北京工业大学研究生英语Research proposal

英文research proposal一、研究题目研究题目应该能够简洁明了地表达研究的目的和内容。

应该避免使用太过晦涩的名词或术语，以免读者难以理解。

二、研究背景在这一部分，需要提出研究的背景情况，包括相关领域已有的研究成果、问题和未解决的难点。

也可以简要说明自己选择这一课题的原因。

三、研究目的在这一部分，需要清晰地表达出自己这次研究的目的是什么，以及想要解决的问题是什么。

也可以阐述一下自己希望通过这次研究能够取得的成果和对学术界或者实际应用的意义。

四、研究内容和方法研究内容和方法是整个研究计划中最为重要的一部分。

在这一部分，需要清晰地阐述自己的研究将要进行的具体内容，以及采用的研究方法。

这一部分需要做到既全面、详细地描述研究过程中的每一个步骤，又尽量简洁明了，以便读者能够迅速理解。

五、研究预期结果在这一部分，可以预先设想一下自己这次研究可能得出的结论和结果。

也可以说明一下如果研究取得了预期的成果，对学术研究或者实际应用将会有怎样的帮助。

六、研究进度安排在这一部分，需要列出自己的研究进度安排，包括每个阶段具体需要做的工作内容、预计需要的时间，在研究过程中可能遇到的困难和问题以及相应的解决办法。

七、参考文献研究过程中所使用的参考文献应当列举清楚，并且按照一定的格式规范进行标注，以便审阅者查阅参考。

以上便是一份较为完整的英文research proposal的写作要点。

编写一份高质量的research proposal需要作者全面理解自己的研究内容，并清晰地向读者传达出来。

也需要遵循一定的格式规范，以便读者能够迅速理解并审阅。

希望以上内容对您有所帮助。

研究背景在研究背景部分，我将进一步详细介绍所选择的研究领域和当前的研究状况。

我们知道，现代社会信息爆炸，大数据时代已经到来。

在这个背景下，信息检索和数据挖掘变得尤为重要。

随着人工智能和机器学习等技术的飞速发展，自然语言处理也逐渐成为了研究的热点之一。

然而，当前自然语言处理领域依然存在着许多挑战和问题，比如语义理解、语言生成等方面的困难。

researchproposal模板Research Proposal1.Applicant’s nameLIU Jia2.Title of proposed research projectMicro Film Creation Art Theory——Taking original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as an example3.Summary of researchIn the condition of promoting the media integration, the creation of micro film and audience psychology are worthy of the hot content of research. In the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as the main object of discussion,through the micro film creation in narrative art and technique of expression to influence the audience's aesthetic.4.IntroductionMicro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" has been the national college students innovation and entrepreneurship program funded, in many of the predecessors and colleagues to participate in support to complete.5.Objectives and hypotheses to be testedIn the media convergence from the perspective of micro film creation should pay attention to narrative elements and technique of expression, the micro film creation into inspiring positive narrative elements can make the audience's psychological condition in a certain extent to improve a lot.6.Literature reviewOn film studies courses, students are asked to treat as objects of study the same films which they may more commonlyexperience as entertainment. To explore the role of academic writing in this, an action research project was carried out on a university film studies course using a systemic functional linguistics approach.A taxonomic film analysis was analysed drawing on the work of Halliday and Mathiessen (2004), Martin (1992) and Lemke, (1985, 1990 ), focussing on three aspects: the genre acts performed in the process of analysing film; the conceptual fr ameworks of film studies knowledge, or ‘thematic formations’ (Lemke, 1993) drawn on and re-constituted in the assignment; the particular ways that language is used to perform these acts and build these thematic formations. For EAP to be relevant to film students, it is proposed that EAP specialists need to engage with these three aspects of film study. This application of SFL in film studies EAP is intended as an illustration of how SFL tools can be used for relevant EAP provision across the HE curriculum.In Britain, film studies came on the agenda in the 1970s, when it served as a terrain for the formulation of a critical understanding of how cinema functioned within the broader context of industrial capitalism and the nexus between that and the reshaping of people's habits and lives. However, during that decade, a different agenda was also at work, which, from the early 1980s, began to receive support from neo-liberal 'free-market' ideologues. Over a period of 30 years, the overall direction of the inquiry into cinema, now firmly sealed into institutional networks, has become such that the critical language of 'film theory' has been hollowed out and the industrial agenda of British national television and cinema wrapped around it. Today, with the opening of film studies departments across Asia, the question is not whether outsideBritain the language of film studies will became available for instrumentalization by the forces of an expanding Euro-American capital, but how it will do so. Valentina Vitali argues that the recovery of film from the bureaucratization of its study and its rediscovery as one of the modalities of modernization require both a framework of analysis that is fully conscious of its own historicity and critical role, and a new topography of cinema.In France，Philippe Gauthier have a paper is a comparative study of the impact on French film studies of the emergence of television and digital technologies. The goal of the comparison between what the author calls the ‘television revolution’ –a period in which film theorists became aware of the impact of television on the study of cinema –and the now well-known ‘digital revolution’ is to observe the recurrence of specific phenomena in the history of film studies in France. The author argues that during both the television and digital revolutions there appears to be a desire to compare cinema with other media while at the same time asserting its specificity. The impact of the television and digital revolutions on film studies in France is thus two-fold: (1) the broadening of the discipline's boundaries to include other media and other research methods; (2) the redefinition of cinema based on a singular definition of the medium.In film studies, the Auteur Theory is mainly employed to explore film directors’ signature styles in creating their mastery artifacts. Individual style of a director in filmmaking is based on his/her preferences; genre, theme, mise-en-scéne, cinematography or even casts line-up. Disciplinary indiscipline characterizes the post-industrial, post-modern, post-disciplinary intellectual environment. The certainties offered by normativetheories are lost in a post-disciplinary virtual world that appears to be no longer fully grounded on modernist assumptions or even material reality. It has become common practice to meld many different and sometimes incompatible academic approaches in order to pander to students’ preferences. Contemporary approaches now especial ly mimic Karl Marx’s phase ‘all that is solid melts into air’, as many un-, ill- and in-disciplined post-disciplinary disciples shield students from knowing about disciplinary epistemologies, disciplinary histories and the paradigmatic evolution of film theories across different periods, contexts and conditions.Keyan G Tomaselli critically examines some of these issues by applying the framework of langue (structure) and parole (accent) to make sense of film studies in a post-disciplinary media world dominated by economic implosion.7.Materials and methodsIn the reseach,I am using data analysis method and the investigation method, selected from the original micro film "THE MEANING OF EMOTION" as the main object of discussion.The research of the conclusion after the analysis of the writing style, and the audience survey response.8.Anticipated outcome and value of the researchAccording to the creation, filming, dissemination and reflection of the micro film, the psychological status of the audience can be improved if the active elements of the film creation can be improved.9.References[1]James P. Donohue. Using systemic functional linguistics in academic writing development: An example from film studies[J]. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,2012,111:.[2]Philippe Gauthier. Recurrent phenomena in French film studies: from television to digital media[J]. New Review of Film and Television Studies,2014,123:.[3]Valentina Vitali. Why study cinema? Serial visions of the culture industry and the future of film studies[J]. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies,2005,62:.[4]Nurul Ezzati Aisya Mohd Zaki,Che Su Mustaffa,Noer Doddy Irmawati. Visualizing Islamic Law and Values in Semerah Padi (1956): P. Ramlee as Cinematographic Auteur[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,155:.[5]Keyan G T omaselli. (Un-)Disciplined indiscipline. The langue and parole of film studies in a post-disciplinary world[J]. South African Theatre Journal,2015,282:.。

