市场营销 英语论文
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英文市场营销策略范文Marketing StrategyIntroduction: In today's highly competitive business environment, having an effective marketing strategy is crucial for the success and growth of any organization. A well-planned and executed marketing strategy helps a company to identify and target its potential customers, differentiate its products or services from competitors, and ultimately drive sales and profitability. This essay will outline a comprehensive marketing strategy for a fictional company called XYZ Ltd., which operates in the technology industry.Target Market Analysis: Before developing a marketing strategy, it is important to identify and understand the target market. XYZ Ltd. primarily targets tech-savvy individuals aged 18-35 who are early adopters of new technologies. These individuals are highly active on social media platforms and are interested in the latest gadgets and innovations. They are educated and have disposable income to spend on high-end technology products.Marketing Objectives: The marketing objectives of XYZ Ltd. are as follows:1.Increase brand awareness among the target market by 20% within thenext year.2.Increase market share by 10% within the next two years.3.Increase customer loyalty and repeat purchases by 15% within thenext year.4.Increase online sales by 30% within the next year.Marketing Mix:1.Product: XYZ Ltd. will focus on developing innovative and high-quality technology products that meet the needs and desires of its target market. This includes smartphones, tablets, laptops, and smart home devices. Constant research and development will beconducted to stay ahead of the competition.2.Price: XYZ Ltd. will adopt a premium pricing strategy to positionitself as a high-end brand in the market. The price will reflect the quality and innovation of the products. In addition, periodic discounts and promotions will be offered to attract price-sensitive customers.3.Place: XYZ Ltd. will primarily sell its products through onlinechannels, such as its e-commerce website and third-party online marketplaces. This will ensure a wider reach and convenience for customers. In addition, partnerships with retail stores will be established to showcase the products and provide a hands-onexperience to customers.4.Promotion: XYZ Ltd. will utilize various promotional strategies tocreate brand awareness and drive sales. These strategies include: o Social Media Marketing: Engaging with the target market through platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.Regular posts, contests, and giveaways will be conducted tokeep the audience engaged.o Influencer Marketing: Collaborating with popular tech influencers and bloggers to endorse the products and reach awider audience.o Content Marketing: Creating informative and engaging content, such as blog posts, videos, and tutorials, toeducate and entertain the target market.o Public Relations: Partnering with relevant media outlets to get product reviews and features in magazines, newspapers,and online publications.o Events and Sponsorships: Participating in industry trade shows and sponsoring technology-related events to showcasethe products and build brand credibility.Marketing Implementation: To ensure the successful implementation of the marketing strategy, XYZ Ltd. will establish a dedicated marketing team responsible for executing and monitoring the various marketing activities. This team will work closely with the product development team to align marketing efforts with product launches and updates. Regular feedback and analysis will be conducted to measure the effectiveness of the marketing initiatives and make necessary adjustments.Conclusion: In conclusion, a well-defined and executed marketing strategy is essential for the success of any organization. XYZ Ltd. will focus on targeting the tech-savvy individuals aged 18-35 by developing innovative products, adopting a premium pricing strategy, utilizing online channels for distribution, and implementing various promotional strategies. By setting clear marketing objectives and continuously monitoring and adjusting the marketing efforts, XYZ Ltd. aims toincrease brand awareness, market share, customer loyalty, and online sales in the coming years.。
1. Executive summaryApple's new computer could erode sales of netbooks and tablet devices sold by PC makers, analysts say.Apple’s (APPL) new iPad, a lightweight device that browses the Web and delivers media, may serve as an alternative to netbooks and pose a threat to PC makers.Here are some of the markets in recent years about the situation iPad, marketing strategy and marketing mix.2. Situational analysis2.1 SWOT analysis2.1.1 Weaknesses:1. There are no facilities: Web Cam, so the limited support activities chat with your community.2. Operating System is not based on Mac Operating System, so questionable in terms of program development.3. Memory storage is too small. With a maximum capacity of 32 GB is too small for data storage for the needs of design, entertainment, and so forth, so that can not be said equivalent to a MacBook in terms of ability.4. with the number of applications over 140 items so extravagant in its users, and in addition it is also difficult to remove the battery.5. Multitasking capability is limited in; the more proves that iPad not synchronized with the notebook, because it is limited to the functional, so that it can be said iPad not a Smartphone, and not a notebook.6.Screen size is too small only 24.8 x18, 97×1, 34 cm, making uncomfortable when used for playing videos and reinforced by the lack of an HDMI port.2.1.2 Strengths:1.Sun screen effect: Many people are concerned about this, I specifically tested, the transferred to half brightness, almost no impact on reading, such as Transferred to the brightest, estimated effects will be much better, perfectly acceptable. Although the sun was not the kind of extreme midday sun, but the Asus notebook screen out a place to see do not have to read …2. batteries: batteries, do not know why some people say that the battery less than satisfactory, in fact, I play for a few days, feeling that the battery is very satisfied, continuous use are generally 8 hours or so right, the official data for the 10 hours, with WIFI + high-definition playback, then you may consume a little, feel, is the screen brightness on battery relatively large impact.3. USB charging: iPad directly through the USB connected to the Windows systems will not be charged, In the Mac system may be charged by USB. Some reports say that only under the Apple USB charger. I tested in my MacBook Pro under Windows7 does not work, estimates for the operating system instead of computer hardware, so Apple users can also charge the black bar.Headphones and speakers: iPad is not supplied headphones, and needs its own allocation. Headphone jack is a standard 3.5mm, can be connected to any headphone, and, like Apple'snotebook, iPhone's headphones as iPad remote control when the use of songs, seemingly M8 headphones can control it. Tone sounds and the iPhone is very similar to the high quality, there is not more evaluation.4.Data interface and charger: iPad use and iPhone, iPod Touch, like the data line, if you have these products, so congratulations to you, do not have extra time to go out with more than one line. IPod, like the appearance of power and very small, only iPad output current to be bigger, test iPod's power is also possible, but some of charging time president.5. Bluetooth: You can use any Bluetooth keyboard, needs a lot of code where the word is very convenient. Not tested Bluetooth stereo headphones, do not know whether to listen to songs.2.1.3 Opportunities:1. The door to video has been pried wide open—think video, video and more video at all levels of marketing.2. Mobile providers are taking one more step to being pure data providers. They have no choice—data wherever and whenever will be our reality and reaching people will only get easier.3. Advertising will evolve and create new opportunities to develop richer and more connected messaging. Check out Time’s thoughtful video below.4. If you can think of it, there will be an application to help sell it.5. The death march for bookstores will accelerate. Books will be cheaper and easier to access and start to integrate video. Yes my friend, Moby Dick and all your favorite classics will have embedded imagery.6. Words alone will feel naked. Expect commercials in books or contextual product placement.7. Hand out more shovels for the hole being dug for video stores. Just a few more feet to go.8. The movie studio will evolve into something else based on a different access and pay model.9. Look for vertical market applications that redefine entire industries. Start with healthcare.10. And of course, the bi ggest of opportunity of all: the idea that hasn’t be thought of (yet).2.1.4Threats:Besides the threat coming from the Amazons Kindle which has the same ability in the function that is as famous e-book, although in terms of design was mediocre. Amazon Kindle also have done backup on their online media from virus threats. Also in the sales package is cheaper than that sold iPad about $ 399, a book cover, power adapter, USB cable, Kindle Reader.In addition to the Amazon Kindle, iPad will get serious threat from Adam Notion inc in tablet PC format, and also has several advantages that can be claimed as iPad compete with NVIDIA chipset support is very supportive iperasional time so that more efficient, greater resolution is 1080 P compare with iPad only 576P/480P maximum resolution, and Adam tablet support Adobe Flash Player, and based on Android operating system. According to Adam’s plan will launch tablets in February 2010.Viewed from the development will be more interesting to see the Amazon Kindle, despite losing the specifications of the iPad, but by setting a price cheaper than iPad is a breakthrough from the Amazon, whereas the Adam Notion Inc that claims to have capabilities that exceed in the case iPad HDMI resolution, power consumption, to support applications, and operating system is still required proof of Adam’s side to compete with the iPad tablet PC segments. Having seen the development was not in accordance with iPad is heralded. One of themaccording to CEO Steve Jobs as saying Apple iPad is collaboration between the iPhone and the MacBook, just a large version of the iPhone, so that it can be said only iPad as tablet PCs. According iPad plan will be launched globally in March and April 2010. The specifications and from the observations are not in accordance with reality than not compatible with a variety of applications, licensing programs outside Apple, is also the threat from competitors' products.2.2 Industry analysisA company may play multiple roles; iPad current position in the market is mainly the market leaders and market challengers. The face of PC, iPad is the challenger; the face of other systems, Tablet PC, iPad is the leader. The market leader, in order to maintain its top position, can take three actions."Extension of the market: finding new customers develop new uses and improve product usage.Protection of market share: no status quo, innovation is the best defense strategy.Increase market share: product updates, quality strategy, multi-brand strategy, a large number of advertising strategies, strong sales promotion. "The role of challenger in the market does not have the winning conditions, do not easily play. But the market is unpredictable, iPad not necessarily always maintain the leading role, playing the Challenger is inevitable in every business, is the greatest challenge for iPad.2.3 Competitive analysisThe following are the five major competitors to iPad:2.3.1 RIM- PlayBook:About product performance and application, PlayBook may be more advantageous than the Samsung Galaxy Tab and may be the representative of the system configuration in the PC market. Of course, to buy Blackberry products not only its configuration, but also its professional performance in mobile communications and business applications. Especially it will be a right-hand man for business users, which is the largest advantage of PlayBook to competition.A)Strengths:1. Strong overall performance of products.2. The perfect support for Flash and Camera with Two HD-level3. Professional services on the e-mail.B)Weaknesses:1. On building sales channels are not professional.2. There are some limitations on the production is a very small part of the overall product to the mass market. Although PlayBook is not listed, but its hardware configuration is the current PC market to the highest standards, many users are looking forward to its actual performance. As the RIM's CEO Leslie Ball said "PlayBook three to four times faster than iPad."2.3.2 Android- Galaxy Tab:Galaxy Tab was seen as the most powerful and iPad competitive products in the current market. It is a branch of Samsung; Samsung has a strong technical base in the processor, display and production aspects of terminal equipment.A)Strengths:1. There are many alliances and partnerships, and product variety. Consumers have severaloptions for this product2. Wide product sales to attract more developers, the subsequent expansion of a large space.2.3.3 MeeGo:MeeGo have not yet produced the mainstream PC products. N900 listed before is more like a concept cell phone. MeeGo feature is that it implements the Maemo and MeeGo dual boot.A)Strengths:1. Products have a good compatibility and maturity of software and hardware.2. A large number of users of Nokia and the traditional PC industry's position of the Intel is another advantage.B)Weaknesses:1. Systems are imperfect and no actual product launch at all.2. There is no firm stance in improving the technical aspects of the system and lack of follow-up development efforts.3. Ovi without strong competitive platform for other products.2.3.4 WebOS:Although HP is the trump card, but the news spread very little about it with WebOS the PlamPad. HP previously announced that this product will eventually be used "Palm Pre" the trademark. It can be seen as Palm Pre larger version of the phone's screen and can provide a better view and more room for maneuver. Overall, PlamPad also difficult to leveraging iPad's position even more marginalized than MeeGo.A)Strengths:1. HP has great influence and improves the sales channels in the PC, consumer electronics and office equipment field.2. Palm still has a full appeal in the consumer groups.B)Weaknesses:1. It is not a competitive advantage when HP products in the market alone influence and Palm's development efforts.2. HP's product line is too wide to look after each other.2.3.5 Windows:A)Strengths:1. High market share and the user are very familiar to interface and applications.2. A variety of interfaces in the body and have good scalability.3. APP development easier, resources are more abundant.B)Weaknesses:Microsoft has strict rules in terms of design, which requires all devices Windows Phone 7 must have a good camera. One of the conditions, the camera must be at least 5 megapixels.The mobile for Windows Phone 7 limit to restrict camera access to a variety of applications. Thus, developers can not fully utilize the camera function.Although Windows Phone 7 device can record and upload videos and images, developers can not use image sensors to do other fun things like video chat.2.4 Customer analysis:Even though the iPad doesn’t officially become available for another week, awareness is strong among certain key demographic groups, according to a new report by leading market research company The NPD Group. NPD’s Apple iPad: Consumers’ Perceptions and Attitudes report found that awareness is highest among current Apple owners, (82 percent), consumers with $100,000 or greater income (80 percent), and 18-34 year olds (78 percent). Those demographic groups are the ones with the most interest in buying an iPad. Only 18 percent of all consumers surveyed expressed a real interest in owning an iPad while 