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高一英语建筑术语单选题50题1.The walls of this building are made of _____.A.steelsB.steelC.stonesD.stone答案：B。
本题考查建筑材料的名词用法。
steel 表示“钢”，是不可数名词，A 选项steels 错误；stone 表示“石头”，通常用作可数名词复数stones 或者不可数名词“stone”表示材料，但是题干中说的是墙的材料，应该用steel，因为钢是一种常用的建筑材料，而且是不可数名词。
2.This bridge is constructed with _____.A.concretesB.concreteC.woodsD.wood答案：B。
concrete 表示“混凝土”，是不可数名词，A 选项concretes 错误；wood 表示“木材”，通常用作不可数名词，但是表示“树林”时是可数名词，题干中说的是桥的建筑材料，应该用concrete，混凝土是建造桥梁常用的材料。
3.The roof of this house is covered with _____.A.tileB.tilesC.glassD.glasses答案：B。
tile 表示“瓦片”，是可数名词，A 选项tile 应该用复数形式；glass 表示“玻璃”，是不可数名词，题干中说的是屋顶覆盖的材料，通常是瓦片，所以用tiles。
4.This building has a foundation made of _____.A.bricksB.brickC.steelsD.steel答案：B。
brick 表示“砖”，是可数名词，但是在这里表示材料，用单数形式；steel 表示“钢”，通常不用来做建筑的基础材料，所以用brick。
5.The walls of this ancient building are made of _____.A.stonesB.stoneC.woodsD.wood答案：A。
中国六派建筑特点英语介绍Chinese architectural styles can be broadly classified into six main categories, known as the Six Schools of Chinese Architecture. Each school has its unique characteristics and features.1. Ancient Architecture (古代建筑): This style focuses on harmony with nature and emphasizes a balanced layout. It often incorporates elements like courtyards, wooden structures, and grey-green glazed roof tiles.2. Buddhist Architecture (佛教建筑): Influenced by Buddhist philosophy, this style is characterized by grand and elaborate structures, with intricate carvings and sculptures of deities. It often features pagodas, temples, and monasteries.3. Imperial Chinese Architecture (宫殿式建筑): This style is closely associated with the imperial dynasties and emphasizes power and authority. It is known for its majestic palaces, sprawling gardens, and precise symmetry. The Forbidden City in Beijing is a prime example of this style.4. Ethnic Minority Architecture (少数民族建筑): China is home toa diverse range of ethnic groups, each with their own architectural traditions. Ethnic minority architecture often features vibrant colors, intricate patterns, and unique structural designs that reflect their cultural identities.5. Garden Architecture (园林建筑): Chinese gardens are famous for their meticulous design and poetic beauty. They are often builtaround natural landscapes, with carefully arranged pavilions, bridges, and water features. Suzhou and Hangzhou are well-known for their classical gardens.6. Modern Chinese Architecture (现代建筑): With the rapid urbanization and economic growth in China, modern architectural styles have emerged. These include contemporary high-rises, avant-garde designs, and innovative urban planning. Examples include the iconic Bird's Nest stadium in Beijing and Shanghai's futuristic skyline.In conclusion, the Six Schools of Chinese Architecture offer a fascinating variety of styles, each reflecting different cultural, religious, and historical influences. From ancient wooden structures to grand imperial palaces, Chinese architecture is a testament to the country's rich heritage and evolving identity.。
2010年上海世界博览会，是展示当代建筑风格、时代风采的大舞台，向世人传达出诸多新动向。
在色彩绚丽多彩，形态千奇百怪的诸多风格中，由阿联酋(图1)、德国和西班牙等国家馆所呈现出的当代建筑新风格，既不同于古典建筑的数和谐风格，也有别于现代建筑直线网格式的线性风格，是一种非线性风格。
该风格表现出抽象、动感和不规则特点，具有强烈的视觉冲击效果。
那么，当代非线性建筑风格是如何形成，又蕴含着怎样的美学特质？1 建筑时代风格演变的历史经验追溯建筑风格演变的历史，时代的建筑风格与时代的科学哲学有着深刻的渊源。
例如，古希腊建筑风格所体现的比例和谐美，与古希腊时期的毕达哥拉斯学派的数和谐宇宙观相吻合。
毕达哥拉斯（Pythagoras, 572 BC-497 BC）学派宇宙观，奠定了古希腊时代建筑美学的基石。
其中，黄金分割率因体现数和谐宇宙观，而备受该学派的推崇。
作为古希腊建筑的最高成就，帕提农神庙(图2)从整体到局部的尺度，均符合黄金分割率。
其形态亦庄亦雅，透出高度的和谐美，是一个以数和谐秩序为灵魂的建筑典范，也是毕达哥拉斯宇宙观的完美体现。
再如，文艺复兴时期建筑风格，讲求视觉透视效果的精宜得体，这恰与当时的透视学、结构学等科学的出现相对应。
阿尔伯蒂（L.B. Leon Battista Alberti，1404-1472）发表论文，首次提出了透视学的关键——视线灭点。
透视学由此成为建筑师创造复杂而精宜建筑的利器。
达•芬奇（Leonardo da Vince， 1452-1519 ）倡导理性地探索工程力学。
建筑结构设计向更加理性的方向发展，逐步摆脱工匠式经验的束缚。
伯鲁乃列斯基(Fillipo Brunelleschi，1379-1446) 精通当时的最新科学：透视学、结构学、数学乃至机械学等。
借助于所掌握的科学成果，他设计的佛罗伦萨主教堂穹顶(图3)，在视觉艺术、 结构技术和工程建设等方面，超越以往的同类作品，堪称时代开篇之作。
