一．选择题Unit21.While a _A_______ amount of stress can be beneficial, too much stress can exhaust you.A. moderateB. modernC. largeD. striking2. If you ____D_________ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. conductB. denyC. grantD. moderate3. The _____D___ year begins when school opens in September.A. studyingB. learningC. teacherD. academic4. The physicist needed more _C_______ before his theory could be accepted.A. financeB. publicationsC. evidenceD. recognition5. Students of __D______ grades are those studying in the first three grades of elementary school.A. entryB. basicC. mainD. primary6. The museum is ____B____ a valuable group of coins.A. displayingB. exhibitingC. presentingD. giving7. Many cookbooks have very ____C____ directions.A. commonB. confirmedC. complicatedD. compound8. The _____A___ for speeding is a fine of one hundred and fifty dollars.A. penaltyB. benefitC. criticismD. remedy9. The two brothers are very much _C______, not only in appearance but also in thinking.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. alive10. These areas rely on agriculture almost ___D__________, having few mineral resources anda minimum of industrial development.A. respectivelyB. relativelyC. incrediblyD. exclusivelyUnit31. Can you give me a (an) _____D________ of how much it will cost to take the journey?A. assessmentB. evaluationC. admissionD. estimate2. He badly _______D______ his back digging in the public garden on Children's Day.A. stretchedB. exertedC. pulledD. strained3. Drinking alcohol can ____B____ your ability to drive properly.A. effectB. affectC. removeD. avoid4. The purpose of the seminar is to train some of the employees to work ____A____ in the branch offices abroad.A. laterB. lateC. latelyD. latest5. Climate and weather affect every ____C____ of our lives.A. factorB. respectC. aspectD. consideration6. It might be _____C___ to give your attitude towards study a second thought.A. worthB. worthyC. worthwhileD. worthily7. Over half of the population of the country ____D____ in traditional sports.A. takesB. practicesC. goes forD. participates8. We must _____A___ a better way to save money if we are to buy a new house.A. work outB. work atC. work byD. work for9. The singer was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness ___B_____ by his lack of talent.A. thanB. so much asC. asD. more than10. These two areas are similar ___B____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A. to thatB. in thatC. besides thatD. except thatUnit41. In the 1700's North American colonists proclaimed their wealth and social __D______ by wearing elaborate clothing.A. responsibilityB. eventsC. organizationD. status2. This rapid growth has been achieved by a ________D_____ handful of people.A. simpleB. scarceC. slightD. bare3. I like my teacher, but feel no __A______ for her.A. affectionB. likeC. feelingD. motion4. Many old readers do not like the modern ____C____ of The Holy Bible; they've gotten used to the traditional one.A. publicationB. visionC. versionD. copyright5. She goes to the dentist to have her teeth ___D_____ twice a week.A. lookedB. watchedC. observedD. inspected6. You _____A___ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A. shouldn't have been followingB. shouldn't followC. mustn't followD. couldn't have been following7. I think I was at school, __B______ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.A. and thenB. or elseC. or soD. even so8. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ___C_____ his arguments in favour ofthe new theory.A. to be based onB. to base onC. on which to baseD. which to base on9. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested ____B____ at the next town.A. to stopB. stoppingC. stopD. having stopped10. The early pioneers had to __B______ many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go along withB. go throughC. go back onD. go intoUnit51. In theory every citizen in a democratic (民主的) country may ___B__ to the protection of the law.A. claimB. appealC. pronounceD. pray2. By __D___ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.A. railB. rudeC. rackD. rough3. They have ___A___ for the car to pick them up at the station.A. arrangedB. managedC. appointedD. borrowed4. Mike had dropped in to __A____ first hand how things were going on.A. inquireB. requireC. assignD. acquire5. Both sides exchanged their views on a wide ___D___ of topics they were interested in at themeeting.A. extentB. expandC. numberD. range6. He was a man of noble __A____. He came from an old and prominent family in Virginia.A. originB. sourceC. rootD. resource7. The manager promised to keep me ___C___ of how our business was going on.A. to be informedB. on informingC. informedD. informing8. What do you think of his proposal that improvement ___A____ in the old type of washer?A. be madeB. will be madeC. would be madeD. will have to be made9. The house was not very old. It _____B_____.A. ought not to have knocked downB. ought not to have been knocked downC. ought not to knock downD. ought not be knocked down10. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ___A____ the advertiserpays for message to be delivered.A. in thatB. whereasC. whichD. now thatUnit61. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a ___A___ operation, he quicklyrecovered his sight.A. delicateB. considerateC. preciseD. sensible2. Could you please ___B__ an appointment for me to see Mr. Smith?A. manageB. arrangeC. takeD. prepare3. Mr. Lewis broke the world __D____ for the 100 meters.A. markB. standardC. levelD. record4. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible ___B__ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.A. scalesB. patternsC. gradesD. ranks5. Last year the advertising rate ___A_____ by 20 percent.A. roseB. raisedC. arousedD. arose6. The guard walked through the train ____A__ everyone's ticket.A. inspectingB. overlookingC. reviewingD. analyzing7. Our holiday was ___A____ by showers of rain.A. spoiledB. destroyedC. crashedD. discouraged8. Students or teachers can participate in excursions (短途旅行) to lovely beaches around theisland at regular ____C____.A. gapsB. rateC. intervalsD. length9. We were tired of hearing him ______D__ about how strong he was.A. commentB. remarkC. referD. boast10. He played the guitar (吉他) so well that everyone was ___D____.A. affectedB. arousedC. effectedD. impresse二．阅读理解Unit1Today's trumpet (喇叭，小号) is one of the world's oldest instruments. It is the result of many centuries of development. Although it looks nothing like the ones of old days, there are many similarities. All trumpets are hollow tubes (管) They are all blown. And they all use the player's lips to produce their basic sound.The trumpet developed as players and makers worked to improve its design, size, shape, material, and method of construction. They wanted to create an instrument that would produce a beautiful and attractive tone, enable the performer to play all the notes of the scale, extend the range higher and lower, make it possible to play more difficult music, and in general, be easier to play well. The remarkable way in which the modern trumpet achieves these goals is a measure of the success of all those who struggled to perfect this magnificent instrument.The trumpet is actually the leading member of an entire family of related instruments. There are trumpets of several different sizes, and in several different keys. There are cornets (短号), bugles (军号), flugelhorns (粗管短号), and a number of others that are all similar to the trumpet in the way they are made and played.The trumpet family is much more than a group of related instruments that can stir one with their sound, or narrow tubes of metal capable of producing a variety of musical sounds. It is a link to many different periods of history and to people of many cultures. From the use of trumpets in ancient religious ceremonies to the part they play in modern rock bands, the trumpet family of instruments has much to tell about civilization and its development.1.How do trumpets all resemble each other?（C）A. They require the same force when blowing them.B. They make the same sound when playing them.C. They use a player's lips to make a sound.D. They have the same size of hollow tube.2.Why did players and makers want to improve the trumpet?(A)A. They wanted an instrument that'd be easy to play.B. They wanted an instrument to play easy music.C. They wanted an instrument of different sizes.D. They wanted an instrument that looked attractive.3.What is the trumpet the leading member of?(A)A. Trumpet family instruments.B. Remarkable instruments.C. Rock band instruments.D. Religious instruments.4.What is linked by the trumpet?(A)A. Different cultures.B. Different bands.C. Different tubes.D. Different ceremonies.5.What can trumpets tell us a lot about?(B)A. The sound of modern rock bands.B. The development of civilization.C. The different varieties of musical sound.D. The links between different people.Language is a way to communicate with each other. We started to learn language when we were born. However, people are used to speaking their native language, so immigrants are having many problems between the first generation and the second generation because they don't have the same native language. Also, the second generation is losing their identity. Especially in America, there are many immigrants that came from different countries to succeed in the States. Because they suffer in lots of areas such as getting a job and trying to speak English, they want their children to speak English, not only at school, but also at home in order to be more successful. Because of this situation, their children are losing their ethnic identity and, even more, they are ignoring their parents whose English is not very good.I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their new country, but this doesn't help very much in getting a good job. My aunt didn't teach Korean to her children in order to help them succeed in the US; she did so, hopefully, to help them establish a Korean identity. Though the second generation is born in the new country, they often get confused about their identity. My cousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, they felt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it just strolling around the street because they wore different clothes.We must realize that language is important and valuable for many reasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored by their children and to make their children understand their heritage by teaching them the parents' language. This is important in helping the second generation establish their identity.6.Which people are having trouble with language?(D)A. Natives.B. People of the 2nd generation.C. People when born.D. Immigrants.7.Why are children ignoring their parents?