pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总

核心动词：1.想，认为think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe, maitain,2深思熟虑，仔细考虑ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect3.培养cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish4.加强，巩固strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce,5.显示，表明manifest,display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicat e,illustrate,reflect6.确认，证实verify, confirm, establish,affirm7.断言，宣称declare,claim,allege,assert,state8.支持，维护,拥护support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion9.反对oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to10.解决(问题，麻烦)solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle 11.导致，引发，引起give rise to,trigger,spark,lead to,bring about,result in,12.建议，提议suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward,13.阻止，阻碍,限制prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit14.影响have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway 15.增长，发展，提高increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,r aise,facilitate,boost,promote16.下降，减少decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump17.实现，完成fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain18.提供，给予supply,provide,perform…for,offer,yield19.占。

【干货词汇】30个剑桥雅思同义词替换汇总1.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pickup=widen=intensify=build up增加2.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.3.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what youare doing分心的事物n.4.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.5.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.6.identity=someone’s identity is their name or who they are 身份n.7.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.8.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.9.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.10.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.11.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other,work together etc. 互动v.12.construct=build=make=found 建造v.13.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.14.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.15.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.16.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.munity=organization=group=body团体n.18.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.19.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.20.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.21.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.22.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.23.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾24.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certainof保证，确保v.25.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.26.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.27.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.28.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.29.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.30.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.31.Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced, befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced 认为32.Protect,conserve,preserve 保护33.33确保：Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge34.有害的：Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental35.要求：Request,demand,needs,requisition36.消除：Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway37.导致：Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce, generate38.保持稳定：Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout39.宣称：Allege,assert,declare,claim。

pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总标题：pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总引言概述：雅思考试对于很多考生来说是一个具有挑战性的考试，其中阅读部分更是让很多人头疼。

剑桥雅思系列教材是备考雅思的重要参考资料，而其中的同义词替换是阅读部分的重要技巧之一。

本文将对pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》中的同义词替换进行汇总，以帮助考生更好地备考。

正文内容：1. 同义词替换在雅思阅读中的重要性1.1 提高阅读理解能力同义词替换在雅思阅读中经常出现，通过学习同义词替换，考生可以提高对文章的理解能力，更好地把握文章的主旨和细节。

1.2 增加阅读速度掌握同义词替换可以帮助考生更快地理解文章的意思，提高阅读速度，从而在有限的时间内更好地完成阅读任务。

1.3 提高词汇积累学习同义词替换不仅可以帮助考生理解文章，还可以丰富词汇积累，提高词汇水平。

2. 同义词替换的常见形式2.1 同义词替换在文章中，同一个概念可能会用不同的词语来表达，考生需要通过学习同义词替换来识别这些词语，例如，"important"可以替换为"significant"。

2.2 反义词替换有时候，文章中会使用反义词来替换原文中的词语，考生需要通过对文章的整体理解来判断这种替换，例如，"increase"可以替换为"decrease"。

2.3 同义短语替换除了单个词语的替换，同义词短语的替换也是考生需要注意的，例如，"take into account"可以替换为"consider"。

3. pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》中的同义词替换汇总3.1 替换词汇表在备考过程中，考生可以整理一份替换词汇表，将《剑桥雅思1-16》中的同义词替换整理出来，以便查阅和记忆。

3.2 阅读练习通过阅读《剑桥雅思1-16》中的文章，考生可以将同义词替换技巧应用到实际阅读中，提高对文章的理解能力。

雅思写作常用近义同义词替换表1.. A band of= a herd of=a flock of ―群2. A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of=a set of ―系列3.Accelerate=speed up 力口速4.Accomplishment=achievemen成就完成Accomplish=achieve V )完成，达成，成就5.Attend=participate in 参加6.Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得7.Adapt to=integrate into 使适应、融为一体8.Aim(.n)=objective=goal 目的9.Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize。