27 percent of 18-34 year olds and 24 percent of Apple owners said they were extremely or very interested.One of the main reasons Apple owners are interested in the iPad is because it’s an Apple product. Thirty-seven percent cited “liking the Apple brand” as a top reason for their interest in the iPad. That tied with “multi-touch screen”, which was also the number one reason driving interest among 18-34 year olds. The 18-34 year old consumer is also the most likely to play music and access the internet on the iPad.For some consumers, and even among Apple owners, the prospect of spending $500 or more for a new device that doesn’t yet have a clear advantage over their other primary devices is unappetizing. Among the tech-savvy 18-34 year old demographic, 57 percent cited price as the number one reason they aren’t ready to buy; that’s 25 percent more than the overall percentage of non-interested buyers. Among Apple owners, 43 percent felt that the pricing was too expensive. But it’s not the price tag alone that’s making the iPad seem too expensive to these non-interested buyers. The other factor is that they are equating the iPad to a notebook or netbook replacement. Among 18-34 year olds and current Apple product owners “rather use a notebook or netbook instead” was cited by 51 percent and 44 percent respectively of those demographics as a reason not to buy.Even those key demographics who expressed the most interest in the iPad aren’t making a strong commitment to purchase an iPad in the near future and that mirrors what overall consumers are saying. When asked what the likelihood of purchasing an iPad in the next six months was, 9 percent of all consumers surveyed said they were “extremely or very likely” to do so, as did 10 percent of 18-34 years olds and 9 percent of Apple owners. But there were agreater number of consumers who were “not very likely” or “not likely at all” to purchase an iPad in the next six months. Sixty-six percent of both the all consumers surveyed and 18-34 year olds don’t foresee an iPad purchase in their future, and 60 percent of Apple owners felt the same way.2.5 Comments:Apple dominates the digital music market.Consumer focus, superb design and continuous innovation are the keys to Apple’s success.A healthy ecosystem has helped expand iPad’s use and spurred its rapid growth and adoption Content providers and competitive offerings pose a serious threat to iTunes but Apple has leverage to deal with it.Apple is well positioned to become the Entertainment Hub.3. Marketing Strategy3.1 Marketing and product objectivesMost of us who've been in the industry for more than the decade have an image of Mac market share: They're a niche product. Love them or hate them, they're boutique merchandise, with a few percentage points of market share. Macs are 5% of all computers as of January, according to NetMarketShare.However, let's take a closer look at those numbers: Apple's sales are skewed to premium PCs, priced at over $1,000. When you look at premium PCs alone, Apple has an astonishing 90% market share. That's right: Nine out of 10 PCs priced at $1,000 or more are Macs.But what does that do to my conclusion? I said Apple dominates the premium PC market, which is driving excellent revenue and profits, but that domination is dangerous. It doesn't leave Apple much room to grow in premium PCs. Moreover, premium PCs are a risky market to be in, because the growth is in under-$1,000 PCs and netbooks, a market in which Apple doesn't have many products.The iPad represents Apple's entry into the sub-$1,000 PC market, where there is much more room to grow.3.2 Market segmentation:Apple's product strategy is called a classic case of market segments. As far as possible with the traditional products in a different function to add more different is that Apple's strategy for a particular user experience based on user experience design products.When the mobility from the point of view. Similarly, Apple's products also include a variety of devices such as input from the keyboard and mouse to the multi-touch and so on. Apple's iPod player and iTunes use of vertical integration, with 160 million credit card users to establish a consumer relations, and provides a simple discovery, purchase and transfer of consumer experience. This is the key to Apple's market segmentation strategy can spread and coordination.3.5 CommentsGeneral Public is the BuyerApple must continually innovate and increase content to maintain market shareApple must maintain low price point avoid the public’s return to piracy4. Marketing mix4.1 Product:“A product is a bundle of attributes include features, functio ns, benefits and uses that exist for the purpose of exchange to satisfy both customer and organizational objectives. A product can be one or more of a good, an idea, an event, an activity, a person or an experience.”[2] Firms need to focus on the development, require products with a unique selling point.4.1.1 HardwareModel Wi-Fi Wi-Fi + 3G AnnouncementdateJanuary 27, 2010Release date April 3, 2010 April 30, 2010Display9.7 inches (25 cm) multitouch display at a resolution of 1024 ×768 pixels with LED backlighting and a fingerprint and scratch resistant coating.[9]Processor 1 GHz Apple A4 System on a chip Storage Fixed capacity of 16, 32, or 64 GBWireless Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n), Bluetooth 2.1+EDRGeolocationEnvironmental sensors Accelerometer, ambient light sensor, magnetometer (for digitalcompass)Operating iOS 4.2.1systemBattery Built-in lithium-ion polymer battery; (10 hours video, 140 hours audio,1 month standby)Weight 1.5 lb (680 g) 1.6 lb (730 g) Dimensions 9.56 x 7.47 x .5 in (243 × 190 × 13 mm)Mechanicalkeys Home, sleep, volume rocker, screen rotation lock, (mute switch oniOS4.2).4.2 Pricing:Pricing decisions are subject to an incredibly complex array of environmental and competitive forces.Price is most important for a product because it can help producer to attract customer and it can influence customer’s decision because it resembles what the buyer value most.As iPad starting price is only $499,forcing other firm, like ASUS and MSI, to adjust their tablet PC pricing strategy. Previously, Asus and other PC man ufacturers’ pricing strategy is that their Tablet PC price is 20%~30%lower than Apple, and they expected the price of Apple Tablet PC is $ 1,000.4.3 Place:The iPad represents Apple's entry into the sub-$1,000 PC market, where there is much more room to grow.4.4 PromotionWith Every iPad purchased during this road show will enjoy FREE 10GB usage and FREE activation for your YES Huddle. The YES Huddle of course is a mobile Wi-Fi/modem that allows you to create a Wi-Fi hotspot anywhere you are. With 4G spee ds, you’ll be able to surf at 4G speeds!4.5 Comments:In technology today, speed is the key to success in market competition. Of course, there are unanimously of the "vertical", there is the small thinks of the "Lien". Although these companies aim at iPad in the highly competitive and complex market, but there are too many competitors to divide up the market pie.We can best learn from Apple is do not wait until the new thinking about how to market and then sell it. If Steve Jobs said: If you wait until this time thinking about these issues, more than 80% of new products to fail5. Conclusion and Recommendation:Looking back, iPad kinds of problems there pick a piece online: Apple's phone can not play phone, laptop does not take the network cable, desktop can not play games, mp4 not see the video, mp3 sound not, Tablet PC u can not read disk, and these are nothing, nothing. Although exaggerated, but it also tells us the confusion of these non-fruit powderIPad listed on the Tablet PC Market in China is still huge. Mainly manifested in several ways: first, iPad through the influence of the Apple brand, effectively inspired the Chinese consumer, will range between mobile phones and notebook computers of mobile devices in the Chinese market had a literacy; s Second, so that China's Tablet PC business saw this vacancy blue ocean market outlook and situation. iPad after the release of huge sales, the demand that the tablet PC market is still very large; the third, iPad tablet PC market in China boost start. At present, China's Tablet PC market is still in its infancy, iPad appearance, opened the Tablet PC market space in China.References:1. ://wikipedia.jaylee /2. Principles of marketing eleventh edition by Philip Kotler & Gary Armstrong3. Foreign management section 2154. Computer News 47, paragraph 92。
市场营销专业描述英语作文Marketing is all about understanding consumer behavior and creating strategies to meet their needs and desires. It involves a deep understanding of human psychology and the ability to communicate effectively with a target audience.In today's digital world, marketing has evolved to include online strategies such as social media marketing, content marketing, and search engine optimization. These tactics allow businesses to reach a wider audience and engage with consumers on a more personal level.One of the key skills in marketing is the ability to analyze data and draw insights from consumer trends. This involves using tools such as Google Analytics, social media analytics, and customer relationship management (CRM) systems to track and measure the success of marketing campaigns.Successful marketing also requires creativity and theability to think outside the box. This can involve comingup with unique and attention-grabbing advertising campaigns, developing innovative product concepts, or creating compelling brand stories that resonate with consumers.In addition to creativity, marketing professionals need to have strong communication skills. This includes theability to write persuasive copy, create compelling visual content, and communicate effectively with team members and clients.Ultimately, marketing is about building and maintaining relationships with consumers. This involves understanding their needs and desires, communicating with them in a way that resonates, and continually adapting strategies to meet their evolving preferences.。
市场营销4p英语作文1. When it comes to product, it's all about creating something that meets the needs and wants of your target market. You need to think about the features and benefits that will make your product stand out from the competition. It's important to constantly innovate and improve your product to stay ahead in the market.2. Price is a crucial factor in marketing. You need to find the right balance between setting a price that is attractive to customers and also allows you to make a profit. Pricing strategies can vary depending on the market conditions, competition, and target customers. It's essential to regularly review and adjust your pricing to stay competitive.3. Promotion plays a key role in getting the word out about your product or service. You need to use a mix of advertising, public relations, and sales promotions to reach your target audience. It's important to create astrong brand image and communicate the unique selling points of your product through various channels.4. Place refers to the distribution channels you use to make your product available to customers. You need to carefully consider where and how your product will be sold to ensure maximum reach and convenience for customers. Whether you choose to sell through retail stores, online platforms, or direct sales, it's important to make it easy for customers to access your product.。
Marketing StrategyMarket Segmentation and Target StrategyA market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets.Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency.The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiple segment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails selecting two or more segments and developing a separate marketing mix to reach segment.Positioning the ProductManagement's ability to bring attention to a product and to differentiate it in a favorable way from similar products goes a long way toward determining that product's revenues.Thus management needs to engage in positioning,which means developing the image that a product projects in relation to competitive products and to the firm's other products.Marketing executives can choose from a variety of positioning strategies.Sometimes they decide to use more than one for a particular product.Here are several major positioning strategies:1.Positioning in Relation to a competitorFor some products,the best position is directly against the competition.This strategy is especially suitable for a firm that already has a solid differential advantage or is trying to solidify such an advantage.To fend off rival markers of microprocessors,Intel unched a campaign to convince buyers that its product issuperior to competitors.The company even paid computer makers to include the slogan,"Intel Inside" in their ads.As the market leader,Coca-Cola introduces new products and executes its marketing strategies.At the same time,it keeps an eye on Pepsi-Cola,being sure to match any clever,effective marketing moves made by its primary competitor.2.Positioning in Relation to a Product Class or AttributeSometimes a company's positioning strategy entails associating its product with(or distancing it from)a product class or attributes.Some companies try to place their products in a desirable class,such as"Made in the USA."In the words of one consultant,"There is a strong emotional appeal when you say,'Made in the USA'".Thus a small sportswear manufacturer,Boston Preparatory Co.is using this positioning strategy to seek an edge over large competitors such as Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger,which don't produce all of their products in the U.S..3.Positioning by Price and QualityCertain producer and retailers are known for their high-quality products and high prices.In the retailing field,Sake Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus are positioned at one end of the price-quality continuum.Discount stores such as Target and Kmart are at the other.We're not saying,however,that discounters ignore quality;rather, they stress low prices.Penney's tired—and for the most part succeeded in—repositioning its stores on the price-quality continuum by upgrading apparel lines and stressing designer names.The word brands is comprehensive;it encompasses other narrower terms.A brand is a name and/or mark intended to identify the product of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate the product from competing products.A brand name consists of words,letters,and/or numbers that can be vocalized.A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design,or distinctive color or lettering.A brand mark is recognized buy sight bu cannot be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.Crest,Coors,and rider for Ralph Lauren's Polo Brand.Green Giant(canned and frozen vegetable products)and Arm&Hammer(baking soda)are both brand names and brand marks.A trademark is a brand that has been adopted by a seller and given legal protection.A trademark includes not just the brand mark,as many people believe,but also the brand name.The Lanham Act of 1946 permits firms to register trademarks with the federal government to protect them from use or misuse by othercompanies.The Trademark Law Revision Act,which took effect in 1989,is tended to strengthen the the registration system to the benefit of U.S. Firms.For sellers,brands can be promoted.They are easily recognized when displayed in a store or included in advertising.Branding reduces price comparisons.Because brands are another factor that needs to be considered in comparing different products,branding reduces the likelihood of purchase decision based solely on price.The reputation of a brand also influences customer loyalty among buyers of services as well as customer goods.Finally,branding can differentiate commodities(Sunkist oranges,Morton salt,and Domino sugar,for example).PricingPricing is a dynamic process,Companies design a pricing structure that covers