重点词汇specifically. 具体地nonfunctional requirements. 非功能需求client-server architecture. 客户端-服务器架构operational requirements. 操作需求performance requirements. 性能需求security requirements. 安全需求specify. 指定specification. 规范specific. 特定的architecture design. 架构设计data storage. 数据存储data access logic. 数据访问逻辑application logic. 应用逻辑clients,servers,and network. 客户机、服务器和网络allocate. 分配Information extraction. 信息提取elements and relations. 元素和关系view fusion. 视图融合visualization and interaction. 可视化与交互pattern definition and recognition. 模式定义与识别interpretive, interactive, and iterative process. 解释性的、动态的、迭代的的过程involve. 涉及、包括artifact. 构件convert. 转换reconcile. 协调、理顺augment. 加强functionality. 功能(计算机或电子系统的) software architecture. 软件架构module structures. 模块结构component-and-connector structures. 组件-连接器结构Allocation structures. 配置结构logical DFDs and ERD. 逻辑数据流图和实体联系图the feasibility of techniques. 技术可行性network architecture DFD. 网络架构数据流图Data partitioning and replication. 数据分配和复制storing specific tables on different servers. 在不同服务器上存储特定表application architecture. 应用架构detailed design. 详细设计general design. 概要设计feasibility of techniques. 技术可行性data stores. 数据存储RDBMS. 关系数据库管理系统，Relational Database Management Systemapplication architecture. 应用架构database design specifications. 数据库设计规范internal control. 内部控制computer programmer. 计算机程序员reevaluate project feasibility. 重新评估项目可行性Information system. 信息系统requirements analysis. 需求分析systems development methodology. 系统开发方法project feasibility. 项目可行性specify. 指定、确定specification. 规格involve. 涉及、包括Architectural pattern. 架构模式model. 模型business architecture. 业务架构application architecture. 应用架构reference architecture. 参考架构software architecture. 软件架构Pipes and Filters. 管道与过滤器Model-View-Controller. MVC框架，模型(model)－视图(view)－控制器(controller) Reflection. 反射机制involve. 涉及、包括interaction. 交互pattern. 模式.component. 构件.constraint. 约束.semantic model. 语义模型.pope-and-filter. 管道-过滤器架构. architectural style. 架构风格specifically. 具体地.specify. 指定、确定.。
Styles of ArchitectureStep 1 of 3: Become familiar with 15 different styles of architecture.Instructions: on your own, research 15 of the 36 different styles of architecture listed below. Insert a picture and write a very short description of the style inyour own words. Add the site you used to find this information. Here is anexample of the layout you will use.Note: save your work often and create a table with the following features inWORD. This will help organize your work.Style Picture Description Gothic Architecture - Found in Europe- mid 12th century to the 16thcentury,- Recognized by cave likespaces with the walls brokenup by overlaid bars or ribs.-Pointed arches-Stained-glass windows Source: /EBchecked/topic/239678/Gothic-architectureStyles of ArchitectureGothic Architecture Tudor ArchitectureModern Architecture Mediterranean ArchitecturePost Modern Architecture Chicago SchoolClassical Architecture Japanese ArchitectureAncient Greek Architecture Expressionist ArchitectureAncient Roman Architecture Islamic ArchitectureBauhaus Architecture Florida ModernEgyptian Architecture Modern Chinese ArchitectureGoogie Architecture Futurist ArchitectureBlobitecture Prairie ArchitectureGreen Architecture Art Deco ArchitectureUnderground Architecture Korean ArchitectureTreehouse Architecture Art Nouveau ArchitectureAmerican Craftsman Rococo ArchitectureGeorgian Architecture Spanish ColonialElizabethan Architecture BuddhistDutch Colonial Architecture Malaysian ArchitectureModern Expressionist Danish FunctionalismStep 2 of 3: PowerPoint PresentationChoose 1 style of Architecture to focus on. Prepare a PowerPoint presentation on the architectural style you have chosen. We will be viewing the presentations in class. Your presentation should include:• A description or definition of the architectural style•Characteristics of this type of architecture•Examples of the style of architecture (at least 10) with explanations. USE PICTURES•The time and place where it began to be used•Did this style of architecture meet human requirements when it was created?What were those requirements or needs?•Did the environment have an effect on the design? Explain why or why not.•The reasons why it grew as a style of building•What has become of the style now (if that applies)•Do you like this style of architecture? Explain why or why not, give examples•What could be changed to make this style of architecture better in today’s world? Hints to making a good PowerPoint Presentation:•Include lots of visuals and minimal text!•Remember to put it in your own words.•Use point form•K eep in mind that if you don’t understand what you are writing your classmates won’t either.•Please use the correct slide format: i.e. do not choose a text template to paste a picture.Step 3 of 3: Perspective drawingCreate a 2 or 3 point perspective drawing of one of the buildings that represents your style of architecture. Complete this drawing on an 8x11 piece of whitepaper. This can be used in your portfolio at the end of the course. The drawingshould represent the major elements of architecture you researched. Have thisready to pass in when you present.。