(C)A. Children have lost their identity.B. Parents cause children to suffer.C. They speak different languages.D. They have different job levels.8.The author's aunt taught Korean __D______.A. so she could preserve her languageB. so she would have a job in AmericaC. to help children succeed in their new countryD. to help children keep their Korean identity9.The author's cousins felt __A______.A. they were not similar to people in KoreaB. they could not get a job in AmericaC. it was all right to look and feel differentD. it was important to keep their identity10. A proper title for this passage is ___D_____.A. The Identity of the Second GenerationB. Korean Problems in AmericaC. Learning a New Language in the USD. Keeping Your Culture in a New LandUnit2Engineers of the WoodsIn the forests of North America, where the winters are often long and cold, small lakes can be found along the streams. Sometimes these lakes are natural, sometimes they are man-made, and sometimes they are the constructions of beavers (海狸). You can tell a beaver lake by its dam. To make the dams, the beavers lay sticks and branches on top of each other to form an effective barrier against the water of the stream. Near the dam the beavers lay sticks and branches. Usually this barrier is similar to a small island in a lake. This is the house where a beaver family spends the winter, protecting themselves from enemies and from the cold. The beavers are able to keep dry in the center of the house, which is above water level.The beavers work hard to make their house. They cut down trees, gather branches and put them together with mud. Most of the summer is spent on this kind of work, but in winter the beavers' work pays off. Their house protects them from bears as well as the cold.The beaver is related to animals such as rats and mice. The beaver, however, is much bigger than his relatives. An adult beaver may weigh more than 50 pounds, and his body may be about three feet long. His tail will add ten to twelve more inches to his length. His back feet are webbed, which help him swim rapidly. His front feet are similar to a pair of strong hands. With them he can carry wood and stones. His eyes, nose and ears are small, but he has two huge front teeth. These teeth are always growing, and he must keep them sharp by constant use. The teeth of an adult beaver are yellow from the bark of trees that he bites.Men attach great value to the beaver because beavers can be sold to make expensive clothing. Beavers have almost disappeared from Europe because trappers (设阱捕兽者) have killed so many of them. Beavers might easily have become extinct in America, too, but laws were passed to protect them before they were all killed.The beaver likes family life, and lives with the same mate all his life. Several young—usually two to five—are born every year. The little beavers stay with their parents fortwo years before mating and setting out on their own. They share the work of building dams, constructing homes and raising the young.When there are too many beavers in one place, some of them will group together in another place. They usually choose a spot near some fairly deep lake or river, where there are trees. The bark of trees is eaten as food. Then the wood is used for building.Sometimes the lodges are built on the bank of the water, but usually they are built on an island in the water. If there is no island already there, the beavers make one by piling sticks and mud on the bed of the river until the top is a few inches above the level of the water. The top is carpeted with small pieces of wood leaves. A roof of sticks and lots of mud is then built over this "floor". Food for the winter is taken to the lodge before the weather gets too cold. Some of it—the larger pieces—is stored on the bottom of the lake or river, near the entrance to a tunnel leading up to the lodge. There are sometimes several such entrances, under the surface of the water. Wood that is kept under water may be stuck in the mud, or weighted down with stones.Beavers prefer to work at night. One beaver, on a single night, can cut down a tree that is eight inches around. After cutting down the tree, the beaver cuts the trunk into pieces that can be carried. He uses these as the base for the dam. A small dam may be enlarged after several years, in order to flood a large surface and provide living space for more beavers. Under favorable conditions, a dam may last for a hundred years or more. Naturally, other animals use these dams as bridges, forcing the beavers to keep the dams in good repair. The dams must be strong enough to hold up against the pressure of ice in spring and sometimes, holes are made by the beavers, after heavy rains, to allow excess water to run off.Another type of work beavers do is canal digging. When they have used up the good trees near their home, they must bring more wood from farther away. To accomplish this, they may dig a canal (运河) to float the trees to the place where they are needed.Beaver dams help people because they prevent floods and bring water to farms. It is fortunate that these animals have not been allowed to disappear completely.1. The stick and branch dams made by beavers are similar to __________B______.A. houses where people spend the winterB. small islands in a lakeC. barriers against the water of the streamD. dams that are man-made2. Beavers spend most of the summer ___________B_____.A. hiding from bearsB. making their houseC. keeping coldD. looking for mice and rats3. To help it swim quickly, a beaver has __________D______.A. small earsB. strong