2010年全国攻读工商管理硕士研究生入学考试

2010年10月考研管理类联考真题一、问题求解1、若31=+x x ，则=++1242x x x （ ） A 、81- B 、61 C 、41 D 、41- E 、81 2、若实数c b a ,,满足9222=++c b a ，则代数式222)()()(a c c b b a -+-+-的最大值是（ ）A 、21B 、27C 、29D 、32E 、393、某地震灾区现居民的总面积为a 平方米，当地政府计划每年以%10的住房增长率建设新房，并决定每年拆除固定数量的危旧房。

如果10年后该地的住房总面积正好比现有住房面积增加一倍，那么，每年应该拆除危旧房的面积是（ ）平方米。

（注：9.21.1,6.21.1,4.21.111109≈≈≈精确到小数点后一位。

）A 、a 801B 、a 401C 、a 803 D 、a 201 E 、以上结论都不正确 4、某学生在军训时进行打靶测试，共射击10次。

他的第6,7,8,9次射击分别射中9.0环、8.4环、8.1环、9.3环，他的前9次射击的平均环数高于前5次的平均环数。

若要使10次射击的平均环数超过8.8环，则他第10次射击至少应该射中（）环。

（报靶成绩精确到0.1环）A、9.0B、9.2C、9.4D、9.5E、9.95、某种同样的商品装成一箱，每个商品的重量都超过1千克，并且是1千克的整数倍，去掉箱子重量后净重210千克，拿出若干个商品后，净重183千克，则每个商品的重量为（）千克。

A、1B、2C、3D、4E、56、在一条与铁路平行的公路上有一行人与一骑车人同向行进，行人速度为3.6千米/小时，骑车人速度为10.8千米/小时。

如果一列货车从他们的后面同向匀速驶来，它通过行人的时间是22秒，通过汽车人的时间是26秒，则这列火车的车身长为（）米。

A、186B、268C、168D、286E、1887、一件工程要在规定时间内完成。

若甲单独做要比规定的时间推迟4天，若乙单独做要比规定的时间提前2两天完成。

[考研类试卷]2010年北京工商大学管理学真题试卷1 学习型组织2 确定型决策3 战术性计划4 组织文化5 民主式领导6 同期控制二、单项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。

7 管理者的角色是( )。

（A）人际角色、信息角色和决策角色（B）领导者角色、发言人角色和决策角色（C）人际角色、信息角色和谈判者角色（D）联络者角色、监督者角色和企业家角色8 泰罗的科学管理理论主要包括( )。

（A）工作定额、标准化、能力与工作相适应、计件奖励工资制以及计划职能与执行职能相分离等内容（B）工作定额、标准化、能力与工作相适应、差别计件工资制以及计划职能与执行职能相分离等内容（C）工作定额、标准化、能力与工作相适应、制定标准的操作程序以及计划职能与执行职能相分离等内容（D）工作定额、能力与工作相适应、制定标准的操作程序、计件奖励工资制以及计划职能与执行职能相分离等内容9 法约尔在他的《工业管理与一般管理》一书中首次概括和阐述了他的一般管理理论，即( )。

（A）管理的六种职能和一般管理的十四条原则（B）管理的五种职能和一般管理的十四条原则（C）理想的行政组织体和一般管理的十四条原则（D）管理的六种活动和权变管理理论10 霍桑试验( )。

（A）是韦伯的主要贡献（B）是巴纳德亲自设计的（C）对泰罗完成《科学管理原理》一书起了重要作用（D）是在梅奥领导下进行的11 人类的道德发展要经历三个层次( )。

（A）前惯例层次、后惯例层次和原则层次（B）前惯例层次、后惯例层次和中间层次（C）形成层次、发展层次和完善层次（D）前惯例层次、惯例层次和原则层次12 企业国际化经营的特征是( )。

（A）跨国界经营、多元化经营、资源共享、全球战略和一体化管理（B）跨国界经营、多元化经营、资源共享、差异化战略（C）总部移驻海外、聘请外国管理团队、多元化经营、差异化战略（D）中外合资、本土经营、多元化经营、成长战略13 一般信息系统包括的基本要素有( )。

全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试综合能力试题综合考试一、问题求解（本大题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。

共15小题，每小题3分，共45分，下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项字母涂黑。

二、条件充分性判断：条件充分性判断共11小题，每小题2分，共22分本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

解题说明：本大题要求判断所给出的条件能否充分支持题干中陈述的结论。

阅读条件（1）和（2）后，请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑三、逻辑推理：本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

