2018年考研南开大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业真题回忆
- 格式:docx
- 大小:12.99 KB
- 文档页数:1
语言学及应用语言学综合考试考研真题详解1在人类教育史上首次提出“教育遵循自然”学说的教育思想家是古希腊的______。
[暨南大学2018年研]【答案】亚里士多德查看答案【解析】亚里士多德开教育中注重人的发展之先河,在人类教育史上首次提出“教育遵循自然”的学说。
他最先提出儿童身心发展阶段的思想,赞成雅典健美体格、和谐发展的教育,主张把天然素质、养成习惯、发展理性看作道德教育的三个源泉。
2对外汉语教学的全部教学活动可概括为总体设计、教材编写、课堂教学、______四大环节,其中心环节是______。
[华侨大学2017年研]【答案】语言测试;课堂教学查看答案【解析】在学校教育中,课堂是实施教学的主要场所。
对外汉语课堂教学是对外汉语教学的基本组织形式,集中体现了对外汉语教学过程。
总体设计和教材编写必须考虑到课堂教学的特点和需要,并接受课堂教学的检验;成绩测试要从课堂教学的实际出发,并给课堂教学以反馈。
3第二语言测试按用途可分为学能测试、成绩测试、______和诊断测试。
[山东大学2016年研]【答案】水平测试查看答案【解析】学能测试,又称潜能测试或性向测试,目的在于了解受试者学习第二语言的潜在能力和素质;成绩测试又称课程测试,是一门课程或课型的测试,目的是检查学习者在某一教学阶段是否掌握了教学大纲和教材所规定的教学内容,在学习上取得什么成果;水平测试又称能力测试。
目的在于测量受试者现有的整体的语言实际运用能力,以评定是否达到胜任某项任务的要求;诊断测试是为了了解受试者在学习某一具体内容或在较短的一段学习时间里所存在的问题而进行的测试,目的是迅速直接地获得反馈信息,及时改进教学。
4活动课程论的代表人物是美国实用主义教育家______。
[首都师范大学2012年研]【答案】杜威查看答案【解析】活动课程论是指以经验为中心的课程理论。
奠定活动课程论理论基础的是19世纪至20世纪初美国实用主义教育家杜威。
他认为“学校科目相互关系的真正中心,不是科学,不是文学,不是历史,不是地理,而是儿童本身的社会活动。
南开大学专业英语考研大纲2018年与2019年对比一览表(外国语学院)
南开大学专业英语(外国语学院)2019年考研大纲已经公布,但是考研的同学都清楚何如利用吗?考研大纲是目标院校唯一官方指定的硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据,是规定研究生入学考试相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等权威指导性文件。
考研大纲作为唯一官方的政策指导性文件在专业课备考中的作用是不言而喻的。
然而,各大高校的考试大纲均在9月中旬左右才公布,对参照前一年的考研大纲已经复习大半年的莘莘学子来说可谓姗姗来迟。
借此,我们天津考研网特别推出考研大纲的对比、变化情况的系列专题,及时反映相关的考研动态,以此来消除学子们的复习误区;使学子们尽早捕捉到官方的细微变化。
为考研之路保驾护航!
以上是南开大学专业英语2018年与2019年考研大纲的对比情况,从对比文件可以看出,南开大学专业英语的考研大纲没有发生变化。
所以,报考目标院校目标专业的研友们可以安心的按照已定计划去复习备考。
南开大学专业英语考研资料请到天津考研网官网咨询查看。
南开大学二外日语考研大纲2018年与2019年对比一览表(外国语学院)
南开大学二外日语(外国语学院)2019年考研大纲已经公布,但是考研的同学都清楚何如利用吗?考研大纲是目标院校唯一官方指定的硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据,是规定研究生入学考试相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等权威指导性文件。
考研大纲作为唯一官方的政策指导性文件在专业课备考中的作用是不言而喻的。
然而,各大高校的考试大纲均在9月中旬左右才公布,对参照前一年的考研大纲已经复习大半年的莘莘学子来说可谓姗姗来迟。
借此,我们天津考研网特别推出考研大纲的对比、变化情况的系列专题,及时反映相关的考研动态,以此来消除学子们的复习误区;使学子们尽早捕捉到官方的细微变化。
为考研之路保驾护航!
