TOEFL ARGUMENT MODELSIn the reading material, the author raises three arguments to cast doubt on/ stress that/…. However/ Yet, the professor in the lecture states… to rebut/ confute the author’s arguments.Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly, the author claims/ indicates/ asserts/ shows/ demonstrates/ reveals that…. Yet/Whereas/Notwithstanding/Nevertheless， nonetheless, the professor stresses/argues/refutes/confutes that….(To sum up, according to the professor, the author’s arguments in the reading material are not convincing.)TPO 30In the reading material, the author raises three strong arguments to cast doubt on the existence of "burning mirror" in ancient Greek port city. Yet the professor in the lecture states that the burning mirror might have once appeared in history by refuting the author's arguments one by one.Firstly, the author claims that the technology was not that advanced to make such a precise device. However, the professor stresses that they did not need to use a whole single mirror to focus sunlight. Instead, experiments show that dozens of small polished copper may do the same job efficiently and the Greek mathematicians were excellent enough to accomplish it perfectly.Secondly, the author indicates that burning mirrors would take a long time to set the fire on the ship. Whereas, the professor argues that it takes long time to fire the wood but much less time to ignite other materials. One material called pitch could be ignited in a second and this way can a burning mirror be an effective weapon.Thirdly, the author asserts that burning mirror does not like an improvement and it would be less useful than flaming arrow. Notwithstanding, the professor refutes that since flaming arrows are usual weapons and Roman soldiers were familiar with them, burning mirror is much harder to be predicted and would surprisingly scare the enemy.With the rapid development of modern society, people with different occupations feel like more time to enjoy the beauty of life, such as travelling, reading books or learning a new skill. In this circumstance, a job with less hours a day but more days a week would take on too much days and seems less effective for people trying to fulfill something else. Thus, I support that it is more enjoyable to have a job where I work only three days a week for log hours than to have a job where I work five days a week for shorter hours.Admittedly, working shorter hours a day makes people feel relax and not that intense. When finishing work, people would possibly spend time having dinnerin a fancy restaurant or watching a warm movie at home, day by day. However, this does not allow people to do something cost more time at once and sometimes seems like a waste of life. Their spare time is separated into pieces and therefore it is impossible for them to own several days out of work and try a different life style.On the contrary, having a job with only three days to work on a week and four days free make other choices possible. As long as we have more than three continuous days free, we could easily set up travel plans and visit the places that we are always dreaming to but never have time. During the trip, we could set ourselves up for an entire relax, enjoy the beautiful scenes around, and make more friends out of work. Besides, the short vacation every week gives us the chance to learn new skills. For instance, we barely have time to cook ourselves before, but now we could even join in a cooking class and learn something delicious, not only for ourselves, but also for treating families and friends. In this way, life would become more colorful, which enhance the sense of satisfaction of our life.Moreover, focusing on one kind of work during a short time would improve the efficiency of work. Imagine that we could not finish the work in hand within the short working hours, the only way we handle this is to accomplish it the next day. Notwithstanding, when we come back to work the other day, we probably do not remember the details of the unfinished work clearly and the process of revising the work would certainly reduce the efficiency. In this case, long time concentrating on a job and not stop working until finishing it is a better way to be more effective.In summary, it is more enjoyable to have a job where I work only three days a week for long hours, which could give me more choice to enjoy my life.TPO 31In the reading passage, the author raises three arguments to oppose the idea that Sinosauroteryx was a feathered dinosaur. However, the professor in the lecture holds the opposite view and puts forward the evidence to confute the author's arguments.Firstly, the author indicates that fine lines may not be a representation of a living dinosaur but structures that formed after the animal's death. Yet, the professor shows that it is not likely the decomposition of the dinosaur’s skin because other animals at the same site did not leave decomposition as well. Besides, the skin structures of other animals are beautifully preserved, which reveals that the dinosaur’s lines are also well-preserved.Secondly, the author asserts that scientists think that the lines are