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• The purpose of the BC / AD dating system
– to make the birth of Jesus Christ the dividing point
of world history
Gaius Julius Caesar
(July 13, 100 BC– March 15, 44 BC)
An Introduction to British History and Culture
English History
• Prehistoric England • Roman Britain (43-410) • The Anglo-Saxons and Vikings (450-1066) • Normans and Plantagenets (1066-1272) • Lancaster and York (1272-1485) • The Tudors (1485-1603) • The Stuarts (1603-1714) • Order and Disorder (1714-1837) • Victoria and Empire (1837-1910) • Peace and War (1910-1945) • Contemporary Britain (1945- )
1.2 Early Settlers
• New Stone Age , 3500—2500 BC
– Stonehenge 史前巨石阵
• a monumental circular setting of large standing stones surrounded by an earthwork
• Hunters and gatherers
– Old Stone Age (Paleolithic), 70,000—8000 BC – Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic), 8300—3500 BC – New Stone Age (Neolithic), 3500—2500 BC
– Gaelic 盖尔语 : language of Celtic origin
Chapter 2 Roman Britain
Roman Invasion (55BC-410AD)
British recorded history begins with Roman invasion.
– first landing in 55 B.C. led by Julius Caesar
1.1 Geography: Geography and History
• isolated from Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea
• once perceived as being on the edge of the world
Stonehenge
In Search of History 00:20 — 01:38
1.2 Early Settlers
• The Celts (Iron Age, 700—100 BC)
– from north-western Europe, ancestors of the highland Scots, the Irish and Welsh
Chapter 1 Early England
1. Old Stone Age, 70,000—8000 BC 2. Middle Stone Age , 8300—3500 BC 3. New Stone Age , 3500—2500 BC 4. Bronze Age, 2500—700 BC (Iberians) 5. Iron Age, 700—100 BC (Celts) 6. The Dawning of English History 150
• Generally mild and tempபைடு நூலகம்rate weather
– allows farming to flourish across the country – North: less fertile land, wetter – South: fertile land, drier
1.2 Early Settlers
• a Roman military and political
leader
• played a critical role in the
transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire
Roman Invasion (55 BC - 410 AD)
– complete control over the land in 43 A.D. – leaving in around 410 A.D.
What is the meaning of B.C. and A.D.?
• BC – stands for "before Christ"
• AD – stands for the Latin phrase “anno domini” – means "in the year of our Lord"
• The seas around Britain also acted as barriers against attempted invasions:
– The Armada, 1588; the French, 1805, Nazi Germany, 1940
1.1 Geography: Weather
BC—50
1.1 Geography: Some Terminology
Official title
– United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
– British Isles
• including Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, all the offshore islands
