四级考试阅读匹配习题详解

英语四级阅读匹配练习题答案精解Why I Became a Teacher: to Pass on My Love of LiteratureA Like lots of people, I never thought I'd be a teacher when I was at school. To be honest l only did my training because my husband was on a four-year course and 1was on a three-year course at Cardiff University so I wanted to do something for one year. I thought doing a teaching qualification would be interesting and might be quite use full I'm convinced that nothing else I might have done would have given me so much pleasure and satisfaction, or fitted in so well with family life.B When I retire, in just a few years time, I can look back on a career which made a positive difference to the lives of thousands of children. Few other career choices can be so rewarding, so if you have a love of your subject and want the opportunity to pass that on then teaching can be a great career.C Anyone going into teaching now will be used to teaching to formal work schemes and observation. I think it has raised standards in the profession but personally I feel the loss in the classroom. I've got the confidence of 30 years experience. I've seen new approaches come and go and sometime even identical "new ideas" come and go more than once.D For me, it's the passion for your subject and interest in the success of your students that matters more than how all the acronyms 首字母缩略词 add up. This is what will make you a good teacher. There's still room for individuals but you have to have the confidence and passion for your subject to make it work.E The major challenge in teaching is time. There's not enough of it. It's hard if you're working full time to cope with the marking and feel Eke you have enough time to do your job properly. I've worked part time ever since I had children. I officially work three days a week--trot on my two days off I always work, it probably all adds up to what counts as a full week's work in most other jobs but the pay isn't bad so you can work part time and then the job really does fit in with family life. There are shortcuts to save time, and if had to work part time I'd have to use. them. But working part time gives me the luxury, to be a critical marker. It can take two hours to mark a 3,000 word A level essay, so if you have 16 pupils that's 32 hours of marking in one week for just one class.F One of the benefits of being a part-time teacher is that I do have timeto mark properly. Sometimes my feedback is almost as long as their essay but 1 really want the kids to do well. One of the best things about teaching is you get to raise children's aspirations, and to make a difference in their lives. You get visits and emails from your old students to prove it! It's great to make the difference, and, as they say, it does make it all worthwhile.G The core of teaching is the subject and the pupils. We have a lot of NQTs and PGCE students coming to our school and sometimes I must admit tobeing disappointed when students don't know their subjects that well. I had an NQT who was teaching Animal Farm and asked me "What's Marxism?" --and she'dgot a first in her degree so it just goes to show that government initiativesto try and attract those with firsts aren't necessarily going work.H However. lots of people drop out of teaching after a couple of years, it is an exhausting job. So my advice to those just starling out is:I Don't lose your sense of proportion over things that happen in the classroom or in an observation that doesn't go well. As long as in the higger picture of things you are connecting with kids and the subject--then don't get frustrated. Even after 30 years of teaching everyone has fearful days in teaching, he you think: "Can I really do this?"You've got In keep positive;it's only a problem if you gel mute bad days than good days.JMake sure leaching doesn't overwhelm you. You have Io develop strategies especially if you are teaching a subject which requires a lot of marking. So plan things well. Get your pupils to do peer marking, which really can work.If you know you just can't handle any more marking in a particular week, get pupi!s to write a speech and then perform it in the next class. You've got to think ahead about times of maximum workload and plan accordingly--ask yourmore experienced colleagues for adviceKYou've got to keep your sense of burnout, which is a great v, ay of relieving a,situation. I know I became a better teacher when I became a parent.I realised that kids can be so unpleasant sometimes, even your own kids. They don't mean it; they're just being kids. It doesn't mean they bate you or hate your lessons, When you're a new teacher coming into teaching, especially ifyou are young, you think of the students as almost your adversaries 对手, anti you've got-to defeat them. But you've got to be, careful what you say. Youcan't belittle them too much or you can really harm them.L Love your subject. If you are going to succeed in secondary school leaching you must love your subject. The kids really know if you do or don't.M You have to know your students are individuals, they learn in different ways. You have to be sensitlive to that.N You can't just teach to a formula. 1 do worry about the diffcuence between lip service to what the government say it's supposed to be like and what it's really like. I do hate the untrnthfulness of that and the gulf seems to widen more anti more. It feels likewhat matters most is what's tested. The trouble is nothing that is really worthwhile canbe tested. are the love of learning, connection with literature, having empathy 移情作用 --these are the things that really make a difference to someone's life but of course theycan't be tested. Young teachers have to he eareful not to get lost in fimnulas and initiatives. A more experienced teacher will have confidence to respond to kids anti to talk about an issue that's raised in class that's not on the plan. The children will learn so much from that but there's no box to tick.1. Keeping sense of humor rather than belittling your students can help relieve a situation.2. Teachers should not teach to a formula because what cannot be testedmay really matter to a student's life.3. For the author, the main challenge in teaching is that there's no enough time.4. For teachers faced with a lot of marking, one strategy is to get pupils involved in peer marking.5. When dealing with things that happen in the classroom, teachers are advised to decide priorities.6. Working part time enables the author to mark students' assignments properly.7. The author believes she has received most satisfaction from teaching asa career.8. Students can tell whether a teacher loves his subject or not.9. The author thinks that teaching to formal work schemes and observation can make a loss in the classroom.10. According to the author, passion for a subject and interest in students' success will make a good teacher.1.K 【题干译文】保持幽默感比贬低学生更能缓解课堂上的突发状况【定位】由题干中的sense ol humor，belittling you students和relieve a situation定位到原文K段第一句：You've got to keep your sense of humour.which is a great way of relieving a situation.和最后一句：You can’t belittle them too much 01"vou Carl really harm them.【精解】K段第一句提到，幽默感是缓解突发状况的妙方。