门集中、强调10.A ttempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作11.A pproximately=roughly=about=some=around大约12.A ppreciation=interest 欣赏13.A s a result=consequently=as a consequence=henc因此、从而14.A s well as=and和As well=too 也15.A ssociate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联16.A ttach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上17.A t will=at randoms by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地18.A utomatically ensure=guarantee确保19.B e similar to=closely resembled =have something in common相似20.B e used to=be devoted to 专门用于21.B e equivalent to=be equal to 等同于22.B e taken aback=be surprised 吃惊23.B riskly =rapidly=swiftly 快速地24.C alculate=measure 衡量25.C atch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐26.C hief=major=dominant=principle主要的27.C hronic=long term 慢性病的28.C omplain=illness 病症29.C oncern n. =focus 关心的问题30.C oncern v. =about 与……有关31.C oncept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解32.Condition=regulate 调节33.C onfront=encounter=in the face of面临34.C oncern = care 关心35.C onsist of=comprise 由什么组成36.C oncur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人37.C ontaminate=pollute=poison 污染38.C ontend=assert=cliam 断言39.C ontribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible fo导致40.Cooperate with=work with 与……协作41.Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为42.Crop up=crop out=come up 出现43.Degenerated=underdeveloped 退化44.Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散45.Deadly=fatal 致命的46.Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少47.Distort reality=far from reality=dishonestF真实的48.Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处49.Distinct=distinguish=different=uniqu环同的50.D istinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind 亦同的51.D istinguish=tell 辨别52.D ue to=because of 由于53.D rawback=defect=ill 缺点54.E at=feed 喂食，进食55.E ndanger=threaten 威胁56.E ngage in=participate in=join in 参与57.E stablish=set up 建立58.E stablish=find out=figure out=work out查明59.E volvement=development=progress发展、发育60. Emphasize=stress 调（v）61.E mbark upon=start=launch 开始62.E nlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识63.E ntire=whole 全部64.E xceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）65.F ail to do=failure to do=can not to c不能够做66.F ar from=not at all 根本不67.F ault=flaw=defect 错误68.F orm=shape=mould 形成69..Foundation=basis 基石出70.Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助(金钱)71.F ree=release=set free 释放72.Frequently=often 经常73.G reat milestone=impact=effect=influence对…具有很重要的影响力74.G rant=give 授予75.G as=petrol 石油76.H old=harbor=embrace 拥有77.H alt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞78.H urdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍79.I dentical=the same 一模一样80.I mitate=impersonate 模仿81.I ncline to do=tend to do 倾向于做某事82.I ndicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明83.I dentify=recognize 鉴另U84.I n reaction to=respond to 对……起反应85.I nterpret=illustrate 解释86.I ntroduce to=import to 引入87.K ey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in 重要的，关键的88.K ey (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法89.L ikelihood=possibility 可能性90.L ink-up=connection 联系91.M aster=grasp 掌握92.M atch sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来93.M isconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解94.M odify=change=alter 修改、改变95.M anifestation=demonstration 显示、表明96.N ature=character=characteristics本质、特点97.N on-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的98.N ovel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的99.N umerous= a number of 许多100.Owing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……101.Pattern=format 形式，模式102.Pattern=design 图案103.Pore over=study 研究104.Poisonous=toxic 有毒的105.Portray=describe 描写塑造＞.)106.Portrait=description 描写塑造n.)107.Preserve=store 储存108.Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的109.Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代110.Prodigious effort=enormous effort 重大的努力111.Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result= breed=spawn激发、产生112.Provide=offer 提供113.Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A 不受B 的侵害114.Questionnaire=survey 问卷调查115.Readily=easily=accessible 容易地116.Reflect=consider 考虑117.Relate to=understand=appreciate理解118.Rely on=depend on 依靠……119.Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）120.Replace=takethe placeof 取代121.Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins 剩余物、废墟122.Resemble=like=as 像123.Show=reflect 表现124.Significance=importance 重要性125.State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形126.Striking=noticeable 值得注意地127.Strugglefor=strivefor 努力地争取128.Substantia=l considerable 想当可观的129.Success=achievement=greatoutcome=greatprogress=huge development 成功、成就130.Surprising=unexpectedlyuncommon 令人吃惊的131.Taketo=be used to=get used to 对……习惯132.Tale=story=fairytale 故事133.Talent=gift 天赋134.Tuition=formalteaching 正式的学校教育135.Turnto=consult 寻求帮助、求助于136.Toxic=poisonous 有毒的137.Unbiased=withoutprejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的138.Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定139.Universal=popular 普遍140.Virtue=advantage=strength 优点好处141.Work out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出You know,我是悠悠的分割线君1.Solve= deal with=cope with=handle=resolve=address=tackle 解决2.Damage= hurt=injure=harm=impair= undermine= jeopardize损害3.给与：Give= offer= render= impart= provide=supply=afford4.培养：Develop= cultivate foster5.优势：Advantage merit= virtue= benefit= upside= strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage demer= drawback=downside= weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle=bewilder=perplex= baffle8.Key=crucial=critical= important= significant= vital= substantial= indispensable= imperative 重要的9.Think=believe= insist= maintain= assert= conclude= deem=hold= argue=be convinced=be firmlyconvinced= be fully convi nced 认为10.保护：Protect=conserve= preserve11.确保：Assure= ensure= guarantee=pledge12.有害的：Bad= banefulevil= harmfu l detrimental13.要求:Request deman*needs= requisition14.E liminate= clear=remove= clear up= take away= smooth away 消除15.L ead to= bring about= resultin= cause=spark off= conduceto=p rocure= induce= generate 导致16.So=therefore= thus=hence= consequently= asa consequence=a ccordingly= asa result=becauseofthis= asa resultofthis 因此17. Growto=riseto=increaseto=goupto=climbto=ascendto=ju mp to=shoot to 增长至18. Dipto=fallto=declineto=decreaseto=dropto=godownto=reduceto=slumpto=descendto=sinkto=slideto 降低至19.保持稳定：Level out=do not change= remain stable= remain still, =remain steady=be stable=maintainthe same level=remain unchanged=be still=remain the same level=stay constant= keep at the same level=level off=stabilize=keep its stability=even out20.急剧的：Dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously, =steeply=substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly,=surprisingly=strikingly=radically=remarkably=vastly=noticeably 21. Steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually,=moderately=mildly 平稳地22.宣称：Allege=assert=declare= claim23.发生：Happen= occur= takeplace24.原因：Reason=factor= cause25.发展：Developmen t advance=progress26. 有益的: Useful=helpful=beneficial=profitable= rewarding,=advantageous27.影响：Influence = impackeffect28.Clear= obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-c lear 明显的29. Comprise=take up= accountfor= constitute= consistof= make up=occupy= hold= compose 占30.与…相比：Comparedwith=comparedto=incomparisonwith,=in comparisonto=by comparison with=by comparisonto31. 对比而言心丫contrast=in contrast=on the otherhand,=on the contrary=conversely32.Show=reveal=illustrate=demonstrate=depict=present=represent = descried 展示33.大约：Approximately=almost=about=around=nearly= roughly34.波动：Fluctuate=go ups and downs=displaya fluctuation,=demonstratea fluctuation35.事实上Practically=in practice=essentially=in essence=in reality,=in effect=in fact=as a matteroffact=itisa fact that36.换言之Namely=that is to say=in otherwords kto put it likethis,=to put it differently=to put it from anotherway=to put it fromanotherangle36.与…有关: Concernwith = relateto37.增加：grow= increase= rise38.集中：concentrateon = focuson40.计划做…: tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth41.与...有关联be associatedWith = be connectedwith = be linkedto42.方法：approach = method = way43.建立：establish found = set up= establishment= organization44.offersb.sth. =supply sb. with sth. =providesb.withsth.= grant 提供.给某人45.争论：arguments disagreement46.合同，合约：contract = agreement47.没有：no= without = have no48.混舌1： chaos = mess49.里程碑：monuments landmark50.帮助某人help sb with = assistsb in doing sth=reach a handto sbpetitor= rivalrecognizeas = look/assumeas52.作品：work = masterpiece对，没错，我就是分割线君/★ 高频短语：1.befilledwith = be inundatewith = be saturated with 充满了2.strugglefor = aspireafter =strivefor=sparenoeffortsfor 努力3.embarkon = takeup = set about = goin for 从事4.in present-day society =in contemporary society= inthisdayandage 在当代5. a hostof = a multitudeof = avastnumberof= a vastamount of 大量的6.begoodfor=dogoodto =be beneficialto =be advantageousto =be conduciveto 对…有益处7.harmful/bad for =be detrimentalto =be disadvantageousto = be perniciousto 对…有害处8.focuson devoteoneselfto =dedicateoneselfto= commit oneselfto =engageoneselfin =employoneselfin 集中精力于9.think = argue= assert= contend= claim= maintain= hold the viewpointthat= hold the standpointthat=hold the perspectivethat = harbouran idea/opinionthat =embracea view that 认为10.be against=reject= object= oppose=beopposedto= become hostileto 反对11.support=take sides with =advocate =lend supportto=sing high praise of 支持12.lead to=trigger=result in= bring about= contributeto= give rise to= give birth to=be responsiblefor 导致13.be ascribedto=be attributedto 归咎于14.发展&€旷@0口，提高面5€3§@，改善improve) =A及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement =B 不及物动词rocket boom flourish prosper15.befacedwith=beencounteredwith=bepoisedonthebrinkof 面临，面对16.destroy= damage=decompose=destruct = endanger= impair =decimate =deteriorate 破坏17.limit=restrict,=restrain,=constrict=constrain =obstacle= barric ade =smother=curb = hinder= impede 阻碍，限制18.make a conclusion= draw a conclusion=reacha conclusion= arriveat a conclusion=hammera conclusion= crystallizea conclusion 下结论19.dialect 方言accent 腔调20.look like= resemble 类似，像21.chronic 长期的,慢性的long-term 长期的22.on-line =net= cyber 网络23.solely= merely= only 单独地，唯一地。