all their products.They change this structure over time and adjust it to account for different customers and situations.Pricing strategies usually change as a product passes through its life cycle.Marketers face important choice when they select new product pricing strategies.The company can decide on one of several price-quality strategies for introducing an imitative product.In pricing innovative products,it can practice market-skimming pricing by initially setting high prices to"skim"the maximum amount of revenue from various segments of the market.Or it can use market penetration pricing by setting a low initial price to win a large market share.Companies apply a variety of price-adjustment strategies to account for differences in consumer segments and situations.One is discount and allowance pricing,whereby the company decides on quantity,functional,or seasonal discounts,or varying types of allowances. A second strategy is segmented pricing, where the company sellers a product at two or more prices to allow for differences in customers, products, or locations. Sometimes companies consider more than economics in their pricing decisions,and use psychological pricing to communicate about the product's quality or value.In promotional pricing,companies temporarily sell their product bellow list price as a special-event to draw more customers,sometimes even selling below cost.With value pricing, the company offers just the night combination of quality and good service at a fair price. Another approach is geographical pricing, whereby the company decides how to price distant customers, choosing from alternative as FOB pricing,uniform delivered pricing, zone pricing, basing-point pricing, and freight-absorption pricing. Finally, international pricing means that thecompany adjusts its price to meet different world markets.Distribution ChannelsMost producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market.They try to forge a distribution channel—a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of marking a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumers or business user.Why do producers give some of the selling job to intermediaries?After all,doing so means giving up some control over how and to whom the products are sold.The use of intermediaries results from their greater efficiency in marking goods available to target markets.Through their contacts, experience, specialization, and scales of operation,intermediaries usually offer the firm move value than it can achieve on its own efforts.A distribution channel moves goods from producers to customers.It overcomes the major time, place, and possession gaps that separate goods and services from those who would use them. Members of the marketing channel perform many functions. Some help to complete transactions:rmation.2.Promotion.3.Contact:finding and communicating with prospective buyers.4.Matching:fitting the offer to the buyer's needs, including such activities as manufacturing and packaging.5.Negotiation:reaching an agreement on price and other terms of the offer so that ownership or possession can be transferred.Other help to fulfill the completed transferred.1.Transporting and storing goods.2.Financing.3.Risk taking:assuming the risk of carrying out the channel work.The question is not whether these functions need to be performed, but rather who is to perform them. All the functions have three things in common:They use up scarce resource, they often can be performed better through specialization, and they can be shifted among channel members.To the extent that the manufacturer performs these functions, its costs go up and its prices have to be higher. At the same time, when some of these functions are shifted to intermediaries, the producer's costs and prices may be lower, but the intermediaries must charge more to cover the costs of their work. In dividingthe work of the channel, the various functions should be assigned to the channel members who can perform them most efficiently and effectively to provide satisfactory assortments of goods to target consumers.Distribution channels can be described by the number of channel levels involved. Each layer of marketing intermediaries that performs some work in brining the product and its ownership closer to the final buyer is a channel level. Because the producer and the final consumer both perform some work, they are part of every channel.When selecting intermediaries, the company should determine what characteristics distinguish the better ones. It will want to evaluate the the channel member's years in business, other lines carried, growth and profit record, co-operativeness, and reputation. If the intermediaries are sales agents, the company will want to evaluate the number and character of the other lines carried, and the size and quality of the sales force. If the intermediary is a retail store that wants exclusive or selective distribution, the company will want to evaluate the store's customers, location, and future growth potential.Understanding the nature of distribution channels is important, as choosing among distribution channels is one of the most challenging decisions facing the firm. Marketing intermediaries are used because they provide greater efficiency in marking goods available to target markets. The key distribution channel function is moving goods from producers to consumers by helping to complete transactions and fulfill the completed transaction. Distribution channels can be described by the number of channel levels, which can include no intermediaries in a direct channel, or one to several intermediaries in indirect channels.PromotionPromotion is one of the four major elements of the company's marketing mix. The main promotion tools——advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling——work together to achieve the company's communications objectives.People at all levels of the organization must be aware of the many legal and ethical issues surrounding marketing communications. Much work is required to produce socially responsible marketing communicating in advertising, personal selling, and direct selling. Companies must work hard and proactively at communicating openly, honestly, and agreeably with their customers and resellers.市场营销策略一、市场细分和目标市场策略具有需求,具有购买能力并愿意花销的个体或组织构成了市场。
Marketing (English Version) In today's fastpaced business world, marketing plays a pivotal role in the success of any organization. It is theart and science of understanding customer needs and creating products or services that satisfy those needs. Effective marketing strategies can differentiate a brand, increase customer loyalty, and drive business growth. Let's delve into the key aspects of marketing and explore how it can benefit your business.Marketing (English Version)The Heart of Business GrowthAt its core, marketing is about building relationships.It's about connecting with your audience in a way that resonates with their values and aspirations. To achieve this, a holistic approach is essential, one that integrates traditional tactics with digital innovation to create a seamless and engaging customer experience.Understanding the Customer JourneySegmentation and TargetingNot all customers are created equal, and effective marketing acknowledges this diversity. Segmenting your audience based on demographics, psychographics, behaviors, or other relevant factors allows you to tailor your message todifferent groups. This targeted approach ensures that your marketing efforts are more relevant and, consequently, more effective.The Power of StorytellingStories are a universal language that can evoke emotions and create lasting memories. In marketing, storytelling is a powerful tool that can humanize your brand and make it more relatable. By crafting narratives that align with yourbrand's values and mission, you can forge a deeper connection with your audience and inspire them to take action.Leveraging Digital ChannelsMeasuring SuccessMarketing is an investment, and like any investment, it needs to be measured for return. Key performance indicators (KPIs) such as conversion rates, customer acquisition costs, and customer lifetime value provide a clear picture of your marketing efforts' effectiveness. By analyzing these metrics, you can refine your strategies, optimize your budget, and ensure that your marketing activities contribute to your business's bottom line.Continuous ImprovementMarketing (English Version)The Art of Persuasion and EngagementThe essence of marketing lies in its ability to persuade and engage. It's not just about selling products; it's about selling an experience, a lifestyle, and a vision. Here's how businesses can harness the full potential of marketing to achieve their goals.Crafting a Compelling Brand IdentityInfluencing Consumer BehaviorUnderstanding the psychology behind consumer behavior is crucial for marketers. By identifying the triggers that lead to purchasing decisions, you can design campaigns that nudge potential customers towards conversion. This involves not only the rational aspects of product features and benefits but also the emotional appeal that can often be the deciding factor in a consumer's choice.The Role of Content MarketingContent marketing is the strategic creation and distribution of valuable, relevant, and consistent content to attract and retain a clearly defined audience. It's about educating your customers, entertaining them, and providing solutions to their problems. From blog posts to videos, infographics to podcasts, highquality content can establish your brand as an authority in your industry and build trust with your audience.Collaborating with InfluencersCustomer Engagement and Retention Ethical Marketing Practices。
市场营销英语作文Marketing is like a big party where you're the DJ, trying to get everyone to dance to your tune. You need to know what songs people like, when to play them, and how to make the party rock. That's marketing in a nutshell.Selling a product isn't just about throwing it out there and hoping someone will buy. It's about telling a story, making a connection, and showing people why they need it in their lives. Like, imagine you're selling a new type of sneakers. You don't just say, "Hey, buy these!" You talk about how they're made, who designed them, and how they'll make you feel when you wear them.One thing I love about marketing is that it's always changing. You can't just do the same thing every time and expect it to work. You have to be creative, try new things, and see what sticks. It's like playing a game of trial and error, but when you hit on something that works, it's so satisfying.Another cool thing about marketing is that it's not just about selling stuff. It's also about building brands, creating a reputation, and connecting with people. Like, think about your favorite brands. They didn't just become popular overnight. They built trust, they stood for something, and they made people feel a certain way. That's the power of marketing.And don't forget about digital marketing! It's like having a magic wand that can reach people all over the world. You can post on social media, run ads, and even target specific groups of people with your message. It's amazing how far technology has come and how it's changed the way we market things.In。
市场营销英语的促销作文In the dynamic world of market competition, the art of promotion in marketing is akin to a maestro conducting an orchestra. Each element must be in harmony with the others, and the result should be a symphony that resonates with the audience, compelling them to act. 。
Effective promotion begins with understanding the customer. It's about identifying their needs, desires, and pain points. Once you have this insight, you can tailor your message to speak directly to them. This is where the language you use becomes crucial. It should not only inform but also inspire and persuade.Imagine a new smartphone entering the market. The promotion shouldn't just list features like '20MP Camera' or '128GB Storage'. Instead, it should paint a picture: "Capture life's fleeting moments in crystal-clear detail with our 20MP camera" or "Carry your world with you with 128GB of storage." This approach transforms mundane specifications into experiences and benefits that matter to the customer.Promotions must also be timely and relevant. They should leverage current trends, seasons, or events to make the product or service more appealing. For instance, a promotion for an accounting software during tax season could emphasize ease and accuracy: "Navigate tax season with confidence – our software ensures you don't miss a beat."Moreover, the call to action is the crescendo of the promotion. It should be clear, compelling, and easy to follow. Whether it's "Buy now and save 20%" or "Sign up today for a free trial," the call to action should make the next steps obvious and enticing.In crafting promotional content, simplicity is key. The message should be concise and to the point, avoiding jargon or complex language that could confuse the audience. The goal is to make the value proposition so clear that the customer feels they are making an informed and beneficial choice.Finally, consistency across all promotional materials reinforces the message and builds trust. Whether it's a social media post, an email campaign, or a billboard, the language and imagery should be cohesive, strengthening the brand and its promise.In conclusion, the essence of promotion in marketing lies in its ability to connect with the customer on a personal level, using language that is not just heard but felt. It's about creating a narrative that places the customer at the center, showing them how the product or service can enrich their lives. When done right, promotion doesn't just sell; it engages and transforms, leading to lasting relationships and brand loyalty. 。
