中国石油大学汉硕考研真题考试资料考试内容分析-育明考研考博_.

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑2014中国石油大学（北京）汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、百科:1文艺复兴2人文思想3启蒙运动4文心雕龙5道家6李彦宏7齐梁8南宋9丽江古城10纳西族11相对论12罗马法典13奥斯卡14慢慢想...二、小作文保护濒危动物倡议书三、大作文才与非才：碎木头在伐木工人眼中废物，在艺术家眼中是宝贝。

百科知识：京剧：又称“皮黄”，由“西皮”和“二黄”两种基本腔调组成它的音乐素材，也兼唱一些地方小曲调（如柳子腔、吹腔等）和昆曲曲牌。

它形成于北京，时间是在1840年前后，盛行于20世纪三、四十年代，时有“国剧”之称。

现在它仍是具有全国影响的大剧种。

它的行当全面、表演成熟、气势宏美，是近代中国戏曲的代表。

京剧是中国的“国粹”，已有200年历史。

另外，“京剧”也是一个网络用词，意思同“惊惧”。

昆曲：发源于14、15世纪苏州昆山的曲唱艺术体系，揉合了唱念做表、舞蹈及武术的表演艺术。

现在一般亦指代其舞台形式昆剧。

昆曲以鼓、板控制演唱节奏，以曲笛、三弦等为主要伴奏乐器，主要以中州官话为唱说语言。

昆曲在2001年被联合国教科文组织列为“人类口述和非物质遗产代表作”。

明朝汉族音乐以戏曲音乐为主。

明代人称南戏为《传奇》。

明以后，杂剧形渐衰落，《传奇》音乐独主剧坛，兼收杂剧音乐，改名昆曲。

针灸：针法和灸法的合称。

针法是把毫针按一定穴位刺入患者体内，运用捻转与提插等针刺手法来治疗疾病。

灸法是把燃烧着的艾绒按一定穴位熏灼皮肤，利用热的刺激来治疗疾病。

如今人们生活中也经常用到。

针灸由“针”和“灸”构成，是中医学的重要组成部分之一，其内容包括针灸理论、腧穴、针灸技术以及相关器具，在形成、应用和发展的过程中，具有鲜明的汉民族文化与地域特征，是基于汉民族文化和科学传统产生的宝贵遗产。

消费者价格指数：(Consumer Price Index)，英文缩写为CPI，是反映与居民生活有关的商品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑2014中国石油大学（北京）汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、百科:1文艺复兴2人文思想3启蒙运动4文心雕龙5道家6李彦宏7齐梁8南宋9丽江古城10纳西族11相对论12罗马法典13奥斯卡14慢慢想...二、小作文保护濒危动物倡议书三、大作文才与非才：碎木头在伐木工人眼中废物，在艺术家眼中是宝贝。

百科知识--------名词解释近代史事件皖南事变:1940年10月19日，蒋介石命何应钦、白崇禧以国民党政府军事委员会正、副参谋总长名义致电八路军朱德、彭德怀和新四军叶挺、项英，强令在黄河以南的八路军、新四军于1个月内开赴黄河以北。

11月9日，朱德、彭德怀、叶挺、项英复电何应钦、白崇禧，据理驳斥了国民党的无理要求，但仍答应将皖南新四军部队开赴长江以北。

而蒋介石对此不予理睬，仍按原定计划密令第三战区顾祝同、上官云相将江南新四军立即“解决”。

1941年1月4日，皖南新四军军部直属部队等9千余人，在叶挺、项英率领下开始北移。

1月6日，当部队到达皖南泾县茂林地区时，与国民党7个师约8万人短兵相接。

激战7昼夜，因众寡悬殊,弹尽粮绝，除傅秋涛率2000余人分散突围外，少数被俘，大部阵亡。

军长叶挺被俘，副军长项英、参谋长周子昆突围后遇难，政治部主任袁国平阵亡。

西安事变，又称双十二事变，是当时任职西北剿匪副总司令、东北军领袖张学良和当时任职国民革命军第十七路总指挥、西北军领袖杨虎城于1936年12月12日，在西安发动的直接军事监禁事件，扣留了当时任职国民政府军事委员会委员长和西北剿匪总司令的蒋中正，目的是“停止剿共，改组政府，出兵抗日”，西安事变最终以蒋中正被迫接受停止剿共一致抗日的主张，导致了第二次国共合作而和平解决。