让知识带有温度。

雅思阅读同义词替换介绍整理雅思阅读同义词替换介绍1. outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2. overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3. insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4. supply=provide=furnish=give 供应v.5. launch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开头，投放v.6. suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7. detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8. handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9. peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10. positive=optimistic=uplifting 乐观的adj.11. administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12. funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.第1页/共2页千里之行，始于足下。

13. interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14. irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 浇灌n.15. sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etc and form a solid layer 积淀n.【雅思阅读同义词替换介绍】文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。

剑桥雅思阅读替换同义词雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。

以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost4.proportion/percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.]涉及，卷入，参与6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although有鉴于、考虑到，尽管6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce/deductive推断7.fortune/destiny/chances8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/exhaust–exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploitplex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的10.capacity能力，容量/competence（竞争）能力/ability能力（笼统的）11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金12.solely/merely/only13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列of14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人15.believe/assume(responsibility)/suppose16.授权，委托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔+ment =right （权利）17.purchase/buy18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n]19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit22.circumstance 环境（社会）/surroundings/environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文（文章中）23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的><fragrant 香的24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/thriving/booming（人口，行业）/flourishing26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal29.类似于：look like/resemble30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term长期的31.网恋：virtuallove/cyber love32.网友：on-line/net/cyberfriend上网（聊天）chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧33.evolve-evolution进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray36.therapist/expert/specialist37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length38. commonest/frequent39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade->grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify42.consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb/replace45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative(-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary (易错拼写：environment/convenient)49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscuremunicate 沟通，传达52.accommodate1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠mitment1 ~ to sth. 奉献2责任,义务54．contribute to 导致~ result in/account for(占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short(of)55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/obviously=>evidently56.对…怀疑：(be)/skeptical/skeptical/dubious/suspicious (about/of)57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization60.超过：exceed/surpass61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma62.语言：linguist ~学家/lingual和~有关的/bilingual/双语63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/speciesbreed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成64.dialect 方言accent腔调65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动>initiative 原创性= origin66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished（被剥夺财产的）67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence(-t)/unusual68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩69.辅助性：alternative补充性/therapist70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential >< induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于73.subsidize辅助/subsidy补助，补贴/subsidiary74.a factor in sth/depend on sth75.be preferred by/choice76.attitude to/how77.the present century/modernsociety78.broad/great79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spiteof 不顾，尽管80. small-scale 小范围/marginal边缘处的81. physical/medical82.negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议83.evolve/develop84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房85.virtual (love)/simulate模拟的（网恋）/模拟86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的89. be participant in/take part in/participate inbour[美，澳]/work91.attend to/take care of92.dual employment/dual-worker双职工（家庭）93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言A major contributorto/becentral to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因94.expert/therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家95.lead to/be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）96.balanced/equitable平等的97.handicap/disabled/primitive 残疾的，落后的98. could not-and cannot/hasalways been unable to by/from99.benefit/advantage100.substantialinfluence/greater likelihood101.agree on/define102.considereddesirable/effectiveness103.masquerade/(in) disguise伪装104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的105.inspect/examine审核,检查106．caliber/criterion 标准107．no-one know>< notorious无人知晓><臭名昭著的108．dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌109.pessimism/negative/blue >< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的110.unsatisfactory/hardly belooked upon111.identify/define恒星英语论坛112.turn… into/become113.urban/rural/suburban114.demolish/knock down/dismantle 毁坏，拆毁（建筑物）/敲，打115.migration/move 迁移/移动116.pay/charge sb for向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开118.fascination/attraction (-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住119.notrequire/unnecessary 不需要/不必要120.decode/decipher 译解（密码），解释121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在124.intensiveburst/explosiverelease 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别126.aim to/focus on 针对，目标，打算/集中127.link…to/lead to连接/导致，通向128. inadequate (diet)/deficiency (in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足129.basic/fundamental基础的，基本的130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住131.fatal/lethal 致命的132.success on/running on 成功133.costly/be related by有关系的134.be obtained in/be derivedin 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的136.be alike/be similar to 相同的，相似的137.indicate/show显示，指出，象征138. eliminate/lessen >< 消除/减少139. not risensignificantly/stagnate 停滞不前的140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的141.create/gain创造，造成/获得，增加efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率142.economy/financial 经济143.administration/management144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入146.change/different来源:恒星英语网147.die>< exist死亡><存在148.almost/approximately149.be out of date/bedeveloped150.solve/reduce 减少151.famous/eminent152.barrier/hurdle153.higher position/top post154.Advantage: virtue, merit,benefit , positive aspect, strength, 好处,优点,长处155.Disadvantage: weakness,failing, weakness, defect, drawback, negative aspect,fault不利,缺点,缺陷156.Casual: arbitrary, unplanned, unexpected,随意的157.Effective: efficient, effectual, fruitful, productive,valid多效的158.Criticize: reproach, blame, 批评159.Flaw: weakness, defect缺点160.Ability; capability, power, caliber能力161.Dishonest: deceptive不诚实的162.Fair: equitable, equal, impartial, 公平的163.Success: achievement,feat成功来源:恒星英语网164.Reason:factor, contributor, origin, 原因165.Result: outcome, consequence,implication结果166.Result from: arise from, originate from, be due to, thanksto, 由于，因为167.Give rise to: contribute to, lead to, result in, cause, breed,create, incur导致168.Disaster: catastrophe 灾难169.Pollute: contaminate污染170.Poisonous: toxic 有毒的171.Decrease; fall, drop, plunge, decline,step back, downward, minimize, abate 下降172.Increase: rise, go up, surge,grow, 上升173.Growing: increasing, rising, 上升的。