四级段落匹配阅读练习题及答案解析A Battle is Looming over Renewable Energy,and Fossil Fuel Interests are LosingA. In state capitals across the country,legislators are debating proposals to roll back environmental rules，prodded by industry and advocacy groupseager to curtail缩减regulations aimed atcurbing greenhouse gases.B.The measures，which have been introduced in about 18 states，lie at the heart of an effort to expand to the state level the battle over fossil fueland renewable energy.The new rules wouldtrim or abolish climate mandates--including those that require utilities to use solar and wind energy,as well as proposed Environmental Protection Agency rules that would reduce carbonemissions from power plants.C.But the campaign—despite its backing from powerful groups such as Americans for Prosperity—has run into a surprising roadblock：the growing political clout of renewable-energy interests，evenin rock-ribbed Republican states such as Kansas.D. The stage has been set for what one lobbyist called“trench warfare”as moneyed interests on both sides wrestle over some of the strongest regulations for promoting renewable energy.And theissues are likely to surface this fall in the midterm elections，as well，with Califomia billionaire Tom Steyer pouring money into various gubernatorial州长的and state and federal legislativeraces to back candidates who support tough rules curbing pollution.E.The multi-pronged conservative effort to roll back regulations，begun more than a year ago，is supported by a loose，well.funded confederation that includes the U.S.Chamber of Commerce，theNational Association of Manufacturers and conservative activist groups such as Americans for Prosperity,a politically active nonprofit organization founded in part by brothers David andCharles Koch.These groups argue that existing government rules violate free-market principles and will ultimately drive up costs for consumers.F.The proposed measures are similar from state to state.In some cases，the legislative language matches or closely resembles model bills and resolutions offered by the American LegislativeExchange CouncilALEC，a free-market.oriented group of state lawmakers underwritten in part by Exxon Mobil，Koch Industries，Duke Energy and Peabody Energy.“Now more than ever is the time forstates to lead the wa y,”ALEC’s top officials told its members at a meeting in December.G.The coalition campaigns have achieyed only symbolic victories in a few states.Nonbinding resolutions critical of the EPA power plant proposals have been approved inAlabama，Georgia，Nebraska，West Virginia and Wyoming.Three otherstates--Louisiana.Missouri and Ohio—are weighing legislation similar to the ALEC model.H.Only one of the 18 state legislatures has approved a more substantive measure that would replace the EPA’s powe r plant rules.And even that bill.in Kentucky,could backfire by giving up achance for the state to design its own program and forcing it to accept a federal compliance program.I.“Clean energy is beginning to become mainstream，”said GabeEisner,executive director of the Energy and Policy Institute，a clean-energy think tank in Washington.“Renewable energy is popularand has increased political power now,”but，he added，“that power is still eclipsed by the resources of the fossil fuel industry.”A surprisingly tough fightJ.Kansas might be the best place to see how these dynamics are unfolding.K.The state was a promising choice for a foray攻击against rules known as renewable-energy standards.which set minimum levels of renewable-energy use by electric utilities.Variations of theserules have been adopted in about 30 states.even though Congress did not pass a federal version of the requirement.In Kansas，a law passed in 2021 requires utilities to use wind and solar powerto generate at least 15 percent of their electricity bv 2021 and 20 percent by 2021.L.The coalition seeking the repeal of the renewable mandate had all the ingredients for success.Financial.muscle came from the Kansas Chamber of Commerce，which lobbied heavily for repeal.Inaddition，the state is home to Koch Industries，the Kochbrothers’Wichita-based energy conglomerate集团.The state representative for Wichita，Republican Dennis Hedke，has called the company“one ofthe greatest success stories in the world”and said“they are makingvery positive contributions.”Hedkechairs the state House’s Energy and Environment Committee.M.Koch Industries，along with the utility industry’s Edison Electric Institute and the nation’s biggest coal company,Peabod y Energy,have supported ALEC.which advised state lawmakers on repealstrategy.N.“Koch has consistently opposed all subsidies and mandates across the board.especially as it relates to energy policy,”Philip Ellendea presidentand chief operating officer of Koch CompaniesPublic Sector,said in a statement，citing the company’s opposition tothe renewable fuel standard，wind production tax credit and ethanol乙醇mandate.“Government should not mandate the allocationor use of natural resources and raw materials in the production of goods.”O.The ideological case was supported by conservative think tanks.Kansansfor Liberty supposed repeal.and the state branch of Americans for Prosperity told supporters that“green energymandates replace the free-market with bureaucratic government oversight，driving up costs for hard—working Kansas families.”The national group has spent$300.000 in the state pushing for therollback of renewable standards.P.Connections to key Kansas politicians also were stron9.Both the Kansas state Senate’s president.Susan Wagle，and the speaker of the state House，Ray Merrick，are members of the ALEC board andbacked repeal.