下面每题所给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

36—37基于以下题干：张教授：在南美洲发现的史前本质工具存在于13000年以前。

有的考古学家认为，这些工具是其祖先从西伯利亚迁徙到阿拉斯加的人群使用的.这一观点难以成立。

因为要到达南美,这些人群必须在13000年前经历长途跋涉,而在从阿拉斯加到南美洲之间,从未发现130 00年前的木质工具。

李研究员：您恐怕忽视了：这些木质工具是在泥煤沼泽中发现的,北美很少有泥煤沼泽。

木质工具在普通的泥土中几年内就会腐烂化解。

36．以下哪项最为准确地概括了张教授与李研究员所讨论的问题?A．上述史前木质工具是否是其祖先从西伯利亚迁徙到阿拉斯加的人群使用的?B．张教授的论据是否能推翻上述考古学家的结论?C．上述人群是否可能在13000年前完成从阿拉斯加到南美洲的长途跋涉?D．上述木质工具是否只有在泥煤沼泽中才不会腐烂化解。

E．上述史前木质工具存在于13000年以前的断定是否有足够的根据?37．以下哪项最为准确地概括了李研究员的应对方法?A．指出张教授的论据违背事实。

B．引用与张教授的结论相左的权威性研究成果。

C．指出张教授曲解了考古学家的观点。

D．质疑张教授的隐含假设。

E．指出张教授的论据实际上否定其结论。

38．一些人类学家认为,如果不具备应付各种自然环境的能力,人类在史前年代不可能幸存下来.然而相当多的证据表明,阿法种南猿,一种与早期人类有关的史前物种,在各种自然环境中顽强生存的能力并不亚于史前人类,但最终灭绝了。

北京理工大学·管理学2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题一．名词解释1、领导：领导是一种影响力，它是影响个人、群体或组织实现所设定目标的各种活动或过程。

这个过程是由领导者、被领导者和其所在的环境三个因素构成的。

这个表述包含了三个层面的含义：第一，领导包含领导者和被领导者两个方面；第二，领导是由在影响被领导者的过程中表现出来的某些所期望的行为而组成的；第三，领导者的目的是影响被领导者实现群体的目标。

2、激励：激励就是在分析人们需要的基础上，将组织目标和个人需要相联系，通过一定的手段在使员工的需要不断得到满足的同时，激发其工作的积极性，为组织目标的实现自发、主动的贡献自己的力量。

3、领导生命周期理论：这一理论认为，领导的有效性取决于工作行为、关系行为和下属的成熟度。

由工作行为和关系行为相组合，形成四种情况，对应着四种领导方式：高工作低关系——命令式、高工作高关系——说服式、低工作高关系——参与式、低工作低关系——授权式。

当被领导者的成熟度高于平均以上时应采用低关系低工作；当被领导者的成熟度一般时，应采用高关系高工作或低工作；当领导者的成熟度低于平均水平时应采用低关系高工作。

4、人际关系：人际关系是指人们在组织交往过程中，由于相互认识、相互体验而形成的心理关系。

它反映在组织活动中人们相互之间的情感距离、相互吸引与排斥的心理状态。

5、控制：控制就是管理者保障实际活动与规划活动相一致的过程，就是根据事先规定的标准，监督检查各项活动，并根据偏差或调整行动或调整计划，使两者相吻合的过程。

二、简答题1、霍桑实验，及梅奥教授的意外发现是什么（1）、梅奥教授在霍桑工厂进行的，旨在研究外界因素与劳动生产率之间的关系。

试验氛围四个阶段：照明试验、继电器装配工人小组试验、大规模访谈和接线板接线工作室试验。

1）照明试验研究照明情况对生产效率的影响，发现照明度的变化不是效率变化的决定因素。

2）继电器装配工人小组试验探寻改善工作条件对生产效率的影响，结果认为监督和指导方式的改变提高了生产效率。

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试政治试题一、单项选择题：1～16小题，每小题1分，共16分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.1984年1月3日，意大利人卡内帕给恩格斯写信，请求他为即将在日内瓦出版的饿《新纪元》周刊的创刊号题词，而且要求尽量用简短的字句来表述未来的社会主义纪元的基本思想，以区别于伟大诗人但丁的对旧纪元所作的“一些人统治，另一些人受苦难”的界定。