干货ResearchProposal写作方法Research Proposal（简称RP）也就是指研究报告或者开题报告，一般作为论文或者研究开始前的计划和纲要，比如毕业论文开题报告、申请博士的研究计划、国家基金类研究申报报告等。

RP的内容通常为：你打算完成什么（what），为什么你要做这件事（why），以及你打算怎样去完成它（how）。

主要包括标题（Title）、摘要 (Abstract)、引言(Introduction)、文献综述(Literature Review)、方法(Methods)、结果(Result)、讨论(Discussion)七部分。

整体字数看学校要求，一般1500-2000.下面我们详细分析Research Proposal写作方法。

1.标题（Title）简明扼要，内容翔实又吸引人PS：其实和中文论文写作差不多，题目不要泛而空，尽量缩小话题范围，这样内容更有针对性。

题目要能体现你的研究对象和创新性，至少能勾起阅读全文的兴趣！2.摘要（Abstract）300字左右的简要归纳。

它应该包括研究问题，研究的理论基础，假说（如有的话），研究方法以及主要发现。

PS：重中之重，实际就是将RP再浓缩一次。

Title+ Abstract就一锤定生死了，剩下部分基本就是abstract的拓展了。

对于建筑类相关专业，empirical study(案例研究/场地调研/问卷访谈等等)非常重要，如果连实地都没有去过，何来一手的资料，一手的结论呢？此处会涉及到original contribution（原创贡献），你的原创性/你对这一议题的贡献值有多少。

所以摘要的实质也是一种游说/推销，推销你的研究意义所在。

3.引言（Introduction）主要目的是为你的研究问题提供必要的背景。

通常包含以下内容：某描述研究问题/目的；某为你的研究问题提供背景，设定其范围，以体现出它的必要性和重要性；某理论依据，要清楚的指出为什么该研究是值得去做的；某简要描述该研究要解决的主要及次要问题；某明确说明你想要研究的现象；某阐述你的假说或理论（如有的话）；某设定你研究计划的局限或边界，以提供一个清晰的研究重点；某给关键概念下定义（此项为可选）PS:不多说，基本就是介绍一下研究背景，为什么你的研究内容很有意义或必要性。

英文research proposal 标题The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of HealthcareArtificial intelligence (AI) has been revolutionizing various industries, and the healthcare sector is no exception. As the world grapples with an aging population, rising healthcare costs, and the need for more efficient and personalized care, AI has emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. This research proposal aims to explore the potential impact of AI on the future of healthcare, focusing on its applications, the benefits it can offer, and the ethical considerations that must be addressed.The rapid advancements in AI, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, have already begun to transform the healthcare landscape. AI-powered technologies can assist healthcare professionals in various tasks, from disease diagnosis and drug development to patient monitoring and decision-making support. By leveraging large datasets, AI algorithms can identify patterns, detect anomalies, and make predictions with a level of accuracy and speed that surpasses human capabilities.One of the key areas where AI is expected to have a significant impact is in disease diagnosis and treatment. AI-based systems can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, with greater precision and speed than human experts, leading to earlier detection of diseases and more accurate diagnoses. This can lead to more timely interventions, improved patient outcomes, and reduced healthcare costs. Moreover, AI can assist in the development of personalized treatment plans by analyzing an individual's genetic and medical data to tailor therapies to their specific needs.Another promising application of AI in healthcare is in the field of drug discovery and development. The process of developing new drugs is costly, time-consuming, and often has a high failure rate. AI-powered tools can accelerate this process by identifying promising drug candidates, streamlining clinical trials, and predicting drug interactions and side effects. This can lead to the development of more effective and safer medications, ultimately improving patient care and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.Furthermore, AI can play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs by enhancing patient monitoring and care coordination. AI-powered wearable devices and remote monitoring systems can continuously gather and analyze patient data, alerting healthcare providers to potential health issuesor medication non-compliance. This can enable early intervention, prevent complications, and reduce hospital readmissions, leading to better patient outcomes and more efficient utilization of healthcare resources.While the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are significant, it is essential to address the ethical considerations and challenges that arise with the implementation of this technology. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for transparency and accountability in AI-based decision-making must be carefully navigated. Researchers and healthcare providers must work collaboratively to ensure that the development and deployment of AI technologies in healthcare are aligned with ethical principles and respect the rights and well-being of patients.Additionally, the integration of AI into healthcare will have implications for the workforce, as certain tasks and roles may be automated or transformed. It is crucial to consider the impact on healthcare professionals, such as radiologists, pathologists, and nurses, and develop strategies to retrain and upskill the workforce to adapt to the changing landscape.In conclusion, the impact of AI on the future of healthcare is poised to be profound. By leveraging the power of AI, the healthcare sector can improve disease diagnosis, accelerate drug discovery, enhancepatient monitoring and care coordination, and ultimately deliver more personalized and effective healthcare solutions. However, the successful integration of AI into healthcare will require a multifaceted approach that addresses the technical, ethical, and workforce-related challenges. This research proposal aims to contribute to the understanding of the impact of AI on healthcare and provide insights that can guide the responsible and effective implementation of this transformative technology.。

Research Proposal MeansMost students and beginning researchers do not fully understand what a research proposal means, nor do they understand its importance. To put it bluntly, one’s research is only as a good as one’s proposal. An ill-conceived proposal dooms the project even if it somehow gets through the Thesis Supervisory Committee. A high quality proposal, on the other hand, not only promises success for the project, but also impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential as a researcher.大多数学生和早期研究者并不完全清楚一个研究计划意味着,他们也不明白它的重要性。