“The repeal of the RPS[Renewable Portfolio Standards]fits in line with the goals of the organization，”said Wagle，who said she joined ALEC in the 1990s in connection with heropposition to health-care reforln led by Hillary Rodham Clinton.then the first lady.Q.Moreover’the Kansas economy relies heavily on fossil fuels.The state iS the nation’s 10th.1argest producer of crude oil and l 2th-largest of natural gas，according to the federal EnergyInformation Administration.In 2021，coal-fired power plants provided 61 percent of the state’s electricity,well above the national aver age.But the strong winds that blow across Kansas havecarried new interests into the state.Kansas ranks sixth in the countryin wind output，which jumped by a third last year and equaled 19 percent of the state’s electricity,the EIA says.R. The growing number of wind farms not only generates power but royalties for landowners.Dorothy Barnett，executive director of the Climate and Energy Project，said that Kansas landownersreceive more than$1 3 million a year.“This issue is an issue that touches rural Kansans，and we have a lot of rural Kansas legislators，”she said.46.Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama and Georgia.47.It is hopeful to gain success if Kansas is chosen as the foray against the rules of renewable-energy standards which minimize the renewable-energy use by power plants.48.Koch Company’s Philip Ellender cited the company’s opposition to the renewable rules to approve its objection to all energy-policy-concerning subsidies and mandates，and advised thatgovernment let go of the allocation or use of materials used in goods production.49.The issue is a problem that concerns the benefits of people in therural Kansas，and we have a great many lawmakers from rural parts of Kansas.50.The requirement to abolish the RPS complies with the organization’s targets.51.The methods adopted by the l 8 states are the kernel of the attempts to level up the battle between fossil fuel and renewable energy.52.The stage is established for the so-called“Wench warfare”，for the monetary benefits of both parts have been violated by the most powerful rules to spread renewable energy.53.The league which requires abolishing the renewable mandate had all the factors to achieve success.54.However,the winds that sweep across Kansas have brought new benefits to the state.55.The all-sided efforts which roll back the renewable rules have been backed by a confederation with abundant capital，the members of which go against the existing govemment rules.46.Resolutions with no binding force which are picky about the EPA power plant proposals have been accepted in many states such as Alabama andGeorgia.那些对EPA电力公司的建议很挑剔的，不具有约束力的决议得到了阿拉巴马和佐治亚等州的支持。

四级阅读段落信息匹配题及答案分析四级阅读段落信息匹配题及答案分析 Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. How to Use a Library A)You’re driving your car home from work or sch001.And something goes wron9.The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass.It needs a tune up and soon.Where do you go? The library.You can take out an auto repair manual that tells step by step how to tune up your make and model.Or your tennis game has fallen off.You’ve lost your touch at the net.Where do you go? The library for a few books on improving your tennis form. B)“The library!”you say.“That’s where my teacher sends me to dough homework."Unfortunately, I’ve found that’s exactly the way many people feel.If you’re among them.you’re denying yourself the easiest way to improve yourself, enjoy yourself and even cope with life.My first suggestion for making the most of your library is to do what I did，read and read and read.For pleasure——and for understanding. C)If it’s TV that keeps you from cultivating this delicious habit，I can offer a sure remedy.Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interestin9.Pile them on the TV set.Next time you are tempted to turn on a program you really don’t want to see，reach for a book instead. D)Over the years，people collect a mental list of books they mean to read.If you don’t have such a list，here is the suggestion.Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyed dramatized on TV, like Remargue’s All Quiet on the Western Front，Clavell’s Shegun，Tolkien’s The Hobbit，or Victor Hugo’s Les Mise Rables.If you like what you read、you can follow up with other satisfying books by the same authors. E)Some people in their reading limit themselves to current talked—about best sellers.Oh，what they miss! The library is full of yesterday’s best sellers;and they still make compelling reading today. Some that I've enjoyed：A.B.Guthrie’s The Big Sky，Carl Van Doren’s Benjamin Franklin，Mari Sandoz’s.Old Jules，and Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead. F) How do you find these or any other books you’re looking for? It’s easy—with the card catalog. Every time I go to the library——and I go more than once a week——I invariably make a beeline to the card catalog before anything else.It’s the nucleus of any public library.The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1.author;2.title;3.subject.Let’s pick an interesting subject to look up.I have always been fascinated by astronomy.You’ll be surprised at the wealth of material you will find under “a strong my” to draw upon.And the absorbing books you didn’t know existed on it. CAUTION：Always have a pencil and paper when you use the card catal09. G) Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves.Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”.In many smaller libraries，which you’ll be using，the stacks will be open for you to browse.To me there is a special thrill in tracking down the books I want in the stacks !For invariably,I find books about which I knew nothin9，and these often turn out to be the very ones l need.You will find the same thing happening to you when you start to browse in the stacks.