以上是南开大学二外日语2018年与2019年考研大纲的对比情况,从对比文件可以看出,南开大学二外日语的考研大纲没有发生变化。
所以,报考目标院校目标专业的研友们可以安心的按照已定计划去复习备考。
南开大学二外日语考研资料请到天津考研网官网咨询查看。
南开大学法语考研大纲2018年与2019年对比一览表(外国语学院)
南开大学法语(外国语学院)2019年考研大纲已经公布,但是考研的同学都清楚何如利用吗?考研大纲是目标院校唯一官方指定的硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据,是规定研究生入学考试相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等权威指导性文件。
考研大纲作为唯一官方的政策指导性文件在专业课备考中的作用是不言而喻的。
然而,各大高校的考试大纲均在9月中旬左右才公布,对参照前一年的考研大纲已经复习大半年的莘莘学子来说可谓姗姗来迟。
借此,我们天津考研网特别推出考研大纲的对比、变化情况的系列专题,及时反映相关的考研动态,以此来消除学子们的复习误区;使学子们尽早捕捉到官方的细微变化。
为考研之路保驾护航!
以上是南开大学法语2018年与2019年考研大纲的对比情况,从对比文件可以看出,南开大学法语的考研大纲没有发生变化。
所以,报考目标院校目标专业的研友们可以安心的按照已定计划去复习备考。
南开大学法语考研资料请到天津考研网官网咨询查看。
目 录2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含部分答案)2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含答案)2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题(回忆版)(含部分答案)一、英汉互译1.ISO【答案】国际标准化组织2.document against acceptance【答案】承兑交单3.nuclear disarmament【答案】核裁军4.overhead pedestrian walk【答案】天桥5.US federal reserve system【答案】美国联邦储备系统6.alma mater【答案】母校7.leap year【答案】闰年8.plead innocent【答案】无罪答辩9.B/L【答案】海上运输提单10.WHO【答案】世界卫生组织11.紫外线【答案】ultraviolet ray12.食品添加剂【答案】food additives13.摩擦系数【答案】friction coefficient14.亚洲基础设施投资银行【答案】Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 15.驾驶证【答案】driver license16.民用工业【答案】civil industry17.农历【答案】lunar calendar18.常备军【答案】standing army19.大众传播【答案】Mass Communication20.室内装饰【答案】interior decoration二、段落翻译英译汉:关于戴安娜王妃的简略评价以及穿插了一点查尔斯王子的内容;汉译英:是散文,讲节日的真正含义(把平日因工作和利害关系而分开的人们重聚在一起享受真正的节日)。
2021 硕士研究生
初试试题
(回忆版)
(文档收集不易,谢谢支持!)
基础英语
1.选词填空: 不是GRE的词汇,一共20个,都很简单,已经变形好了
2.造句:
whip up
from within and without
at random
coax into
credit with
in nutshell
3.summary
4.summary 一篇关于AI未来的应用的文章,文章不长,summary要求是150词
之前准备的学校是广外,他们考summary,然后练过一篇,知道大概套路,看到题型变化也没有很慌
5.翻译一篇英译中,两篇汉译英:其中一篇是星火专八翻译,另一篇讲的红楼梦
6.作文:对居家办公的态度
法语:从今年真题来看,南开主要考察时态和词语搭配(这些搭配大部分不是课本上的),几乎没考代词,也换题型了!!!