名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。

剑桥雅思同义词替换词和一词多义词总结（词库不只是要浩瀚，关键是能做到运用自如）p1Show表明: report, reflect, represent, reveal, unfold打开/显露, present, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, suggest, State主张，宣称: claim/announce/ declare, assert, argue, allege, insist, express, report, contend主张, maintain,被视作Be known/ looked/ seen/ regarded/ cited/ viewed/ considered/ depicted/ defined/ described/taken as,such as, (be) called (A is called B, A is so-called B), xx +that从句，A is B结构, 括号，破折号，冒号，引号，1.rigid (刚硬的/呆板的/僵硬的/苛严的)/ stiff(硬的/僵直的/呆板的)/ unchanged/ little change (僵硬的/一成不变的)2.significant /dramatic引人注目的/ substantial(实质的)/ remarkable非凡的/ crucial至关紧要的3.approximately 将近=nearly, almost 5.be involved (in) = involve in = involvement [n.] 涉及/卷入/参与6.given = considering = in regard to = despite = although鉴于/考虑到/尽管4.proportion比例/ percentage 比例8.fortune财富/运气/好运n. = destiny命运n.= chance机会n. 10.capacity能力,容量/ competence竞争力/ ability 能力8.deplete开采完/耗尽vt.= exhaust(exhaust emission尾气排放)=exploit开拓/开发=reclaim开发/开垦=use up耗尽plex错综复杂的a. n.复合体/多功能体育馆= complicated复杂的a = sophisticated久经世故的/精密的/复杂的11.确保/保障：Secure安全的a. / security安全n.= ensure确保= insure确保= guarantee 保证v. n12.solely独自地/ merely仅仅= only 13.a vast array of许多/ a great variety of许多/ a great range of许多14.pesticide杀虫/ suicide 自杀/murder谋杀15.assume假定v.=suppose假设v.=postulate假定=hypothesize假设16.授权/委托：authorize批准v.(authority当局)/ commission委任/委托/佣金/ entitle授权entitlement权利=right权利17.purchase购买/ buy 18. ethnic种族的/ ethic伦理/道德的a. 19. modify修改v=change=shift /shift work轮班工作20. insight洞察力/knowledge/ learning知识, 学问/ understanding理解力/ knowing知道; 认识21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit n.界限, 限度, 限制vt. 限制, 限定22. circumstance 环境（社会）= surroundings环境= environment 环境/ background背景= settings处境，背景= context背景，文章的上下文// anachronism时代错误23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的/ fragrant 香的//…是此问题的核心…is at the root of the issue24.移民：immigrant 从外国移来的/ emigrant移居外国者/ migrant候鸟, 移居者25.兴旺/繁荣；prosperous繁荣的/ thriving兴旺, 繁荣/ booming急速发展的/ flourishing繁茂的, 繁荣的26.神圣的：divine神圣的/ heavenly如天堂的/ holy神圣的/ sacred庄严的, 神圣的27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic有毒的, 中毒的nontoxic无毒的28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal致命的/ mortal致命的29.类似于：look like像..., 似..., / resemble与…类似30. chronic长期的,慢性的= long-term 长期的32.网友：online /net/ cyber friend // 上网聊天chat online //网吧cyber café/internet bar33.evolve进化v. evolution 进化// revolution 革命,旋转// involve卷入,涉及-involution 卷入,涉及34. indicator指示器/ predictor预测//35.indicate指示/ demonstrate表明/ display显示/exhibit展示/betray泄露36. therapist临床医学家/ physician内科医师/surgeon外科医生/ dentist牙科医生/ psychiatrist精神病医师/pharmacist药剂师/ herbalist草药医生/ psychologist心理学家/ oculist眼科医生/ gynecologist妇科医生/ expert专家/ specialist专家38. commonest共同的,公共的,普通的/ frequent时常发生的,频繁的40. 退化：degenerate退化/ degrade (使)降级/堕落/退化(grade等级n.评分,评级v.) / deteriorate 恶化/每况愈下v.41. 分类：category种类/ categorize分类v./ class等级, 种类n. / classify分类, 分等v.42. consequence后果/ subsequence后继,随后n./ sequence次序, 顺序=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突/crash 坠毁/ crush压碎, 碾碎v. / crack裂缝n. 破裂v./crisp脆的, 易碎的a./smash打碎, 粉碎n.v.44. substitution代替/ substitute … for …替换..., 取代... // replace.. with/by…替换// alternative选择性a. 替代物. 46.孤立：isolate使隔离v./ alienate疏远v./ insulate使绝缘, 隔离/ be alien to外国的;与...不同的47．缺点：defect过失, 缺点/ flaw缺点/ failing缺点, 弱点n. / disadvantage 缺点n. /drawback缺点, 障碍/ fault过错, 缺点/ imperfection不完美/ weakness弱点/ shortcoming缺点, 短处48. 创新的：inventive发明的/ innovative创新的/ creative创造性的/ ingenious独创性的/novel新颖的49．neutral中性的,中立的/negative阴性的,否定,消极/positive阳性的,肯定,积极50．Ambiguous模棱两可的,暧昧的a. / ambiguity含糊,不明确n./obscure暗的,朦胧的,模糊的a.municate 沟通,传达,通报/confer协商v. / correspond协调, 通信v.52.accommodate 供...食宿；适应,调整(=adapt to) 容纳(=hold)mitment ~ to sth 奉献；责任,义务54．contribute to 导致=lead to导致= ~ result in = account for说明, 占54.缺乏的,不足的：inadequate/ insufficient不足的/ deficient缺乏的/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize强调/ stress强调/ highlight使显著/ focus on/ concentrate on集中56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical怀疑的= sceptical怀疑的/dubious可疑的/ suspicious (about/of) 可疑的58.臭命昭著的：notorious声名狼籍的a. / notoriety恶名/ flagrant臭名远扬的/ smelly有臭味的/ odorous有气味的59.机构，组织：association协会/ structure结构/organization组织64.dialect 方言accent 口音60.超过：exceed超越, 胜过/ surpass超越, 胜过/ outweigh胜过，超过// down the ages自古以来61.岩浆：molten熔化的rock/ lava熔岩/ magma岩浆62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual语言的/ bilingual两国语言的63.多种多样的：diversity多样性/ variety多样性/ breed品种, 种类/ species种类/breed[n]品种[v]繁殖/培养/造成65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch发行, 投放市场/ initial开始的/ initiate开始，发动/ initiative起初的/ origin起源n.66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty贫穷/ impoverished穷困的67.杰出：unusual与众不同的/prominent卓越的, prominence 杰出/ outstanding显著的, distinguished，杰出的/ eminent(杰出的), eminence卓越68.gene基因/ genetic defect遗传的缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思,怀孕v./ deliver送到,分娩v.70.演绎，推理：deductive推论的a. / inferential 推论性的/a. inductive诱导的,归纳a. / deductive推论的a./ induce 引导,归纳,引诱v. / deduce推论v. / induction 归纳71.令人困惑的：bewildering令人困惑的/ puzzling使迷惑的/ perplexing复杂的, 令人困惑的73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy 补助，补贴/ subsidiary辅助的, 补充的77.the present century= modern society一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 一排/一群/一批（array排列, 编队,大批），range from..to…许多plenty of ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample丰富的/ sufficient 充足的/ adequate适当的, 足够的非常大的tremendous(极大的/巨大的), enormous巨大的, immense极大的/巨大的numerous 众多的/无数的;过时的outdated ; outmoded过时的; obsolete荒废的; old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated陈旧的短暂的ephemeral朝生暮死的, 短暂的; transitory短时间的; transient短暂的, 瞬时的; short-lived初始的preliminary预备的,初步的/ rudimentary基本的,初步的/primary主要的,初级的/ underdeveloped不发达的可持久的durable ; able to stand wea r ; last a long time 目前so far ; by far; to date迄今为止;一再time after time ; again and again再三地, 反复地// 时常often ; frequently频繁地; repeatedly前述的afore-mentioned上述的, 前述的; aforesaid ; former; mentioned above;年轻人young people ; youngster年青人; youth 青年们; young adult; adolescent; the teenage;永远的eternal永恒的;everlasting; forever; endless; permanent; perpetual永久的; lasting throughout life偶尔once in a while ; from time to time ; now and then ; at times; occasionally正/反意见(opinion)：归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame；骂：yell at对...吼叫;reprimand训斥; chide斥责; scold责骂; reprove谴责；condemn谴责支持：support ; endorse同意，签注(文件), 认可, 签署; back up支持, 倒退; uphold支持,赞成错的：mistaken ; erroneous错误的, 不正确的; wrong；incorrect；false错事wrongdoing坏事; misbehavior品行不端做相反的do the reverse反面of ; do the oppositeintegrate使结合(with)/使并入(into)；compose写作/组成/作曲v.；comprise包含, 由...组成；compromise妥协v. 瓦解disintegrate (使)分解, (使)碎裂; decompose分解, (使)腐烂;break up打碎, 破碎; separate into small parts我们想信…we are convinced that…确信/承认; we are certain that.. //接受…之美意embrace the offer of…愿意I incline to; I am inclined to倾向于; I am willing to; I tend to=prefer to //支持某一方be in favor of; be on the side of 在大家同意下by common consent（同意）of…一致的unanimous意见一致的; consensus一致同意,承认admit; acknowledge承认; confess承认,坦白,忏悔; concede承认,退让//意见不和clash(冲突) of opinion不愿承认…be reluctant to admit sth… //否定deny拒绝; withhold限制; negate否定, 打消恰当appropriate适当的; proper正确的; suitable适当的; adequate (充分的)不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate (不充分的, 不适当的)批判criticize ; blame; find fault with批评; make judgments of the merits (优点, 价值) and faults of…有用的be useful ; be of use; be serviceable; be good for; be instrumental有帮助的（=helpful）;有意义的meaningful; implication暗示; interpretation解释//无意义的pointless无意义的; meaningless; worthless 于事无补be of no help; be of no avail无效; be no use; be in vain徒劳// have a deep knowledge of…对…很了解使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…//内情ins and outs; turns and twists想法：frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking // 澄清clarify澄清= make clear选择choose; elect推选; opt for选择; pick精选; single out挑选//利用use; take advantage of明显的：apparently显然地/ patently明白地, 公然地/ obviously明显地/ evidently明显地, 显然夸耀brag(.