“A learned mind is the end product of browsing.” CAUTION：If you take a book from the stack s to your work desk，do not try to return it to its proper place.That’s work for the experts.If you replace it incorrectly, the next seeker won’t be able to find it. H)Some of the brightest and rmed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help.Introduce yourself State your problem.And be amazed at how much he p you will receive.CAUTION：Don’t waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself.Save the reference librarian for the really big ones. I) You shot：ld also learn to use the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.This green—bound index is me of the most useful items in any library.It indexes all the articles in the major magazines，including newspaper magazine supplements.Thus it provides a guide to the very latest expert information of any subject that interests you.So if you want to do a really first—class job，find out which magazines your library subscribes to，then consult the Reader's Guide and track down recent articles on your subject.When you use this wonderful tool effectively, you show the mark of a real scholar. J) Since you can take most books home，but not magazines，take full notes when using the latter. Many libraries today provide a reprographic machine that can quickly copy pages you need from magazines and books.Ask about it：If you are working on a project of some size which will require repeated library visits，keep a small notebook in which you record the identification numbers of the books you will be using frequently.This will save you valuable time，because you won’t have to consult the card catalog or search aimlessly through the stacks each time you visit for material you seek.Sol fie of the very best books in any library are the reference books，which may not be taken home.Learn what topics they cover and how best to use them，for these books are wonderful repositories (储藏室、资料库)of human knowledge. K) Your library can give you help on any subject.It can even be your business and legal advisor.How many times have you scratched your head over how to get a tax rebate(折扣)on your summer job? You，11 find guides to that.Want to defend yourself in traffic coup? Find out how in legal books at the library. L) Library Projects Can Be Fun and Rewardin9.Here are a few ideas： 1.What are your roots? Trace your ancestors.Many libraries specialize in genealogy. 2.Did George Washington sleep nearby? Or Billy the Kid? Your library’s collection of local history books can put you on the trail. 3.Cook a Polynesian feast.Or an ancient Roman banquet.Read how in the library’s cook books. 4.Take up photography.Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy.Takeout books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it! M)If you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes.I'm particularly pleased that in recent years two beautiful libraries have been named after me：a small community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley.And I like libraries so much that I married a librarian. 46.The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog. 47.Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldn’t be overlooked. 48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong 49.The Reader，s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers. 50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read. 51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries. 52.A notebook will help readers to record the identification numbers of the frequently used books which can’t be taken home. 53.Readers should not try to return the book taken from the stacks to their desk to its proper place. 54.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves. 55.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves. 46.The nucleus of any public library is the card catalog.任何公共图书馆的核⼼都是卡⽚⽬录。

2014年6月英语四级阅读段落匹配题真题及答案The End of the Book?By John Steele GordonA). Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the count ry, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books i n its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-i nk format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in this country and are i ncreasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales i ncreased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.B). Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Cer tainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it do es mean is that the book business will go through a transf ormation in the next decade or so more profound than any i t has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveab le type in the 1450s.C). Physical books will surely become much rarer in th e marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been dec lining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as willhardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, "romance fiction," etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collect ions either private or public, will probably only be avail able as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade pap erbacks for "serious" nonfiction and fiction will surely l ast longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author t o reckon with that he or she is still published in hard co py.D). As for children's books, who knows? Children's boo ks are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the co nsumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently s trange.E). For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at so me examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.F). One technology replaces another only because the n ew technology is better, cheaper, or both. Thee greater th e differential, the sooner and more thoroughly the new tec hnology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on p aper reduced the cost of producing a book by orders of mag nitude compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure,a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and untold man-hours of scribe labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were p erhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 ther e were 10 million.G). But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to go extinct, handwriting lingered on well into the 16th century in the practice of "rubricating" books, or ha nd drawing elaborate initial letters (often in red ink, he nce the term). Very special books are still occasionally p roduced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.H). Sometimes a new technology doesn't drive the old o ne extinct, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live th eater out of the marketplace, but they didn't, because the ater turned out to have qualities movies could not reprodu ce. Equally, TV was supposed to drive movies extinct but, again, did not.I). Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater, such as vaudeville. (Ironically, TV gave vaud eville a brief revival in the 1950s in such shows as “The Ed Sullivan Show” and brought many of the old vaudeville stars—Sophie Tucker, Jimmy Durante, Ben Blue—out of re tirement.) And while TV didn't kill movies, it did kill B pictures, shorts, and, alas, cartoons.J). Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“J ack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”) all migrat ed to television. But because you can’t drive a car and w atch television at the same time, radio prime time became rush hour, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlar ged their audiences. Radio is today a very different busin ess than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.K). Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries bec ause of its symbolic power. Mounted cavalry replaced the c hariot on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots mai ntained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn't had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer's full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized "an officer and a gentle man."L). Sometimes new technology is a little cranky at fir st. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 19 50s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as aback up. Steam captured the North Atlantic passenger busin ess from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater spe ed. But steamships didn't lose their rigging and sails unt il the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty hab it of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, t hey needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s oc ean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20 th century.)M). Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was u biquitous in upper- and middle-class homes by the second h alf of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartm ent. I suspect the reason is a deeply ingrained, atavistic love of fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technolo gical advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic predi sposition towards fire as a central aspect of a human habi tation (just consider the phrase "hearth and home").N). Books—especially books the average person could a fford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evoluti onary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on m any people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly flip through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at lea st in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.O). For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some curr ently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Lik e fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. A nd, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup f or when the lights go out.46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.答案：D解析：对应D段末句。

英语四级阅读信息匹配精选训练及答案四级阅读信息匹配精选训练一：A One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of socialisolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized Icould be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, whenyou're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal atleast partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.D At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run upto people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute,in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."E Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become or are still becoming back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed ina friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend politelyif something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.Section B交友之道A数年前的一天晚上，我发现自己陷入了焦虑中。

四级匹配题真题及答案解析1. Passage A:Key ideas: advancements in technologyAnswer: BIn this passage, the key idea is the advancements in technology. The author talks about how technology has influenced various aspects of our lives, including communication, transportation, and entertainment. The passage highlights the convenience and efficiency that technology has brought to society. For example, the passage mentions how smartphones enable people to connect with each other instantly, how online shopping has made shopping easier, and how streaming services have revolutionized the way we consume media.2. Passage B:Key ideas: benefits of volunteeringAnswer: DPassage B discusses the benefits of volunteering. The author emphasizes how volunteering can have a positive impact on both the volunteers and the communities they serve. The passage mentions that volunteering not only helps individualsdevelop new skills and gain valuable experiences but also allows them to make a difference in the lives of others. Additionally, the passage states that volunteering can improve mental well-being and foster a sense of belonging in society.3. Passage C:Key ideas: environmental issues and responsibilityAnswer: APassage C focuses on environmental issues and our responsibility to address them. The author highlights the importance of taking action to protect the environment to ensure a sustainable future. The passage discusses various environmental problems, such as pollution, deforestation, and climate change. It emphasizes the role of individuals and governments in addressing these issues through initiatives like conservation efforts, renewable energy use, and sustainable practices.4. Passage D:Key ideas: challenges of globalizationAnswer: CPassage D explores the challenges brought about by globalization. The author discusses how globalization has influenced economies, cultures, and societies worldwide. Thepassage mentions issues like economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and loss of local traditions. It also discusses the impact of globalization on job markets and the need for individuals to adapt and acquire new skills in the face of rapid changes.Answer analysis:B: Advancements in technology - Passage A clearly discusses the advancements in technology and their effects on various aspects of our lives. The passage provides examples to support this idea.D: Benefits of volunteering - Passage B highlights the benefits of volunteering, such as personal development, making a difference in society, and improving mental well-being. The passage provides reasons and examples to support this idea.A: Environmental issues and responsibility - Passage C focuses on environmental issues, emphasizing theresponsibility individuals and governments have in addressing them. The passage discusses environmental problems and the need for sustainable practices.C: Challenges of globalization - Passage D explores the challenges brought about by globalization, including economic inequality, cultural homogenization, and the need for individuals to adapt to rapid changes. The passage discusses the negative aspects of globalization.In conclusion, the four passages and their key ideas have been analyzed, and the correct answers have been provided. The article aims to familiarize readers with the concept of matching questions and their answers, providing insights into various topics without delving into any political content.。