frills. Whereas, the professor argues that lines contain the protein that is found in feathers but not frills, which indicates that the structures are feathers, not frills.Thirdly, the author claims that the structures represented by the lines in the dinosaur locate along the backbone and tail of the animal, which would havemade the structures useless for flight or thermoregulation. Notwithstanding, the professor refutes that feathers can be used for other functions such as display. Animals can use colorful feathers to attract mate and the dinosaur’s feather is colorful, which support the idea that they were feathers that dinosaurs use for display.TPO 32In the reading passage, the author puts forward three theories to explain the sources of the strange sounds detected by Russian submarines. Yet, the professor disagrees with the author for the following reasons.Firstly, the author indicates that the strange noises are caused by ocra whales, who live in the same area, during their courtship ritual. However, the professor argues that the orca whales live in the surface of the water while the submarines dive to the deep ocean and thus cannot hear the sound. Moreover, if the ocras are nearby, the sonar could detect them and get some recordings.Secondly, the author asserts that the sounds were caused by giant squids and could not be detected because they are invertebrates. Whereas, the professor refutes the sounds are recorded only during a certain period of time and the giant squids live there continuously making noises, which proves the noises recorded are not from giant squids.Thirdly, the author claims that the sounds could be from some military technology like another country's submarines. Nevertheless, the professor stresses that the recorded noises are moving around and are changing directions very fast, which the submarines could not accomplish. Besides, the submarines make engine noises that could not be avoided technically.Imagine the beginning of a day, we get up early and go to work by bus or by subway, with the cell phone on hand chatting with friends from the other city. When passing by a coffee house, we could easily buy bread as breakfast and a fresh day starts. These are all brought by modern technology and the development of the whole society. Without the change in the world, our life would be much boring and inconvenient, which possibly decreases the feeling of happiness. Thus, I could not agree with the statement that people are less happy and less satisfied with their lives than people in the past because of the world's changing so quickly.On one hand, the changing of the world shortens the time we spend in the daily life. Our lives have become more colorful and efficient than ever before. The Internet provide us to do shopping, check emails, and do research in a short time. Without the help of Internet, we are limited by the printed world, spending much time doing useless jobs like turning the pages or commuting from place to place. The developed transportation system allows us to travel all over the worldwithin a couple of days. The new personal computers create a digital world and make almost everything communicated in “cloud”. As long as we have a smart phone, the endless work would no longer be a problem because we could handle it anytime anywhere. In this way, an efficient world is created and people would accordingly feel happy because they could have spare time to accomplish their dreams beyond jobs.On the other hand, the fast changing shortens the distance between people, even if they are apart in the different side of the world. Thanks to the video technology, people separated apart could get in touch with each other via the computers, changing the news happening around and sharing their funny stories. Thanks to the development of airplanes, people commute in an easier way and could catch up to an entirely different conference in the same day. In addition, family members who do not live together have more chances to reunite without the worry about distance. Thanks to the Internet, people could get the information in time from other countries, especially the country they are interested in. As for us students, we are now able to know what is going on in the US and what to do in order to apply a graduate school there. These all are things that could make us happier.Admittedly, the life in the past is warm, simply and happy, with the whole family together, enjoying the hand-made delicious dinner, which is a scene of satisfaction. Whereas, with the changing happening around, we could have more choices and enjoy lives that are hardly to imagine before.In summary, I consider that the world now is more happy and satisfied than before.TPO 19In the reading passage, the author puts forward three critics to explain why buzzing should be banned. However, the professor in the lecture, who is a buzzer himself, confutes that the arguments the author mentions are misleading. Firstly, the author claims that consumers would not get the truth from people who are paid to praise the products. Yet, the professor argues that buzzers are not lying when talking with consumers. They are people who do use the products and