吹牛) about; boast about自夸; show off炫耀; speak too highly of赞扬//分辨出identify; recognize照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to专心, 注意, 照顾; watch over看守, 监视对抗权威stand up against authority; resist boldly(大胆地) the authority // 不惜代价at all costs对…有信心have confidence in说:articulate(发音清晰的); verbalize描述; put in words; utter古英语的说连系get in touch with; contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility// be equivalent to相当于...= equal相等v. 发出deliver; convey传送; dispatch分派; give out; hand over//绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way 禁止进入be kept out; be barred from, be banned from //结果result; aftermath结果, 后果; consequence结果忽视: make little of不重视; overlook忽视; ignore不理睬; neglect; disregard漠视; give little care to坏了be out of order; be on the blink出毛病; be not working // 避免avoid; shun避开; get around; circumvent绕行amass积聚; accumulate积累; heap/pile up; assemble召集// 以…方式by means of; by virtue of; by the use of分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell A from B //应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of依靠count on; depend on; rely on; rest on；base on; settle on //在于lie in; rest on; rest with取决于;存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth产生; come into being // 准备…brace for; prepare for关键时刻the critical moment // critical关键的;vital重大的;important; decisive决定性的;crucial; pivotal枢轴的/关键的; 考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account考虑到；in consideration of // by hook or by crook不择手段发起:take the initiative带头; initiate开动; set going使运转// scrupulous谨慎的; unscrupulously肆无忌惮的;不算exclusive of除...外, 不计算在内; not counting; leaving out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑幻想fantasy; fantastic idea; imagination. 想法与作法beliefs and practices面对in the face of面对; in the presence of在面前; confront ..with.. 面临;face to sth;虽然although; not withstanding虽然; albeit虽然; though////除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of根据according to/on the basis of/on the ground of/that; in the light of; in line with; in accordance with, in terms of,逃避问题evade the question极端的radical根本的,基本的,激进的; extreme; drastic(极端的) drastic measures赔偿compensate fo r; give…as compensation for// 实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true剩下的the rest其余者; the remainder 剩余物; leftover剩余物; what is left //优点advantage; strength; strong point; benefit; merit优点,价值/ virtue美德换言之in other words; put another way //简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell简单地毕竟after all; all in all// 范围extent; spectrum; scale; range; scope; realm举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite，an illustration; to cite a concrete case特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular 回馈feedback既然…now that…; seeing that…//缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness幼稚childish; childlike; naive//迹象inkling暗示; hint; clue; a slight suggestion缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of// 行为conduct; behavior; doings// 隔绝isolate; insulate不易懂的elusive(难懂的, 难捉摸的); hard to understand挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective观点, 看法; standpoint正在进行中is underway只是一种姿态is merely a gesture立场position; stand; stance姿态意向inclination; leaning; intention特权privilege; a special right一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact交织intertwine; interweave//好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity //具体的specific; concrete; tangible (切实的)尊敬respect; esteem尊重,认为; think highly of顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim 巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous探索explore; fathom执行carry out; execute; conduct现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age偏见prejudice; bias; partiality偏爱; predilection偏爱，偏袒无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance骚动, 动乱, 打扰; tumult吵闹, 骚动, 拥挤, 混乱刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended了解…acquaint oneself with… 费时间去take time to do无缺点的flawless; airtight密封的, 无懈可击的无药可救incurable //解药a cure for…; a remedy for;细密的计划elaborate plan；深思熟虑：after long deliberation; after careful thought // 来自stem/ derive /come from 取消cancel; annul废除, 取消; abolish废除(法律/制度/习俗等)//谜puzzle; riddle; enigma(谜, 不可思议的东西)机会平等equality of opportunity // 较有影响力的国家a predominant (支配的, 主要的,有影响的) country遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with热情的passionate; ardent; zealous模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure影响长远的far-reaching失望despair; loss of hope; without hope破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devastate毁坏技巧的skillful; adept熟练的, 拿手的; dexterous灵巧的警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of(机警的)忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand//古老的old; ancient;证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony证词保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter//古人the ancients 很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance妨碍, 障碍自满的complacent令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding令人惊骇的生动的报导vivid media coverage争取compete for; try hard to win遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance揭露reveal; make known; disclose了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on //违反infringe (on)( 破坏/侵犯); violate放大amplify放大; magnify放大; enlarge扩大; extend延伸; aggrandize扩充//使害怕intimidate(恐吓,使胆怯); frighten 动力impetus推动力, 促进; driving force; momentum动力, 动量//准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely第一流的first-rate; excellent安全处refuge避难所; asylum 收容所; haven港口, 避难所; sanctuary避难所短视的决定short-sighted decision真正的genuine真正的; authentic; real // enliven使生气的, 使活泼生动怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious //醒悟it dawned on me that (渐渐被理解) 得到…的注意capture one’s attention事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering背景setting; background假的fake; false; counterfeit(赝品, 伪造)退步setback(顿挫, 挫折, 退步) //乍看之下at first glance一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large //一次就可完成的事one-time event评估社会文化因素assess /evaluate social cultural factors //满于现状be happy with what you are可互换的interchangeable可与…相比is comparable with (to)// 普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent(流行的)是个对比is a sharp contrast to比作is likened to; is compared to//每况愈下from bad to worse多样化的heterogeneous(不同种类的);单一性的homogeneous(同类的, 相似的, 均一的)另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…不宜取笑… it is not decent高雅的to make fun of…那并非说… that does not mean that…有这回事there is such thing as 取得同意…get the go-ahead to一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle(篱笆/跨栏) for us to overcome is… //这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:以此标准来算by this criterion; 复数criteria; by this standard //由…组成is made up of…; is comprised of; consist 由…造成caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from// 有资格的qualified;无资格的disqualified必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check //重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities conventional传统的//无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable//说服convince使信服; persuade; cause to believe。