恩格斯回答说，这就是：“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。

”这段话表明，马克思主义追求的根本价值目标是（）A．实现人的自由而全面的发展B．实现人类永恒不变的普适价值C．建立一个四海之内皆兄弟的大同世界D．建立一个自由，平等，博爱的理性王国2.有一则箴言：“在溪水和岩石的斗争中，胜利的总是溪水，不是因为力量，而是因为坚持。

”“坚持就是胜利”的哲理在于（）A．必然性通过偶然性开辟道路B．肯定中包含着否定的因素C．量变必然引起质变D．有其因必有其果3.右边这张照片反映出由于气候变暖，北极冰盖融化，致使北极熊无处可去的场景，颇具震撼力。

它给我们地球上的人类发出的警示是（）A．人与自然的关系成为人与人之间一切社会关系的核心B．生态失衡已成为自然界自身周期演化不可逆转的趋势C．自然地理环境已成为人类社会发展的根本决定力量D．生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提4.劳动力成为商品是货币转化为资本的前提条件，这是因为（）A．资本家购买的是劳动力的价值B．劳动力商品具有价值和使用价值C．货币所有者购买的劳动力能够带来剩余价值D．劳动力自身的价值能够在消费过程中转移到新的商品中去5.1981年党的十一届六中全会通过《关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的建议》对我国社会主要矛盾作了规范的表述：“社会主义改造完成以后，我国所要解决的主要矛盾，是人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾。

2010
201年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试综合能力(写作答题纸)
注：此表供阅卷使用，考生不得填写。

考生须知：1．考生除在试卷上填写（涂）规定的项目外，不得作其他任何标记，否则答卷作废。

2．考生答题必须用蓝(黑)色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔书写，用铅笔或红色笔作答的一律不给分
3．字迹要工整、清楚，填涂要规范，不得使用涂改液。

答案书写在草稿纸上的一律无效。

姓名：四、写作（本大题共2小题，第56题30分，第57题35分，共65分）56题.（本小题30分）
题号
分数阅卷人
56
57
总分
100
200准考证号：
300
400
500
600
700 57题.（本小题35分）
100 200 300 400
500 600 700 800。

2010年全国管理类（MBA、MPA、MPACC）硕士研究生入学考试大纲第一部分综合能力综合能力考试的目的是测试考生运用数学基础知识分析与解决问题的能力、逻辑思维能力、综合归纳能力、分析论证能力、汉语理解及书面表达能力。

综合能力考试由问题求解、条件充分性判断、逻辑推理及写作四个部份组成。

问题求解题的测试形式为单项选择题，要求考生从给定的五个选项中选择一个作为答案。

条件充分性判断题的测试形式为单项选择题，要求考生从给定的五个选项中选择一个作为答案。

问题求解和条件充分性判断题型涉及初等数学等数学基础知识，但不同于通常的数学考试，问题求解和条件充分性判断题本质上是以数学的形式为载体测试考生的分析与解决问题的能力。

综合能力考试不对数学知识作系统考察，而只涉及若干必要的数学知识点。

在问题求解和条件充分性判断这两部分试题中，可能涉及到的数学范围如下：实数的概念、性质、运算及应用；整式、分式及其运算；方程（一元一次方程、一元二次方程、二元一次方程组）的解法及应用；不等式（一元一次不等式、一元二次不等式）的解法和应用；等差数列、等比数列、排列组合、概率初步；常见平面图形（三角形、四边形、圆）；平面直角坐标系及直线与圆的方程。

逻辑推理题的测试形式为单项选择题，要求考生从给定的5个选择项中，选择1个作为答案。

逻辑推理试题的内容涉及自然和社会各个领域，但并非测试有关领域的专门知识，也不测试逻辑学专业知识，而是测试考生对各种信息的理解、分析、综合、判断、并进行相应的推理、论证与评价等逻辑思维能力。

写作题部分考查考生的分析、论证能力和文字表达能力。

写作题目分两种类型。

一是论证有效性分析，论证有效性分析题的题干为一段有缺陷的论证，要求考生对此做出分析与评论。

分析与评论的内容由考生根据试题自己决定。

二是论说文，论说文的考试形式有三种：命题作文、基于文字材料的自由命题作文、案例分析。

每次考试为其中一种形式。

要求考生在准确、全面地理解题意的基础上，写出思想健康、观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面整洁的文章，鼓励考生结合实际发挥创造性。

2010 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试卷考生需知1. 选择题的答案须用 2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其他笔填涂的或做在试卷或其他类型答题卡上的答案无效。