1.单项选择
2.同义词替换这个比较难,下面四个选项来替换上面的词组和单词,好多我都不认识
3.时态填空:一整段话,不难读懂,但是需要细心,有的空需要考虑好多内容
4.法翻中
不是特别难和橙皮书的翻译水平差不多,至少没有考新冠病毒。
南开大学2017年语言学及应用语言学考研科目、考研参考书、考研真题050102语言学及应用语言学01对外汉语教学与研究Y15M4①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或244法语或245德语③726现代汉语与古代汉语④866语言学概论(汉院)02汉语言交际与文化Y15M4①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或244法语或245德语③726现代汉语与古代汉语④866语言学概论(汉院)专业课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧,虽然每个考生的专业不同,但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。
以下就是针对考研专业课的一些十分重要的复习方法和技巧。
一、专业课考试的方法论对于报考本专业的考生来说,由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基础和知识储备,相对会比较容易进入状态。
但是,这类考生最容易产生轻敌的心理,因此也需要对该学科能有一个清楚的认识,做到知己知彼。
跨专业考研或者对考研所考科目较为陌生的同学,则应该快速建立起对这一学科的认知构架,第一轮下来能够把握该学科的宏观层面与整体构成,这对接下来具体而丰富地掌握各个部分、各个层面的知识具有全局和方向性的意义。
做到这一点的好处是节约时间,尽快进入一个陌生领域并找到状态。
很多初入陌生学科的同学会经常把注意力放在细枝末节上,往往是浪费了很多时间还未找到该学科的核心,同时缺乏对该学科的整体认识。
其实考研不一定要天天都埋头苦干或者从早到晚一直看书,关键的是复习效率。
要在持之以恒的基础上有张有弛。
具体复习时间则因人而异。
一般来说,考生应该做到平均一周有一天的放松时间。
四门课中,专业课(数学也属于专业课)占了300分,是考生考入名校的关键,这300分最能拉开层次。
例如,专业课考试中,分值最低的一道名词解释一般也有4分或者更多,而其他专业课大题更是动辄十几分,甚至几十分,所以在时间分配上自然也应该适当地向专业课倾斜。
根据我们的经验,专业课的复习应该以四轮复习为最佳,所以考生在备考的时候有必要结合下面的内容合理地安排自己的时间:第一轮复习:每年的2月—8月底这段时间是整个专业复习的黄金时间,因为在复习过程遇到不懂的难题可以尽早地寻求帮助得到解决。
目 录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目:应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1. prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2. Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3.IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4.suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5.blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6.denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7.hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8.stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9.inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10.back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11.c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13.context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14.corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15.CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1.[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2.[j]【答案】palatal approximant3.【答案】glottal plosive4.[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5.[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6.[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7.[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8.[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9.【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10.[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1.Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年南开大学英语语言文学专业真题回忆2019南开英语语言文学真题题型回忆✔️日语今年单词难度不是很大,考的题型也很简单。
总的来说40分的单词,60分的翻译(所以啊,同志们,一定要抓住翻译,南开一如既往无论考英语还是日语方面都对翻译情有独钟;单词只要认真背过是没问题的,大部分还是初级的。
)给出汉字写平假名十个(10分)平假名写汉字十个(10分)外来语十个(10分)接续变形十个(10分)日译汉十个(每句3分,共30分)汉译日十个(同上)(再次重申,翻译是真的需要多背多读课文句子,多练习,尝试自己多写句子翻译,熟练运用语法知识,否则会很难写出来完整的句子)✔️基础英语考试写完卷子整体感觉六级难度,真的很意外,因为阅读超级短,但是大家依旧不能掉以轻心,万一明年有变化呢?所以,继续练习!20个单词填空(20分,词汇不难,备考中都会学到)完型选择20个(20分)三篇阅读(每篇5个选择,共30分)两篇英译中(20分)一篇中译英(30分)一篇作文How to maintain our own culture(40分,要求不少于400字)(作文真的必须多多积累素材,否则400字很容易写不够,或者内容拖沓,这是我出现的问题啊)✔️专业英语南开的这项考试考三个内容,语言学、文学、翻译及理论,同志们应该都有所了解啦。
▪️语言学方面五个名词解释,分别是allomorphs,blending,deep structure ,implicature ,homonyms (每个2分,共10分)五个语音特征[v][t].[n][u][e](每个2分,共10分)两道简答题,(1)考查树形图分析句子结构,给出两个句子,每个句子五分,共十分,Many executives eat at really fancy restaurant ;The man in the kitchen drives a truck. (2)用language variation 的知识分析为什么linguistic forms can’t be good or bad.▪️文学方面五个名词解释,分别是Elegy,Jonathan Swift ,Local Colorism ,Herman Melville ,Ernest Hemingway(每个4分,共20分)小说分析,考查的是Arthur Miller的作品Death of a Salesman ,分析这个悲剧是由Willy 个人保全自己尊严造成的原因,还是社会环境造成的,又或者是两者都是(18分)诗歌分析,考查的是Tennyson 的The Eagle选段,通过分析figure of speech 并且阐述其function (12分)▪️翻译及理论方面两个名词解释,分别是foreignization和Dynamic Equivalence;(每个5分,共10分)最后一篇英译汉,难度适中,汉译英考查的是散文,专八翻译经常有的那种类型。
天津商业大学2018年研究生入学考试试题专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第1页说明:答案标明题号写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上的无效。
Part I Linguistics(100marks)I.Studying linguistics,we have come across a lot of technical terms,some of which are listed below.Please write out the most acceptable definitions for each of them.(10%)a)language;b)linguistics;c)morphology:d)duality;e)intercultural communication:f)sociolect;g)syntax;h)synonyms;i)pragmatics;j)speech communityII.Studying linguistics we have been acquainted with many linguists,five of whom are listed below.Write out a phrase that may best represent their contributions to linguistics.(10%)a)Edward Sapir;b)Noam Chomsky;c)M.A.K.Hallidayb)d)H.P.Grice;e)Leonard Bloomfield专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第2页III.Linguistics as a specified discipline has its own technical ways of operation.Try to fill the blanks to demonstrate your technical sense of linguistics.(15%)1.Please give the corresponding sound segments according to thedescriptions:voiceless labiodental fricative:a)________;voiced alveolar stop:b)_________front,close,short:c)__________2.Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different types oflinguistic study.If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use,it is said to bed)____________;if the linguistic study aims to lay down rulesfor“correct and standard”behavior in using language,i.e.to tell people what they should say and what they should not say,it is said to be e)_________.Modern linguistics is mostlyf)__________.3.What functions does language perform?Three main functions are often recognized of language.The g)___________function,also referred to differently as the cognitive,or referential,or propositional function,is assumed to be the primary function of language.The h)______________function,also called the专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第3页emotive or attitudinal function,supplies information about the user’s feelings,preferences,prejudices,and values.And the i)____________function,also referred to as the interpersonal function,serves to establish and maintain social relations between people.4.There are4maxims in Cooperative Principle,namely,the maxim of j)__________,the maxim of k)_________,the maxim of l)__________and the maxim of manner.5.Over the time many words remain in use,but their meanings have changed.There are three processes of semantic change,namely semantic m)______________,(when the meaning of a word becomes broader,for example,the word holiday,which originally meant“holy day”or“a day of religious significance”,but now it signifies any day on which people don’t have to work);semantic n)_________________(when the semantic change has narrowed the meaning of some words which are still used in Modern English,for example,girl,once meaning“young person of either sex”,now refers to“young person of the female sex”)and semantic o) ____________(when a word undergoes a change in meaning,for example,the word inn refers to a small hotel or pub,usually an old one,but now a well-known nice hotel may use inn as its name).专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第4页IV.To be a student of linguistics,it is important to develop a sense of critical thinking.Please answer the following questions to demonstrate your critical potentials.(35%)nguage exists in time and changes through time.Thedescription of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study;the description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study.Which approach enjoys priority in modern linguistics?And why?2.The distinction between langue and parole was made in the early20th century.Why was this distinction made?3.The classic semantic triangle was suggested by Ogden andRichards to explain the relationship between words and things.What is the shortcoming of this triangle?4.First consider the following sentence:Tom is rich but he is not greedy.Then answer the question:what conventional implicature can you get about rich people from this utterance?And which word(or words)helps you get such an implicature?专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第5页5.First read the following passage:Tianjin to start winter heating early as cold front continues Xinhua|Updated:2017-10-3015:5TIANJIN--North China's city of Tianjin turn on its central heating Wednesday,15days earlier than in previous years,to combat a cold front affecting the region.The city government made the announcement Monday. Temperatures in Tianjin have dropped nearly20℃due to the recent cold front,and the chilly weather has been accompanied by strong winds.The city has adjusted the time to turn on the central heating several times in the past.Then try to analyze the passage in terms of field of discourse,tenor of discourse and mode of discourse.专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第6页V.Write two short essays on the following topics to demonstrate your potential of doing linguistics.(30%)1.Read the following passage first and then try to compare thedifferences in addressing between Chinese and English-speaking people.In many English-speaking countries,people address each other by just using their first names,e.g.Tom,Michael,Ellen,or Sophie. This is particularly true in the United States,where equality is greatly valued on different levels of social life.Therefore,it is not strange for a student to call his or her teachers by their first name or a mother-in-law to be called in the same way by her daughter-in-law, although some seniors may prefer to be called by their surname.2.The following two passages will reveal how language can vary inthe degree of formality:Passage A:It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly.Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books,and to bear in mind the needs of other students.Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第7页Passage BThe number of books in the library has been going down.Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing,and don’t forget that the library is for everyone’s convenience.So from now on,we’re going to enforce the rules strictly.You have been warned!Passage A is obviously more formal than Passage B.Now please compare the two passages and try to point out,with examples, what makes Passage A more formal.Part II Translation(50points)VI.Please translate the following passage into Chinese.(25 points)With decades of hard work,socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era.This is a new historic juncture in China’s development.This is what socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era means:The Chinese nation,which since modern times began had endured so much for so long,has achieved a tremendous transformation—it has stood up, grown rich,and become strong;and it now embraces the brilliant prospects of rejuvenation.It means that scientific socialism is full of vitality in21st century China,and that the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is now flying high and proud for all to see.It means that the path,the theory,the system,and the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics have kept developing,blazing专业:外国语言学及应用语言学课程名称:语言学及翻译(804)共8页第8页a new trail for other developing countries to achieve modernization. It offers a new option for other countries and nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence; and it offers Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing mankind.VII.Please translate the following passage into English.(25 points)孔子学院(Confucius Institute)是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。