默小默的自习室剑16 替换词注：部分为非同义替换。

听力Test 11.create / design 产生，设计2.without / no 没有3.build / make 建造4.tallest / highest 最高的5.build / construct 建造6.create / film 制作（电影）7.short / five-minute 时间短的8.humanoid / in the shape of human 仿真的，人形的9.cost / price 费用10.found / set up 建立11.manufacture / make 制造12.no / never 没有13.in previous years / last year 过去14.less specific / not to be too precise / vague不确切的15.childhood /little 童年/年幼的16.fast / rapid 快速的17.movement / motion 运动18.potential / possible 可能的19.threat / danger 威胁/危险20.continuity / never-ending 继续21.life / existence 生命/存在22.protection / not hurt 保护23.confused / ambiguous 困惑的/不清楚的24.nature / natural world25.relevant / refer to 有关26.surprisingly / amazingly 令人吃惊地27.well known / famous 著名的28.achieve / have 获得29.view / perspective 观点30.consider as / see as 看作31.motivate / inspire 激发32.ideas / theories 想法/理论33.thinking / beliefs 想法34.a lot of / considerable 许多Test 21.minimum / at least 最小2.place / save / keep 存储 / called 名为4.change / alter 改变5.correctly / properly 合适地6.send / post off发送/投递7.a private home / a family home 私人住所8.home / house 房子9.queue / wait 排队/等待10.long / a considerable time 长时间11.advise / discuss 建议/商讨12.Vegetarian / don’t eat meat or fish 吃素食13.daily / each day 每天14.change / different 改变/不同的15.acting / drama 表演16.confused / get mixed up 混淆17.real / actually happened 真实发生的18.chance / coincidence 巧合19.fail / did not 没有20.clear / obvious 清晰的21.conclusion / result 结论22.ensure / make sure 确保23.produce / release 产生/释放24.positive / happier 积极的/更开心25.suggest / show 表明26.increase / more 增加/更加27.accessible / can have a go 可接近的/可以尝试28.better / improve 更好/提升29.reduce / lower 降低30.accident / fall 意外/摔倒31.faster / quickly 快速地32.improve / promote 提升33.more / greater 更加34.exercise / activities 锻炼e up / burn 消耗36.become / make it ... 成为Test 31.require / have to submit 必需2.held / not put off 举行/不推迟3.a change of clothing / spare clothes 备用衣服4.arrive / get here 到达5.first day / day 1 第一天6.advantage / opportunity 优点/机会7.active lifestyle / health benefits 积极的生活方式/对健康有利8.flexible working opportunities / juggle work with other responsibilities 灵活的工作机会/兼顾工作和其它事情9.disadvantage / challenge 缺点/挑战10.a very quiet location / remote areas 安静的地方11.difficult weather / cold and windy 天气不好12.not permanent / 12-month 非长期的/12 个月的13.intensive work / work hard 高强度工作14.but also / as well 而且15.fun / play hard 有趣的/好好玩16.chance / opportunities 机会17.rapid / quickly 快速的18.promotion / way up the career ladder 晋升19.accommodation / renting a small cottage 住宿20.local / in the region 当地21.travel / visiting 旅行22.a large sample of / many 许多23.be unaware of / didn’t know 不知道24.did not ... enough / should have ... more 没有做足......25.unsuitable / not accurate 不合适的anise / put ...at the beginning and end of...组织27.deliberately / on purpose 故意地28.hard to understand / confusing 难懂29.content / what ...to include 内容anisation / what will go where 组织31.imagine / picture 想象32.someone / an elderly person 某人33.ago / previous 以前的34.be expected to / be predicted to 预计35.disappear / vanish36.classes / instruction 课堂37.increase / rise 上升38.buy / sales 购买39.more / increase 更多/增加40.support / helpful 支持/有帮助的41.difficulty / hardship 困难42.require / need 需要43.little money / minimal financial outlay 很少的开销44.reduce / release 减少/释放45.busy / fast-paced 繁忙的46.origin / first begin 起源47.not known / on one really knows 未知48.show / suggest 表明49.knitted items / pieces of clothing 编织的衣物50.rough to touch / very rough to touch 粗糙触感51.the most popular / dominant 最受欢迎的52.geographical areas / parts of the world 地理区域53.look after / watch over 照看1.available / free 有空2.deadline / last day 截止日期3.final payment / rest of the money 尾款4.type of traffic / heavy vehicles 交通类型5.next to / alongside 在...旁边6.postpone / need some more though 推迟7.proposed / originally planned 原计划的8.unsafe / dangerous 危险的9.erect / get ...up 树立10.ask / request 要求11.motorist / driver 司机12.switch off / not to leave ... running 关掉13.most important / significant 重要的14.reduce / cut 减少15.congestion / the number of cars on the road 交通拥堵16.improve air quality / reduce emission on air pollution 提升空气质量17.necessary / important / matter 重要的18.public awareness / have a publicity campaign 公众意识19.should be cheaper / more than 10 times the price of.../ more than it costs to.....应该更便宜20.surprised / strange 吃惊的/奇怪的21.successful / best-used 成功的22.more investment is required / not enough’s been spent 需要更多投资23.well designed / good planning 好的规划24.disagree / not really / but 不同意25.flightless / lost the ability to fly 不能飞26.inhabit / be found in ... 居住在......27.transport / carry 运输28.collect / stock up with 囤积29.establish / set up 建立30.very / extremely 非常31.rapid / fat 迅速的e / employ 使用33.eat / consume 吃/消耗34.arrival / introduction 到来35.farming / agriculture 农业36.destroy / cut down 毁坏Test 11.health problems / diabetes and heart disease 疾病2.under / underneath 在...下面3.genetically / genetic structure 基因结构4.survive / keep alive 存活5.think of ...as / be perceived as 把...看作6.see / observe 看见7.knock down / dislodge 取下8.some / a piece of 一些9.reach / get to 到达10.locate / stand 位置11.conscious / deliberate and focused 有意的12.similar to / appear to 相似/好像13.disappointed / miss out 失望的/错过14.hunt / kill 打猎/猎物15.within / inside 在...里面16.difficult / challenge 困难的/挑战17.certainty / no question 确定无疑18.design / archetype 设计/典型19.copy / follow 模仿20.burial structure / tomb 坟墓21.incredible / astonish / amaze 难以置信的/使震惊22.few /a small number of 很少的23.occupied by / living quarters 居住/住宅24.along with / and 以及25.around / surround 在...