坦率地说,一个人的研究只是作为一个良好的提议之一。

一个考虑不周的提案注定了整个项目,即使它勉强通过了论文答辩委员会。

一个高质量的提案,另一方面,不仅确保了研究项目的成功,但也打动你的论文委员会你作为一个研究者的潜力。

A research proposal is intended to convince others that you have a worthwhile research project and that you have the competence and the work-plan to complete it. Generally, a research proposal should contain all the key elements involved in the research process and include sufficient information for the readers to evaluate the proposed study.一个研究计划的目的是说服别人,你有一个有价值的研究项目,并且有能力和工作计划完成它。

research proposal范文The Impact of Social Networking Platforms on User Satisfaction: A StudyResearch ProposalAbstractThis research proposal seeks to investigate the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction. In the last decade, social networking platforms have become increasingly popular in the everyday lives of people around the world. However, not much is known about how these platforms affect user satisfaction and how different forms of communication within these platforms impact user behavior. To address this gap, we propose a study of the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction in order to better understand the relationship between these platforms and user satisfaction.BackgroundIn the last decade, social networking platforms have become an integral part of our lives. They allow users to connect with their friends, share updates and photos, and stay in touch with each other. With the success of these platforms, a great deal of research has been conducted in order to better understand how they impact user behavior. Although much of this research has focused on the impacts of social media on user engagement and brand value, little to no research has been conducted in regards to the impact ofthese platforms on user satisfaction. This is an important area of study, as user satisfaction is a key factor in determining whether a platform is successful or not.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this research proposal is to examine the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction. Within this, we will be looking at how different features and forms of communication on social networking platforms affect user satisfaction. In addition, we will be exploring the factors that contribute to user satisfaction and dissatisfaction.MethodologyThe proposed research will take a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and focus groups to explore the impact of social networking platforms on user satisfaction. Interviews will be conducted with people from a range of age groups and backgrounds. Focus groups will be conducted with users of various popular social networking platforms. The data obtained from these interviews and focus groups will be analyzed using thematic analysis.Expected OutcomesIt is expected that this research will provide us with a better understanding of how social networking platforms impact user satisfaction. Specifically, the research will provide an insight into the different forms of communication that contribute to user satisfaction, as well as the factors that lead to user dissatisfaction. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide useful insights into the design and usage of social networking platforms.References1. Bagozzi, R.P., Dholakia, U., Jain, A., Garg, S.K., Hedström, U., Normark, M. and Åkerman, M. (2015). The Role of Intimacy in User Satisfaction and Engagement With Social Network Sites. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1411-1414).2. Stephen, A.T., Tsiotsou, R. and Gounaris, S. (2012). Social Media: Marketing Public Relations Strategies. Business Horizons, 55(3), pp.257-264.3. Rice, E. and Campbell, A. (2009). The Relational Dialectics of Networked Individualism on Facebook. In Proceedings of the 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 1-10).。

一份漂亮的Research Proposal给你的申请加分Research Proposal是什么？在申请研究型硕士或PhD时，有学校会要求提交一份ResearchProposal，也就是你的选题报告，或者叫研究计划。

RP是衡量申请者的专业知识、研究能力和写作水平的文书，对录取来说也是一份核心的文书材料。

写好一份研究计划，是开展研究和撰写论文的第一步。

RP需要写什么？RP有基本的写作架构，可以参考以下的结构，按照自己的研究主题来稍作调整。

Title Page 封面页写标题和作者。

Abstract摘要大约200字，这部分把研究主题、目标和研究方法简要概括。

Table of Contents 目录Introduction 介绍这部分可以陈述你的研究背景、研究问题、研究的目的和意义。

Background(Literature Review)研究背景这部分也可以作为文献综述部分，提出你的研究问题，回顾以往的研究来进行评论和分析。

因此你需要阅读相关主题的文献，通过搜索、阅读、分析文献，对以往的研究进行整理和分析。

这需要你有一定的检索能力，并阅读一定数量的论文和书籍，才能总结归纳写成文献综述，是耗时比较长的一部分。

Mainbody(Hypothesis, Methodology, Research Design)RP的主体部分可以阐述你的研究假设、采用的研究方法，或者是实验的步骤、实验结果的分析方法、处理数据的方法。

所提出的研究方法需要有理有据，而且是可行的。

Time Table 研究日程表这部分可以列出你进行研究的每个阶段，从准备、设计、修改、实施到后期写作阶段的步骤和时间，时间不需要太精准，只需要把大致的时间安排写下就好。