front feetC. a long tailD. webbed back feet4. ________C________ have (has) protected beavers from becoming extinct.A. Family lifeB. EuropeC. LawsD. Trappers5. Beavers usually choose to live _____C___________.A. in one placeB. near some deep lakes or rivers with foodC. near some deep lakes or rivers with treesD. near the dams of rivers6. On the bottom of the lake or river, beavers store _____A___________.A. large pieces of foodB. small pieces of wood leavesC. wood and stonesD. sticks and lots of mud7. In only one night, a beaver can __float the trees__B_________.A. build a small damB. cut down a treeC. repair a damD. make more living space8. After heavy rains, beavers make holes in the dam to let excess water___ run off ___.9. Beavers dig canals to____ float the trees ___from the places farther away to the places where they are needed.10. Preventing floods and bringing water to farms are two ways that beaver dams__ help people__.Unit3So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake things for children that children can only do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible."Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: it can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public examination.If teacher and learner roles are distinguishable, how can teaching aid the child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children."When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ___B_____.A. it is one of the most difficult school coursesB. too much time is spent in teaching about readingC. students spend endless hours in readingD. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance2. The teaching of reading will be successful if ____A____.A. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingB. teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsC. teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD. teachers can make their teaching activities observable3. The word "examination" at the end of Paragraph 3 most probably means "____B____".A. inquiryB. observationC. controlD. suspicion4. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ____A____.A. children become highly motivatedB. teacher and learner roles are identicalC. teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD. reading enriches children's experience5. The main idea of the passage is that ____C____.A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC. reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD. reading is more complicated than generally believedSociety usually tends to focus on the negative side of inner-city schools. Many people like to stereotype (模式化) these schools which, while these general statements may be true in some cases, tend to be worse most of the time. People think that the students of these schools receive inferior educations. My school, an inner-city school named St. Ignatius, is regarded as one of the best in the state. People also believe that violence occurs on a daily basis, both in the school itself and in the nearby city. I cannot even remember a serious fight at St. Ignatius. People who think that the teachers at inner-city schools lack love for their job worsen this typical stereotype even further. My teachers not only had a love for teaching, but they were also able to cultivate a love for learning in their students.Take Mrs. Borroni, my Spanish teacher, for example. She would often take time out of her class to tell her students about the numerous activities after class with which we should get involved. She loved her job so much that she stayed after school every day to moderate activities such as "Amnesty International" (an international organization that protects human rights) and the Spanish Club. Her students, including me, joined all of the clubs which she moderated just because she made them so interesting.After reading all of this, most people would argue that St. Ignatius should not be considered a true "inner-city school". While this may hold some truth, I am arguing that my life was greatly enriched simply because of the school's location in the middle of Cleveland, as opposed to a poor suburban area.6. What do people often think negatively about? AA. Inner-city schools.B. Stereotypes.C. St. Ignatius.D. Violence.7. What can the author never remember seeing at St. Ignatius? BA. Amnesty International.B. A serious fight.C. A Spanish club.D. Inferior students.8. What would Mrs. Borroni do after school? CA. Give Spanish classes.B. Tell students about activities.C. Guide students in special groups.D. Help students love learning.9. Why might a reader of this article not view St. Ignatius as a real inner-city school? DA. It is not in the middle of the city.B. It is in a poor suburban area.C. It enriched the author's life.D. It might be better than others.10. How does the author feel about inner-city schools? BA. The stereotypes about them are not at all true.B. They are not necessarily all bad, as they can be good.C. They are much poorer than those in the suburbs.D. The students there are more enlightened.Before going to high school, I had a very simple view of life. I usually did not think about the subjects of crime, poverty, or homelessness. As far as I knew, these things did not exist. The area around my school forced my eyes open as early as the first day of school. On the long bus ride through the city, I saw homeless dogs walking the streets. I also clearly recall seeing a homeless person picking through a