高中英语短文改错解题技巧
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高中英语短文改错解题技巧
短文改错技巧
“短文改错”题是各类考试中的一个重要题型。尽管该题难度不大,但仍有一些同学在做此类题目时不得要领,因而得分甚少。本文结合高考试题(出处被略去),对“短文改错”题中的常见错误加以分析,从中找出命题者设置错误的规律并介绍一些解题技巧。
一、“短文改错”题中的常见错误类型
(一)名词方面的错误
名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用,可数名词与不可数名词的错误,名词所有格中“’s”的误置等。例如:
1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more
beautiful.
3. ... you’ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used
to the local ways of life.
4. ... but she marked strictly on student’s actual performance ...
(二)动词方面的错误 动词毛病在短文改错中所占比重最大,它所触及的毛病包括动词的时态、语态毛病;易混动词的用法毛病;动词的第三人称单数毛病;动词的非谓语形式,和动词的句型搭配毛病等。在改错题中,动词方面的考察比例较大。例如:
1. The air keeps the balloon up was XXX ...
2. I just want to thank you for XXX.
3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.
4. I’XXX.
(三)描述词、副词方面的毛病
这类毛病多指误用描述词润饰描述词,误用副词润饰名词,误用描述词润饰动词,误用描述词或副词的原级、比力级和最高级和误用带-ly的副词与不带-ly的副词等,特别留意按照高低文该用比力级而未用的“暗中比力”。例如:
1. XXX.
2.... you XXX ...
3. ... they fly down immediate and catch them without delay.
4. Yes,it is clearly that your life in your country is quite
different from ...
5. I know you XXX.
6. Last year, XXX. 时刻保持巅峰状态,力争做第一。-1-
(四)连词方面的毛病
短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确,是否符合句子意思;连接的是词还是句子,是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and,or,but,XXX,…not…but…,either…or…,neither …nor…, as
well as等,though不与but连用,because不与so连用等。
1. It XXX. So it was still too close to the water.
2. I XXX very active but made new friends.
3. XXX is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite.
4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down
XXX.
5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.
(五)代词方面的错误
这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用,关系代词、连接代词的误用,代词主格与代词宾格的误用,代词单数与代词复数的误用,各个不定代词之间的误用,反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用,代词的指代错误,定语从句中多用代词等。 1. ... the men threw away most of his XXX.
2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait
patiently above the sea for quite along ...
3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that
he used to as a child,they will gohungry.
4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a
pleasant, uninterrupted ...
5. I just XXX ...
6.... your life in your country is quite different from me.
7. XXX, that is very exciting.
(六)介词方面的毛病
这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等。例如:
1. The crowd waiting for to XXX surprised ...
2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard.
3. After autumn arrives,the city looks as an old man with
leaves ...
4. ... XXX to pay his food, his clothes ...
5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the
street. 6. Could you share your experience for us?
7. XXX and had her own problems to take care.
时辰保持巅峰状态,力图做第一。-2-
(七)冠词方面的错误
这类错误多指a(n)与XXX的误用,a与an的误用。有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词,不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如:
1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea
between XXX
XXX.
2.... XXX is at same time the one who should be strict with ...
3. And if he breaks the law of society ..., he may go to the
prison.
4.... so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and
have a fun.
(八)时态、语态方面的毛病
这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时,应注意把握文中动词时态的呼应规律,注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B
hotel before.
2. Today,I got a letter that said I had been XXX.
3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read:“We’re
having dinner ...”
4.... sometimes all that is need is XXX.
5. I’ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when
you arrived.
(九)主谓同等方面的毛病
这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时,要注意谓语动词的形式要和句子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
1.“I just want to know what the sign say.”
2. Anyone XXX.
3. Here are the information about XXX.
4. What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...
(十)短语、句型牢固搭配毛病
首要考察介词与动词、名词、描述词的牢固搭配;副词、动词的牢固搭配;及物动词后多介词或副词和不及物动词后少介词,英语中的一些牢固句型与惯搭配等。 1. XXX.keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“写日记”.
2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.To
one’s surprise是牢固搭配
3.I thought that was dull to watch a game…此题考查it的功能,It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。
二、解题本领
要想做好“短文改错”题,不妨试试分成“四步走”,遵循“四原则”,实施“四查法”。具体做法如下:
时刻保持巅峰状态,力争做第一。-3-
(一)分成“四步走”
1.通读全文,了解大意。注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。不能在不了解文章大意的情况下,逐字逐行地进行修改。
2.先易后难,减少范围。在通读全文的进程中,能够先把文中明显的毛病找出来矫正,然后再按照具体语境,仔细阐发判别,将留意力会合在较难的句子上。
3.掌控句意,逐行判别。可根据“动词形,名词数,留意形和副;非谓动词细辨别,惯用法要记住;句子结构多阐发,逻辑毛病须关注”的口诀行事。 4.再次通读,复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后,如果还有拿不准的地方,就应再次通读全文,并利用语感来做最后的判断。
纵观近几年的“短文改错”题,精确的中央只要一处;多词和缺词的中央约有3处;用错词的中央一般有6个,且多为动词。这类比例或许也能匡助你做出末了判别。
(二)遵循“四准绳”
1.改动处以最少为准绳。“短文改错”题请求每行只能改动一处,改动的办法能够是增词、删词或换词,但无论作何种改动,只能是增长一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。固然,没有毛病的行无需改动。也就是说,每行改动的中央不克不及跨越一个。
2.实词以改变词形为原则。在“短文改错”题中,一般只是改变实词的形式,而不能改变实词的词义,也不能将其改换成另一个实词,更不能随便增删。例如:
①The air keeps the balloon up was XXX ... (把XXX改为keeping)
②Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite
different from ... (把clearly改成clear)