英语中考归纳复习专题：动词与动词短语

外研版英语中考归纳复习专题：动词与动词短语【动词】动词一般分为实义动词、助动词、系动词和情态动词。

其中实义动词是主要考查点。

动词的基本形式:大部分动词有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。

第 1 页共28 页以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d【考点训练1】1.The little girl can _______ (sing) very well.第 2 页共28 页2.The person who is the earliest will get what he or she _______ (want).3.He _____ (write) a letter to his best friend yesterday.4.Edison enjoyed _______(try) his new ideas.5.My brother __________(make) many American friends since he _______ (come) here.答案：sing wants wrote trying has made came【实义动词与助动词的用法】1.实义动词实义动词本身含有实际意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。

其分类及用法如下：第 3 页共28 页第 4 页共28 页2.助动词助动词不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词（主要是实义动词）一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式。

常见助动词有be，do，have，will/shall等，具体用法如下：第 5 页共28 页第 6 页共28 页◆助动词在省略句中的运用为了避免重复，一些句子常常省略（前面提到过的）谓语动词，而用相应的助动词代替此谓语动词，助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。

这种用法也常用于一般疑问句的简略回答中。

如：She won’t go there，but I will(=but I will go there).［用助动词will代替will go there］—Do you have a pen?—Yes，I do(=I have a pen).［用助动词do代替have a pen］【考点训练2】第7 页共28 页用适当的助动词填空。

(注意否定形式)1.I don’t have a basketball，but my friend David_______.2.In England，tea _______ appear until around 1660.3.Although the man has a lot of money，it ________make him happy.4.You ______ catch the first bus unless you leave now.5.This is the most interesting book I _____ ever read.6.A baby’s first-month birthday is a special event in China and ______ with a special party. （）A.is celebratedB.is celebratingC.was celebratedD.celebrates答案：does didn’t doesn’t won’t have A【系动词的用法】系动词用于连接主语和表语，表示主语的身份、性质和状态等。

系动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟形容词、名词或介词短语等作表语。

英语中常见的系动词有：第8 页共28 页第9 页共28 页【考点训练3】1.What Mr.White said sounds ________ (friend).2.The children all looked _______ at the broken model plane and felt quite _______ .(sad)3.The meat smells ____ .Throw it away. （）A.wellB.goodC.badlyD.bad4.When spring comes，trees begin to ___ green.（）A.soundB.tasteC.keepD.turn第10 页共28 页5.—Good morning.I’d like a birthday gift for my mother.—What about this scarf? It is beautiful and it ___ soft and smooth. （）A.feelsB.looksC.seemsD.becomes答案：friendly sadly sad D D A【动词短语】动词短语是指动词跟介词或副词等构成的固定词组。

1.动词短语的分类(1)动词+介词在此类动词短语中，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。

如arrive at/in,ask for,come from,get to,laugh at,listen to,look after,wait for等。

(2)动词+副词在此类动词短语中，宾语为代词(宾格)时，只能位于动词和副词之间；宾语为名词时，位于副词前后均可。

如find out,give up,put off,turn on,think over等。

(3)动词+副词+介词在此类动词短语中，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。

如come up with,get on/along with,go on with,look forward to等。

(4)动词+名词+介词在此类动词短语中，名词之前可加形容词来修饰，宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。