九·一八事变,指1931年9月18日本在中国东北爆发的一次军事冲突和政治事件。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑2014中国石油大学（北京）汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、百科:1文艺复兴2人文思想3启蒙运动4文心雕龙5道家6李彦宏7齐梁8南宋9丽江古城10纳西族11相对论12罗马法典13奥斯卡14慢慢想...二、小作文保护濒危动物倡议书三、大作文才与非才：碎木头在伐木工人眼中废物，在艺术家眼中是宝贝。

英语形容词翻译英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。

本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。

一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句1.These goods are in short supply.这些货物供应不足。

2.This equation is far from being complicated.这个方程一定也不复杂。

二、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过最愉快的一天。

2.It is easy to compress a gas.气体很容易压缩。

三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构1.She spoke in a high voice.她讲话声音很尖。

2.This engine develops a high torque.这台发动机产生的转矩很大。

四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序1.a large brick conference hall一个用砖砌的大会议厅2.a plastic garden chair一把在花园里用的塑料椅子五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可将形容词译成动词1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。

中国石油大学考博英语真题及其解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precious to health.”But???_____some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does_____short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,____heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to____,a good laugh is unlikely to have_____benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.____,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the____,studies dating back to the1930’s indicate that laughter.muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state.______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted_______physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow.Although sadness also_______tears,evidence suggests thatemotions can flow_____muscular responses.In an experiment publishedin1988,social psychologist Fritz.1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6．[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11．[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in2009. For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interestingorchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time, attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the20th century. There recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances;moreover, they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.”But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving“to pursue my goal of running a company.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my decision,”McGee says. Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn’t alone.In recent weeks the No.2executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down23%from a year ago as nervous boardsstuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in2005with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are,but that’s been fundamentally inverted,”says one headhunter.“The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27.According to Paragraph2,senior executives’quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line3,Paragraph4)most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs:Where to Go?[B]CEOs:All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media–such as television commercials and print advertisements–still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users’responses.But in some cases,one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media–for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson, for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.Besides generating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’marketing,and mayhelp expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.In such a case,the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are[A]obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B]inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C]eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D]enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph2,sold media feature[A]a safe business environment.[B]random competition.[C]strong user traffic.[D]flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph3that earned media[A]invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B]can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C]may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D]deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A]responding effectively to hijacked media.[B]persuading customers into boycotting products.[C]cooperating with supportive consumers.[D]taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?[A]Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B]Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C]Dominance of hijacked media.[D]Popularity of owned media.Text4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking likethe suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive–and newly single–mom Sandra Bullock,as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom,or mom-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesn’t seem quite fair, then,to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids,but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course,the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic,especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all.No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their“own”(read:with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small,subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience,in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph2that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph3that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph4,the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)[A]No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities.You can,Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four.But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years.Not surprisingly,up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B]His concern is mainly with the humanities:Literature, languages,philosophy and so on.These are disciplines that are going out of style:22%of American college graduates now major in business compared with only2%in history and4%in English.However,many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses.But most find it difficult to agree on what a“general education”should look like.At Harvard,Mr Menand notes,“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C]Equally unsurprisingly,only about half end up withprofessorships for which they entered graduate school.There are simply too few posts.This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs.But fewer students want to study humanities subjects:English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71than they did20years later.Fewer students requires fewer teachers.So,at the end of a decade of theses-writing,many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D]One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate,taught in different schools.Many students experience both varieties.Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law,medicine or business,future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E]Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation,top American universities have professionalised the professor.The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process:federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and1990,but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career:as late as1969a third of American professors did not possess one.But thekey idea behind professionalisation,argues Mr Menand,is that“the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge,but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F]The key to reforming higher education,concludes Mr Menand,is to alter the way in which“the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise,academics will continue to think dangerously alike,increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry,at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens,Mr Menand dose not say.[G]The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas:Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere.For something curious has been happening in American Universities,and Louis Menand,a professor of English at Harvard University,captured it skillfully.G→41.→42.→E→43.→44.→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)With its theme that“Mind is the master weaver,”creating our inner character and outer circumstances,the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter,we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless;this allows us to think one way and act another. However,Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind,and(47)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone,in reality we are continually faced with a question:“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Allen concluded:“We do not attract what we want,but what we are.”Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement;you don’t“get”success but become it.There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person,they reveal him.”(48)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need,and a rationalization of exploitation,of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This,however,would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument.Each set of circumstances,however bad,offers a unique opportunity for growth.If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people,then humanity would never have progressed. In fat,(49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been“wronged”then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.Nevertheless, as any biographer knows,a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves.(50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us;where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.SectionⅢWriting51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1)recommend one of your favorite movies and2)give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2Do not sign your own name at the end of the er“LI MING”instead.Do not writer the address.(10points)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑2014中国石油大学（北京）汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、百科:1文艺复兴2人文思想3启蒙运动4文心雕龙5道家6李彦宏7齐梁8南宋9丽江古城10纳西族11相对论12罗马法典13奥斯卡14慢慢想...二、小作文保护濒危动物倡议书三、大作文才与非才：碎木头在伐木工人眼中废物，在艺术家眼中是宝贝。