List of References参考文献列表引用的格式需要根据你的科目和学校的要求而定，可以参考APA、HARVAR、MLA的格式。

RP的重点是什么？需要提出一个清晰明确的研究问题和方法，你需要解决什么问题;需要有合理的研究设计，你要用什么研究方法去解决这个问题。

Research proposal1. Title ：Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21 st century America in Cormac McCarthy The Road’s2. Introduction：1).about the author:a.Most Important achievements about Cormac McCarthy:Cormac McCarthy is an American novelist and playwright, who was once described as “ t best unknown novelist in America ”So. far McCarthy has written ten novels, one publishedfive-act play, and one filmed screenplay, among which, novels are considered his mostconspicuous literary achievements.On May 5th, 2009, Cormac McCarthy has won the biennial PEN/Saul Bellow award forlifetime achievement in American literature, for "a distinguished living American author of fictionwhose body of work in English possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale ofachievement over a sustained career which places him or her in the highest rank of Americanliterature".He received the Pulitzer Prize in 2007 for The Road, and his 2005 novel No Country for OldMen was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, includingBest Picture. He received a National Book Award in 1992 for All the Pretty Horses.His earlier Blood Meridian (1985) was among Time Magazine's poll of 100 bestEnglish-language books published between 1925 and 2005 and he placed joint runner-up for asimilar title in a poll taken in 2006 by The New York Times of the best American fiction publishedin the last 25 years. Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major Americannovelists of his time, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo and Philip Roth. He is frequentlycompared by modern reviewers to William Faulkner.2. Proposed researched topicCormac McCarthy ’ s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21 st century America in Cormac McCarthy The Road’s3. Literature review:As Cormac McCarthy is a newly-rising writer, we can not see so many tremendous academicstudies of him as of other classical writers.1)In USA, Cormac M cCarthy didn ’receivet critical attention until the 1990s.So far the Americancritics and postgraduates have conducted studies of him in the following aspects with a fewachievements. In spite of his numerous awards and prizes, McCarthy is frequently consideredas the successor of William Faulkner; however, with the popularity of No Country for Old Menand the great success of The Road, more mainstream critics and media keep an eye on thisunknown famous writer.a.Monologues, dialogues, sentence structures inspire scholars to explore autotextuality inMcCarthy ’ s works. Christine Chollier brings forward the idea that the writer is a master in bindingand interweaving different voices together to generate and enhance an impression of reality. It isthe writer talent’s in picking and arranging words that renders his works an organic unity rarelyfound in other western novels.Another thing that keeps attracting scholar ’ s attention is protagonists ’ dreams, which, T. Arnold thinks, represent McCarthy ’ s “ unique way of sharing world experience with readersOther themes, like wars, ethics, and modern technology, have all become the focuses of study.Some scholars ponder over another important theme in McCarthy ’works: human-naturerelations. George Guillemin raises the idea that the writer is advocating a biocentric concept in allhis books, which runs in contrast to the anthropocentric stance many western novels have assumedbefore. Guillemin points out that people ’ s hope to get closer to nat u inedrehasbybeenmodern civilization. Barcley Owens, too, expresses the same concern over human’ sattitudes towardsnature and argues eloquently that McCarthy reveals his worry through the depiction of wildernessin his Border Trilogy.In The Lay of the Land in Cormac McCarthy s’Appalachia , K. Wesley Berry shows hisinterest in examining the geological changes in McCarthy ’ s Appalachia. A lot of data are broughtin for a conclusion that human ’ s activities have already caused damages to natural environment,and if not stopped, will continue to harm the planet people are living on. In another essay by SaraSpurgeon, the idea that nature deserves to be explored and used by human is totally underminedthrough a closer examination of the message McCarthy tries to pass on to us in his works. TheWorld on Fire deals with the same topic, but in a different way. Jacqueline Scoones findsMcCarthy ’ s interest in portraying products of modern civilization and putting them in a setting ofnature. Scoones insists that McCarthy intends to generate an odd contrast between civilization andnature, and to arouse a spontaneous hatred against people ’ s invasion into nature.Researchers also notice the animal images in his works. Major analysis include GeorgeGuillemin ’Somes Site Where Life had not Succeeded, in which he mentions that John Grady ’ sattitude changes toward horses represent the wakening of his goodwill to nature. Western Myths inAll the Pretty Horses and The Crossing by Barcley Owens explicitly affirms wolves as a“ spokesmanof”nature. And everything people could see from the animal and its relations withhuman may serve as the evidence that McCarthy hopes for a harmonious coexistence betweenhuman and nature.2)Cormac McCarthy’ s works are still far from familiar to Chinas literary circle.’From the data from CNKI, it is clear that Cormac McCarthy has gained Chinese Critics’attention only in recent years, especially after the release of the movie No country for Old Men. Before 2007, there are only two essays on Cormac McCarthy, while since 2007, 5 essays and 5 graduate theses have chosen this writer and his works, two of which are based on The Road. However, those two just introduce the plots of the novel and some relevant information.3. The Main Argument (and three sub-arguments):This thesis will be carried out through the perspective of Modern Eschatology, especiallyin the views of the end days appeared after 911.1.The destruction of the world in the novel and its metaphorical truth2.The final judgments administered by the writer in the fictitious world and the crytic trialto the human civilization3. The Post-Doomsday Vista portrayed in The Road and the suggested attitude of the writer to the human future.4.Purpose and Significance of Study:First, this thesis introduces Cormac McCarthy into China, who claims certain fame in theUSA but is little known in China. Surely, McCarthy will get his familiarity and fame in China gradually in which this thesis will play an incentive role.Second, social sciences see great initiation with the development of the modern nature sciences. The melting trend of different branches of sciences becomes more and more conspicuous. Many critics tend to analyze literary works from the point of philosophy, psychology, sociology, aesthetics, anthropology, etc. This thesis offers an example of such a trend.Third, this thesis claims its enlightening function. It presents us a new angle of view intothe contemporary American culture after the 911 effect.5. A Detailed Sentence Outline:IntroductionThe part includes an introduction to Cormac McCarthy and The Road and literature reviews of existing findings. The origins, development and main thoughts of eschatology will be introduced as an important term for the thesis. Aside from those, a special attention will be given to how the 911 event effects the American culture and American literature.Chapter One the violent destruction of the world in The Road1.1 The ruins on the American Land1.2 The wasteland of the human spiritThis part will analyze the destruction of the world in the novel and its metaphorical truth.Chapter Two the final judgment of the righteous and the wicked in The Road2.1 The bad guys on the road2.2 The good guys on the roadThis part will discuss the final judgments administered by the writer in the fictitious worldand the crytic trial to the human civilizationChapter Three: the Post-Doomsday Vista in The Road3.1 The allegoric meaning of the journey3.2 The symbolic image of the sonThe Post-Doomsday Vista portrayed in The Road and the suggested attitude of the writer to the human future will be presented in the third chapter.ConclusionThe total destruction presents readers the picture in the end of the world, but also deprives them of the endless horror about the uncertain future. In the end is the beginning. The author proclaims the resurrection for modern humans. What matters in the novel is the great humanity of the individual.1)On Literature and TheoryWolfreys, J. Introducing Criticism at the 21st Century [M].Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2002.Brooks, Cl. & Warren, R.P. Understanding Fiction [M].外语教学与研究出版社，2004. Bradbury, Malcolm. The Modern American Novel [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction [M]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.Pizer, Donald, (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism [M].New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995Zhu, Gang.20th Century Western Literary Theories[M],上海外语教育出版，2001。

英文research proposal格式A research proposal is an essential document that outlines the proposed research project in a clear and concise manner. It serves as a blueprint for the study, providing a detailed description of the research objectives, methodology, and timeline. In addition, a research proposal demonstrates the feasibility and significance of the proposed study, making it crucial for researchers to adhere to a specific format to ensure clarity and coherence. In this article, we will discuss the format and structure of an English research proposal.The format of an English research proposal generally follows a standard structure, which includes the following key sections:1. Title: The title should reflect the essence of the proposed research project and capture the interest of potential readers. It should be concise, clear, and informative.2. Abstract: The abstract provides a brief overview of the research project, summarizing the research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should be concise yet comprehensive, allowing readers to grasp the essence of the proposal.3. Introduction: The introduction sets the stage for the research project by providing background information on the topic of study. It should highlight the significance of the research problem and clearly state the research objectives or research questions that the study aims to address.4. Literature Review: The literature review is a critical component of the research proposal that evaluates and synthesizes existing literature on the topic. It demonstrates the researcher's familiarity with the relevant literature and highlights the research gap that the proposed study intends to fill.5. Research Methodology: This section outlines the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques that will be used to address the research objectives. It should clearly explain the rationale for choosing specific methodologies and procedures.6. Expected Results: In this section, researchers should outline the expected findings and outcomes of the proposed study. They should be realistic and aligned with the research objectives.7. Significance and Implications: This section highlights the potential impact and contributions of the proposed research project. It should emphasize the significance of the study in advancing knowledge in the field and discuss potential implications for theory, practice, or policy.8. Timeline: A research proposal should include a timeline that outlines the key milestones and activities of the research project. It should be presented in a clear and logical manner, indicating the duration of each task or phase.9. References: A list of references should be included to acknowledge the sources cited in the proposal. It should follow a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) and be organized alphabetically.10. Budget: If applicable, a research proposal may include a budget section that outlines the estimated costs associated with the proposed study. It should provide a breakdown of expenses, such as research materials, participant compensation, or travel fees.In conclusion, an English research proposal follows a specific format to effectively communicate the research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes of a proposed study. By adhering to this format, researchers can ensure clarity and coherence in their proposals, enhancing their chances of obtaining approval and funding for the research project.。

申请文书Researchproposal怎么写？首先，先讨论最常见的SOP。

无论申请什么学校，一定都会要求SOP。

这份文件通常分以下几个部份：大学时期修过课程，大学时期研究，硕班时期修过课程，硕班时期研究，课外活动，打工或工作经验，毕业后的研究经验，未来研究计划。

Statement of purpose里的研究计划大概只有一段左右。

整篇statement大约为1000字上下最为常见。

Research proposal一般来说是申请博士才会需要，但是有一些硕士班申请也会要求。

通常research proposal会比statementof purpose长。

依学校要求可能少则1000字，多则高达十几二十页。

至于research proposal要写得多详细?有两种方式：一个是挑一个研究的方向，写得很详细，展现出现你有能力做深度的研究；另一个是挑两三个研究的主题，每一个都讨论一页左右，让学校觉得你是一个很有弹性，愿意多方学习的人。