如make friends with,make use of,pay attention to,take part in,take care of等。

第11 页共28 页2.初中阶段常用的动词短语agree with同意arrive in/at到达ask for要求……begin with以……开始belong to属于be made from/of由……制成break out （战争等）爆发bring back恢复；使想起；归还call （sb.）back （给某人）回电话call for要求;需要call in 召来；叫来call up打电话（给某人）；征召care about 关心;在意care for照顾；非常喜欢check out察看；观察第12 页共28 页cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来clean up 打扫（或清除）干净clean...off把……擦掉come in进来come out出来；出版；（花朵）开花come on快点儿come up with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）come back回来come from来自compare...with 比较；对比connect...with把……和……连接或联系起来cut out删除；删去cut down砍倒；削减（开支）cut up切碎deal/do with应对；处理depend on依靠;信赖;取决于第13 页共28 页die of死于（疾病,饥饿,寒冷等内在原因）die from死于（交通事故等外界原因）die out绝种；灭绝die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失divide...into把……分成dream of/about梦想；想象drive sb.crazy/mad使人发疯/发狂drop by顺便访问；随便进入end up以……结束fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着fall behind落后fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall into 落入;陷入……里fall in love with sb.爱上某人fall off 从……掉下fall over绊倒第14 页共28 页fight for争取获得（权力、自由等）fight against 同……对抗fight with和……并肩作战find out查明；弄清fix up修理；装饰get dressed穿上衣服get lost迷路get married结婚get on上车get off下车get over克服get on/along with和睦相处；关系良好get up起床；站起来get into （trouble）陷入（困境中）get in the way of挡……的路；妨碍get out of离开；从……出来第15 页共28 页get to 到达get used to习惯于give away赠送；捐赠give out分发；散发give in （to sb.）（向某人）屈服give up放弃go along沿着……走go through通过；经受go over复习go out of one’s way特地；格外努力go up （价格）上涨；上升go against违反go away离开go to the/a doctor去看医生go by （时间）逝去；过去go down （价格）下跌；（日、月）西沉第16 页共28 页go on （with）继续进行go out外出；熄灭go off （闹钟）发出响声go for a walk去散步grow up长大；成熟；成长hand in上交；提交hand out分发hang out闲逛；常去某处have...in common有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同have to do with关于；与……有关系have a break/rest休息have a cold感冒have a fever发烧have a look看一看have a stomachache胃痛have a point有道理hear of/about听说第17 页共28 页hear from收到某人的来信hold on to坚持hold up举起hold on别挂电话keep up with跟上keep out 不使……进入keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep...away from避免接近；远离keep on继续；坚持下来keep one’s cool沉住气；保持冷静keep...to oneself保守秘密kick sb.off开除某人knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上laugh at嘲笑lay out摆开；布置第18 页共28 页learn about 获悉；得知learn from 从/向……学习leave out不包括；不提及；忽略let...down使失望live on 以……为食live by靠……生活look for寻找；寻求look up （在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看look through快速查看；浏览look after照料；照顾look at 看一看look out当心look about/around/round四下查看look forward to盼望；期待look up to钦佩；仰慕look back at回首（往事）；回忆；回顾第19 页共28 页make sure确保；查明make...feel at home使（某人）感到宾至如归make a mess弄得一团糟（一塌糊涂）make an effort作出努力make one’s own decision自己做决定make one’s way前往；费力地前进make up编造（故事、谎言等）；组成make a difference （to...）（对……）有影响；有作用mix up混合pass by路过；经过pay back还钱pay for付费；付出代价pay attention to注意；关注pick up拾起；接人；接电话；收听（节目）pick out挑选prepare for为……做准备put down放下；写下第20 页共28 页put sth.to good use 好好利用某物put up张贴；举起；搭起put out扑灭put off推迟put...into放进……里put away收起来放好put aside放到一边put back放回put on穿上（衣服等）；增加（体重）；发胖；（戏剧）上演run after追逐；追赶run away跑开run out （of）用尽；耗尽search for 搜索；搜查sell out 卖光send out 发出；放出；射出send for派人去请第21 页共28 页separate from分离；隔开set up建起；设立set out出发；启程show up 出席;露面shut off关闭；停止运转stand out 突显；引人注目stand up 起立；站起来stay up 不睡觉;熬夜stick to坚持；固守talk about 讨论；谈论talk with/to...和……交谈talk back回嘴；顶嘴take a message捎个口信；传话take...seriously认真对待……take place发生；出现take after （外貌或行为）像第22 页共28 页take care of照顾；处理take off脱下（衣服等）；（飞机等）起飞take a risk/risks冒险take away拿走take part in参加take up （尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做take down拆除；往下拽；记录take a break/breaks休息take in 吸入；吞入（体内）take pride in为……感到自豪take one’s temperature量体温take the place of/take one’s place代替take out the rubbish倒垃圾think of想起；考虑think about思考；考虑think over仔细考虑；反复掂量throw away 扔掉；抛弃第23 页共28 页try on试穿try out参加……选拔；试用turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开turn off关掉（电流、煤气、水等）turn to翻到；转向……求助turn down调低（音量、亮度等）；拒绝turn back往回走turn round转过身来turn up调高（音量、亮度等）turn...into变成wait for等待；等候wake up 唤醒；弄醒；醒来work out （成功地）发展;解决worry about为……担忧write down写下；记下【考点训练4】第24 页共28 页1.Grandfather lives with us.We all ___ him. （）A.look atB.look forC.look afterD.look like2.As soon as she ____ at home，Sally knew she had bought the wrong dress. （）A.handed it inB.tried it onC.cut it outD.made it up3.—Don’t ___ too late，or you will feel tired in class.—I won’t，Mum. （）A.call upB.wake upC.stay upD.get up红色是答案【中考示例】(2017·广西)You should _____ your shoes before you enter the dance room. ( )A.take offB.put off第25 页共28 页C.get offD.fall off【解析】考查动词短语辨析。