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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern heroⅠ.阅读理解导学号 01830192Guide Dogs of America, A History is the book that we have allbeen waiting for. It's a book that tells how and where the guidedog movement really started, with information never beforerevealed—until now. After reading this 200page, picturefilledwork, you will know about every aspect of Guide Dogs of America(GDA) from its beginning to how it has become one of the top guidedog schools in the country.Joseph W. Jones, Sr. was refused a guide dog because of his age—he wasfiftyseven—but he would not accept defeat. He researched the guide dog movement and with the help of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, established his own school, one that would provide guide dogs free of charge to visually impaired people regardless of their age.The school graduated 18 guide dog teams the first year with students staying at, GDA's first trainer, Lambert Kreimer's house on South Virginia Avenue in Burbank, and Jones manning the office on Lankershim Boulevard in North Hollywood.In 1952, Jones addressed the quadrennial(四周年纪念的) IAM Grand Lodge Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. “I sincerely prayed to God for two things，” Jones said. “After my wife passed away and left me with a tenyearold boy, I prayed that I would be spared long enough to see this organization well established and that my tenyearold boy would become a man. Both prayers have been answered. The organization is well established, it is in the hands of the IAM and my boy is a man, and I am proud to say that today he is a member of the IAM.”Jones' prayer for a successful organization had been answered and now, ten years after he was rejected for being too old, his dream of having a guide dog partner would be realized. By the time he took a guide dog for himself, hundreds of others had already been given the gift of sight because of his drive and determination. That school, now known as Guide Dogs of America, has provided guide dogs to thousands of people free of charge.文章大意：在美国，有位名叫Joseph W．Jones，Sr.的老人，由于年龄过大，他没有实现得到一个导盲犬的愿望，但他不甘心，自己创办了一所专门培训导盲犬的学校，免费提供导盲犬给需要帮助的人。
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)【四川省资阳市2016届高三上学期第二次诊断】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was a kid, my mom liked to make breakfast food for dinner every now and then. And I remember one night 1 when she had made dinner after a long, hard day at 2 .On that evening so long ago, my mom 3 a plate of eggs, sausage and extremely burned toast in front of my dad. I remember 4 to see if anyone noticed! 5 all my dad did was reach for his toast, 6 at my mom and ask me how my day was at school…I don’t remember what I told him that night, but I do remember 7 him spread butter and jelly on that toast and eat every bite!When I got up from the table that evening, I remember hearing my mom 8 to my dad for burning the toast. And I’II never 9 what he said: “Honey, I love 10 toast.”Later that night, I went to kiss Daddy good night and I asked him if he really 11 his toast burned. He 12 me in his arms and said, “Your Momma put in a hard day at work today and she’s really 13 . And besides, a burned toast never 14 anyone!”15 is full o f imperfect things... and imperfect people. I’m not the best at anything, and I forget 16 and anniversaries just like everyone else. But what I’ve 17 over the years is that learning to accept each other’s 18 – and 19 to celebrate each other’s differences – is one of the most important keys to creatinga healthy, growing, and 20 relationship where a burned toast isn’t a deal-breaker!1. A. in particular B. in fact C. after all D. in all2. A. kitchen B. home C. work D. school3. A. cooked B. placed C. broke D. ate4. A. waiting B. hoping C. turning D. hesitating5. A. And B. Thus C. Yet D. Instead6. A. stare B. smile C. laugh D. shout7. A. cheering B. admiring C. studying D. watching8. A. shout B. explain C. talk D. apologize9. A. believe B. doubt C. forget D. understand10. A. broken B. buttered C. burned D. baked11. A. cared B. liked C. knew D. minded12. A. turned B. wrapped C. beat D. left13. A. angry B. hungry C. depressed D. tired14. A. poisons B. hurts C. upsets D. chokes15. A. Society B. School C. Family D. Life16. A. meetings B. birthdays C. holidays D. games17. A. remembered B. expressed C. argued D. learned18. A. concerns B. advice C. faults D. misunderstanding19. A. choosing B. agreeing C. offering D. helping20. A. lasting B. changing C. important D. familiar【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B7.D8.D9.C10.C11.B12.B13.D14.B15.D16.B17.D18.C19.A20.A考点：考查故事类短文阅读。