最重要的是，一定要去学校的网站看有哪些研究者，哪些教授，这些教授最近的学生在做什么主题，他们自己又是做什么主题。

你写的研究方向如果是教授几年前在做的主题，可能他现在已经没有在做了，或是做腻了，教授可能就不会特别想收你。

教授最近在做什么研究，学校的网站会给你最初步的了解，但是最重要的是看教授最近发表的paper或是书，或是他的学生发表的paper或是书是在做什么主题。

Research proposal通常还会包含一个 literature review，也就是把目前为止学者们做的研究做到哪里了，写出来。

那接下来你得说明，你赞成哪些**，不赞成哪些**，以及最重要的是，你未来的研究，跟前人的研究有什么不同，你的学术贡献在哪里?如果是你比较top priority想申请的学校，建议博士班申请可以将自己的研究想法，过去做过的研究成果，以及未来想走的方向写一封大约500字的email给你中意的教授。

关于「research proposal」：写给对申请领域了解很少的同学如果已经有了topic 或者研究方向恭喜你最艰难的一关你已经过了既然已经有了topic 或者大致了方向了那就等于有了最终的目标你已经不是无头苍蝇了搞学术嘛归根结底就是解决问题所以接下来要做的：把你要解决的问题具体化形象化如果可能的话拆分为几个小的问题譬如需要确定什么参数？需要测定什么数据？需要瞭解什么情况？等等著重关注方法学-- 也就是"idea"即在现有的条件或环境下该如何实现这个目标或者解决这个( 这些) 问题我以为一篇成功的proposal 方法学是最重要的部份两个层面第一个层面是比较基础的譬如需要什么手段？需要什么技术？需要什么仪器？需要什么模型？採用什么算法？等等另一个层面则更为抽象和核心简言之就是：你拿到这些原始数据或者初步结果之后你要如何处理或者分析这些初步的结果并解决你的问题？前面已经强调了「方法学」是一篇rp 最为核心的部份所谓" 成也萧何败也萧何" 「方法学」部份如果没什么新意或者没什么价值sorry 没人会继续读下文了形式上需要注意的地方比较多思路要清楚逻辑要清晰要全面要严谨要能够自圆其说关注国内外同行的进展最主要的渠道就是查文献了譬如看看大家做到什么程度了看看别人都採用了什么手段看看别人的结果如何等等这部份是比较痛苦的三五十篇文献一点都不算多先列一个outline 出来我个人的rp 大致分为如下基本部份：背景介绍- 文献综述- 研究目的- 研究方法- ( 预期结果) - 展望- 参考文献列表「文献综述」基本上就是「我们目前对这个问题瞭解到什么程度了」「研究目的」基本上就是「我想解决什么问题」显然这个是核心所在「研究方法」顾名思义就是「我们想通过何种途径来解决这个问题」整体的逻辑大该是：基于我们目前的知识我们还需要解决什么问题以及我们该如何解决这个问题接下来就照著outline 动手写吧需要注意的问题：结构清晰思路清楚切忌罗嗦而且要有可操作性比如你的研究需要太过昂贵的或者过分尖端的仪器或者技术你就需要思考一下可行性了而且很重要的一点说话不能空口无凭要有凭有据！譬如某个观点是别人的研究里得出来的那麽一定要列出来出处或者某个观点是你总结归纳出来的那麽论据要充分或者某个观点是基于未发表的结果那麽也要标注来源或出处如是坦言我个人并不擅长写作经验有一点点但也不多我个人觉得理工类科技类的写作( 譬如受众多为专业人士的论文专著等) 并不刻意追求表达方面的艺术性但是在文字或表述上有其特殊的要求这裡基于个人的一些经历和体会强调一点即：逻辑清晰表述严谨这一点非常重要譬如" 因为我肚子饿了所以我要喝水" 显然这个论点和论据并无直接的联繫或者说从论据无法推理得到该结论这个例子很夸张很荒谬但是这类问题发生的概率非常之高归结一下常见的容易被直接枪毙的错误有：( 1 ) 混淆了" 回归( regression ) " 与" 相关( correlation ) " 之间的区别；( 2 ) 由表观上的" 相关关系" 仓促给出" 因果关系"。

研究提案英语作文Title: Research Proposal: Exploring the Impact of Environmental Education on Sustainable Behavior。

Introduction:Environmental issues have become increasingly prominent in today's global discourse, necessitating urgent action to mitigate their adverse effects. Education plays a pivotal role in shaping attitudes and behaviors towards the environment. Thus, this research proposal aims to investigate the effectiveness of environmental education programs in promoting sustainable behavior among individuals.Background:The degradation of the environment, including issues such as climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, poses significant challenges to the well-being of presentand future generations. Environmental education has emerged as a crucial tool in fostering awareness, knowledge, and attitudes conducive to sustainable practices. However, the extent to which such education translates into tangible behavioral changes remains a subject of debate and requires empirical investigation.Research Objectives:1. To assess the effectiveness of environmental education programs in enhancing participants' knowledge and awareness of environmental issues.2. To examine the impact of environmental education on individuals' attitudes towards sustainability and environmentally friendly behavior.3. To identify factors that influence the translation of environmental knowledge and attitudes into sustainable actions.4. To propose recommendations for optimizingenvironmental education strategies to maximize their effectiveness in promoting sustainable behavior.Methodology:This research will employ a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative techniques to comprehensively evaluate the research objectives. The study will consist of the following components:1. Survey Questionnaire: A survey will be administered to participants before and after their participation in an environmental education program. The questionnaire will assess participants' knowledge of environmental issues, attitudes towards sustainability, and self-reported behavior related to environmental conservation.2. Focus Group Discussions: Qualitative data will be collected through focus group discussions with participants of environmental education programs. These discussions will explore participants' experiences, perceptions, and the factors influencing their adoption of sustainable behavior.3. Longitudinal Study: A longitudinal study will be conducted to track participants' behavior over an extended period following their participation in environmental education programs. This will provide insights into the long-term impact of such programs on sustainable behavior.Data Analysis:Quantitative data from the survey questionnaire will be analyzed using statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to examine relationships between variables. Qualitative data from focus group discussions will be analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns, themes, and insights.Expected Outcomes:1. Insights into the effectiveness of environmental education programs in enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards sustainability.2. Identification of key factors influencing the translation of environmental knowledge and attitudes into sustainable behavior.3. Recommendations for designing and implementing more impactful environmental education initiatives.Conclusion:By investigating the impact of environmental education on sustainable behavior, this research aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on effective strategiesfor addressing environmental challenges. By understanding how education can influence behavior, policymakers, educators, and environmental practitioners can develop more targeted and effective interventions to promote a more sustainable future.This research proposal outlines a comprehensive approach to studying the complex relationship between environmental education and sustainable behavior, with thepotential to inform practical interventions and policy decisions aimed at fostering a more environmentally conscious society.。