翻译硕士词汇辨析1ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dimambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim这一组形容词都有“模糊”的意思。

ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。

obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。

该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。

The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。

vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do,but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑2014中国石油大学（北京）汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、百科:1文艺复兴2人文思想3启蒙运动4文心雕龙5道家6李彦宏7齐梁8南宋9丽江古城10纳西族11相对论12罗马法典13奥斯卡14慢慢想...二、小作文保护濒危动物倡议书三、大作文才与非才：碎木头在伐木工人眼中废物，在艺术家眼中是宝贝。

如何记忆翻译硕士英语常用词汇39.cond=hide，表示“藏”abscond v潜逃(abs离开+cond→藏起来离开→潜逃)recondite a深奥的(re一再+cond+ite→[意义]一再被藏起来→深奥的)condiment n调味品(cond+I+ment→藏起[坏味道]→调味品)40.corn=horn表示“角”unicorn n独角兽(uni一个+corn→一个角→独角兽)cornet n号角(corn+et表示物)cornucopia n丰饶角(corn+u+cop丰富+ia表示物→表示丰富的角→丰饶角;记：copious大量的)41.cosnt=world，表示“世界，宇宙”cosmic a宇宙的cosmos n宇宙cosmopolis n国际都市(cosm+o+polis城市→世界城→大都市)microcosm n微观世界(micro微小+cosm)macrocosm n宏观世界(macro宏大+cosm)42.crit，cris=judge，discern，表示“判断，分辨”critical a批评的;危险的(crit+ical)criticism n批评crisis n危机(cris+is→需要作出判断的时刻→危机时刻)criterion n标准，准绳(作出判断的依据)hypocrite n伪君子(hypo在下面+crit+e评判→在背后评判别人→伪君子)hypocrisy n伪善(hypo+crisy)43.culp=fault，表示“错，罪”culpable a有罪的;应受指责的(culp+able有…的)inculpate v归罪(in使+culp+ate→使[别人]有罪→归罪)exculpate v无罪释放(ex出+culp+ate→从罪中出来→无罪释放)44.cuss=shake，表示“摇动”concussion n冲击，震荡(con全部+cuss+ion→全部摇动→震荡)discuss n讨论(dis分散+cuss→分散敲击[问题]→讨论)percussion n撞击，震动(per从头到尾+cuss+ion→一直摇动→震动)repercussion n反响，影响(re一再+percussion→一再引起震动→产生的影响，后果)45.custom=habit，表示“习惯”customary a习惯性的customer n顾客(custom+er人→习惯(进商店的)人→顾客)accustorn v使习惯(ac使+cusrom→使习惯)46.cyn=dog，表示“狗”cynic n犬儒主义者(cyn+ic→象狗一样活着的人)cynicism n愤世嫉俗(cynic+ism→犬儒主义的cynosure n小雄星座，引人注目的人，(cynos[=cyn]+ure→形状像狗的小熊星座)47.demn=harm表示“伤害”condemn v谴责，指责(com共同+demn→共同伤害→谴责)condemnation n谴责indemnity n赔偿(物)(in不+demn+ity→使不受损害→赔偿)indemnify v赔偿(in+demn+ify)48.dens=make thick，表示“变浓厚”dense a浓密的density n比重;浓缩(dens+ity)condense v浓缩(con全部+dene浓缩→全部浓缩)densimeter n密度计(dens+I+meter测量计)49.dexter=right，表示“右边”dexterous a灵巧的，敏捷的(右手比左手灵巧)dexterity n敏捷(dexter+ity)ambidextrous a非常灵活的(amdi两个+dextrous→两只手都和右手一样灵巧)dextral a右边的;用右手的(dextr+al)50.di=day，表示“日，日子”diary n日记dial n日署meridian n日中，正午(meri中间+di+an→在日子中间→正午) antemeridian a午前的(ante前面+meridian→正午→在正午前面→午前) postmeridian a午后的(post后面+meridian正午→午后的)51.dole=grieve，表示“悲伤”doleful a悲伤的(dole+ful充满…的)condole v安慰，哀悼(con共同+dole→共同的悲伤→哀悼)indolence n懒惰(in不+dole+ence→[失败]不知道悲伤→懒惰)52.dom=house，表示“屋，家”dome n圆屋顶;大厦domestic a家里的;国内的(dom+estic表形容词→家里的)domesticate