(完整版)介词+关系代词

英语词类英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词(int erjection)。

英语代词的用法全归纳一、定义与分类代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。

代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。

综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。

二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述这三种代词都有人称（第一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，性（阴性、阳性、中性）以及格（主格、宾格）的变化。

物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。

这三种代词的形式变化表如下：三、人称代词的用法1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。

它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。

如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student.Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.The boys are students, and they are in the room.The doy is small. It is Tom's.2)人称代词的句法功能A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。

B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。

如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语)She and I are good friends(主语).Neither she nor I am student.——I saw the boys this morning.——Are you sure it was they(表语)?C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。

介词加关系代词的用法关于介词加关系代词的用法：一、介词：1、关于介词的使用：（1）介词的分类：在英语中，介词包括核心介词(也称为不可分割介词，如in，on，at等)、短语介词(结合介词，如because of， according to， in front of等)、复合介词(如in order to， by means of等)。

（2）介词的使用规则：①部分介词后面要接宾语，可是宾语是名词还是代词，要根据具体情况。

如for her, behind them。

②介词要与动词搭配使用，如read with, drive in, think of等。

③如果名词和动词单复数相同，就不需要再添加介词，除非指明特定的人或物，如They arrived late. 但They arrived late for her.二、关系代词：1、关系代词的分类：英语中的关系代词实际上是“定语代词”，关系代词可以分为三类：1.指物的关系代词，包括：which，that，what; 2. 指人的关系代词，包括：who，whom，whose; 3. 再复合句中引导同位语的关系代词，即as，like，than。

2、关系代词的使用规则：（1）表示物的关系代词：1）which 引导非限定定语从句，可指不明确的动、物，也可指明确的动、物。

2）that 常用来引导限定性定语从句，可指不明确的物，也可指明确的物。

3）what 强调句子某部分，也可指人。

（2）表示人的关系代词：1）who 常用来引导定语从句，但用在做主语、宾语或其他句子成分时要用whom，无论是限定性还是非限定性定语从句，只能指人。

2）whose 用来引导定语从句，指人，表示物主关系。

（3）表示相同身份、类别、性质的关系代词：1）as 后接人或事物名词，用来指代前面的词语或代词，表示相同的身份、类别、性质的关系。

2）like 后接人或事物名词，用来指代前面的词语或代词，表示相同的身份、类别、性质的关系。

介词加关系代词的三种来源1、介词加关系代词：(1)介词+关系副词：①"in/at/on which"(关于时间)：指示介词加关系副词表示时间，如“in which(在里面)， at which(在哪里)，on which(在上面)”等，可用来指代之前所述的特定事件或者时间。

例：We all gathered at the same place at which we had promised.②"in/at/on who/whom"(关于人)：介词加关系副词指示人，如“in who/whom(在里面)，at who/whom(在谁的旁边)，on who/whom(对谁说)”等，可用来指代之前提到的特定人。

例：He was wearing a purple shirt on who was a skull pattern.(2)介词+关系代词：①"with/in/to/for which"(关于物品)：指示介词加关系代词表示物品，如“with which(与之)，in which(在其中)，to which(面向它)，for which(为之)”等，可用来指代特定的物品或事物。

例：He found the gun with which he is going to shoot.②"of/for/to/from whom"(关于人)：介词加关系代词表示人，如“of who/whom(所属)，for who/whom(为谁)，to who/whom(对谁说)，from who/whom(来自谁)”等，可用来指代特定的某人或多人。

例：He apologized to all the people for whom he had wronged.。

There are two teaching buildingsstand ing in the both sides of our school.There are two teaching buildingswhich/that stand in the both sides of our school.难点语法------定语从句“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom/which”的熟练使用难点一、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day on which// when I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days during which// when I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year in which// when my son went to college.before which// when most people had had supper.B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book for which I paid 29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book on which I spent 29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book from/in which we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book about which she often talks?难点二、“介词＋whom/which”与“whom/which/that/…＋介词”的转换。

1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood.The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is made of wood.2) Is this the book which you are looking for?介词for不能与look分开。

(完整版)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句专项练习练一1. The book __(1)on which__ I spent a lot of money was stolen.2. Do you know the man __(2)to whom__ Mary is talking?3. I have a friend __(3)from whom__ I always seek advice.4. The car __(4)in which__ they were traveling broke down on the highway.5. The house __(5)in which__ they used to live is now vacant.6. The dog __(6)with which__ she used to play has gone missing.7. The girl __(7)for whom__ he bought the flowers was very happy.8. This is the park __(8)in which__ they had their picnic last week.9. The restaurant __(9)at which__ they had dinner was very crowded.练二1. The person __(1)to whom__ she was speaking is my brother.2. I hate the movie __(2)about which__ they were talking.4. The university __(4)from which__ I graduated is highly regarded.5. The laptop __(5)on which__ she is working is very expensive.6. He is the professor __(6)to whom__ I submitted my research paper.7. The book __(7)about which__ they were arguing is a classic.8. The place __(8)to which__ they are heading is our favorite restaurant.9. The project __(9)on which__ they are working seems very interesting.练三1. The person __(1)for whom__ she bought a gift was very pleased.2. I don't like the city __(2)in which__ they live.3. The school __(3)to which__ I'm applying has a great reputation.5. The job __(5)for which__ she applied requires a lot of travel.6. He is the doctor __(6)to whom__ I am going for a second opinion.7. The project __(7)for which__ they were hired is very challenging.8. The event __(8)to which__ they invited us is next month.9. The school __(9)in which__ they are studying is highly ranked.10. The book __(10)for which__ he won an award is a bestseller.。