really like the products, and they just tell others their own feeling. They are not paid for lying.Secondly, the author indicates that consumers would listen to buzzers' endorsements less critically since buzzers pretend they are just private individuals. Whereas, the professor stresses that consumers would not trust buzzers easily and would ask a lot of questions instead. They would not buy the products unless they are really satisfied with them.Thirdly, the author asserts that it will be harmful to the social relationships once we find the person we trust is a buzzer. Notwithstanding, the professor refutes that the company would not hire buzzers if their products were not good enough. In this case, the consumers usually get satisfying using experience and wouldtrust the buzzer even more.With the rapid development of the modern society, people are buried by more and more information everyday. However, we could not be well-informed if we only focus on one kind of news source. Without different sources, the information we obtain could hardly be complete. Thus, I agree with the statement that a person must get information from many different news sources in order to be well-informed.Admittedly, news happening each day is limited and the certain media company would select the most attractive and useful ones to display. Whereas, people of different ages, from various occupation have countless needs when reading news, which is not possibly met by one or two medias. Besides, news from different areas owns its specific stage. As long as searching for diverse sources, can one know the news of different categories.As for the traditional media newspapers, people who is older or have the special emotion would like it. Newspapers usually show the cases happened the day before, domestic or abroad. Most newspapers are formal and beautifully designed, which would appeal people feeling like to read quietly and alone. Yet, news in the newspapers is a little late compared to other medias and it is more like a way to relax than a way to get information.Another traditional media is the television. Televisions are necessary for almost every family as a way of learning as well as entertainment. It is more efficient than newspaper because the television could exhibit the news happened a couple hours ago. In addition, the television is more casual with gossip news in its programs. When watching televisions, people would be able to learn the latest news and enjoy the family time together. Notwithstanding, it could not be considered as an effective way to get information because it is impossible for us to have a TV on all the time.Therefore, we need a more efficient and convenient way to know information in time, which could be accomplished by cell phone and the Internet. With the help of the Internet, people send news occurred all over the world in a minute, filled with pictures and sometimes even videos. In this way, information is not just the passage we read every morning or the program we watch every night. It is now the information in hand. What a easy life we are enjoying now!As long as we obtain information from different sources together, could we be more informed. Traditional and modern ways provide more choices for us and we are capable to choose whatever we like in order to meet our satisfaction.In summary, getting information from mane different news sources is a necessary way to be well-informed.。
argument的形容词1. She is very argumentative and always wants to have the last word. 她非常好辩，总是想要争到最后一句话。
2. His argumentative attitude made it difficult to have a productive conversation. 他的好辩态度使得很难进行富有成效的对话。
3. The politician's argumentative speech failed to win over the audience. 这位政治家的好辩演讲未能赢得观众的支持。
4. During the meeting, John became argumentative and started to raise his voice. 在会议期间，约翰变得好辩并开始提高声音。
5. The students were argumentative about the best way to solve the math problem. 学生们就解决数学问题的最佳方法进行了争论。
6. The couple's argumentative behavior was causing stress in their relationship. 这对夫妇的好辩行为导致了他们关系中的压力。
7. My boss can be very argumentative, but I still respect his opinions. 我的老板可能很好辩，但我仍然尊重他的意见。
8. The debate team members were trained to be argumentative and persuasive. 辩论队成员接受了成为好辩和有说服力的培训。
9. His argumentative tone made it clear that he was not willing to compromise. 他的好辩语气表明他不愿意妥协。
单词argument是什么意思单词argument是什么意思argument是很常用的一个单词，我们一定要知道它详细的中文意思。
下文是店铺为大家准备了英文单词argument包含的汉语意思，希望能对大家有所帮助!argument的意思英 [ˈɑ:gjumənt] 美 [ˈɑ:rgjumənt]第三人称复数：arguments名词论据; 争论，争吵; [数]幅角; 主题，情节相关例句名词1. He went over line after line of wise argument.他浏览了一行行高明的论证。
2. We must settle this by argument not by fighting.我们应当用说服而不是用打架来解决问题。
3. The argument among the two parties was blown up by the press.双方的'争论被新闻界夸大了。
4. I accepted his argument that taxation should be increased.我接受了他提出的应该增税的论点。
5. There are many arguments against smoking.有许多理由反对吸烟。
argument的词典解释1. 理由;论据;论点An argument is a statement or set of statements that you use in order to try to convince people that your opinion about something is correct.e.g. There's a strong argument for lowering the price...有充分理由要求降低价格。
e.g. The doctors have set out their arguments against the proposals...医生们已经陈述了他们反对这些提案的理由。