v驯养(domestic家里的+ate→使成为家里的→驯养动物) dominate v支配，统治(domin[=dom]+ate→像家长一样→统治) indomitadle a不可征服的(in不+domitadle可征服的)predominant a主要的，支配地位的(pre在前面+dominant支配的)53，dorm=sleep，表示“睡眠”dormitory n寝室，宿舍(dorm+itory表示场所)dormitive n安眠的(dorm+itve)dormancy n休眠;蛰伏(dorm+ancy)54.dox=opinion，表示“观点”orthodox n正统思想(ortho正+dox→正的观点→正统思想)heterodox n异端思想(hetero异+dox→异端思想)paradox n勃论，相矛盾(para半+dox→一半观点，另一半相反)55.draw=pull，表示”拉”drawdack n障碍，缺点(draw+duck→[把人]拉回来→缺点)drawl v拉长语调说话withdraw v撤回，缩回(with向后+draw→向后拉→撤回)56.drom=run，表示“跑”aerodrome n飞机场(aero空气，航空+drom+e→跑飞机之地)syndrome n综合症，症状群(syn综合+drom+e→[各种病]跑到一起) dromedary n善跑的骆驼(通常指用来赛跑的骆驼)dromometer n速度计(drom+o+meter测量计)57.cd=eat表示“吃”edible a可吃的，食用的(ed+ible能够…..的)inedible a不可吃的(in不=edible)edacious a贪吃的(ed+acious多…的)edacity n贪吃;狼吞虎咽(ed+acity表示多的状态)58.ego=l.表示“我，自己”egoism n利己主义egoist n利己主义者egocentric a自我中心的(ego+centric中心的)agomania n n.极端利己主义(ago+mania狂热病)59.emper，imper=command，表示“命令，统治”emperor n皇帝(emper+or人→命令之人→统治者)empire n帝国(empir=emper)imperial a帝国的(imper帝国+ial)imperious a专横的(相皇帝一样→专横的)imperative a命令的，强制的(imper+ative)60.(a)esthet=feeling，表示“感觉”aesthetic a审美的，美学的(对美有感觉)aesthetics n美学anesthesia n麻醉(an没有+esthes+ia病→没有感觉的病→麻醉) anesthetic n麻醉剂61.extr(e)，exter=out表示“出去”extra a额外的extraneous a不相关的(extr+aneous表形容词→出去的→不相关的) extreme a极端的(extr+eme表最高级→超出主题→极端的)extremity n非常手段(extreme+ity表名词→极端手段)external a外部的(exiern+al)exterior a外部的，外形的(exter+ior表形容词，如：interior内部的) 62.fabric=make，表示“制作”fadric n织物fadricate v捏造;制作(fabric+ate)prefabricated a预制的(pre预先+fadricate制作+ed表过去分词)63.fader=league，表示“联盟”federal a联盟的，联邦的federation n联盟，联合会(feder+ation)confaderate a联合的(con共同+feder+ate→共同联盟的→联合的)64.fend，fens=strke，表示“打击”defend v保卫，防御(de去掉+fend→去掉打击→打退敌人→保卫)defense n保卫(defend的名词)fend v抵挡，击退offend v冒犯，得罪(or一再+fend→一再打击[别人]→得罪)offensive a冒犯的(or+fens+ive)65.fess=speak，表示“说”confess v承认，坦白(con全部+fess→全部说出→坦白)comfession n坦白profession n职业(pro在前面+fess+ion→在前面说话→进入[律师，教师等]职业;参考：professor)professional a职业的professor n教授(pro在前面+fess说+or人→在前面说话的人→教授)66.fest=hostile，表示“仇恨”infest v大批出没;扰乱(in进入+fest→进入仇恨→扰乱)manifest a明白的，显然的(mani手+fest→仇恨得用手打→[恨]明显的)67.fest=feast，表示“节目”festival a节目，宴会(fext+ival表名词成形容词)festive a节日的(fest+ive)festivity n喜庆(feative+ity)festoon n张灯结彩(fest+oon表名词，如，cartoon漫画，(dalloon气球)68.fil，fili=thread表示“线条”filament n细线(fila+ment)filigree n金银细工(fili+gree[=grain颗粒]→金属的颗粒和线条串成一起→金银细工)filibuster v n.故意阻癌(fili+buster阻挡→用线档住→阻碍)profile n外形，轮廊(pro在前面+file→在前面的线条→轮廊)file n行列;档案filar a线状的69.firm=firm，表示“坚定”infirm a虚弱的;意志薄弱的(in不+firm)infirmary n医务室(infrm虚弱的+ary表场所→接纳虚弱者的地方→诊所) affirm v断言;证实(ar一再+firm→一再坚定地说→证实)affirmative a肯定的(affirm+ative)confirm v确定，证实(con全部+firm→全部坚定→确实)confirmed a坚定的;确认的资料来源：育明考研考博官网。