PhD PROJECT SPECIFICATIONYear 2013-2016Student name: XXXContact telephone number: XXXProject Title as submitted: Smart Mobility Profiling and GamificationBackground and MotivationIn many countries, the proportion of urban population has increased in recent decades. For instance, China’s total urban population is currently just over a half of its total population, rising from 26% in 1990. This mirrors a trend in most other developed countries. Urbanization[1], regarded as a strategy for accelerating development by some city governors, has also resulted in many challenges to urban public services. One of the main urban public services is transportation, which is in part governed by strategic transport policies in terms of both sustainability (CO2, air pollution) and competitiveness (congestion) and by incentives (e.g., cheaper off-peak private transport travel). A key challenge to all major cities is how to configure travel demand management (TDM), often referred to as mobility management policies and incentives to reduce congestion, accidents and pollution.Smarter transportation profiling both at an individual level to inform the individual and at a (spatial-temporal) group/public level to inform authorities, can lead to beneficial shifts in mobility to help address these challenges. TDM includes any policy to encourage better ways to use transport resource, for instance by offering people incentives to reduce their car use. The use of Gamification is investigated to set incentives and improve the engagement of target-specific app users [2]. Gamification is the use of game theory and game design techniques in non-game contexts, in this case in urban travel, in order to encourage people to adopt , or to influence how they use transportation. An example of an urban travel game consist of travelers being awarded different levels of points for use of different travel modes.PROJECT (RESEARCH) AIMSThe main objective of this project is to use both smart mobility profiling and gamification of urban travel to research and develop (R&D) better models of individual and aggregated urban mobility in order to better understand and aid shifts in mobility to meet strategic TDM goals. In order to achieve this overall R&D objective, three specific sub-objectives and methods are planned: First, to R&D two apps to acquire mobility data from both mobile sensors (e.g., phones) and fixed infrastructure (e.g., traffic sensors) in two cities Beijing and London; Second, to generate individual mobility profiles and to data mine aggregates of mobility data to model mobility patterns; Third, to correlate the mobility patterns of actual sensed data combined with gamification simulations of urban mobility to evaluate the effect of what-if scenarios of different transportation policies and incentives.NOVELTYThe novelty for this study is mainly reflected by the exploitation of both smart mobility profiling and gamification. Nowadays, almost all people have one or more mobile devices such as smart phones, which give us a facility for developing some mobile applications to collect mobility data from mobile devices. Making full use of individual mobile devices and existing fixed infrastructure is quite important in terms of the cost efficiency of deployment and maintenance. However, the proliferation of most mobile applications relies on the users’ engagement. Gamification can be applied to the apps to motivate more people to use and keep them.METHODOLOGYThe methodology for the study involves mobility data collection, mobility profiling, data mining and modeling, gamification.Considering its good cross-platform ability and portability, we will use Java language to develop two apps: One runs on Android (or other mobile platforms) smartphones to collect mobility data from mobile users, with some game motivation strategies to encourage users try to use it and keep it; Another runs on a PC or laptop to collect data from fixed infrastructure and to conduct some necessary data processing.After acquiring mobility data required, methods (e.g. mobility path construction, topology construction, pattern discovery) described in [3] will be used to generate individual mobility profiles. According to [3], there are several algorithms for the pattern mining such as GSP, SPADE, AprioriAll. It is recommended to contain time-context information when representing mobility profiles.Gamification methodology is used to set incentives and improve the engagement of target-specific app users in this research. Gamification generally use six strategies [4]: scores, levels, challenges, leaderboards, achievements and rewards. For this study, these strategies can be used not only to collect mobility data, but also to encourage people to adopt, or to influence how they use transportation.EXPECTED OUTCOMESThe expected outcomes for this study as follows:Two apps, which support common communication techniques (e.g., cellular networks, bluetooth, WiFi) to send and receive mobility data required. The app used to collect to mobility data from mobile users will integrate some game techniques to improve the engagement of users and can determine the location of users and enable users to report some events (e.g., accident) only by taking a photo or other simple operations.A mobility profiling framework. According to data collected, mobility profiles can be acquired by using this framework. This means that the framework will implement functions necessary such as mobility paths construction, topology construction, pattern discovery.An evaluation report. According to the evaluation result about the effect of what-if scenarios of different transportation policies and incentives, suggestions will be given toaid traffic departments to make policies that encourage people use transport resource more efficient and environmental-friendly.Three papers, which are published in highly ranked journals or conferences. PROJECT MILESTONESREQUIRED SKILLS/TOOLSAccording to the objectives and methodology for this study, the following skills / tools are required:Programming skills –the researcher should be proficient in common programming languages such as C++, C, Java. Particularly, Java is most likely used to this study for its good portability and cross-platform ability.Software design and development skills –such as OO design, design pattern, RUP. A good system is generally developed based on some excellent ideas and practices. Mathematical modeling skills –the researcher should also have strong mathematical background and modeling skills. Both are necessary to model mobility patterns and to correlate the mobility patterns of actual sensed data combined with gamification simulations of urban mobility to evaluate the effect of what-if scenarios of different transportation policies and incentives.Data mining – common pattern mining methods such as GSP, SPADE, AprioriAll should be grasped. If possible, some improvements in some of them will be better.Mobile devices (e.g. smartphones) –the researcher should be familiar with at least a mobile operating system (e.g. Android, iOS, Symbian, Windows Phone).Matlab and SPSS - they both are effective tools to evaluate the effect of what-if scenarios of different transportation policies and incentives.In conclusion, what I will have to learn is mainly about data mining. With good mathematical skills, I think it is not difficult to learn for me.REFERENCES[1] Li, Y., Y. Li, et al. (2012). Investigation of a coupling model of coordination betweenurbanization and the environment. Journal of Environmental Management 98(0), pp.127-133.[2] Foong Li, L., Z. M. Kasirun, et al. (2011). Gamification towards sustainable mobileapplication. In the 5th Malaysian Conference in Software Engineering (MySEC), 2011, pp.349-353.[3] Bayir, M. A. (2010). Enabling location aware smartphone applications via mobilityprofiling. State University of New York at Buffalo, pp.19-50.[4] Oja, M. and J. Riekki (2012). Ubiquitous Framework for Creating and EvaluatingPersuasive Applications and Games. Grid and Pervasive Computing Workshops. M.Rautiainen, T. Korhonen, E. Mutafungwaet al, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. LNCS 7096, pp. 133-140.。