2. 其他题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。

3. 交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。

否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___ by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _____3___ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is” ____4____” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization‟s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was___11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, it has____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding offSection ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby‟s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching mo re than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‟s sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‟s two biggest auction houses, Sot heby‟s and Christie‟s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie‟s chief executive, says: “I‟m pretty confident we‟re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many col lectors wanted to sell. Christie‟s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed forthis special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was refer red to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundam ental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can‟t figure out how to change people‟s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‟ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you‟ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn‟t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‟ lives, and it‟s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people‟habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on p eople‟buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‟s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer‟s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author‟sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‟s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection ⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2 .(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the la te 1990s selling insurance. He‟d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‟t go well. “It was a really had move because that‟s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job tr anslated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, …Just wait, you‟ll trun the corner, give it som e time.‟”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

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一．问题求解：第1-15小题，每小题3分，共45分，下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的，请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑1. 电影开演时观众中女士与男士人数之比为5：4，开演后无观众入场，放映一个小时后，女士的20%，男士的15%离场，则此时在场的女士与男士人数之比为(A)4：5 (B)1：1 (C)5：4 (D) 20：17 (E)85：642.某商品的成本为240元，若按该商品标价的8折出售，利润率是15%，则该商品的标价为(A)276元 (B)331元 (C)345元 (D)360元 (E)400元3.三名小孩中有一名学龄前儿童(年龄不足6岁)，他们的年龄都是质数(素数)，且依次相差6岁，他们的年龄之和为(A)21 (B)27 (C)33 (D)39 (E)514.在右边的表格中每行为等差数列，每列为等比数列，x+y+z=(A)2 (B)52 (C) 3 (D) 72(E)45.如图1.在直角三角形ABC 区域内部有座山，现计划从BC 边上某点D 开凿一条隧道到点A ，要求隧道长度最短，一直AB 长为5km ，AC 长为12km,则所开凿的的隧道AD 的长度约为(A)4.12km (B)4.22km (C)4.42km (D)4.62km (E)4.92kmAB D 图一C 6.某商店举行店庆活动，顾客消费达到一定数量后，可以在4中赠品中随即选取2个不同的赠品，任意两位顾客所选赠品中，恰有1件品种相同的概率是(A)16 (B) 14 (C)13 (D)12 (E)237.多项式 326x ax bx ++- 的两个因式是x-1和x-2，则第三个一次因式为(A) x-6 (B) x-3 (C) x+1 (D)x+2 (E)x+38.某公司的员工中，拥有本科毕业证，计算机登记证，汽车驾驶证得的人数分别为130.110，90，又知只有一种证的人数为140，三证齐全的人数为30，则恰有双证的人数为(A)45 (B)50 (C)52 (D)65 (E)1009.甲商品销售某种商品，该商品的进价每件90元，若每件定位100元，则一天内能售出500件，在此基础上，定价每增1元，一天能使少售出10件，甲商店获得最大利润，则该商品的定价应为(A) 115元 (B)120元 (C)125元 (D)130元 (E)135元10.已知直线ax-by+3=0(a>0,b>0)过圆224210x x y y ++-+= 的圆心，则a-b 的最大值为(A)916 (B) 1116 (C)34 (D)98 (E)9411.某大学排除5名志愿者到西部4所中学指支教，若每所中学至少有一名志愿者，则不同的分贝方案共有(A)240种(B)144种 (C)120种 (D)60种 (E)24种12.某装置的启动密码是由0到9中的3各不同数字组成，连续3次输入错误密码，就会导致该装置永久关闭，一个仅记得密码是由3个不同数字组成的人能够启动此装置的概率为 (A)1120 (B)1168 (C)1240 (D)1720 (E)3100013.某居民小区决定投资15万元修建停车位，据测算，修建一个室内的费用为5000元，修建一个室外车位的费用为1000元，考虑到实际因素，计划室外车位的数量不少于室内车位的2倍，也不多于室内车位的3倍，这笔投资最多可见车位的数量为(A)78 (B)74 (C)72 (D) 70 (E)6614，如图2，长方形ABCD 的两天边分别为8m 和6m ，四边形OEFG 的面积是42m ，则阴影部分的面积为(A)32 2m (B)28 2m (C) 24 2m (D)202m (E)162mDB F C15.再一次竞猜活动中，设有5关，如果连续通过2关就算闯关成功，小王通过每关的概率都是12，他闯关成功得该率为(A)18 (B) 14 (C) 38 (D)48 (E)1932二、条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。