摘要在油田生产中使用的管具很多,包括油管、套管等等。
油井作业结束后,油管和套管或多或少会沾满油污、水垢和氧化合物,影响下一次的使用。
若继续使用,则会是油田生产时间增加而影响到经济效益。
据考证,一个年产200万吨的小型油田,每年需要修复的油管约17万根,每根油管约500元,可以看出如果不修复,这将大大增加油田开发成本。
油田开发过程中引入了油管等管具的清洗流程,从而提高其经济效益。
油管的清洗方法也很多,主要的有加热清洗、化学剂清洗、物理清洗三大类。
从以往的清洗经验得知,加热清洗和化学清洗对环境的影响很大且效率不高。
为了改善清洗效率和质量,将高压水射流清洗技术引入了油田生产中。
高压水射流清洗在清洗过程中,对环境没有污染,对污垢的清洗能力较强,是一项理想的新型清洗技术。
在油田清洗中引入高压水射流清洗技术后,清洗时间明显缩短,清洗质量改善。
本文将对高压水射流清洗技术的一系列流程进行研究,基本包括清洗理论的研究、水射流清洗工艺等方面。
在充分理解其工作机理的基础上,找出影响水射流清洗的效率问题,并提出改善途径。
通过合理匹配清洗系统参数,提高清洗效率和质量,并在计算流体流动力学(CFD)对所选参数的清洗效果进行模拟。
模拟结果表明参数匹配基本合理,可以满足清洗要求。
关键词:油管;油管清洗;高压水射流;清洗工艺;数值模拟AbstractIn oilfield has used in production, including the tube coiled many, casing, etc.After the oil operation, tubing and casing more or less oily, scale and oxygen compounds, affecting the next use. If you continue to use, it will be time to increase oil production affects the economic benefits. According to research, an annual output of 2000000 tons of small oil fields, pipeline needs to be repaired every year about 17 million, the pipeline of about 500 yuan each, can be seen that if not repaired, it will greatly increase the oil field development costs.In oilfield development process has introduced the pipe tube cleaning process, thus improve their economic benefits. Cleaning method is also a lot of tubing, and they are heated cleaning, chemical cleaning, physics clean three categories. Learned from previous experience of cleaning, washing and chemical cleaning of heating a great impact on the environment and inefficient.In order to improve the efficiency and quality, cleaning of high pressure water jet cleaning technology introduced in oilfield production. High pressure water jet cleaning in the cleaning process, no environmental pollution, dirt cleaning ability, is an ideal new cleaning technology. Introduced in the oilfield cleaning high pressure water jet cleaning technology, cleaning time was shortened to improve cleaning quality.This article will high-pressure water jet cleaning technology to study a series of processes, the basic theoretical research, including cleaning, water jet cleaning process and so on.In the full understanding based on the working mechanism, affecting water jet cleaning efficiency, and put forward improving ways. Through the rational matching cleaning system parameters, improve the efficiency and quality, and clean in computational fluid flow mechanics (CFD) selected parameters to simulate the cleaning effect. Simulation results show that the basic parameters matching rational, can satisfy cleaning requirements.Keywords: tubing; pipe cleaning; high pressure water jet cleaning technology; numerical simulation目录摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)目录 (iii)1绪论 (1)1.1目前国内外油管清洗现状 (1)1.1.1国内现状 (1)1.1.2国外现状 (2)1.2目前油管清洗方法 (2)1.2.1化学剂清洗技术 (2)1.2.2中频感应加热清洗技术 (4)1.2.3高压水射流清洗技术 (5)1.2.4综合评价 (5)1.3研究内容及研究思路 (6)1.3.1研究内容 (6)1.3.2研究思路 (8)2高压水清洗技术理论 (9)2.1高压水射流基础知识 (9)2.1.1水的物理性质 (9)2.1.2高压水射流 (9)2.1.3水射流清洗机理 (11)2.2水射流结构 (12)3水射流清洗工艺 (14)3.1水射流清洗工艺 (14)3.1.1移动式高压水射流清洗 (14)3.1.2喷头自旋进给 (15)3.1.3管具旋转喷嘴进给 (16)3.1.4清洗的条件 (17)3.2水力参数及装置机械参数计算 (18)3.2.1水力参数计算 (18)3.2.2机械参数计算 (19)3.3清洗效率 (20)3.3.1影响清洗效率的因素 (20)3.3.2提高清洗效率的途径 (21)4射流系统参数优选 (23)4.1压力和流量 (23)4.2高压软管 (23)4.2.1高压软管规格选择 (23)4.2.2高压软管沿程损失计算 (25)4.3高压泵 (25)4.3.1高压泵基本参数 (25)4.3.2高压泵的选型 (26)4.4驱动机 (26)4.5喷嘴 (27)4.5.1喷嘴当量直径的选择 (27)4.5.2喷嘴参数计算及选型 (29)5喷嘴流场数值模拟 (30)5.1计算流体动力学控制方程 (30)5.2模型建立及边界条件 (33)5.2.1计算模型 (33)5.2.2计算边界条件 (34)5.3计算结果分析 (35)6结论 (37)致谢 (38)参考文献 (39)1绪论1.1目前国内外油管清洗现状1.1.1国内现状国内大庆、江汉等油田,从70年代后期开始研究旧油管修复工艺技术,并建立了简单的修复流水线。