周围26.entrance / door 入口27.long / 750 meters long 长28.encircle / ring 包围29.not invited / unwanted 不速而至的30.prevent / discourage 阻止31.real / true 真正的32.entrance / opening 入口33.length / longer 长度/更长的34.reign / rule 统治35.possession / valuable 财宝36.alter / switch 改变37.factor / as a result of 因素/由于38.results / target 结果/目标39.handle / tackle 处理40.rely on / dependent on 依赖于41.data / information 数据/信息42.dependent / reliance 依赖43.instinct / intuition 直觉44.situation / scenario 场合45.reason / because 原因/因为46.appealing / attract 吸引人的47.shift / revolution 改变/改革48.previous / past 过去的49.problems / consequence 问题/结果50.conventional / tradition 传统51.career path / employment life 生涯道路52.authority / leader 权威/领导53.ensure / guarantee 确保54.adequately / full 充足的55.paid work / income 有偿工作56.for everyone / fair 公平的Test 21.most / vast majority 大多数2.agreement vs. controversial 同意vs. 有争议的3.origin / date 起源4.no longer visible / disappear 消失5.shape / outline 形状/轮廓6.road / track 路7.first / earliest 最早的8.reference to / mention 提及9.indicate / mark 表明/标记nd ownership / land of inhabitants 土地所有权11.ancient / a Bronze or Iron Age 古代的/青铜或铁器时代12.protection / protector 保护13.exist for longer / outlive 活得更久14.impressed / amazing 让人印象深刻的15.more / higher 更多的16.beneficial effect / maintain our health 好处/保持健康17.a smaller number / fewer 更少的18.lead to / bring 导致19.illness / disease 疾病20.enemy / foes 敌人21.symbiotic / partnership 互惠互利的/伙伴22.show / unravel 表明23.remove / eliminate 清除24.poison / toxins 有毒物质25.reduce / combat 减少/对抗26.poor / unhealthy 没有营养的/不健康的27.nutrition / diets 营养/饮食28.excessive focus / obsession 过度关注29.hygiene / cleanliness 卫生30.upset / disrupt 扰乱31.contribute to / responsible for 导致/对...负责32.huge increase / soar 大幅上升33.efforts / attempt 努力34.reduce / fight off 减少/消除35.assumption / consider 想法36.underestimated / more powerful than previous imagined 低估37.different / a variety of 不同的38.circumstance / external factor / contextual factor / situation 情况39.strategy / way 策略40.establish /identify 确定41.make wise decisions / wise reasoning 做聪明决定42.modesty / recognition of limits 谦虚43.take into account / appreciation 考虑到44.opinion / perspective 观点45.not be the same / wider 不一样/更宽46.view / attitudes and beliefs 想法47.be aware of / sensitivity 明白48.likelihood / possibility 可能性49.alteration / change50.third-party perspective / objectivity 客观51.fairness / justice 公正52.choose vs. assign 选择vs. 指定53.length / long-term 长度/长期的54.detached viewpoint / distant observer/ other eyes 第三方观点55.a very limited extent / small 很小的程度Test 31.pass on to vs. learn from 传递vs. 从...学来2.involve / consist of 包含3.army / military 军队4.quickly /speedy 快速地5.afloat / on the sea’s surface 漂浮6.after / following 在...之后7.close to land / near the coast 靠近海岸ck / have no 缺乏9.additional weight / ballast 额外重量10.attack / pierce 攻击11.damage / break 破坏12.ship / vessel 船只13.far below the surface of the sea/ deep under water 深水中rge / huge 大15.good / product 产品16.pull / intercept 拉/拦截17.see / in sight 看见nd / mainland 陆地19.help / facilitate 帮助20.weapon / bow 武器21.leave behind / discard 丢弃22.physical difficulties / hard work 辛苦23.expedition / hiking 远足24.less / losses / fail 更少/失去25.future / in years to come 将来26.trade / business 贸易27.quickly / race the clock 快速/争分夺秒28.such as / like 比如29.animal skin / hide 兽皮30.discover / finds 发现31.not very often / rare 稀少32.decay relatively quickly / not to last long 快速腐败/持续不久33.low temperature / cold 低温34.artefact / material 手工制品35.preserved / fresh 保存好的/新鲜的36.recover / find 找回37.gather / congregate 聚集38.avoid / escape 躲避39.attack / bite 攻击/咬40.low number / few 少41.benefit / good 使受益42.increase / boom 增加43.not rely on ships alone / overland routes 不只靠船运/ 陆地线路44.transport / travel 运输45.production / yields 产量46.suffer from / reduce 遭受....../减少......47.rise / high 增加/高48.faster vs. slow down 更快vs. 减慢49.same vs. different 相同/不同50.specialist / collaborator 专家/合作者51.make use of / transfer into field 利用52.research findings / knowledge 研究发现53.potential / could 可能54.benefit / help 有益于55.findings / discovery 发现56.traditional / well-known 传统的/有名的57.saying / rhyme 谚语58.traditionally / known for hundreds of years传统地59.report / publish 报道60.early / in advance61.wet / soak / rain-soaked 潮湿的62.carry out / do 实施Test 41.direct / kept to its route 指明方向2.run into / flow towards 流向ed by people / for human use 供人使用4....made of wood or stone / wooden or stone... 木制或石头的......5.fail to meet / miss each other 没能碰头6.extract / mine 获取/采矿7.carve / inscription 雕刻8.protect vs. threaten 保护vs. 威胁9.hidden / invisible 隐藏的10.pay attention to vs. ignore 注意vs. 忽视11.be lost / disrupt or diminish 失去12.adjust to/ adapt to 适应13.worrying / troubling 让人担忧的14.digital / a tablet 电子的/平板15.print mediums / in paperback 印刷媒体16.order / sequence 顺序17.recall / reconstruct 回忆/重现18.save time / reduce time 节省时间19.emotional / feelings 情感20.affect / change 影响/改变21.choice of reading content / what we read 阅读内容的选择22.more likely vs. equally 更可能vs. 同样地23.rectify / redress 改正24.divergence / polarise / split 分歧25.faith / reliability 信念/信赖26.superiority / better 更好27.projections / forecast 预测28.openness / reveal / transparency 公开plexity / difficult 复杂/困难30.mistrustful / cannot rely on 不信任31.change vs. support ...existing attitudes 改变vs. 支持原有态度32.rejection / refusing to accept 拒绝33.a negative effect / at a serious disadvantage 负面效果34.little vs. significantly 很小的vs. 显著地35.impact / improve 影响/提升36.attitude / opinion 态度37.be able to ... / allow the freedom to... 能够.....38.approval / satisfied 赞成/满意。

