have的四种使役用法
使役动词have在中学英语课本中常有所见。归纳起来有四种基本句型：
一、“have＋人或物＋过去分词”
此结构常表示“让人做某事”。这时，山过去分词充任的宾语补足语动词不是由使役动词的主语来完成；宾语和宾语补足语之间是被动关系。例如：
I have my hair cut once a week．
She intended to have her daughter educated in China．
她打算让她女儿到中国来念书(受教育)。
另外，这种结构中的have有时也表示“受……影响”、“蒙受……”及“遭遇到某事”的意思。
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the
noise of the machines．
He had his leg injured trying to save a child．
在救一个小孩时，他的腿受了伤。
He has had his hand burned．他把手烫了。
She had her watch stolen．她的表给人偷了。
二、“have＋宾语＋现在分词”，此结构表示“让(使)某人做某事”、“让(使)某物处于某种状态”，用于否定结构则表示“不能让”、“不允许”的意思，宾语补足语的动作是宾语发出，它们是主动关系。例如：
The two men had their lights burning all night long．
They tried to have her talking．But no use．
Don“t have the horse running so fast；it“s dangerous．
We can“t have that sort of thing happening．
我们不能允许发生这样的事。
I will not have you talking to Mother like that．
我不能让你和妈妈这样说话。
三、“have＋人＋不带to的不定式”，此结构意为“让(请)某人干某事”。这个结构中，宾语补足语和宾语之间是主动关系。例如：
The teacher had sonle students stay in the classroom after
school．放学后老师让一些学生仍留在教室。
The soldiers had him stand with his back to his father．
四、“have＋宾语＋副词(介词短语)”，此结构意为“使某人到某处”、“使某物处于某位置(或状态) ”。例如：
Mary had them to her house．玛丽请他们到她家。
We are having the Turners in for dinner tonight．
今晚我们请特纳一家来吃饭。
You had a finger in this matter．你插手了这件事。
You“d better have that tooth out．这颗牙你最佳拔掉。
Have your tickets ready，please．请把票准备好。
Exercise：
请将下列各句中括号内的动词用合适形式填入空白处，并译成汉语。
1．When did you fast have your hair _______ (cut) ? ( )
2．Have the boys ________ (take) the chair out．( )
3．Have the chairs ________ (take) out．( )
4．Why does he have all the machines _______ (run) ? ( )
5．Whatdoyouhavethem________ (guess)？( )
6．There is something wrong with the telephone．I have it ________ (repair)．( )Key：
1．cut (p．p．)你上次理发是什么时候？
2．take叫那些男孩子把椅子弄出去。
3．taken把这些椅子弄出去。
4．minting你为什么让所有的机器都开动着？
5．guessing你在让他们猜什么？
6．repmred这电话出毛病了，我要把它送去修了修。