2016年中国石油大学翻译硕士(汉语写作与百科知识)考研大纲考研快讯，据中国石油大学(北京)外国语学院消息，2015年中国石油大学(北京)外国语学院翻译硕士考研大纲已发布，详情如下：055100翻译硕士科目名称：汉语写作与百科知识科目代码：448适用专业：翻译硕士参考书目：无一、考试性质和目的本考试作为全日制MTI入学考试的专业基础课考试，旨在测试考生百科常识和汉语写作水平，以考察考生的知识结构以及汉语基本功和应用能力是否达到进入MIT学习阶段的要求。

二、考试基本要求本考试范围包括以社会文化为主的百科常识和汉语写作水平，要求用汉语答题。

对考生基本要求如下：1.具备一定中外文化，以及政治、经济、法律、社会等方面的背景知识。

2.对作为母语的现代汉语有较强的基本功。

3.具备较强的现代汉语写作能力。

三、考试形式和内容本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合、单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法，侧重考察考生的百科知识和汉语写作能力，包括五个部分：百科知识、应用文写作、命题作文，满分为150分，考试时间180分钟(详见附表)。

I.百科知识1.要求要求考生对中外文化、国内国际政治、经济、法律以及中外人文历史地理等方面有一定的了解。

2.题型百科知识测试分为三个部分，第一部分为20道单项选择题;第二部分为20道填空题，第三部分为15道名词解释题，要求考生根据自身对百科知识的掌握相应作答。

II.应用文写作1.要求该部分要求考生根据所提供的信息和场景写出一篇300词左右的应用文，体裁包括说明书、会议通知、商务信函、备忘录、广告、推荐信、求职信、欢迎词等，要求言简意赅，凸显专业性、技术性和实用性。

2.题型试题提供应用文写作的信息、场景及写作要求。

III.命题作文1.要求考生应能根据所给题目及要求写出一篇不少于700字的现代汉语短文。

体裁可以是说明文、议论文或应用文。

要求语句通顺、用词得体、结构合理、文体恰当、文笔优美。

2.题型试卷给出情景和题目，由考生根据提示写作。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，重难点、考点笔记，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑2014中国石油大学（北京）汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一、百科:1文艺复兴2人文思想3启蒙运动4文心雕龙5道家6李彦宏7齐梁8南宋9丽江古城10纳西族11相对论12罗马法典13奥斯卡14慢慢想...二、小作文保护濒危动物倡议书三、大作文才与非才：碎木头在伐木工人眼中废物，在艺术家眼中是宝贝。