Cambridge同义词替换大全同义词替换（剑四）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑五）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑六）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑七）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4同义词替换（剑八）TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3 TEST 4Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.&3.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.4.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.5.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.6.change=modify(modification) 改变v.7.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.8.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.9.where=geographical location 表地点10.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.11.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.12.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.13.$14.newspapers, television=media媒体n.15.where to live=habitat居住地n.16.get warmer=global warming变暖n.17.contribute to=play a part有助于v.18.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.19.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.20.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.21.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.22.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.23.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.24.）25.mating=courtship交配.26.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.27.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力28.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.29.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.30.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.31.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.32.blind=can not see瞎的adj.!Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on the increase=intensify=expand=buildup上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.*11.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.12.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.13.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.14.differ from=unusual与…不同v.15.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.16.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.17.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个18.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mentalillness临床医学家n.19.retrain=taking courses再教育v.20.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.21.$22.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.24.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.25.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.26.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.27.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.28.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.29.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.30.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随31.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.32.~33.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.34.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.35.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.36.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.37.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.38.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.39.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.40.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.41.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.42.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.43.@44.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.45.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.47.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.（7.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.8.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.9.poverty= being poor贫穷n.10.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.11.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.12.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.13.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.14.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.15.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.16.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.17."18.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.19.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part ofthe land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.20.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.21.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.22.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.23.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.24.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.25.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.26.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.27.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.28.！29.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.30.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.31.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.32.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.33.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.34.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.35.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.36.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.37.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查38.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.39.*ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论41.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.42.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.43.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.44.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.45.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.；3.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.4.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.5.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发6.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.7.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.8.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.9.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.10.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.11.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.12.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.13.！14.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.15.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.16.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.17.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.18.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.19.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的20.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.21.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.22.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.23.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.24.|25.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.27.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.28.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.29.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.30.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.31.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制32.produce=form=create=generate生产v.33.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.34.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.35.|36.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.37.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.38.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.39.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.》5.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.6.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.7.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加8.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.9.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.10.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.11.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.12.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.13.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.14.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.15.(16.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点17.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.18.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.19.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.20.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.21.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.22.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.23.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.24.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.25.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.26.：27.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.28.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.29.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.30.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.31.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.32.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.33.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.34.prior to=before=previous在…前面35.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.36.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.37.$38.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is moreimportant牺牲v.39.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.40.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.41.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.42.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.43.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.44.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.45.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.46.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.47.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.48."49.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.50.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.51.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.52.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.53.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.54.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.55.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.56.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.57.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.58.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.59.]60.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.)8.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.9.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.10.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.11.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.12.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如13.resource=material=source资源，来源n.14.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.15.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.16.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.17.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.18.%19.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.20.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.21.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.22.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.23.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.24.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.25.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.26.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.27.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.28.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.29.|30.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.31.react=respond 反应v.32.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.33.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.34.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.35.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.36.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.37.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.38.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.39.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.40.$41.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.42.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.43.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.44.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.》5.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.7.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.8.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.9.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.10.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.11.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.12.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.13.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.14.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.15.？16.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.17.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the seaetc and form a solid layer 积淀n.18.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.19.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.20.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.21.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.22.construct=build=make=found 建造v.23.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.24.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.25.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.26.》27.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.28.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.29.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.31.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.32.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.33.consciousness=awareness 意识n.34.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.35.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.36.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.37.-38.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.40.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.41.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.42.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.43.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.…3.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.4.remote=distant 遥远的adj.5.require=desire=order=command要求v.6.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.7.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.8.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.9.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.10.operate=act=run运转v.11.output=product输出，产品n.12.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.13.…14.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.15.revive=renaissance复兴v.16.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.17.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.18.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.19.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.20.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.21.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.22.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.23.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.24.@25.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.26.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.27.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.28.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.29.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.30.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.31.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.32.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为33.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.34.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.35."36.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾37.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.38.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.39.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4./5.investigation=analysis 调查n.6.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.7.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.8.funded support=finance 资金n.9.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.10.calculate=measure 计算v.11.event=championship 赛事n.12.plan=prepare=design 计划v.13.improve=grow=get better 进步v.14.trade=economy 贸易n.15.*16.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.17.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.18.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.19.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.20.delivery=export or import 运输n.21.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.22.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.23.shipping=freight 船运n.24.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.25.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.26.；ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.28.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.29.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.30.supply=provision=support 供给n.31.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.32.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.33.understanding=knowledge 了解n.34.well-being=health 健康n.35.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.36.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.37.~38.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.39.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限40.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的41.present inhabitant=descendant 居民42.give up=abandon 放弃43.mainly=heavily=most 主要地44.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.]2.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.3.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.5.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.6.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.7.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.8.together=face to face 共同9.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.10.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.12.>13.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的14.limited=minimal 有限的adj.15.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移16.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明17.related=associated 有关联的adj.18.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.19.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.20.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.21.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.22.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.23.;24.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.25.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.26.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.27.elderly people=old people 老人n.28.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.29.regular=daily 定期的adj.30.exercise=physical activity 运动n.31.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.32.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.33.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.34.<35.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.36.restricted=limited 有限的adj.37.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.38.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.39.early=older 早期的adj.40.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.41.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.42.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.43.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.44.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.45.^46.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.47.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.48.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.【6.globe=world 世界n.7.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.8.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝9.describe=tell 描述v.10.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.11.target=goal=aim 目标n.12.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.13.match to=suit to 合适14.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.15.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来16.<17.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.18.remuneration=payment 酬金n.19.tend to=prone to 倾向于20.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.21.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.22.staff=employee=worker 员工n.23.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.24.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.25.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.26.job=work=assignment 工作n.27.—28.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.29.growing old=ageing 变老30.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.31.life=lifespan 生命32.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.33.production=generation=output 产量n.34.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.35.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于36.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.!Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.】10.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.11.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.12.adults=men and women 成人n.13.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.15.child=infant=kid 孩子n.16.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.17.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.18.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.20.;21.be halved=decline by 50% 减半22.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.23.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.24.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.25.on its own=alone 自身26.however=but=yet 但是27.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.28.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.29.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.%。