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern heroⅠ.单词—在语境中默写，在联想中积累1.quality质；性质2.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3.principle n. 法则；原则；原理4.guidance n. 指导；领导5.vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决6.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击7.escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开8.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动9.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．献身；奉献；忠诚10.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地；安宁地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦11.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal (反义词)非法的；违法的12.violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地；厉害地；强烈地13.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地cate vt.教育；训练→educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家15.self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.1.People who are welleducated will berespected by everyone, soeducation is of greatsignificance tous.(educate)2.It is unfair that hegets very little rewardfor his rewardingwork.(reward)3.You should take anactive part in all theactivities in yourschool.(active)4.Everyone likes to livein peace,_but it seemsthat the world is alwaysnot peaceful.(peace)5.The old teacher devotedall his life to educatinghis devoted students andhe was admired for hisdevotion to his educationcause.(devote)6.All men are bornequal,_so everyone hopesto be treated equallybecause equality is thebasic demand.(equal)7.He criticizedviolently that the全扫描①generous 慷慨的②mean 吝啬的③devoted 忠实的④easygoing 随和的⑤warmhearted 热心肠的⑥active积极的；活跃的⑦energetic 有活力的⑧enthusiastic 充满热情的2.后缀ance高频名词全接触①guidance指导；领导②importance 重要；重要性③ignorance 无知；愚昧④significance 意义；重要性⑤appearance 出现⑥tolerance 宽容；容忍3.“n.＋ful→adj.”荟萃①peace→peaceful 和平的②pain→painful 痛苦的③harm→harmful 有害的④power→powerful 强大的⑤meaning→meaningful 有意义的⑥cheer→cheerful 欢乐的4.“教育”相关词汇一览①educate vt. 教育；训练②train vt. 训练③instruct vt. 指导自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地16.reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的government did little tostop the violence in thecountry.(violent)8.We know from the dailylegal report that theformer president hadsomething to do with theillegal organization andwas put to prison.(legal)④drill vi. 训练⑤bring up 培养Ⅱ.短语—在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多1.out_of_work 失业2.as_a_matter_of_fact事实上3.blow_up 使充气；爆炸4.in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5.turn_to 求助于；致力于6.lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心e_to_power 当权；上台8.set_up 设立；建立9.be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)10.be_willing_to_do 愿意做某事11.be_in_prison 蹲监狱12.in_one’s_opinion/view 在某人看来选用左栏短语填空1.Mandela was_sentenced_tofive years’ hard labour forencouraging violence againstthe government.2.He set_up his own businessafter he graduated fromuniversity.3.(2015·广东高考写作)According to the abovepassage, we know when Sallyfound there were so manyproblems among her newstudents, she didn’tlose_heart.4.With nobody to turn_to,_shefound herself in a desperatesituation then.集锦①out of work失业②out of control 失控③out of mind 心不在焉④ou t of order 有毛病；出故障⑤out of date 过时⑥out of place 不适当2.“in＋n.”短语面面观①in trouble 在困境中②in danger 处于危险中③in return 作为回报④in detail 详细地⑤in order 井然有序⑥in place 在适当的位置⑦in vain 徒劳地⑧in conclusion 总之Ⅲ.句式—在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通have seen the greatestnumber of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero任务型阅读任务型阅读阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入一个恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Passage 1It all began with...Orlando Bloom was not a “good” student at school.Because of dyslexia,a reading and writing disorder（障碍），he struggled in many courses.But Bloom says the dyslexia gave him the encouragement to overcome（克服）his difficulties.In an interview with the Telegraph,the 32-year-old said the condition turned him into an ambitious person.“Because of the dyslexia,I always thought I had to work twice as hard as everyone else just to go the same distance,” he said.“That gave me a real kick as a kid and a lot of encouragement later on.In one sense,I guess that I’m grateful （感激的）.”Bloom is always preparing it thoroughly（充分地） when it comes to an audition （试镜）for a part.Perhaps this is what won him his role in The Lord of the Rings，a highly successful film trilogy （三部曲）.“I really prepared it thoroughly for the audition and it’s paid off,” he said.It was the beginning of a fame that led to even greater success as a movie actor.But unlike some young people who aim for fame and fortune,Bloom believed an acting career has been fulfilling （实现） his childhood fantasies.“Aged 9，I had this girlfriend and we used to have running races in the park to see who would be her boyfriend for the day.I wanted to be like Superman and fly in and rescue her.Once I realized Superman was an actor,I thought,‘That’s for me.’”Bloom has always played special characters,like a knight (骑士) and a prince.It’s difficult to picture him in everyman roles.In October 2009,Bloom was named Goodwill Ambassador （亲善大使） for United NationsInternational Children’s Emergency Fund（UNICEF).His first task would be to film a documentary about the importance of clean water supplies.In fact,Bloom started work for the UNICEF in 2007.On his first visit to Nepal,he was asked by students to take a small part in a play they were performing on local radio.