英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研)2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研)3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication.4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______.6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover whatlanguage is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing.8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called______. (北二外2003研)9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研)10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研)11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研)12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way wordsare combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the studyof the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研)13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called_______. (北二外2008研)15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguisticlinguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研)16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______.18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The formeris the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking,listening,writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors.19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研)20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研)II. Multiple Choice1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Dualityof the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研)A. treeB. crashC. typewriterD. bang3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome thebarriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. Transferability.B. Duality.C. Displacement.D. Arbitrariness:5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely con nected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研)A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language func tions?A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake.B. The emo tive function is to convey message and information.C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings.D. The phat ic function is to establish communion with others.of the following is a main branch of linguistics? (大连外国语学院2008研)A. MacrolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. Sociolinguistics8. ______ refers to the system of a language, i. e. the arrangement of sounds and w ords which speakers of a language have a shared knowledge of. (西安外国语学院2006研) A. Langue B. Competence C. Communicative competence D. Linguistic potentialstudy of language at one point in time is a _______ study. (北二外2010研)A. historicalB. synchronicC. descriptiveD. diachronic10. “An refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. ”This shows that language has the design feature of _____.A. arbitrarinessB. creativityC. dualityD. displacement11. The function of the sentence “Water b oils at 100 degreeCentigrade”is .A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative is closely connected with ______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Langue B. Competence C. EticIII. True or False1. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language. (清华2000研)2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowle dge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way usedby the deaf-mute is not language4. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially cre ative, and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to g eneration. As a foreign language learner, the latter is mere important for us.5. The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES. (大连外国语学院2008研)6. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.7. Langue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.8. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.9. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descript ive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners’communicative skills.10. Language is a system of arbitrary, written signs which permit all the people ina given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to com municate or interact.11. Saussure’s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical lingu istics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to lan guage teaching and learning.13. Wherever humans exist, language exists. (对外经贸2006研)14. Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.15. Duality is one of the characteristics of human language. It refers to the fact t hat language has two levels of structures: the system of sounds and the system of me anings.16. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it ca n tell us how to speak correct language. IV. Explain the following terms.(北二外2010研;南开大学2010研)features(南开大学2010研;清华2001研)linguistics6. Descriptive linguistics(四川大学2006研)V. Short answer questions1. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind ofrelationships hold between the two. (北外2002研)参考答案及解析I.Fill in the blanks.(人类语言区不于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区不特征,是人类语言特有的特征。
南开大学二外法语考研大纲2018年与2019年对比一览表(外国语学院)
南开大学二外法语(外国语学院)2019年考研大纲已经公布,但是考研的同学都清楚何如利用吗?考研大纲是目标院校唯一官方指定的硕士研究生入学考试命题的唯一依据,是规定研究生入学考试相应科目的考试范围、考试要求、考试形式、试卷结构等权威指导性文件。
考研大纲作为唯一官方的政策指导性文件在专业课备考中的作用是不言而喻的。
然而,各大高校的考试大纲均在9月中旬左右才公布,对参照前一年的考研大纲已经复习大半年的莘莘学子来说可谓姗姗来迟。
借此,我们天津考研网特别推出考研大纲的对比、变化情况的系列专题,及时反映相关的考研动态,以此来消除学子们的复习误区;使学子们尽早捕捉到官方的细微变化。
为考研之路保驾护航!