------吴钩As the information technology has developed dramatically over the last decade,it is making a profound impact on every industry in the world and accelerating the shifts of people's life. Online retail sales continue to grow with each passing year(Nikolaeva et al.2009).As a result, the market competition in the retailing industry is becoming increasingly intensified because the e-business is booming.It is argued that online retailer will overtake the shop-front retailer as people are entering in the digital age,and e-business is leading to the restructuring the relationships between customers and shops(Daniel et al.2001).In this situation,traditional shop-front retailers should take some necessary changes in order to adapt to this transition in the digital age.Compared with online vendors and business,physical store retailers have some advantages and disadvantages.Fundamentally,physical stores are near to local community,purchasing is not time-delayed,and there are more contacts with local people.Physical stores also hold the benefits for the customers of assessing the goods through touching and feeling and providing easy return policy.In most people’s mind,traditional in-store shopping is less risky than online shopping(Nikolaeva et al.2009).On the other hand,they have some disadvantages in terms of product price,delivery to customers,inventory management cost,and options range. These weakness need to be improved if the shop-front retailer want counter-act the increased purchasing of products via the internet.Moreover,the advantages are necessary to be strengthened at the same time.Finally,it is strongly advised that these two business structures are not independent;the physical-store retailer can also employ electronic network tools and information technology to promote the sales and communicate with local customers (Armstrong et al.2012).Pricing and inventory level are critical decisions in retailing industry where the customers tend to be more price sensitive(Surti2009).Lower price on the internet shops is a very important reason why people choose shopping online.Consequently,Cutting down the price is an essential part in competing with online vendors.Inventory management is a very important perspective.Inefficient inventory management might incur more warehouse costand reduce the cash flow.The widespread use of computers and electronic scanners now enables businesses to install perpetual inventory system for inventory management.A perpetual inventory system provides better control over inventories than a periodic system (Chalmers et al.2010).Through the scanner and computer data,any shortage or overstock goods can be investigated immediately.Lower inventory managements cost can make a difference in the pricing decision.Another important reason for people to choose internet to buy products is the options range. In modern society,people have much more choices on the internet,such as and eBay,than in concrete shops.In this perspective,shop-front retailers obviously cannot provide as much products as internet and satisfy all the needs and wants for all the customers.Instead of overall targeting,the shop-front retailer can choose appropriate amount of customers that they can serve best.Concrete shops can specialize in their sales range,and in that range,they can provide the best choices for the target customers(Kotabe&Helsen2008).The physical store retailers can specialize in fresh good,electronics,or even apparel in order to serve local customers better than internet shops.For example,woolworths(2011)deliver fresh food to the local community,whereas the internet shopping rarely can guarantee fresh food to customers because of difficulties in transportation and food preservation.Time value is also very important concept in marketing.Purchasing is not time-delayed in physical store,which is believed to be an obvious advantage over the online shopping.The products that consumers cannot wait,for example fresh vegetable and meat,are opportunities for shop-front retailer. 'Time is money',for some customers,they do not want to wait for the delivery time;they prefer to go to the concrete shop,and then directly buy and take the products away.Placement decision of physical stores is also critical factor.Some people prefer delivering to door than going to the shop and carry bunches of products.There are three essential factors in retailing success:location,location,location(Armstrong et al.2012).According to this location principle,shop-front retailer should choose a convenient address for local people to access.Central business district,shopping center and suburb center are the ideal location for the retailer business(Armstrong et al.2012).Furthermore,it can provide home deliveryservice for some customers if they are willing to pay for the delivery cost.Last but not least,employing the digital marketing method is the necessary change for the traditional shop-front retailer nowadays.The internet technology is not constraint to the e-business.The shop-front retailer can also adopt the internet networks in order to strength the connection with the local community and communicate information about products. Woolworths(2011),Australian large retailer,set up'Woolworths online'website to present product brochures,provide information of special price and recipes for cooking.Instead of walking into the shop and scouring for the products in the supermarket,people can just sit at home and search the information of the products they need.By this means,Woolworths combines its advantages as a traditional retailer and the advantages of internet retailersExcept these improvements on the disadvantages,the traditional physical store retailers should also continue to perform better in the advantageous aspects.Shop-front retailer service is much more tangible than internet ones.The face-to-face talk and communication in the concrete shops are very important.The managers can organize some courses to improve the communication ability and service quality of employees.Good communication always tends to attract more business opportunities and potential customers(Overton2008).Online shopping is lack of these advantages and tends to be fewer real-life interaction.In conclusion,improving weaknesses and strengthening advantages are the main points.21st century is a digital age,purchasing online has already become a part of modern life.Although it is not easy to curb the online shopping,shop-front retailers can react to the situation by improving in the weak aspects,strengthening its advantages and delivering superior value to the customer.It is certain that any company which can satisfy the customers need and demand will exist in the marketplace(Kim2007).Shop-front retailers can keep improving the operations to satisfy the customer’s needs and wants in order to keep the market share.In the long run,it is believed that shop-front retailer and online retailer will coexist,and this situation will provide a better shopping experience for customers.Reference ListArmstrong,G,Adam,S,Denize,S&Kotler,P2012,Principles of Marketing,5th edn, Pearson Australia,Frenchs Forest NSW.Chalemers,K,Weygandt,JJ,Mitrione,L,Kieso,DE,Yuen,S,Kimmel,PD&Fyfe,M2010, Principles of Accounting,2nd edn,WILEY,Milton Qld.Daniel,E,Wilson,H,McDonald,M&Ward,J2001,Marketing Strategy in the Digital Age: Exploiting e-commerce in your business,Financial Times Prentice Hall,Harlow.Kim,MJ2007,'Consumer Perception of Apparel Products in Internet shopping',Doctor dissertation,Oregon State University,accessed02/05/2012,EBSCO HOST.Kotabe,M&Helsen,K2008,Global Marketing Management,4th edn,John Wiley,Hoboken, N.J.Nikolaeva,R,Kalwani,MU,Robinson,WT&Sriram,S2009,'Survival Determinants for Online Retailers',Review of Marketing Science,vol.7,no.1,pp1-21,accessed05/05/2012, EBSCO HOST.Overton,R2008,Customer Service for the21st Century,Sydney Business Centre,Paradise Point,Qld.Surti,C2009,'Pricing and Inventory Models For a Retailer',Doctor thesis,University of McMaster University,Ottawa,accessed03/05/2012,EBSCO HOST.Woolworths2011,Woolworths Online-That's My Woolies,accessed04/05/2012,.au/。
市场营销策略英文文献《Market Marketing Strategies》Marketing strategy is an essential component of any successful business. It involves the process of identifying the target market, understanding the needs and wants of the customers, and creating a plan to reach and satisfy those customers. Effective marketing strategies can help a business to differentiate itself from its competitors, attract new customers, and retain existing ones.There are several key elements to consider when developing a marketing strategy. First, it is important to conduct thorough market research to understand the target market and the competition. This includes gathering data on demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral factors that influence consumer behavior. With this information, businesses can tailor their products and services to better meet the needs of their customers.Next, businesses need to define their unique selling proposition (USP), which is what sets them apart from their competitors. This could be a combination of factors such as price, quality, customer service, or product features. Once the USP is identified, it can be incorporated into the brand messaging and used to differentiate the business and attract customers.Another important aspect of marketing strategy is to determine the best channels to reach the target market. This could include traditional advertising such as television, radio, and print, as well as digital marketing channels such as social media, email, andsearch engine optimization. By understanding the preferences and habits of the target market, businesses can allocate their marketing budget more effectively and reach potential customers where they are most likely to engage.In addition to reaching new customers, marketing strategies also focus on retaining and satisfying existing customers. This can be achieved through customer loyalty programs, excellent customer service, and ongoing communication to ensure customer satisfaction.Finally, it is important for businesses to continuously monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of their marketing strategies. This can be done through tracking key performance indicators such as customer acquisition cost, customer lifetime value, and return on investment. By analyzing this data, businesses can make informed decisions about where to allocate their marketing resources and make adjustments to their strategies as necessary.In conclusion, developing a strong marketing strategy is essential for any business looking to grow and succeed in a competitive market. By understanding the target market, differentiating the business from its competitors, and reaching and satisfying customers, businesses can position themselves for long-term success.。
Marketing Strategy1 Market Segmentation and Target StrategyA market consists of people or organizations with wants,money to spend,and the willingness to spend it.However,within most markets the buyer' needs are not identical.Therefore,a single marketing program starts with identifying the differences that exist within a market,a process called market segmentation, and deciding which segments will be pursued ads target markets.Marketing segmentation enables a company to make more efficient use of its marketing resources.Also,it allows a small company to compete effectively by concentrating on one or two segments.The apparent drawback of market segmentation is that it will result in higher production and marketing costs than a one-product,mass-market strategy.However, if the market is correctly segmented,the better fit with customers' needs will actually result in greater efficiency.The three alternative strategies for selecting a target market are market aggregation,single segment,and multiple segment.Market-aggregation strategy involves using one marketing mix to reach a mass,undifferentiated market.With a single-segment strategy, a company still uses only one marketing mix,but it is directed at only one segment of the total market.A multiple-segment strategy entails selecting two or more segments and developing a separate marketing mix to reach segment.2 Positioning the ProductManagement's ability to bring attention to a product and to differentiate it in a favorable way from similar products goes a long way toward determining that product's revenues.Thus management needs to engage in positioning,which means developing the image that a product projects in relation to competitive products and to the firm's other products.Marketing executives can choose from a variety of positioning strategies.Sometimes they decide to use more than one for a particular product.Here are several major positioning strategies:2.1 Positioning in Relation to a competitorFor some products,the best position is directly against the competition.This strategy is especially suitable for a firm that already has a solid differential advantage or is trying to solidify such an advantage.To fend off rival markers of microprocessors,Intel unched a campaign to convince buyers that its product is superior to competitors.The company even paid computer makers to include the slogan,"Intel Inside" in their ads.As the market leader,Coca-Cola introduces new products and executes its marketing strategies.At the same time,it keeps an eye on Pepsi-Cola,being sure to match any clever,effective marketing moves made by its primary competitor.2.2 Positioning in Relation to a Product Class or AttributeSometimes a company's positioning strategy entails associating its product with(or distancing it from)a product class or attributes.Some companies try to place their products in a desirable class,such as"Made in the USA."In the words of one consultant,"There is a strong emotional appeal when you say,'Made in the USA'".Thus a small sportswear manufacturer,Boston Preparatory Co.is using this positioning strategy to seek an edge over large competitors such as Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger,which don't produce all of their products in the U.S.2.3 Positioning by Price and QualityCertain producer and retailers are known for their high-quality products and high prices.In the retailing field,Sake Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus are positioned at one end of the price-quality continuum.Discount stores such as Target and Kmart are at the other.We're not saying,however,that discounters ignore quality;rather, they stress low prices.Penney's tired—and for the most part succeeded in—repositioning its stores on the price-quality continuum by upgrading apparel lines and stressing designer names.The word brands is comprehensive;it encompasses other narrower terms.A brand is a name and/or mark intended to identify the product of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate the product from competing products.A brand name consists of words,letters,and/or numbers that can be vocalized.A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design,or distinctive color or lettering.A brand mark is recognized buy sight bu cannot be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.Crest,Coors,and rider for Ralph Lauren's Polo Brand.Green Giant(canned and frozen vegetable products)and Arm&Hammer(baking soda)are both brandnames and brand marks.A trademark is a brand that has been adopted by a seller and given legal protection.A trademark includes not just the brand mark,as many people believe,but also the brand name.The Lanham Act of 1946 permits firms to register trademarks with the federal government to protect them from use or misuse by other companies.The Trademark Law Revision Act,which took effect in 1989,is tended to strengthen the the registration system to the benefit of U.S. Firms.For sellers,brands can be promoted.They are easily recognized when displayed in a store or included in advertising.Branding reduces price comparisons.Because brands are another factor that needs to be considered in comparing different products,branding reduces the likelihood of purchase decision based solely on price.The reputation of a brand also influences customer loyalty among buyers of services as well as customer goods.Finally,branding can differentiate commodities(Sunkist oranges,Morton salt,and Domino sugar,for example).3 PricingPricing is a dynamic process,Companies design a pricing structure that covers all their products.They change this structure over time and adjust it to account for different customers and situations.Pricing strategies usually change as a product passes through its life cycle.Marketers face important choice when they select new product pricing strategies.The company can decide on one of several price-quality strategies for introducing an imitative product.In pricing innovative products,it can practice market-skimming pricing by initially setting high prices to"skim"the maximum amount of revenue from various segments of the market.Or it can use market penetration pricing by setting a low initial price to win a large market share.Companies apply a variety of price-adjustment strategies to account for differences in consumer segments and situations.One is discount and allowance pricing,whereby the company decides on quantity,functional,or seasonal discounts,or varying types of allowances. A second strategy is segmented pricing, where the company sellers a product at two or more prices to allow for differences in customers, products, or locations. Sometimes companies consider more than economics in their pricing decisions,and use psychological pricing to communicate about the product's quality or value.In promotional pricing,companies temporarily sell their product bellow list price as a special-event to draw more customers,sometimes even selling below cost.With value pricing, the company offers just the night combination of quality and good service at a fair price. Another approach is geographical pricing, whereby the company decides how to price distant customers, choosing from alternative as FOB pricing,uniform delivered pricing, zone pricing, basing-point pricing, and freight-absorption pricing. Finally, internationalpricing means that the company adjusts its