英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案 1There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案 2If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that before the earths resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen andcarbon. When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus. -1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____ a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere b.its atmosphere is the same as the earthsc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______. a.the algae have done their work -b.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案 3Like a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising. In 1991, 15% of Americans were obese(肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%. Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Waistbands have been popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has declined and diets have expanded. By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab(松弛).Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famine. But, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific islands, home of the world’s most obese communities. In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese.This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl(面颊). The mix can even occur within a single household. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat.The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak. In many affected countries there are cultural factorsto contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form. ofhospitality.Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem Could existin their countries. Add to that reluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting dietand exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction. Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.英语四级阅读模拟试题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The first sentence of the passage most probably implies that ______.A.many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroomB.more people are overweighed in the United StatesC.people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scalesD.youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities2.As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.A.other western countries has been defeated by fatB.obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich worldC.waistbands begin to be popular in other western countriesD.western countries can no longer fight against obesity3.Which is NOT the point of the example of the Pacific Islands?A.The poor community has shaken off poverty and people are well-fed now.B.Obesity is becoming a problem in the developing world too.C.Excessive weight increase will cause no less harm than the food shortage.D.The problem of overweight emerges very fast.4.Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can learn from the passage that____A.the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacityB.no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleakC.it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solvedD.we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable5.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.B.The weights increase fast throughout the whole world.C.Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world.D.Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.英语四级阅读参考答案1.[B] 推理判断题。

20XX年英语四级阅读匹配题模拟练习及答案四级阅读匹配题模拟练习：Definitions of ObesityA) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B) The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a persons height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the persons weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a persons physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to thesteroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to leadlifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH) Research published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a womans biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a womans biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ) Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.K) Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.Other ProblemsL) The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.M) This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.对应题目：1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.2. Using the "Body Mass Index"to define a persons weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.3. A persons emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added7.4 years to her biological age.7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.参考答案：1. A2. C3. D4. E5. F6. H7. I8. J9. K10. L。

英语四级阅读段落匹配模考试题及答案解析英语四级阅读段落匹配Jaguars Don't Live Here AnymoreA)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint" critical habitat" for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the world's third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes ( 玫瑰花色 ) on their fur--are a separate species from the smaller, tawny (黄褐色的) mountain lions, which still roam large areas of the American West in the United States and take the first steps toward mandating (批准) a jaguar recovery plan. This is a policy reversal and, on the surface, it may appear to be a victory for the conservation community and for jaguars, the largest wild cats in the Western Hemisphere.B) But as someone who has studied jaguars for nearly three decades, I can tell you it is nothing less than a slap in the face to good science. What's more, by changing the rules for animal preservation, it stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act.C)The debate on what to do about jaguars started in 1997, when, at the urging of many biologists ( including