Research proposal1. Title：Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21st century America in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road2. Introduction：1).about the author:a.Most Important achievements about Cormac McCarthy:Cormac McCarthy is an American novelist and playwright, who was once described as “the best unknown novelist in America”. So far McCarthy has written ten novels, one published five-act play, and one filmed screenplay, among which, novels are considered his most conspicuous literary achievements.On May 5th, 2009, Cormac McCarthy has won the biennial PEN/Saul Bellow award for lifetime achievement in American literature, for "a distinguished living American author of fiction whose body of work in English possesses qualities of excellence, ambition, and scale of achievement over a sustained career which places him or her in the highest rank of American literature".He received the Pulitzer Prize in 2007 for The Road, and his 2005 novel No Country for Old Men was adapted as a 2007 film of the same name, which won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture. He received a National Book Award in 1992 for All the Pretty Horses.His earlier Blood Meridian(1985) was among Time Magazine's poll of 100 best English-language books published between 1925 and 2005 and he placed joint runner-up for a similar title in a poll taken in 2006 by The New York Times of the best American fiction published in the last 25 years. Literary critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, along with Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo and Philip Roth. He is frequently compared by modern reviewers to William Faulkner.2. Proposed researched topicCormac McCarthy’s The Road and American Modern EschatologyOr Modern Eschatology of the 21st century America in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road3. Literature review:As Cormac McCarthy is a newly-rising writer, we can not see so many tremendous academic studies of him as of other classical writers.1)In USA, Cormac M cCarthy didn’t receive critical attention until the 1990s.So far the American critics and postgraduates have conducted studies of him in the following aspects with a few achievements. In spite of his numerous awards and prizes, McCarthy is frequently consideredas the successor of William Faulkner; however, with the popularity of No Country for Old Men and the great success of The Road, more mainstream critics and media keep an eye on this unknown famous writer.a.Monologues, dialogues, sentence structures inspire scholars to explore autotextuality in McCarthy’s works. Christine Chollier brings forward the idea that the writer is a master in binding and interweaving different voices together to generate and enhance an impression of reality. It is the writer’s talent in picking and arranging words that renders his works an organic unity rarely found in other western novels.Another thing that keeps attracting scholar’s attention is protagonists’ dreams, which, Edwin T. Arnold thinks, represent McCarthy’s “unique way of sharing world experience with readers”. Other themes, like wars, ethics, and modern technology, have all become the focuses of study.Some scholars ponder over another important theme in McCarthy’s works: human-nature relations. George Guillemin raises the idea that the writer is advocating a biocentric concept in all his books, which runs in contrast to the anthropocentric stance many western novels have assumed before. Guillemin points out that people’s hope to get closer to nature has been r uined by modern civilization. Barcley Owens, too, expresses the same concern over human’s attitudes towards nature and argues eloquently that McCarthy reveals his worry through the depiction of wilderness in his Border Trilogy.In The Lay of the Land in C ormac McCarthy’s Appalachia, K. Wesley Berry shows his interest in examining the geological changes in McCarthy’s Appalachia. A lot of data are brought in for a conclusion that human’s activities have already caused damages to natural environment, and if not stopped, will continue to harm the planet people are living on. In another essay by Sara Spurgeon, the idea that nature deserves to be explored and used by human is totally undermined through a closer examination of the message McCarthy tries to pass on to us in his works. The World on Fire deals with the same topic, but in a different way. Jacqueline Scoones finds McCarthy’s interest in portraying products of modern civilization and putting them in a setting of nature. Scoones insists that McCarthy intends to generate an odd contrast between civilization and nature, and to arouse a spontaneous hatred against people’s invasion into nature.Researchers also notice the animal images in his works. Major analysis include George Guillemin’s Some Site Where Life had not Succeeded, in which he mentions that John Grady’s attitude changes toward horses represent the wakening of his goodwill to nature. Western Myths in All the Pretty Horses and The Crossing by Barcley Owens explicitly affirms wolves as a “spokesman” of nature. And everything people could see from the animal and its relations with human may serve as the evidence that McCarthy hopes for a harmonious coexistence between human and nature.2) Cormac McCarthy’s works are still far from familiar to China’s literary circle.From the data from CNKI, it is clear that Cormac McCarthy has gained Chinese Critics’attention only in recent years, especially after the release of the movie No country for Old Men. Before 2007, there are only two essays on Cormac McCarthy, while since 2007, 5 essays and 5 graduate theses have chosen this writer and his works, two of which are based on The Road. However, those two just introduce the plots of the novel and some relevant information.3. The Main Argument (and three sub-arguments):This thesis will be carried out through the perspective of Modern Eschatology, especially in the views of the end days appeared after 911.1. The destruction of the world in the novel and its metaphorical truth2. The final judgments administered by the writer in the fictitious world and the crytic trial to the human civilization3.The Post-Doomsday Vista portrayed in The Road and the suggested attitude of the writer to the human future.4.Purpose and Significance of Study:First, this thesis introduces Cormac McCarthy into China, who claims certain fame in the USA but is little known in China. Surely, McCarthy will get his familiarity and fame in China gradually in which this thesis will play an incentive role.Second, social sciences see great initiation with the development of the modern nature sciences. The melting trend of different branches of sciences becomes more and more conspicuous. Many critics tend to analyze literary works from the point of philosophy, psychology, sociology, aesthetics, anthropology, etc. This thesis offers an example of such a trend.Third, this thesis claims its enlightening function. It presents us a new angle of view into the contemporary American culture after the 911 effect.5. A Detailed Sentence Outline:IntroductionThe part includes an introduction to Cormac McCarthy and The Road and literature reviews of existing findings. The origins, development and main thoughts of eschatology will be introduced as an important term for the thesis. Aside from those, a special attention will be given to how the 911 event effects the American culture and American literature.Chapter One the violent destruction of the world in The Road1.1 The ruins on the American Land1.2 The wasteland of the human spiritThis part will analyze the destruction of the world in the novel and its metaphorical truth.Chapter Two the final judgment of the righteous and the wicked in The Road2.1 The bad guys on the road2.2 The good guys on the roadThis part will discuss the final judgments administered by the writer in the fictitious world and the crytic trial to the human civilizationChapter Three:the Post-Doomsday Vista in The Road3.1 The allegoric meaning of the journey3.2 The symbolic image of the sonThe Post-Doomsday Vista portrayed in The Road and the suggested attitude of the writer to the human future will be presented in the third chapter.ConclusionThe total destruction presents readers the picture in the end of the world, but also deprives them of the endless horror about the uncertain future. In the end is the beginning. The author proclaims the resurrection for modern humans. What matters in the novel is the great humanity of the individual.1) On Literature and TheoryWolfreys, J. Introducing Criticism at the 21st Century [M].Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2002.Brooks, Cl. & Warren, R.P. Understanding Fiction [M]. 外语教学与研究，2004.Bradbury, Malcolm. The Modern American Novel [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction [M]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.Pizer, Donald, (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism [M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995Zhu, Gang.20th Century Western Literary Theories[M],XX外语教育出版，2001。