price to meet different world markets.4 Distribution ChannelsMost producers use intermediaries to bring their products to market.They try to forge a distribution channel—a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of marking a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumers or business user.Why do producers give some of the selling job to intermediaries?After all,doing so means giving up some control over how and to whom the products are sold.The use of intermediaries results from their greater efficiency in marking goods available to target markets.Through their contacts, experience, specialization, and scales of operation,intermediaries usually offer the firm move value than it can achieve on its own efforts.A distribution channel moves goods from producers to customers.It overcomes the major time, place, and possession gaps that separate goods and services from those who would use them. Members of the marketing channel perform many functions. Some help to complete transactions:rmation.2.Promotion.3.Contact:finding and communicating with prospective buyers.4.Matching:fitting the offer to the buyer's needs, including such activities as manufacturing and packaging.5.Negotiation:reaching an agreement on price and other terms of the offer so that ownership or possession can be transferred.Other help to fulfill the completed transferred.1.Transporting and storing goods.2.Financing.3.Risk taking:assuming the risk of carrying out the channel work.The question is not whether these functions need to be performed, but rather who is to perform them. All the functions have three things in common:They use up scarce resource, they often can be performed better through specialization, and they can be shifted among channel members.To the extent that the manufacturer performs these functions, its costs go up and its prices have to be higher. At the same time, when some of these functions are shifted to intermediaries, the producer's costs and prices may be lower, but the intermediaries must charge more to cover the costs of their work. In dividing the work of the channel, the various functions should be assigned to the channel members who can perform them most efficiently and effectively to provide satisfactory assortments of goods to target consumers.Distribution channels can be described by the number of channel levels involved. Eachlayer of marketing intermediaries that performs some work in brining the product and its ownership closer to the final buyer is a channel level. Because the producer and the final consumer both perform some work, they are part of every channel.When selecting intermediaries, the company should determine what characteristics distinguish the better ones. It will want to evaluate the the channel member's years in business, other lines carried, growth and profit record, co-operativeness, and reputation. If the intermediaries are sales agents, the company will want to evaluate the number and character of the other lines carried, and the size and quality of the sales force. If the intermediary is a retail store that wants exclusive or selective distribution, the company will want to evaluate the store's customers, location, and future growth potential.Understanding the nature of distribution channels is important, as choosing among distribution channels is one of the most challenging decisions facing the firm. Marketing intermediaries are used because they provide greater efficiency in marking goods available to target markets. The key distribution channel function is moving goods from producers to consumers by helping to complete transactions and fulfill the completed transaction. Distribution channels can be described by the number of channel levels, which can include no intermediaries in a direct channel, or one to several intermediaries in indirect channels.5 PromotionPromotion is one of the four major elements of the company's marketing mix. The main promotion tools——advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling——work together to achieve the company's communications objectives.People at all levels of the organization must be aware of the many legal and ethical issues surrounding marketing communications. Much work is required to produce socially responsible marketing communicating in advertising, personal selling, and direct selling. Companies must work hard and proactively at communicating openly, honestly, and agreeably with their customers and resellers.市场营销策略1 市场细分和目标市场策略具有需求,具有购买能力并愿意花销的个体或组织构成了市场。
市场营销英语的作文English:Marketing is a crucial aspect of any business, as it plays a significant role in reaching out to potential customers and convincing them to purchase a product or service. A successful marketing strategy requires a deep understanding of the target market, including their preferences, behaviors, and needs. It also involves creating a compelling value proposition that sets the product or service apart from competitors and appeals to the target audience. In addition, effective marketing requires clear and consistent messaging across various channels, such as advertising, social media, and public relations. It also involves constant monitoring and analysis of the market to identify opportunities and potential threats. Overall, marketing is about creating and delivering value to customers while also achieving the business objectives.中文翻译:市场营销是任何企业的关键因素,因为它在接触潜在客户和说服他们购买产品或服务方面发挥着重要作用。
Multi-dimension Benefits Lead to Brand ExtensionThe traditional view of marketing is that marketers used to succeed by providing superior products and other distinctive functional benefits. But today for such benefits can readily be imitated. Marketers must therefore find new ways of differentiating their products and services by identifying new customer benefits from the customer’s view. Basing on this background, some companies emphasize process benefits and relationship benefits or integrate them with functional benefits to reshape the three benefits combination to attract the consumers who value these new types of benefits as highly as functional ones. The basis for creating successful marketing strategies has expanded to three dimensions and consequently leads to brand extension.This essay aims at make a brief discussion on these issues. Process benefits and relationship benefits are critically analyzed firstly. Then maximizing value creation by identifying new customer benefits from the customer’s c ognitive space will be evaluated. Additionally, relevant brand differentiation and brand extension, the key to competitive advantage, will be assessed. In general, brand benefits deriving from adding dimensions to single functional benefits and resulting in strong brand ripple effect, are running through the whole article as a main clue.Today’s marketplace is fundamentally different as a result of major societal forces that have resulted in many new consumer and company capabilities (Kotler and Kevin, 2009). Consumers now tend to pursuit more convenience, pleasantness in consumption process except for high quality products and service. Their needs and wants, also says the consumers value, have expanded and updated to multi-dimensions including process benefits which make transactions between buyers and sellers easier, quicker, cheaper, and more pleasant and relationship benefits which reward the willingness of consumers to identify themselves and to reveal their purchasing behavior.Meanwhile, companies are finding the market environment increasingly complex and competitive (Reid, 2008). They struggle to market more distinctive offerings to satisfy consumer needs. Delivering multi-dimension benefits to customers is the key, realistic and feasible step. The ability of process and relationship benefits to transform the customer’s shopping experience is becoming more and more apparent (Court et al., 1999). IBM and AT&T, which are both significantly stronger in such elements than their competitors, illustrate the point well. The two companies communicate confidence: consumers feel that if they buy these brands, they will not go wrong; as the saying goes, "Nobody ever got fired for buying IBM." (Leiter et al., 2002).On the relationship benefit side,British Airways redesigned its cabins to offer the first flat beds in business class when other airlines merely increased the pitch or width of their seats. Virgin Atlantic Airways reinforced its famous "doing things differently" brand personality with a restyled "Upper Class" service that features "designer-styled" cabins, a sit-down bar, an in-flight massage service, and flat-bed seats (Aufreiter et al., 2003). British Airways has found that building relationships with its "premium customers" increased the amount of business generated by these customers by nine percent (Kristy, 2003).Just as the cases mentioned above indicated that, with the rapid development of the economy and modern industry, more and more excellent products are available. Consumers are more powerful, active and intelligent than ever before and are becoming more and more benefits sensitive to select the products and service between the different benefits.It is sure that customers are value maximizers and estimate which offer will deliver the most perceived value and act on it. These forces have created new opportunities and challenges, and marketing management has change significantly in recent years as companies seek new way to achieve marketing excellence (Kotler and Keller, 2009). Because a buyer’s satisfaction is a function of the product’s perceived performanceand the buyer’s ex pectations. Swanson and Kelley (2002) pointed out that high consumer satisfaction has many benefits for the firm, such as increased consumer loyalty, enhanced firm reputation, reduced price elasticities, lower costs of future transactions, and higher employee efficiency.Under this circumstance, in order to occupy market and achieve maximum profits, many companies began to rethink their strategies for future growth. In response to consumers’ multi-dimensions needs, it is important for companies to gain a thorough indepth consumer understanding which helps to make sure that the right products are marketed to the right consumers in the right way. To do this, the first step is market segmentation according to the consumer extending needs. A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants (Kotler and Keller, 2009). The core is to format corresponding branding extension to attract the consumers’ multi-dimensions needs.One research shows that consumers can be segmented by all three dimensions of benefit (functional, process, and relationship benefits) to create more complex and powerful maps of preferences. The size and nature of the important clusters vary substantially (Court et al.). So it is necessary and beneficial that a company needs to identify which market segments it can serve effectively. The most savvy marketers have fashioned hundreds of functional, process, and relationship combinations and identified a similar number of distinct consumer segments that might be attracted to them. A cell phone manufacturer looking for promising offerings in several profitable markets, for example, established cross-functional customer segment panels. With this information in hand, it was truly meeting the needs of target customer segments in critical markets (John et al., 2006). Such decisions require a keen understanding of consumer behavior and careful strategic thinking. The identification of customer needs in order to serve and build the value of customer segments is a major challenge that marketers encounter (Johnson and Schultz, 2004).Rather than creating the segments, the marketer’s task is to establish and deliver the distinctiv e benefits of the companies’ market offering to the exact segmentation. The choice of corresponding benefits to communicate and emphasize would seem to be especially important in situations where consumers may vary widely in the benefits sought and evaluate brands rather than products (Orth et al., 2004).In addition, the competitive advantage of successful products and service providers is often explained with a logic wherein offering contributes to customer value, resulting in increased satisfaction and behavioral intentions, eventually creating loyalty that manifests itself in enhanced profitability (Cronin et al., 2000; Slater and Narver, 1994; Wang et al., 2004). For example, Starbucks offers added cultural value to attract customers; BMW, Audi, and any other automobile companies, locate four ‘s’ stores in China to offer a comprehensive after-sale service and strengthen the brand image (Fisk, 2006).In another words, the more important thing for companies is put forth a customers value proposition, a set of distinctive benefits or benefits combinations they offer to customers to satisfy their cognitive needs. From the company's perspective, these buying motives should be captured in a customer value proposition (CVP), making it a strategic priority issue in areas such as segmentation, service development, and marketing communications (Rintamäki et al., 2007).According to the view of Anderson (et al., 2006), in order to differentiate itself from its competition, the company needs to have points of difference in its value proposition. In general, identifying customer value propositions begins with understanding the key dimensions of customer value that motivate the targeted customers, and development of customer value propositions benefits from hierarchical evaluation and combining of economic, functional, emotional, and symbolic customer value dimensions (Rintamäki et al., 2007). Foe example, creating functional value is often associated with products that meet the target customers' needs, and processesthat increase convenience at different stages of the shopping experience (Seiders et al., 2000). Tesco is a British retailer that has gained competitive advantage by creating superior value for its customers. Tesco's customer-focused commitment to provide customers value is summarized in the company's value proposition “Every little helps,” which is successfully communicated to customers as well as the employees.It is commonly acknowledged that effective marketing communications must recognize the relationship between a product/a brand and the consumption values or benefits consumers seek (Sheth et al., 1991). Because consumers can vary greatly in their value composition, they may seek a range of different benefits from products and brands and hence will react differently to marketing communications emphasizing selected brand benefits (Orth et al., 2004). So from a managerial point of view, extensions are more powerful when they are connected to the customer relationship and brand positioning (Davis and Halligan, 2002).It is clear that that every organization needs to develop strong brands as an essential part of their business strategy (Kay, 2006). It has been accepted that strong brand is a very important factor for a company to win the competition. Good brands make them win customer loyalty, and loyal customers will cost less to retain and service (Cheverton, 2000). It is an expression of competitive advantage. A brand is thus a product or service whose dimensions differentiate it in some way from other products and services designed to satisfy the same need (Kotler and Keller, 2009). From the customer's point of view, a brand can be defined as the total accumulation of all his/her experiences, and is built at all points of contact with the customer (Kapferer, 2004).To a successful branding marketer, it is vital to realize that customers must see any competitive advantage as a customer advantage. A strong brand identity that is well understood and experienced by the customers helps in developing trust which, in turn, results in differentiating the brand from competition. A company needs to establish aclear and consistent brand identity by linking brand attributes with the way they are communicated which can be easily understood by the customers (Ghodeswar, 2008). Southwest airlines gave a good example. Southwest airlines distinguished itself as a “fun” airlines and adopted “the first-come, first-served opini ng seating”. Southwest airlines is now the nation’s largest airline in terms of passengers flown a nd holds the distinction of being the only low-fare airline to achieve long-term financial success.Apart from that, effective brand extensions play a key role in the innovation and it is accepted by more and more companies. The established brand can easily be retrieved from memory and the extended brand can be more accessible than individual brands. Extensions are more powerful when they are connected to the customer relationship and brand positioning (Davis and Halligan, 2002).Meanwhile, McQuiston (2004) pointed out firms endeavor to create some form of brand distinctiveness to avoid their products being viewed as commodities. Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola have managed to maintain their brand differentiation, irrespective of the similarities of their physical product. In other words, differentiated brands can be based on a feature, service, program or ingredient (Aaker, 2003).In conclusion, consumers become much more dynamic than ever before, because of the constantly changing conditions and environments. Similarly, consumer behavior has made a tremendous changes compared with the past one. Mowen and Mino (2000) describe consumer behavior is defined as the study of the buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming, and disposing of goods, services, experiences and ideas. Incremental income and knowledge makes consumers’ consumption concepts and self-concepts become mature.Consequently, these changes profoundly impact on the consumer attitudes and behaviors to the traditional marketing. How to keep the consumer loyalty in these conditions is one of the challenges faced to the marketers. The traditional view of marketers being used to succeed by providing superior products and other distinctivefunctional benefits doesn’t work. As a result, the traditional commercial criteria and principles are facing with new challenges. This circumstance have driven more and more marketers to treat brand benefits deriving from adding dimensions to single functional benefits as their core of marketing programs. Firms often try to exploit their existing well-established brands by extending them into new product categories (Wu and Yen, 2007). Brand benefits integrate both functional benefit and process and relationship benefit i.e. emotional benefits that are relevant to the consumer, build on concrete and abstract attributes, are sufficiently known, and are perceived to be different from competition. Just as CEO of BP Browne said: in a global marketplace, branding is crucial in attracting customers and business. It is not just a matter of a few gas stations or the underpin everything that you do and every relationship that you have (Wheeler, 2003).Through launching new products under the parent brand, brand managers may gain several advantages: Not only are new products launched effectively and cost-efficiently, but the extended brand product may also help revitalize the parent brand or flagship products (Supphellen et al.,2004). From this point of view, marketing in three dimensions also means branding in three dimensions, which represents an opportunity to extend what a brand represents beyond narrow functional lines—and to gain leverage by doing so. This expansion of the branding space derived from adding dimensions to single functional benefits represents an enormous opportunity and may lead to marketing success. Therefore, any companies who want to survive and develop in this high competition marketing world should always keep consecutive efforts in establishing brand benefits and implementing brand extension.Words count: 2158REFERENCES:Aaker, D.A. (2003) The power of the branded differentiator. MIT Sloan Management Review,45 (1), pp.83-7.Anderson, J.C., Narus, J.A., and Van, R. W. (2006) Customer value propositions in business markets. Harvard Business Review, 84 (3), pp.91-97.Chailan,C. (2008) Brands portfolios and competitive advantage: an empirical study. Product & Brand Management, 17 (4), pp. 254-264./Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=Article&Fi lename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0960170405.htmlCheverton, P. (2000) Key Marketing Skills: A Complete Action Kit of Strategies, Tools & Models, Kogan Page, 2000,292.Cronin, J.J., Brady, M.K., Hult, G.T.M. (2000) Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments. Journal of Retailing, 76 (2), pp.193-218.Davis, S., Halligan, C. (2002) Extending your brand by optimizing your customer relationship. Consumer Marketing,19(1), pp.7-11.Ghodeswar, B. M. (2008) Building brand identity in competitive markets: a conceptual model. Journal of Product & Brand Management,17(1), pp.4-12./Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=Article&Fi lename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0960170101.htmlJohnson, C.R., Schultz, D.E. (2004) A focus on customers. Marketing Management, 13 (5), pp.20-72.Kapferer, J.N. (2004) Brand NEW world, brand equity. The Economic Times, 30.Keller, K. (2003) Brand Synthesis: The Multidimensionality of Brand Knowledge. Journal of Consumer Reserch, 29(3).Keller, K.L. (2003b) Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity. 2nd ed., Pearson Education, Harlow, pp.351.Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2009) Marketing management. In Ledward, R. and Moran, F. Economics and Marketing, Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Education Limited, P154.Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2008)Marketing Management. Pearson Custom Publication.p.360.Mark, J. K. (2006), Strong brands and corporate brands. European Journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), pp.742-760./Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=Article&Fi lename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0070400702.htmlMcQuiston, D.H. (2004) Successful branding of a commodity product: the case of RAEX LASER steel. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(4), pp.345-54.Mowen, J., Minor, M.S. (2000) Consumer Behavior: A Framework. New Jerse: Prentice—Hall, Inc.,Orth, U. R., M, Mina., Shellhammer, T., and Lopetcharat, K. (2004) Promoting brand benefits: the role of consumer psychographics and lifestyle. Journal of Consumer Marketing,21 (2), pp. 97-108./Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=Article&Fi lename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0770210202.htmlReid, M. (2008) Contemporary marketing in professional services. Services Marketing,22 (5), pp. 374-384.Rintamäki, T., Kuusela,H., and Mitronen, L. (2007) Identifying competitive customer value propositions in retailing. Managing Service Quality, 17(6), pp. 621-634./Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=Article&Fi lename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/1080170602.htmlSeiders, K., Berry, L.L., and Gresham, L.G. (2000), Attention, retailers! How convenient is your convenience strategy?. Sloan Management Review, 41(3), pp.79-90.Sherrington, M. (2003) Added Value: The Alchemy of Brand-Led Growth, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 21-49 .Supphellen, M., Eismann, Ø., Hem, L. (2004) Can advertisements for brand extensions revitalize flagship products? An experiment., International Journal of Advertising, 23 (2), pp.173-96.Swanson, S.R. and Kelley, S.W. (2001) Service recovery attributions and word-of-mouth intentions. Marketing, 35 (1/2), pp.194–211.Vargo, S.L., Lusch, R.F. (2004), Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68 (1), pp.1-17.Wheeler, A (2003) Designing Brand Identity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Wu, C. and Yen, Y. (2007), How the strength of parent brand associations influence the interaction effects of brand breadth and product similarity with brand extensionevaluations. Product & Brand Management,16(5),pp.334-341.Bibliography:Dibb, S., Simkin, L., Pride, W. M., and Ferrell, O. C. (2001) Marketing:concept and strategies. 4th ed.,New York: Houghton Mifflin.Anderson, J. C., Narus, J. A., and Narayandas, D. (2008) Business market management. 3rd ed., Pearson Education Ltd..Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2008) Marketing Management. Pearson Custom Publication.译文:多维利益引起品牌延伸传统的营销观念是卖主通过提供优质的产品或者其他特殊的功能性利益来成功进行营销。
与市场营销有关的英文作文Marketing is all about understanding the needs and desires of consumers and creating products or services that fulfill those needs. It's about connecting with people on a personal level and persuading them to choose your brand over others. In today's competitive market, it's crucial to have a strong marketing strategy in place to stand out from the crowd.One key aspect of marketing is branding. Branding is not just about having a catchy logo or a memorable slogan. It's about creating a unique identity for your brand that resonates with your target audience. A strong brand can evoke emotions and create a sense of loyalty among consumers. It's about creating a story that people can relate to and making your brand a part of their lives.Another important aspect of marketing is market research. Understanding your target market is essential for developing effective marketing strategies. Market researchhelps you identify consumer preferences, trends, and competitors in the market. It allows you to tailor your marketing efforts to meet the specific needs of your target audience. By conducting market research, you can gain valuable insights that can help you make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition.In today's digital age, online marketing plays acrucial role in reaching and engaging with consumers. Social media platforms have become powerful tools for marketers to connect with their target audience. It allows brands to interact with consumers in real-time, build relationships, and create brand advocates. Online marketing also offers the opportunity to track and measure the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, allowing marketers to make data-driven decisions and optimize their strategies.One effective marketing technique is influencer marketing. Influencers are individuals who have a large following on social media platforms and can sway the purchasing decisions of their followers. Collaborating with influencers can help brands reach a wider audience andbuild credibility. It's about leveraging the influence and trust that influencers have built with their followers to promote your brand or product.Lastly, customer relationship management (CRM) is a vital component of marketing. Building and maintaining strong relationships with customers is crucial for long-term success. CRM involves understanding customer needs, providing personalized experiences, and addressing any concerns or issues promptly. It's about creating a positive customer experience that leads to customer loyalty and advocacy.In conclusion, marketing is a dynamic and multifaceted field that requires a deep understanding of consumer behavior and effective communication strategies. It's about creating a strong brand identity, conducting market research, leveraging online platforms, collaborating with influencers, and prioritizing customer relationships. With the right marketing strategies in place, businesses can effectively connect with their target audience and drive growth.。
Marketing(From: Sun Kun of Accounting English, 2008.)Marketing is a group of interrelated activities designed to identify consumer needs and to develop,distribute,promote,and price goods and services to satisfy these needs at a profit.Whether an organization is large or small,whether it produces a product or provides a service,its long-range future is linked to successful markting practices.The old saying "Build a better mousetrap and the world will beat a path to your door"is not true. "They" must need the product,know about it,be able to get it when and where they want it,and be able to afford it.Marketing provides the means to make the organization successful in the long run.1.The Marketing ConceptMarketing was unheard of in the early 1900s. This period can best be described as one where far more people needed consumer goods than companies were able to manufacture.This intense demand on manufacturing led to organizations dominated by production management. Companies had a production orientation: where the number one priority is to produce a good to keep up with demand. All energies and talents were laced in the production function. Selling a good was incidental; determining consumer needs was unheard of.As manufacturers increased their production capabilities,the supply of goods available increased and inventories of goods developed. An emphasis on selling occurred. This need to sell led to a sales-dominated company-a sales orientation,whereby the energy of the company is focused on selling the products produced. The salespersio's job:(1)to make the desires of the consumers "fit"the products the company manufactures and (2)to convince the consumer to buy. The company's goal:to"send the out full and bring it back empty."As more producers began competing for consumer dollars by making such high-demand products as automobiles,vacuum cleaners,and refrigerators,the supply of goods began to exceed the demand. Companies had to find a way to identify consumer demand.Company profits.Companies that are marketing oriented have adopted a philosophy for the firm known as the marketing concept.The marketing concept is a belief that the companyshould adopt a companywide consumer orientation directed at long-range profitability.It includes the belied that all efforts of the organization should be directed at identifying and satisfyingProduction OrientationCompanies were essentially production-oriented from the latter part of the nineteenth century to about 1920. Emphasis was placed on filling the demand for basic commodities. The typical family had little discretionary income and there was little demand for products not associated with filling those basic family requirements.Demand was usually supplied by the producer's perception of what consumers needed. Product design and product line decisions were heavily influenced by manufacturing considerations.Management attention was directed primarily toimproving production methods,increasing output,and lowering costs. Sales OrientationThe period of sales orientation covered roughly the years from 1920 to 1950.With the exception of the years of the Grat Depression ,this period was characterized by gradually rising discretionary income,emerging demand for products,increasing competition,and the expansion of distribution channels.Although product decisions continued to be dominated by what the manufacturing department wanted to make ,the role of sales became increasingly important. With the production department capable of tuning out increasing quantities of goods through mass production techniques,company success began to turn on the ability of the sales force to move inventories.Market OrientationCovering the years from about 1950 to 1970 ,this period was characterized by a continuing shift in business emphasis to understanding and reacting to changing markets.The dramatic rise in consumer discretionary income following World War II created demand for new products and services. The mobility provided by mass ownership of automobiles encouraged the development of suburbs, new shopping patterns, and changes in distribution methods. Markets became more segmented and more complex. Product life cycles shortened.With these conditions,production people no longer were in a position to determine accurately what would sell. Selling skills were no longer sufficient to overcome the problems created when products were not attuned to a more discriminant market demand. In order to provide a better fit between marketdemand and company