me), the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list, because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States-Mexico border. At the same time, however, the agency ruled that it would not be "prudent" (谨慎的 ) to declare that the jaguar has critical .habitat--a geographic area containing features the species needs to survive--in the United States. Determining an endangered species' critical habitat is a first step toward developing a plan for helping that species recover.D)The 1997 decision not to determine critical habitat for the jaguar was the right one, because even though they cross the border from time to time, jaguars don't occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.E)In prehistoric times, these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States, but in the past 100 years, there have been few, if any, resident breeding populations here. The last time a female jaguar with a cub ( 幼兽 ) was sighted in this country was in the early 1900s.F)Two well-intentioned conservation advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Defenders of Wildlife, sued the Fish and Wildlife Service to change its ruling. Thus in 2006, the agency reassessed the situation and again determined that no areas in the United States met the definition of critical habitat for the jaguar. Despite occasional sightings, mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border, there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.G ) After this second ruling was made, an Arizona rancher ( 牧场主 ), with support from the state Game and Fish Department, set infrared-camera (红外摄像机 ) traps togather more data, and essentially confirmed the Fish and Wildlife Service's findings. The cameras did capture transient jaguars, including one male jaguar, nick named Macho, B, who roamed the Arizona borderlands for more than a decade. But Macho B, now dead, might have been the sole resident American jaguar, and his extensive travels indicated he was not having an easy time surviving in this dry, rugged region.H) Despite the continued evidence, the two conservation advocacy groups continued to sue the government. Apparently,they want jaguars to repopulate the United State seven if jaguars don't wan! to. Last March, a federal district judge in Arizona ordered the Fish and Wildlife Service to revisit its 2006 determination on critical habitat.I)The facts haven't changed: there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar. But, having asserted this twice already, the service, nowunder a new president, has bent to the tiresome litigation (诉讼). On Jan. 12, Fish and Wildlife officials, claimed to have evaluated new scientific information that had become available after the July 2006 ruling. They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.J)This means that Fish and Wildlife must now also formulate a recovery plan for the jaguar. And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century, the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back--especially if the cats have to be reintroduced.K)So why not do everything we can, at whatever cost, to bring jaguars back into the United States? To begin with, the American Southwest is, at best, marginal habitat for the animals. More important, there are better ways to help jaguars. South of our border, from Mexico to Argentina, thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat. Governments and conservation groups (including the one I head) are already working hard to conserve jaguar populations and connect them to one another through an initiative called the Jaguar Corridor.L).The jaguars that now and then cross into the United States most likely come from the northernmost population of jaguars, in Sonora, Mexico. Rather than demand jaguars return to ourcountry, we should help Mexico and other jaguar-range countries conserve the animals' true habitat itM )The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars. It also stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act, because if critical habitat is redefined as any place where a species might ever have existed, and where you or I might want it to exist again, then the door is open for many other sense less efforts to bring back long-lost creatures.N)The Fish and Wildlife officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone--stick with their original, correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work. Otherwise, when funds are needed to preserve all those small, ugly, non-charismatic endangered species at the back of the line, there may be no money left.1. It is still a fact that there is no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States.2. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service should be more determined and saving for the conservation work.3. Jaguars were regarded as endangered species because of their rare appearance at the United States-Mexico border.4. Money was not spent effectively in helping save jaguars in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service.5. It can be inferred that the United States is not the best choice for jaguars to live from the evidence that they don't settle anywhere here.6. South of the United States' border, from Mexico to Argentina, is the true critical habitat for jaguars.7. The number of jaguars breeding populations in significant areas of the western United States has deceased in the past century.8. It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds in order to help jaguars to reestablish.9. It didn't indicate that jaguars had settled down in the United States even though they were seen within 40 miles of the Mexican border at times.10. Fish and Wildlife officials were sure enough to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.答案解析：1.I)。

Finding the Right Home—and Contentment, Too[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear.[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.[D]The most recent of these studies, published in The journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.[G]But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as wellin a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there.[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for families.”[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has muc h to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.答案下一页不要先看四级真题阅读参考参考答案：36. 正确选项 E37. 正确选项L38. 正确选项 B39. 正确选项H40. 正确选项N41. 正确选项J42. 正确选项 F43. 正确选项 C44. 正确选项I45. 正确选项G。