以上是南开大学二外法语2018年与2019年考研大纲的对比情况,从对比文件可以看出,南开大学二外法语的考研大纲没有发生变化。
所以,报考目标院校目标专业的研友们可以安心的按照已定计划去复习备考。
南开大学二外法语考研资料请到天津考研网官网咨询查看。
南开大学是国家教育部直属重点综合性大学,是敬爱的周恩来总理的母校。
多少莘莘学子梦想能够踏进这所高等学府,在这里历练成为对国家和社会有用的人才,今天就来给大家分享一下南开大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业的考研经验,希望能给大家一些帮助。
1.政治政治是大家最熟悉的一门课程,看似比较难,内容比较多,比较杂,其实掌握好复习方法,选购适合自己的参考书,理清复习思路后就会觉得没有那么不可攻克。
除了课本外,主要的复习资料就是李凡政治新时器,根据书的内容,列出政治考试的整体构架,对照复习大纲,列出几大模块,制订后面的复习计划。
做到复习前先心中有数。
第一遍的复习主要是理清整体的复习思路,再按照资料的内容,认真过一遍所有的知识点。
李凡精讲精练的内容讲的很全面,所以书也比较厚,需要规划好时间,静下心来好好复习,可以在暑假就早点开始准备,差不多两个月完成第一轮全部的计划。
之后就是边做练习题,边复习,可以先从《李凡1000题》开始,有针对性的模块练习,检验复习成效,碰到难点和易错点正好可以发现问题,进行二次的知识补充,总之就是一个边做边学的过程,找到自己熟悉和适合的节奏,进入复习和做题状态后,就会很快,也不会觉得题目太多做不完。
最后考前的时候,就是冲刺巩固大题的阶段,精细背诵成为了这个阶段必要的过程,《李凡四》《李凡八》是这个时期主要的复习资料,客观题作为练习,主观题背诵,为考试时积累材料和相关知识点套话,帮助小伙伴们在考试时不慌张,做到心中有数。
2.二外德语参考资料:《新编大学德语》、《德语应用语法》第二外语,德语,采用的教材就是大学阶段的《新编大学德语》,教材本身的难度感觉还可以,但是内容涉猎的比较广,相对讲的也深一些,把教材好好把握,抓透,基本上对付应试问题不大,但是对于那些追求第二外语高分,希望通过这一门科目拉开与其他同学差距的小伙伴,还可以在多准备一些参考书目。
本科的第二外语课程,一共有三个学期,按照德语老师的说法,本科阶段的所学习的德语知识基本上就可以应对第二外语的考试,所以,平时上课是认真听讲,下课认真复习,经常总结,多读、多听,有不懂的就问老师,外教老师都很热情,喜欢有想法、有问题的孩子,打好德语学习的基础,考前再集中练习应该就差不多了。
语言学基础
第一大题,名词解释(好像一共7个?)
tone language
lexicon
inflection
grammarticalization
dialect
phoneme
第二题,考察语音
通过材料分析phonological rules,给出phonological description
第六题,通过dignostic rules判断语句grammaticality
第九题,考察pronouns
第十二题,考察CP
还有一道题,判断区分entailment,implication和presupposition.
今年有两道题和语序有关(日语SOV语序,关系句)
最后一大题有一项是typology。
以上是让我印象深刻的全部题目了。
语言学的题量蛮大的,时间比较紧。
NKU用真题讲大实话:年轻人,你复习得还不够全面。
基础英语
第一大题,选词填空
第二大题,完型
第三大题,三篇阅读
第四大题,汉译英(关键词:范冲淹,岳阳楼,滕子京,“先天下之忧而忧”)
第五大题,作文(对《时代周刊》给古典乐单留版面写评论的看法,400词)
二外德语
德语历年均分都挺低的,真题也很难找。
我这里只有从圣才扣出来的09年前后两套,但是题型已经改变。
虽然自己德语比较渣,但还是能感觉到二外难度较零几年已经下降了不少,所以,学德语的孩子们!还是要抱有希望的复习啊!
题型如下
单选(考察搭配,词汇量,德国文化一题)
阅读(第一篇判断正误,其余单选)
翻译(汉译德:句子三四个;德译汉:短文两篇)。