offerings-and in order to provide for better coordination of marketing activities-companies reorganized and assigned increased responsibilities to the marketing department.Marketing took on the role of analyzing markets and interpreting the needs, and manufacturing departments. More sophisticated aproaches were developed to fulfill the traditional marketing roles of product promotion and the management of distribution channels. The role of marketing in pricing increased.And finally, the marketing department became the focal point for the development of corporate strategies needed to adjust to market change.Societal OrientationWhen managements adopted the marketing concept, they could not foresee the environmental problems or the changes in society's values that would raise questions about the market orientation philosophy. In terms of what we now know about pollution, the finiteness of raw materials, and the apparent inability of our economic system to eliminate poverty, some people question whether what is good for the individual consumer is always good for society.Increasingly, national policy-and, in turn, business policy-is tempering concern for the consumer with concern for society as a whole. Thomas A. Murphy, chairman of General Motors, addressed this dilemma when he said , "We may have let ourselves grow out of touch with the customer's need for continued satisfaction in a time of heightened expectations and the society's concern for environmental improve-ment and energy conservation."Marketing policies attuned to serving the market as the market wants to be served continue to represent modern company policy. But we are also seeing market-oriented decisions modified by societal concerns, as a result both of law and of responsible management policies.2.Channels of distributionEfficient production methods, coupled with skilful marketing ,may have ensured that we can produce goods or services cheaply and that there is a market for them. There remains the vitally important question of how we actually get our goods and services to the customer.Direct sales to CustomersThis ,of course, is the oldest form of distribution and in many trades it remains the most important. However, it can be a very awkward one in somebusinesses such as manufacturing. Customers especially private buyers, are unlikely to go to a factory to buy what they want, and manufacturing firms , at least one company seeking to sell its chains of petrol filling stations in the mid 1980s.There are other trades where producers sell directly to customers. In some cases this is because producers find it advantageous to control the final retail stage and be in a position to offer a complete service, including after-sales service,to the customer.In other industries producers may sell directly to consumers through factory shops, farm shops ,"pick-your-own" arrangements at farms,by mail order or any other scheme that business ingenuity may devise.Organized MarketsAfter direct selling ,markets represent the oldest form of trade from producer to consumer. Here we have in mind not the ratail mardets found in many towns on "market days" but the markets where producers and traders, especially the traders in commodities make their deals . These markets , located in many of the world's major trading centers , including London where most of the main British commodity exchanges are found ,bring together producers and traders who wish to buy in bulk for onward Distribution to the final customer.By commodities we mean goods such as tin, copper , zinc and other metals or bulk foodstuffs like tea, coffee, wheat and cocoa. What distinguishes commodities is that they tend to be sold on the basis of objective descriptions , such as " Brazilian coffee" or "Sri Lankan tea", rather than according to some brand name, though, of course, the experienced buyer will be able to distinguish high and low quality goods according to their source or to a wholesaler.WholesalingThe markets we have just outlined are wholesale markets . Wholesaling involves purchasing goods in large quantities from the producer or importer and selling in smaller quantities to the retailer, or sometimes, to another wholesaler or dealer. A service is provided as the producer prefers to deal with large orders and the retailer in smaller purchases. There are ,however, other services provided by wholesaling besides this 'breaking bulk.Conventional wholesaling has declined in importance in recent decades. The functions of wholesaling still have to be undertaken but are now often less important than in the past and where they remain essential are often carried out by manufacturers, or, more noticeably, by retailers. The growth of large chains inretailing has often been made possible by the incorporation of wholesaling and retailing within the one organization.Develoments in production methods, in transport and communications have all contributed to this process . When flour was sold by millers in large sacks, breaking bulk was a necessary service for small shops selling to ordinary households. Modern machines have no difficulty in packing flour in paper bags at the end of the production line. Motorway transport, the telephone and telex have brought retailer and manufacturer closer together and the wholesaler's warehousing is not always essential to bridge the gap between them. AgentsAgents may offer an alternative to wholesalers. An agent acts on behalf of another, the principal. The role of the agent in distribution is to take over the work of distribution from the manufacturer. In some ways agents may act much like a wholesaler; in other ways they may act like a retailer and sell to the final customer. Agents can be particularly important in servicing foreign markets where they have special local knowledge.FranchisingThis is a growing form of distribution. A franchise gives the sole right to serve a locality with a particular good or service. Agents often hold sole franchises.The modern trend in franchising is for producers carefully to develop and market the product, including the organization of advertising,and then to leave the retail stage to a franchised independent firm. The franchise holder normally has to pay for the franchise. In return they receive a wide range of services from the producer. The shop will be laid out according to a distinctive pattern. Special equipment will be provided,training given and exclusive supplies of materials provided.Franchising has been particularly important in some service trades such as fast foods. Its supporters claim that it combines the individual'entrepreneurship' of the independent franchise holder with the economies of large scale production, advertising and so on. It also provides a role for small firms and personal initiative in an economy which often seems to be dominated by large organizations . The system's critics claim that large producers favor it as it gives them retail outlets and retail management at very low cost. It can also lead to frustrated expectations among the franchise holders who will never truly be 'their own bosses.The marketing MixAs with all business decisions, there is no one right form of distribution andno one right approach to marketing a firm's products. Indeed a single firm may choose different ways of marketing different products. Marketing and distribution managers must choose a combination of different strategies in response to an environment in which a number of forces, many of them beyond their control, are at work. The chosen marketing mix (or market mix) of price, distribution channel, advertising and product promotion must be the result of careful analysis of the environment, the available strategies and the nature of the firms product.市场营销市场营销是一组相互关联的活动,用于确定消费者的需求并对商品和服务进行开发、分销、促销和给产品和服务定价,从而在赢利的前提下满足这些需求。
市场营销英文作文Marketing is all about understanding the needs and wants of customers. It's about creating products and services that people actually want to buy, and then finding ways to let them know about it.In today's digital age, social media plays a huge role in marketing. It's a way for companies to connect withtheir customers on a more personal level, and it allows for instant feedback and interaction.But traditional marketing methods are still important. Things like print ads, TV commercials, and billboards are still effective ways to reach a large audience.One of the most important aspects of marketing is branding. A strong brand can set a company apart from its competitors and create a sense of trust and loyalty among customers.Marketing is also about staying ahead of the curve.It's about keeping up with the latest trends and technologies, and finding new and innovative ways to reach customers.Ultimately, marketing is about creating value for both the customer and the company. It's about finding ways to meet the needs of the customer while also achieving the goals of the business.。
市场营销组合理论英语作文Marketing mix is a crucial concept in the field of marketing. It consists of four elements: product, price, place, and promotion. 。
Product refers to the actual goods or services being offered to the market. It includes the design, features, quality, and branding of the product.Price is the amount of money that customers have to pay in order to purchase the product. It is important to set the right price in order to attract customers and make a profit.Place refers to the distribution channels and locations where the product is made available to customers. It involves decisions about which stores to sell the productin and how to get it to those stores.Promotion involves all the activities used to make theproduct or service known to and desired by customers. It includes advertising, public relations, and sales promotions.The marketing mix is important because it helps businesses to understand and satisfy the needs and wants of their customers. By carefully considering each element of the marketing mix, businesses can create a successful marketing strategy.。
市场营销(Marketing Management)in a highly competitive environment, the ability to create competitive edges over one’s adversaries and to achieve ultimate victory in fierce competitions depends not so much on materials resources as on the mental factors of intelligence and concepts. those concepts that can lead to new visions and perspectives and those approaches that can effectively solve problems will have the greatest value. the overriding factor which ensures the eventual materialization of new concepts and gives rise to effective approaches is management. as a branch of applied science, the science of management has crucial value not only for developing countries like china which are making uttermost efforts to catch up with the developed countries, but also for the leading multinational giants in the developed countries themselves. for a person like me who has decided to pursue marketing management as my career objective, to sharpen my intellectual caliber, to understand the essence of management and to grasp important skills of management have become my greatest aspiration.as a master’s student specializing in marketing and enterprise strategies, i am very proud to report that i have made some encouraging research achievements. of the two research papers that i wrote concerning strategic development of enterprises—enterprise strategic alliance based on resource complementarity and the strategic orientation and countermeasures for chinese enterprises in international operations in the new millennium, the former has been published by economic tribune in sept. 2002 and the latter has been accepted for publication by china economists in feb. 2003. thesetwo research papers are the fruition of my active involvement in a research project named study on chinese enterprises’ cooperation-competition models in hyper-competitive conditions, which is sponsored by china state natural science foundation (foundation project no. 70140132). another paper entitled brand marketing: a competitive mode on a higher level in modern economics has been published by contemporary finance & economics in november this year. those research achievements can unmistakably indicate my tremendous potential to perform much more ambitious researches in my future degree program and i am determined to develop this potential to the fullest extent.i completed my four-year systematic studies in engineering and management science as an undergraduate at the school of economics and management, beijing university of aeronautics and astronautics. it is precisely this undergraduate education that has reinforced my determination to pursue marketing management as my lifelong career. although as an undergraduate my understanding of some courses cannot be described as profound (some might even be said to be rather superficial), my learning of those courses nevertheless widened my ken of knowledge and broadened my vision.。
The world of marketing is a dynamic and everevolving field, where the success of a product or service often hinges on the strategic application of the marketing mix. This mix, commonly known as the 4 Ps Product, Price, Place, and Promotion forms the backbone of any marketing strategy. In this essay, Ill delve into my personal experience with these elements, illustrating how they can be effectively utilized in a marketing campaign.Product: The first P is the product itself. Its the heart of any marketing strategy. My journey into marketing began when I was tasked with promoting a new line of ecofriendly water bottles. The product had to be unique, addressing the needs of healthconscious consumers while also being environmentally friendly. We focused on the quality of the materials, the design, and the convenience of use, ensuring that our product stood out in a crowded market.Price: Pricing is a critical aspect that can make or break a products success. For our water bottles, we had to find the sweet spot between affordability and perceived value. After conducting market research and analyzing competitor pricing, we settled on a price point that we believed would attract our target demographic without compromising on the quality of our product.Place: This refers to the channels through which the product is made available to the consumer. We decided to sell our water bottles both online and in select retail stores to maximize our reach. The online platform allowed us to tap into a wider audience, while the physical stores provided the tactile experience that some consumers prefer.Promotion: The final P is all about getting the word out. We utilized a mix of traditional and digital marketing techniques. Social media campaigns were launched to engage with our audience, create brand awareness, and drive traffic to our online store. Additionally, we organized local events and partnered with influencers to showcase our product in reallife scenarios.One of the most memorable campaigns we ran was a social media contest where users had to share photos of themselves using our water bottles in creative ways. This not only generated usergenerated content but also encouraged interaction and sharing, exponentially increasing our reach.The success of our marketing campaign was measured by an increase in sales, positive customer feedback, and a growing online community of brand advocates. It was a thrilling experience to see the marketing mix come to life and contribute to the success of our product.In conclusion, the marketing mix is a powerful tool in the hands of a skilled marketer. It requires a deep understanding of the product, the market, and the consumers. My experience has shown me that when the 4 Ps are thoughtfully and strategically applied, they can create a symphony of success in the world of marketing.。