2016年背靠必备:翻译硕士考研高频词汇及缩略语表(精华)次级房贷subprime mortgage日本共同通讯社Kyodo News Service次区域合作sub-regional cooperation日本航空公司JAL（Japan Air Lines）次生地质灾害secondary geological disaster日本汽车标准化组织JASO（Japanese Automobile Standards Organization）从检票口通过get in through the wicket日本汽车工程师协会JASE（Japanese Society of Automobile Engineers）从轻处罚情节mitigating circumstances日美同盟Japan-U.S.alliance从人民的根本利益出发proceed from the fundamental interests of the people日益增长的物质文化需求growing material and cultural needs从事贸易engage in trade融资渠道financing channels从重处罚情节aggravating circumstances入户摸底调查door-to-door survey聪明才智得到充分发挥bring the talent and creativity into full play入籍证明Certificate of naturalization粗放集约经营extensive/intensive operation/入学须知information for admission粗放式发展extensive development入住率occupancy rate粗放性增长方式extensive mode of growth;inefficient model of growth软毒品；不易成瘾的毒品soft drug粗活menial activity软环境soft environment促进公共活动promote communal activity软件开发software development促进共同繁荣promote common prosperity软件开发工程师software developer促进国际关系民主化promote democracy in international relations软实力和巧实力soft power and smart power促进国际收支平衡maintain a basic balance in international payments瑞士联合银行UBS （United Bank of Switzerland）促进社会和谐稳定promote social harmony and stability三八红旗手March8Red Flag Bearer促进艺术交流promote artistic exchange三包包修包换包赔three guarantees（for repair,replacement or compensation of faultyproducts）催泪弹tear gas三个代表重要思想the important thought of Three represents存款法定准备金比率deposit reserve ratio三角债chain debts达到自给自足reach self-sufficiency三农agriculture,rural areas and farmers答辩权right of reply三网融合three network convergence/TCL convergence答谢宴会return dinner三一律(一个情节一个地点一个时间）the three unities打击取缔非法收入crack down on and ban illegal income三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprise or ventures打酱油see no evil/hear no evil/I’m just passing by散客odd customer;individual visitors打破地区封锁和行业垄断break regional blockades and trade monopolies丧失全部财产lose one’s shirt打破世界纪录break a world record森林砍伐和森林退化deforestation and forest degradation大包干all-round responsibility system/lump-sum appropriations operation森林砍伐速度deforestation rate大部分lion’s share森林蓄积量forest stock volume大城市人口metropolitan area population山寨copycatting大幅量化减排deep quantified emission cuts珊瑚白化coral bleaching大规模杀伤性武器weapons of mass destruction闪跳族habitual job hopper大海捞针look for a needle in a haystack伤不起to dedicate to bear a blow大韩民国ROK（Republic of Korea）商会chamber of commerce大麻烟叶Mary Jane商品保修期warranty period大满贯grand slam商品房commercial apartment大片好莱坞大片hit moive/Hollywood blockbuster/商品交易管理局美国CEA （Commodity Exchange Authority）大企业集团conglomerate商品经济commodity economy大容量高速率high-capacity and high-speed商务参赞commercial secretary大西洋两岸的分歧transatlantic divergence商务专员commercial attache大小孩kidult商业贷款business lending大学城Higher Education Mega Center商业周期business cycle大学生创业university student’s innovative undertakings商用通信服务commercial communications services大学水平考试CLEP（College Level Examination Program）上岸游行观光shore excursion大学先修课程考试(俗称测验)Advanced Placement Test,AP上铺中铺或下铺upper,middle or lower berth大众传播mass media上升段ascent stage大众媒体popular media上市公司listed company大众艺术pop arts上市股票listed shares（stock）代表on behalf of上诉法院appeal court代表团成员member of the delegation少不更事的青涩时代salad days代表作tour de force少年司法制度juvenile justice system代理agent社会保险账号SSN（Society Security Number）代理检察员acting prosecutor社会保障social security代排族hired queuer社会保障工作social security work代用币游戏币礼品券token（coin）/token for games/a gift token社会保障私有化social security privatization代孕surrogate births社会保障体系social security system带薪假期paid holiday社会保障支出social security expenditure待处理流动资产损失current asset losses in suspense社会惰性social weakening 待机模式standby mode社会工作者social worker单边行动unilateral action社会公共需要social needs单独二胎couples with one spouse being an only child are permitted to have two children 社会监管social supervision单双号限行规定an odd-and-even license plate rule社会健康保险social health insurance单位犯罪unit crime社会结构social structure单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP社会利益格局interests of different social groups单位国内生产总值能耗energy consumption per unit of GDP社会零售物价总指数general retail price index单位面积产量yield per unit area社会生产力social productivity弹道导弹ballistic missile社会事业体制social program system弹性外交elastic diplomacy社会消费函数community consumption function弹性预算discretionary budget社会心理承受力social acceptability淡季slack season/off-season社会心理底线"psychological bottom line"of society淡妆light make-up社会信用体系social credit system蛋白质工程protein engineering社会演变social evolution当代文艺思潮contemporary literary and artistic trend社会渣滓Bottom dregs当地艺人local craftspeople社会主义法治国家social country under the rule of law 当作耳旁风.turn a deaf ear to sth.社会主义核心价值体系core socialist values党纲party program社会主义核心价值体系core socialist values导弹防御missile defense社会主义荣辱观Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace 导航栏navigation bar社会主义现代化建设socialist modernization drive到岸价格 C.I.F（cost,insurance,and freight）社会主义新农村Socialist New Countryside资料来源：育明考研考博官网。