Host immune responses during Pseudomonas10aeruginosa infection11Introduction Chapter One Genetic Material of Microbial Chapter Two DNA RepairChapter Three MutationChapter Four Genetics of VirusChapter Five PlasmidsChapter Six ConjugationChapter Seven TransposonsChapter Eight Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter Nine Global RegulationChapter Ten Frontiers and Application ContentsPurposes•Basic Concepts•Detailed Knowledge of Microbial Genetics:–Genome–Gene Regulation–Communication between Bacteria–Antibiotic Resistance•Biological Techniques Developed from Microbes •Applications–Competent Bacteria–Vectors (Plasmids)12Introduction1.Basic Concepts2.Advantages of Bacteria in Genetics3.History and Development ofMicrobial Genetics4.What’s Going on131.Basic Concepts: Microbial Genetics14•Microb(Microorganism)–A microscopic organism–a single cell (unicellular), cell clusters, or no cell at all(acellular).•Genetics: A discipline of biology, is the science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.–The molecular structure and function of genes–Gene behavior in context of a cell or organism (e.g.dominance and epigenetics)–Patterns of inheritance from parent to offspring–Gene distribution, variation and change in populations.–All living systems, from viruses and bacteria, through plants and animals, to humans.15Microbial Genetics•Mutant–An organism that is the direct offspringof a normal member of the species (thewild type) but is different.•Phenotype–All the observable properties of thatorganism–Mutant phenotype: the characteristics ofthe mutant organism that differ fromthose of the wild type (wild typephenotype).•Genotype–The actual sequence of its DNA.172. Advantages of Bacteria in Genetics1819•Bacteria are haploid•Short Generation Times •Asexual Reproduction •Colony Purification•Selections and Screenings•Storing Stocks of Bacterial Strains •Genetic ManipulationsTechniques and Advantages3. History and Development2021•1674 –Anton vanLeeuwenhoek (1632–1723) • A Dutch tradesman and scientist•"the Father of Microbiology", and considered to be the first microbiologist.•Built a simple microscope (500-fold) with only one lens to examine blood, yeast, insects and many other tiny objects.•The first person to describebacteriaMicroscopic section throughone-year-old ash tree wood22First image of BacteriaDotted line between C and D indicates motility. Van Leeuwenhoek ´s famous description of microbes in tooth plaque (First edition, Delft in Holland, 12 September 1683, to Francois Aston,Pag.11). Leeuwenhoek ´s drawing of short rods of bacilli and bacteria, the spheres of micrococci, and the corkscrew spirillum. "In the morning I used to rub my teeth with salt and rinse my mouth with water and after eating to clean my molars with a toothpick.... I then most always saw, with great wonder, that in the said matter there were many very little living animalcules, very prettily a-moving. The biggest sort had a very strong and swift motion, and shot through the water like a pike does through the water; mostly these were of small numbers."231861Disproved spontaneous generationSwan neck bottle1862 PasteurizationLouis Pasteur(December 27, 1822 –September 28, 1895）1885 Vaccine against rabies24Gregor Johann Mendel(July 20, 1822 –January 6, 1884)Mendel's Laws of InheritanceThe Law of SegregationThe law of Independent AssortmentPublished the results of his investigations of theinheritance of "factors" in pea plants.1866251876First proof of Germ Theory of Disease withB. anthracisdiscoveryHeinrich Hermann Robert Koch(11 December 1843 –27 May 1910)1882Outlined Kochs postulatesKoch's postulates are:1.The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.2.The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.3.The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.4.The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.1881Growth of Bacteria on solid mediaagar, Petri dish (Julius Richard Petri)261884 Christian Gram(1850 -1938 )Developed Gram Stain1892 Dmitri IosifovichIvanovski(1864-1920)Discovered viruses1928 Alexander Fleming( 6 August 1881 –11 March 1955)Discovered Penicillin"When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer," Fleming would later say, "But I suppose that was exactly what I did." Production strain!274. What’s Going on?28Medical•Antibiotics Resistance “Super Bug”•New Dangerous Pathogens2930Medical •Human Microbiota(human microbiome)The human gutalone contains onaverage: 40,000bacterial species Human: 1013 CellsMicrobes: 1014Benefits:•Nutrients •Metabolism •Defense against pathogens •Immune system homeostasisIndustrial•Fermentation–Alcoholic beverage, Bread, Cheese, Yogurt, Vinegar, Soy Sauce…•Biodegradation--waste management •Bacteria in oil industry•Pesticides•Enzymes, metabolites, medicines•…….31Applications•Gene identification–Screening, Selection•Species identification–16s rRNA sequecing•Cloning–PCR, Chose of Vectors, Enzymes, TranscriptionalFusion, Translational Fusion•Protein Purification–Growth condition•DNA, RNA ( Transcriptome), sRNA, analysis –Second Generation Sequencing32Next time:Chapter OneThe Bacterial Chromosome1.DNA is Genetic Material2.DNA Structure3.The Bacterial Chromosome4.Replication of Bacterial Chromosome5.Chromosome in Eukaryote6.Applications33Any questions or suggestions? Or what else are you interested in?Contact information:Weihui Wu 吴卫辉Office: 216Phone: 23508874Email: wuweihui@34。