IntroductionThis paper focuses on the combination of marketing, marketing mix and the impact of demand and supply and demand, through the analysis of Haier I want to learn more about what is corporate marketing mix, and by 4p + np Haier get what benefitsHaier is the largest brand in the world of home appliances, which was founded in 1984 in the city of Qingdao, the current Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer of the Group Zhang Rui Min, Haier is the main founder. At present, Haier has established 21 industrial zones across the world, and five centers of R & D, 19 overseas trading companies, and employs more than 80,000 people around the world. 2011, Haier Group achieved a global turnover of 150.9 billion yuan, the brand value of 96.28 billion yuan, 11TH year in a row a list of the most valuable brands in China. Haier Group, the desirable 164 elementary school and with the help of High School hopes to produce 212 sets of Sciences cartoon "Haier Brothers", which is part of the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, sponsors the only white in the world. Haier to create its own brand in the country, local, and increase the Haier brand significantly reputation all over the world.Chapter I Marketing MixDefinitions of Marketing MixMarketing mix is the combination of corporate marketing activities applied various uncontrollable factors. In the early 1950s , according to the demand centers on the marketing concept , Professor McCarthy put the controllable factors of corporate marketing activities grouped into four categories, namely product, price, distribution channels and marketing , therefore , proposed marketing 4 ' portfolio .2. How the marketing mix meets the market’s needs and requirements From the marketing point of view, the essence of marketing is to satisfy the needs of consumers and create their own value and corporate profits. This is a prerequisite for consumer demand for a variety of consumer goods, from luxury to household items, these products give consumers the convenience of life increase, creating a market for consumer goods, and consumers in use of the process through the use of monetary cost to get this kind of convenience or is satisfied, then such an exchange process can be simply interpreted as marketing. Marketing from commodity marketing to the current relationship marketing, marketing partners in the development process perspective, presents the development of a diverse trajectories, radioactive. Chapter II Explain the various elements of the marketing mix in Haier1. ProductFirst of all Haier products, services are divided into pre-sale and after-sale three areas. In services by the market mainly in Haier Haier using Internet them comfortable - e-commerce platform site for potential customers to provide financing platform for information, it is "one of the two networks" as the basis, and the user to maintain a distance, and to meet individual customer needs quickly .Name" is the brand loyalty, brand awaren ess and customer. "Two networks” refers to Haier's sales network and payment networks. Haier worldwide sales, distribution and service network as well as between banks and payment networks, both for its convenient e-commerce services toprovide a guarantee. Internet era is the era of information explosion, Haier to use information for development. Through the website, Haier can gather a lot of information and user feedback. These users trust and loyalty is the greatest wealth Haier Haier . B2C e-commerce from the point of view , he promotes businesses and consumers continue to deepen exchanges, such exchanges a full range of brands and services to enhance the value of the enterprise .In the course of the sale of services, Haier implementation of the "no moving service" in areas where conditions permit, to provide customers buy Haier delivery, installation place, site commissioning, technical services such visits during the month. All Customers buy Haier Haier's products can enjoy "Star Service." For Haier's products, the first of its excellent quality and there is an important prerequisite for the protection of the smooth conduct of its sales website. Haier has realized the network management, network marketing, network services and network procurement, so the Haier website in addition to suppliers can enjoy purchasing, orders, sales through-train service, customers can also get personalized service, achieve online purchase and convenient online payment service, which also reduces the cost of the supplier to protect the interests of its customers, and ultimately the tripartite win-win situationIt is worth mentioning that the service aspect of Haier, keep in touch with the user through the computer and other advanced means of solving problems in a timely manner, in order to compensate for the work of a hundred percent enthusiasm millionth errors that may exist. Haier achieved sales tracking, on-site service, problems arise reply within 24 hours so that users no worries. On the Haier website, this provides a convenient channel for Haier users. Haier good service for its next sales do the best promotion is the main way to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty, but also become an important way to foster the spread of Haier reputation and image.2. PlaceHaier to provide consumers with a convenient service channels. On March 11, 2009 in Guangzhou Daily said Zhang Ruimin, Haier Group's internal meeting, said:. "Haier future development, the transition from manufacturing to manufacturing service specific approach is to outsource production, the energy used in the development and the channel services.”This shows that Haier will begin its focus from manufacturing special service type. Haier early as 2004 recognized that the nature of their object is - people. Therefore, Haier is also reflected in the service customers for the sake of ideology. Haier to meet competition, in 2002, built up a nationwide service network. Entire network covering the country's one, two, three markets. In the moment, home appliances activities, Haier in the rural market competition, set up three networks. The county stores down spontaneously spread to the town , township, village , forming a " sales to the village ," the marketing network ; establish distribution points in more than 2,000 counties , to form a " delivery to the door ," the logistics network ; build 73000 village-level network stations , more than 4,300 service outlets stars form a " home service " service network . These data show that the efforts made in the service channel Haier . The transition to manufacturing services , you want to meet the needs of the national market, the majority of the service channel construction area is necessary , because the success of the service sector in addition to providing high quality services, to provide convenient services to consumers to experience the service channel the key , which not only provide convenience for consumers to buy , but more importantly also for improving the quality of services has increased the stakes3. PriceHaier their businesses according to their characteristics, to a certain extent, taken skimming pricing. In the domestic market, Haier prices Raiders fairly successful. Consumers in China’s increasing emphasis on brand today, consumers prefer to buy brand louder, better reputation, excellent services, products with higher prices. And considering the price factor alone at a good price compared to modern consumers are increasingly rational choice which is not very cheap poor quality products. Of course,Haier set up a higher price in similar appliances also benefit compared to other domestic appliance manufacturers, its good performance in the same industry -leading technology patents and its most commendable quality service and good value for money. Haier has always been a brand, service , product innovation, meticulous management model to strengthen their market position and continue to increase market share and win , who insisted on not compete on price in the industry for all to see things . Even so in recent years, Haier white goods market share of the top five worldwide , and its products also get the majority of consumers agree .4. PromotionPromotion strategy in the service of Haier, Haier, Haier did not fix his eyes on some specific commodities, but hope that through promotional activities to improve the amount of product sales and market share in a specific period of time. Haier's promotional variety of ways, such as Haier's "Million movie" campaign, in August 1996 to the end of 1999, Qingdao Haier Refrigerator Co., Ltd. have been put nearly 10 million yuan for farmers 139 counties screenings ten thousand movie. Haier before each movie screenings always want to put some feature films, not only about the content of propaganda "Haier" and products, but they also focus on the development of China's national publicity roads household electrical appliance industry and its position in the international market competition; According to " Service Review "June 15, 1997 reported:" Nanjing's first consumer commencement ceremony held at the Pacific School shopping malls, more than 50 technicians from Qingdao consumers listened Air Conditioning Co., the waiter on how to buy air conditioners, air conditioners maintenance and other aspects of knowledge presentation. "; Haier Group in collaboration with the East leaves the cartoon" Haier Brothers ", Haier Investment ages cartoon art market, in the form of animation to establish the Haier brand promotion Haier corporate culture.These seemingly Haier marketing tactics, in essence, corporate culture promotion strategy, brand, service, market, Haier effect results achieved double harvest. But alsoto see the direction of Haier's marketing strategy from the "market-oriented" to the "image-oriented"Haier will produce and activities are all incorporated into the conventional mold, spread and maintain a good corporate image of the main goals, and hope that through this good corporate image of the shape, propagation and maintenance process to achieve the target to guide the behavior of the public, and ultimately Maximize business concept of long-term interests of enterprises and society.5. PeopleQuality service is the variability in the service because the service is a "person" as the center, there is seldom a mechanized production, so different people will have different service service behavior, even with a service staff, it is difficult to guarantee service standardization.In order to enable staff to meet the standards consistent behavior, Haier launched the "International Star train service" in star service. Its core content is from Chen goods design, manufacturing, purchasing, design services from home to home installation, use of the product to a return visit from the services continue to meet the needs of new users, and through concrete measures to make the development, manufacture, sale, sale , sale, visit six aspects of service institutionalized and standardized. Refinement of this star is "five." Behavior of all personnel are reflected Haier Haier corporate image, reflecting the Haier officer "service to be" faith.6.Demonstrate tangible servicesDemonstrate tangible service means the customer service process can be directly perceived and prompt service information tangibles . Divided up from the constituent elements can be divided into physical environment display, information display and communication prices show Haier in showing the physical environment : display in shopping malls , such as Gome, Suning and other home appliances such as no particular advantage, but on the Internet Shopping on this platform, Haier using its advanced information technology to allow consumers to experience online shopping quick and equal enjoyment of services actually purchased , and indeed presents Haierquality and considerate service mode, make customers enjoy the convenience of buying also, get the chance to learn more about Haier . In terms of information communication, the same Haier offers a similar use of the Internet, “face to face" channel for potential customers to solve consumers worried after purchase, plus Haier good word of mouth, making Haier's products are more people pro-gaze and trust. Of course, the most important advertising delivery methods, Haier has gone beyond the primary stage of products and services advertised, and then enter the promotional corporate culture, establish an advanced stage of the corporate brand. Haier each ad in addition to meet consumer demands, but also show that the rise of a national brand. The price display, since services are intangible, service invisibility makes visibility factors play an important role in purchasing decisions made for customers, the price level as a basis for consumers to determine the level of service and quality. Most consumers feel the price is higher than similar products of Haier home appliances , but Haier able to get consumer recognition , the price is obviously a very sensitive factor, because at such high prices that consumers get a lower purchase time, effort and cost of other companies to bring high-quality service . So in general, the higher is the cost of Haier products with other products than its advantages7. ProcessThe service process is the process through certain procedures, mechanisms and activities to be achieved. It can be arranged from the policies and objectives of the service, service procedures, services, methods, service personnel, service engagement, codes of practice, activity flow started.Haier's advertising slogan is - to be sincere, will be able to meet the consumer mind on. GM's former president, Jack` Welch once said, Haier through sincere service , continue to meet user services in a product and a new expectation is that consumers get the creature comforts also get spiritual meet on .Haier own service concept positioning, soil survival Haier is the user. Haier always put the needs of consumers regarded as a source of business survival, Haier continue production to meet customer demand for all products, because they were convincedthat the user is on , the user is god , just continue to provide users with the most satisfactory products and services , will give the user the best interests of the enterprise .On Haier's service policies , Haier all of its products according to the level of maintenance and transportation costs provides different levels of detail maintenance costs , truly fair and open justice . Haier's " one-stop" service process gives a perfect eight steps , while Haier is to establish the concept of marketing through service , Haier believe that only through sustained release family-oriented , able to meet the needs of potential users of the new service initiatives , customers and achieve zero distance . In services, Haier home from the 1985 proposed "four noes" ; into 2008 that " 1 +5" sets a composite service , every year during the service mode Haier will have some changes. 13 years, we see innovation in the service of Haier , "sincere forever" sincere beliefs , as well as Haier intimate care to consumers , which makes Haier position in the minds of consumers a step in the upgrade. Have to say , Haier, really do , but also very well done .ConclusionThrough analysis, Haier products mainly from the price, product, promotion, distribution channels, physical evidence, and staff to start. Product quality, affordable, also conducted a variety of promotions, through physical evidence to improve their value. And continue to understand the needs of consumers, to change themselves, and quality service to treat every consumer in order to improve the company's image. Haier Haier marketing strategy makes good visibility and reputation have become big business, we can see that a business must have its own unique marketing strategy to secure market access to consumers.Bibliographies[1] /p-146612495760.html[2] /view/64ea266d1eb91a37f1115cac.html[3] /view/69b7370979563c1ec5da7115.html[4] /doc/4278406.html[5] /leishaoyun/181646.html[6] /p-34162775.html[7] “Secrets of Social Media Marketing” “Paul Gillin”[8]” A Survival Guide to Social Media and Web 2.0 Optimization: Strategies, Tactics, and Tools for Succeeding in the Social Web” “Deltina Hay”[9] “Radically Transparent: Monitoring and Managing Reputations Online” “Andy Beal”。