建筑风格Architectural style 1、建筑风格的基本介绍Building wayArchitectural style from the era of political, social, economic, building materials and construction techniques such as restriction and building design ideas, opinions and artistic accomplishment and the influence of different. 建筑风格因受时代的政治、社会、经济、建筑材料和建筑技术等的制约以及建筑设计思想、观点和艺术素养等的影响而有所不同。
2、建筑风格根据不同的特征有不同的分类，这里我们根据建筑方式（Building the way ）的不同进行分类•1、Gothic architecture(哥特式风格）•2、The baroque style （巴洛克风格）•3、Rococo Style （洛可可风格）•4、Garden style （园林风格）3、Gothic architecture(哥特式风格）The cradle ：French 起源地：法国Current period ：13 to 15 century 盛行时期：13-15世纪The characteristics of ： the towering minaret, the scale of the superman and the adornment of overelaborate 特点：高耸的尖塔，超人的尺度和繁缛的装饰用一个词概括就是：Unity upward （统一向上）图片鉴赏 Cologne cathedral科隆大教堂Milan cathedral米兰大教堂The rose window of Strasbourg cathedral斯特拉斯堡大教堂的圆花4、The baroque style （巴洛克风格）•The cradle：Italy 起源地：意大利•Current period：The 17th and 18th century 盛行时期：17-18世纪•characteristics ：Appearance of liberty, the pursuit of dynamic, be fond of richly decorated and carving, strong colors 特点：外形自由，追求动态，喜好富丽的装饰和雕刻、强烈的色彩用一个词概括就是：luxury （奢侈）图片鉴赏The SAN dominico European church zenith圣尼齐欧洲教堂的天顶SAN carlo church front圣卡洛教堂前5、Rococo Style （洛可可风格）•The cradle：French 起源地：法国•Current period：In the 1720 s 起源时期18世纪20年代•characteristics ：Delicate charm, luxuriant choiceness, sweet greasy gentleness, numerous and complicated futile特点：纤弱娇媚、华丽精巧、甜腻温柔、纷繁琐细。
初二英语建筑风格特点单选题30题及答案1.The building is very tall and has many windows. It looks modern. What kind of building is it?A.old-fashionedB.modernC.traditionalD.classical答案：B。
本题主要考查对建筑风格词汇的理解。
选项A“old-fashioned”表示过时的、老式的，与题干中描述的现代外观不符。
选项B“modern”符合题干中提到的高大且有很多窗户的现代外观特点。
选项C“traditional”传统的，通常不会有很多现代的特征。
选项D“classical”古典的，也与题干描述不符。
2.This building has a sloping roof and wooden walls. It is very charming. What style is it?A.contemporaryB.rusticC.urbanD.minimalist答案：B。
选项A“contemporary”当代的，一般没有斜屋顶和木墙的特征。
选项B“rustic”乡村风格的，通常有斜屋顶和木墙，符合题意。
选项C“urban”城市的，与题干描述的风格不同。
选项D“minimalist”极简主义的，也不符合斜屋顶和木墙的特点。
3.The house is painted in bright colors and has unique decorations. It looks very lively. What kind of style is it?A.plainB.livelyC.dullD.monotonous答案：B。
选项A“plain”朴素的，与题干中明亮颜色和独特装饰不符。
选项B“lively”活泼的，符合题干描述。
选项C“dull”单调的，不符合。
选项D“monotonous”单调乏味的，也不符合。
1.建筑 10%architecture建筑, architectural style建筑风格, traditional传统的 modern现代的, postmodern后现代的 have aesthetic value有美学价值, energy-efficient 节能的 function功能 functional功能型的，实用的 historic site 历史遗迹 cultural relics 文化遗迹 national identity 民族特征 skyscraper摩天大楼 courtyard dwellings 四合院 well-structured 结构完好的 representation n. 代表 crystallization结晶/civilization 文明 exterior appearance 外表 interior内部的 eye sore 丑的东西 demolish, pull down 拆除 preserve保留, devastation破坏,2.环保: environmental protection 10%环境保护 environmentally-friendly 环保的 preservev.保护，保存conserve 污染： Pollute= contaminate, pollutant Pollution=contamination 垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), dump，recycle plastic bags, drinking cans biodegradablepackaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的 disposable可丢弃的 ~ product discourage v. 不鼓励 燃料 non-renewable 不可再生的 fossilfuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源 alternativeenergy替代能源 replace=substitute v.取代 (wind power, hydropower水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能 tidal power潮汐 radioactivity n. 辐射性 use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽 conserve v. 节省，节约, consume less v. 少消耗 危害动物: poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地, rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者 , natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区, protect wildlife保护野生动物, disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。