Research ReportClass: Twelve Group：EightGroup Members: XXXTitle: Comparison between Chinese High school Education and British High School Education.Abstract:As is known to us all, education is now playing a more and more important role in modern society. To China, a developing country, education is playing a more important role in the progress of China. But China has a long way to go. So this paper will give a show of the education system of China and Britain. And we’ll get more from this paper. F irst, different nations have different kinds of education systems. No matter in British or in China, education system has many differences. Secondly, between developed countries and developing countries, the former one is much better. Such as the education system in China and Britain, the Britain has a much more advantage and much better system. Finally, there are a lot of differences between the two countries’ education, and they also have much in common. From the differences and the similarities, we can g et more to improve our own nation’s education system. In a word, we get the longs and throw the shorts by the comparison of these two nations.Introduction:Generally speaking, both China and Britain have primary school, high school, university and the adult school. But as we can see, they still have many differences. Education is the root of a nation, a key for a nation to keep with the world. Therefore, education is always paid great attention by all the countries in the world. And different countries have different kinds of system of education such as British education and Chinese education. In this report, we take the high school education as an example. By the way, the secondary education in Britain is equal to the high school in China.The secondary is about 7 years in Britain from 13 to 19, and there are two complete education systems at this stage, the state school and the independent schools. In the state schools, variety of patterns of secondary school is bewildering as a result of recent reforms. There is no official control of curriculum in the elementary system, but in secondary schools we will find that their curricula are determined in practice by standard 6 or 7 subjects—English, French or German, mathematics, two sciences and history, but different types of schools have different emphases.At this stage of education, there are various schools. They are grammar schools, comprehensive secondary schools, secondary modern schools and “public schools”. The first three schools belong to the state system, while public schools belong to the category of independent schools. Very few grammar schools are secondary schools belong to the old system. All there schools are products of various periods in history.Grammar schools are the oldest schools in the U.K. Comprehensive secondary schools were established before 1960, in which pupils were not separated by the criterion of academic ability. Secondary modern schools offer general education, including some practical instruction, up to the age 15. Public schools, unlike preschools, are not private in the fullest sense. Every public school has a board of governors separately constituted. They control the finances and appoint the headmaster, who is in his turn appoints the teachers who have a great deal of freedom as to the books they choose and the experiments they do. Besides, Britain is the only country in Europe inwhich physical punishment is exercised at the present time in spite of the fact most of the teachers are against it and in favor of abolishing it.In China, high school education include two parts:3-year junior high school program and senior high school. From junior high school, students begin to learn a variety of science subjects such as chemistry, physics and biology and other subjects such as history, geography, and foreign languages. Physical education is enthusiastically encouraged. Senior high school education is a continuation of junior high school. Students take up specific subjects in either science or humanity subjects. Many contests are organized annually in all levels to encourage their study. The "Olympic Series" are the most noticeable ones. The purpose is for them in preparation for the national university entrance examination. Examinations are designed separately for science and arts students.Method:Talking about lifestyle and living environment as the breakthrough point and knowing more about his own experience in his daily life. Increasing his interests to share more. And then focus on the differences between Chinese education and Western Countries education. Finally discuss the significance of our research with our group member.Result:On the one hand, some traits of countries we all know that Chinese education is stringent and others are creative is found. On the other hand, something new is concluded as well: with the development of globalization, interaction between Chinese education and other countries is become increasingly obvious. According to our interviewee, we Chinese students pay more attention to our character cultivation and critical thinking. Meanwhile, our Chinese students' hard-working spirit is accepted to some extent. Other countries like British high school students are spending more hours studying based on his saying.Discussion:From the comparison, I think we can draw a conclusion that each education system has its own features. Studying the differences between Chinese education and foreign countries education can not only improve our overall cross-cultural communication skills but also take the essence of it and strengthen our weakness.Reference:1. Melville Jean Herskovits. Cultural Anthropology [M].New York,19952.Fang, F.Contrastive studies of Chinese and American values orientations in international communication [J]. 2005.3. Pearsall J. The New Oxford English Dictionary [M]. Oxford University Press, 2001:908.4.Maili Lei. Cultural Similarities and Differences between English Idioms and Chinese Ones[J].US-China Foreign Language,2006,4(7).5.Bassnett, Susan&Andre Lefevere. Constructive Cultures-Essays on Literary Translation[C].Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001:136-139.6. Shi Weiping.May, 1998. International and Professional Education Research.7.Wenzhe. September, 2002. To study in Europe. Qingdao Publishing House.8. Zhang Kuiwu.January, 2004. Survey of British & America.Jilin Scientific And Technique Press。

42013-10-9源自A Proposal Case
What's the purpose of this proposal? What's the content of the report?
The following is a proposal to conduct a feasibility study for the personnel section on the need for, and the benefits to be expected from, instituting an employee wellness program for the Automation Division of the Highway Department. The following proposal contains background on the need for and benefits from a wellness program, an outline of the work to do, my qualifications, and a schedule. This study may have to be expanded to include the entire department. I understand that the Automation Division cannot arbitrarily effect such a drastic policy change.
5
2013-10-9
A Proposal Case -- Outline
Need for a Wellness Program Benefits of a Wellness Program Report Audience My Qualifications

Research ProposalAbstractThis research proposal aims to investigate the effects of using virtual reality (VR) in education. Through this research, we aim to understand the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing VR technology in the traditional classroom setting. The study will explore the impact of VR on student engagement, knowledge retention, and overall learning outcomes. By examining the current literature, conducting surveys, and analyzing qualitative data, this research seeks to provide insights into the effectiveness of VR in enhancing the educational experience.IntroductionWith advancements in technology, virtual reality is becoming increasingly accessible and affordable. This immersive technology has the potential to revolutionize education by providing interactive and engaging experiences for students. By transporting students to virtual environments, VR has the ability to enhance their understanding of complex concepts, improve critical thinking skills, and foster creativity.However, before integrating VR into mainstream education, it is crucial to conduct research on its effectiveness and potential drawbacks. This research proposal outlines a systematic approach to investigate the impact of VR in education.Research ObjectivesThe primary objectives of this research proposal are as follows:1.To examine the benefits of using VR in the classroomenvironment.2.To evaluate the impact of VR on student engagementand motivation.3.To assess the effectiveness of VR in increasingknowledge retention.4.To identify potential challenges and limitationswhen implementing VR in education.5.To provide recommendations for integrating VR intothe traditional classroom environment.MethodologyThis research proposal will employ a mixed methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods.Literature ReviewTo establish a theoretical framework and understand the current state of research on VR in education, a comprehensive literature review will be conducted. This review will cover studies published in academic journals, conference proceedings, and relevant books. It will explore the advantages,limitations, and best practices of integrating VR into educational settings.SurveysTo gather quantitative data, surveys will be administered to teachers and students who have experienced VR in the classroom. The surveys will focus on assessing the perceived benefits, challenges, and overall satisfaction with using VR. Questions will also be included to measure student engagement, knowledge retention, and motivation levels.InterviewsIn addition to surveys, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with teachers and students to gather qualitative data. These interviews will provide more in-depth insights into the challenges and advantages associated with implementing VR in the classroom. Participants will be asked about their experiences, perceived impact on learning outcomes, and any suggestions they may have for improving VR integration.Data AnalysisThe collected data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for the qualitative data. The findings will be synthesized, and common themes and patterns will be identified.Expected OutcomesBy conducting this research, we anticipate the following outcomes:1. A better understanding of the benefits andlimitations of using VR in education.2.Insights into the impact of VR on studentengagement, motivation, and knowledge retention.3.Identification of potential challenges andrecommendations for integrating VR into the traditionalclassroom environment.4. A comprehensive report summarizing the researchfindings and recommendations for future implementation and research.ConclusionImplementing virtual reality in education has the potential to transform the way students learn and engage with content. This research proposal outlines a systematic approach to investigate the impact of VR in education. By collecting both qualitative and quantitative data, this research aims to identify the benefits, limitations, and best practices associated with VR integration. The findings of this study will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the use of VR in education and provide valuable insights for educators and policymakers.。