trash can for the first time ever. The poverty of the area around my school made me see how truly lucky I was. I now began to appreciate everything which had been handed to me in life. In the long run, this led me to put a lot more faith in God because of all that He had given me. I started going to religious services more often. This also indirectly led to my involvement in the community around the school.Students' lives become enriched simply by attending an inner-city school. When a person is exposed to city life, many different advantages can be gained. For someone who had lived in the suburbs all his life, such as myself, a new style of living can be experienced. This alone expands one's views of life in general. The religious aspect of my life grew, I was easily able to get involved in community service projects, and I became much more aware of the dangers which exist in the city. Going to school in the city helped me to overcome the simple views I once had, and I am now better prepared to take on the challenges which await me in life.11. What sort of school does the author go to? BA. A religious school.B. A high school.C. A community school.D. A school for poor people.12. What did the author begin to realize after she started attending her school? BA. The bus ride to her school was long.B. Crime, poverty, and homelessness really existed.C. Homeless people often eat out of the trash.D. Homeless people live with their homeless dogs.13. Why does the author think she is lucky? AA. She has a better life than many other people.B. She is a student at a very good school.C. She can learn a lot by studying in the city.D. She is involved in her community.14. Where does the author live? CA. In the inner city.B. On the streets.C. In the suburbs.D. At her school.15. How does the author feel about inner-city schools? DA. They are very dangerous.B. They are religious.C. They are prepared.D. They are very good in ways.Unit4In 1913, the United States government introduced a bold, new nickel. James Earle Fraser said his goal was to design a coin that would be "truly American." In his search for symbols, he found none more distinctive than the American buffalo. Choosing to show a Native American on the other side of the coin, Fraser said the new nickel had "perfect unity of theme." Production of "Buffalo" or "Indian Head" nickels began in February 1913. A single coining press at the Philadelphia Mint (造币厂) started turning out the nickels at the rate of 120 a minute. Butafter the first examples were introduced, The New York Times said they were "bad."Other critics said that the coin's "rough" surfaces would encourage counterfeiters (造假币的人). But the most serious complaint about the nickel had to do with its inability to stand heavy use. One coin collectors' magazine predicted that the slightest wear would remove the date and the words Five Cents "beyond understanding."In 1938, the Government staged a competition for a new nickel picturing Thomas Jefferson. According to a news item of the day, the Department of Indian Affairs didn't receive a single complaint from Native Americans about the design change. Collectors didn't seem to mind either.1. In the eyes of Fraser, a _____B_____ is the most distinctive.A. nickelB. buffaloC. Native AmericanD. unity of theme2. In the second sentence, Paragraph 2, the word "press" means ___C_____.A. publicationB. newspaperC. machineD. the act of pushing down3. The design of a buffalo was modified ___A_____.A. because it was not able to stand heavy useB. because the words Five Cents were "beyond understanding"C. because the coin couldn't be pressed by the Philadelphia MintD. because the words were too high on the coin4. According to one collectors' magazine using a Native American and a buffalo was __B______.A. a good ideaB. a bad ideaC. a perfect ideaD. a forced idea5. It seemed that the new nickel picturing Thomas Jefferson ___C_____.A. won much praise from collectorsB. caused strong protests from American IndiansC. was OK both to the collectors and American IndiansD. was praised both by the collectors and American IndiansTime passed and my cards sold well. My enthusiasm for the greeting card business grew quickly. All along, I had been drawing fantasy art: monsters, dragons, castles, etc. With the birth of my first son in 1980, the content of my work went through a pretty dramatic change. Fantasy went out of the window, and I began to illustrate reality.In the spring of 1983, we, The Mary Engelbreit Greeting Card Company, took our 12 little designs to New York to exhibit them at a national card show.I remember how big the show was. I just couldn't get over it. I had no idea there were so many different card companies. And it was exciting because our 12 little cards were getting a lot of attention in that huge place!I've been told one of the reasons we had so much success at that show is because my card style was different than anything else at the market. I typically draw complicated details and use deep colors and funny or meaningful quotations.By 1985, many greeting card publishers started noticing my art, and two of them approached me with licensing contracts.I have always believed if you choose a job you love, you'll never work a day in your life. If you ask about the mystery of my success, all I can say is this: to imagine is everything!6. Before the birth of her first son, Mary Engelbreit's cards focused on ______C__.A. realityB. daily lifeC. fantasyD. dragons。