答案：1.rescue/save2.actor3.Because4.struggled5.encouraged6.helped7.prepared8.whatd 10.filmPassage 2 （2013·江苏高考）Quiet Virtue:The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual,careful in doing work,self-disciplined,and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities —are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen,the people who keep things running as they should.They follow the rules,help out,and are concerned about the people they work with.It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence,who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves,who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of job performance,outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs,from semi-skilled labor to sales and management,depends on conscientiousness.It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect,the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer,those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market,because employees with this quality are among the most valued.For the sales representatives,their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are.Their reputation for dependability influences managers’evaluations of their work,giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves,they can hold other people to their own standards,and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior.Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious,for example,tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized,which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations,it can discourage creativity.In creative professions like art or advertising,openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand.Success in such occupations calls for a balance,however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through,people become mere dreamers,with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.答案：71.strict 72.helpful/good 73.Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance74.running/working/going/operating/functioning 75.performance(s)76.fired/dismissed/jobless 77.problems/troubles78.higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced79.tense/damaged/poor/bad 80.discourage/affect/damagePassage 3 （2013·安徽高考）Aristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”.In other words,whether you’re seeking life-long satisfaction or a few moments of good cheer,you’ve got to move forward.We’ve interviewed the experts and found five steps to take toward a sunny mood （心情）：Over a 30-year period,University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 120,000 people how income,education,political participation,volunteer activities and close relationships affected their happiness.Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings,“The highest levels of happiness are found with the most stable and satisfying relationships.”Singing aloud,talking to a stranger,raising your hand:all may increase a feeling of happiness,according to a study from Wake Forest University.Participants （参与者） followed the development of their moods for two weeks and reported feeling happier when they were more outgoing and less happy when reserved or withdrawn. The editors of gave ＄5 or ＄20 to 46 strangers by chance.Half the group was told to spend the money on themselves,while the other half was told to spend it on others.Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves.There was no difference in happiness between those who spent ＄5 or ＄20,suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend,but how you spend it,that inspires the spirit.Studies from the Positive Psychology Center showed that discouraged people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an improved attitude.Drinking water really can help keep you cheerful.A small 2012 study from the University of Connecticut suggested that even slight dehydration （脱水） affected the moods of its female participants.答案：76.Look(ing)/Search(ing)/Seek(ing) 77.forward/ahead/on78.experts/researchers79.steps/ways 80.greatest 81.Express 82.sharing 83.Focus/Concentrate84.feeling/mood/sense 85.these/those。
手惰市安逸阳光实验学校Unit 5 Nelson Mandela －a modern heroⅠ.阅读理解A(2017·郑州第一次质量预测)Years ago, my wife and I volunteered at a homeless shelter in downtown Los Angeles, the US, preparing meals for thousands of people. I got to talk with one of the guys in line, Albert. He said he liked my socks. “Want to see mine？” he asked, lifting his leg. He was barefoot. He said he had been meaning to buy a pair but he hadn't got around to it.I felt a sinking feeling in my stomach.The next day, after work, I stopped at Ross and filled up a cart with socks. I stuffed my trunk with them. That next morning, I set my alarm for 5 a. m. and drove over to Santa Monica's Palisades Park, which is a common destination for homeless people.I took one of the bags from my trunk. It was still dark out. I headed for a group of three men, standing around a tree, probably using it as a windbreaker. Two were asleep under heavy blankets, and the third was digging through his collection. As I walked toward him, he watched me, perhaps questioning my motives. “I thought you guys might need some fresh new socks，” I said, handing him a pair. He looked confused at first but took them and said, “Thank you.” I gave him two more pairs for his friends.I moved on. An hour later, I had given out all the socks. Most people were sleeping, and I felt like Santa. I knew that when they woke up they would find a very meaningful present.That was nine years ago. Every week I'll hand out as many socks as I can. If I'm on vacation or on a business trip for more than a week, I will bring a bag of socks with me and hand them out to the homeless on the streets in other sattes and countries.It's extremely satisfying to operate “under the radar” to help make some people's lives a little bit easier. Part of me hopes to see Albert out there one of these days, but even if I don't, I like to think one of the pairs will find him.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者做慈善的故事。
2014届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 5 Nelson Mandela--a modern hero语法知能精解定语从句（Ⅱ）1.“介词＋关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构（1）“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in，on，about，from，for，with，to，at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which，不可用 that。
（2）from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。
We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the whole town.我们站在山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个城镇。
（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.这是她照顾的那个男孩。
2.关系副词引导的定语从句（1）关系副词也可以引导定语从句。
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。
关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。
（2）that可引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因。
that有时可以代替关系副词 when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that 也可以省去。
3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（1）二者差异比较限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以用that 来引导。
非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
（2）关系代词和关系副词的选择依据弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
（3）先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。
He was the only person in this country who was invited.他是这个国家唯一被邀请的人。
4.as在定语从句中的用法（1）引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句①as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
②as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。
The elephant’s nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.像每个人看到的那样，大象的鼻子像条蛇。
③the same...that与 the same...as在意思上是不同的。
（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置。
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
As is expected，the England team won the football match.正如所期望的那样，英国队赢了足球比赛。
The earth runs around the sun，as is known by everyone.正如每个人所熟知的那样，地球围绕太阳转。
【十年高考链接】（1）(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ高考)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which答案：C 题干的意思是：“我到达后，布赖恩带我去看了我要住的房子。
”分析题干可知后文为限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词house在定语从句中作地点状语，因此应选择关系副词where。
解答该类题目的关键在于分析关系词代替先行词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。
（2）(2013·北京高考)Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where答案：D 题干的意思是：眼下，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。
分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为 national parks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。
关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。
解答这类题目首先要找准先行词，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。
（3）(2013·四川高考) Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where答案：D 题干的意思是：现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。
分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以Ｄ项符合题意。
而what不能引导定语从句；which可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作主语或宾语； when也可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作时间状语。
（4）(2013·江西高考) He wrote a letter he explained what had happenedin the accident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how答案：C 句意为“他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情”。
定语从句中有主语和宾语，先行词在从句中作地点状语，where相当于in which。
（5）(2013·浙江高考) The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition anda viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why答案：B 题干的意思是：“博物馆将在春季开放，届时将有一个展览，还有一个观光平台，在这里参观者可以看到许多在建的大玻璃暖房。
”分析句子结构可知， visitorscan watch the big glasshouses being built 为定语从句，a viewing platform为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导，所以正确答案为B项。
（6）（2013·陕西高考） is often the case with children,Amy was betterby the time the doctor arrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As答案：D 题干的意思是：“正如其他孩子的情况一样，医生到达时，埃米好多了。
”该句中as引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替后面整个主句的内容。
该题容易误选it，如果选it，题干就是两句话，而中间没有连词且用了逗号，所以it不可选。
（7）(2013·江苏高考) The president of the World Bank says he has a passion forChina,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when答案：B 句意：“世界银行行长说，他热爱中国，这种热爱他记得早在童年时就开始了。
”通过分析句子结构可知，The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China 为主句，通过还原法可知定语从句是he remembers his passion for China starting as early as his childhood,从句中his passion starting为动名词复合结构。
his passion 用which替代。
when和where虽然可以引导定语从句，但是它们在定语从句中是分别用来作时间状语和地点状语的，不能指代passion；what不能用来引导定语从句，故排除。
（8）（2012·浙江高考）We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.whyB.whenC.to whomD.on which答案：B 题干的意思是：“在我们生活的这个时代，有更多的信息可以比以往任何时候都更加容易获得。
”该句为主从复合句，an age为先行词，空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
（9）（2012·重庆高考）Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where答案：D 题干的意思是：“导购员是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。
”分析句子结构可知a position后是一个定语从句，而该从句的引导词在从句中作地点状语，即in which=in the position=where，故选D。
在定语从句中，当position,point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句。
（10）(2011·上海高考)You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as答案：A 本题考查定语从句引导词的用法。
句意：你会发现出租车等候在公共汽车站，你可以搭乘出租车到达你寄宿的家庭。
分析定语从句可知缺少宾语，故只能选择连接代词which,故答案为A。
（11）(2011·安徽高考) Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while答案：C 本题考查非限制性定语从句。