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句专项练习1. There are species living in the depths of the oceans______we still know little.A.for whichB.in whichC.of whatD.of which2.I’ve read many stories of Lei Feng,___this is the most touching one.A.whoB.of whichC.of whomD.that3.Today’s English learners have a wide choice of dictionaries______to choose.A.from whichB.in whichC.for whichD.of which4.A good advertisement often uses words_____people attach positive meanings．A．that B．which C．with which D．to which5.The position,however,_____you are applying,is not quite a well-paid one.A.thatB.for whichC.whichD.to which6.Trading leather handbags is the business_____the Greens have been devoted over the past decade.A.whatB.whereC.in whichD.to which7.In our city there are several big public parks_____many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.A.in whichB.at whichC.from whichD.to which8. Mr.David has been to Many cities in China,_____Xi’an has impressed him most.A.of whichB.in whichC.with whichD.on which9.On the second floor there are two rooms,_____is used as a meeting room.A.the larger of whichB.one of themC.the larger one of thatD.the largest of which10.The police arrived,_____the situation became calmer.A.after whichB.before whichC.in whichD.from which11.I feel uncomfortable each time I remember the situation____my brother didn’t agree with me_____the matter．A．where；to B．that；at C．which；about D．in which；on12.The English play______my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which13. Soon children in tha camp had many new friends,_____they shared food,stories and projects.A.for whichB.with whomC.of whichD.to whom14.About1.62million Chinese students went abroad to study between1978and2009,_____only497,400have come back.A.whoB.among whomC.among whichD.in which15.China has56nationalities,each of_____has its own characteristics,forming the various and colorful Chinese culture.A.themB.whatC.thatD.which16..Eric received training in the computer for one year,______he found a job in a big company.A.after thatB.after whichC.after itD.after this17.Following the guide,we went into a house,____wall hung a picture of Einstein.A.on itsB.on thatC.on whoseD.on which18.She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction_____had taken more than three years.A.for whichB.with whichC.of whichD.to which19.In Western Culture,21was the age_____young people traditionally received a key to their parents’door,as a symbol of entering adulthood.A.in whichB.on whichC.at whichD.to which20.We stayed in a quiet hotel,_____.A.next to it was a thick woodB.next to which was a thick woodC.next to it there was a thick woodD.next to which a thick wood was21.In the end,it was Becky____he turned for a gentle word and a smile.A.on whomB.in whomC.to whomD.for whom22.American women usually identify their best friend as someone____they can talk frequently.A．who B．about which C．as D．with whom23.He bought a nice computer,_____is not so high as expected.A.its priceB.which priceC.the price of itD.of which the price24..The place____the bridge is supposed to be built should be___the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.A.which;whereB.at which;whichC.at which;whereD.which;in which25.The position_____you are applying requires good computer skills and fluency in English.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.to which26.In the office I never seem to have time until after5：30pm_______，many people have gone home.A.whose timeB.thatC.on whichD.by which time27.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_____are beyond our control.A.most of themB.most of whichC.most of whatD.most of that28.The man pulled out a gold watch,_________were made of small diamonds.A.the hands of whomB.whom the hands ofC.which the hands ofD.the hands of which29.For many cities in the world,there is no room to spread our further,______New York is an example.A.for whichB.in whichC.of whichD.from which30.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_____the s ailing time was226days.A.of whichB.during whichC.from whichD.for which31.Maria has written two novels,both of___have been made into television series.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what32.Care of the soul is a gradual process____even the small details of life should be considered.A.whatB.in whatC.whichD.in which33.In our class there are46students,_____half wear glasses.A.in whomB.in themC.of whomD.of them34.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,________there won't be much work.A.whereB.thatC.by whichD.without which35.After the adjustment of national holidays，many people put up Internet mails，90percent____voiced support.A.of whichB.of whomC.of themD.among them36.The settlement is home to nearly1,000people,many of______left their village homes for a better life in the city. A．whom B．which C．them D．those37.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_____we may return in the near future.A.on whichB.by whichC.to whichD.from which38.Gun control is a subject_____Americans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC.about whichD.into which39.Many children,______parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A.theirB.whoseC.of themD.with whom40.I was born in New Orleans,Louisiana,a city________name will create a picture of beautiful treesand green grass in our mind.A.WhichB.of whichC.thatD.whose41.He was educated at a local grammar school,____he went on to Cambridge.A.from whichB.after thatC.after whichD.from this42She brought with her three friends,none of______I had ever met before.A.themB.whoC.whomD.thesest week,only two people came to look at the house,________wanted to buy it.A.none of themB.both of themC.none of whomD.neither of whom45.________is known to us all that the old scientist，for life was hard in the past，still works hard in his eighties.A.It;whomB.As;whomC.As;whoseD.What;whom一、根据句子意思，在下列句子的第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个空白处填入关系代词whom或which。

一行二动三意义纵观10年来各地高考试题对定语从句的考查，越来越突出能力立意，通过一系列的增元、减员，前置等变换手段来考查.定语从句中关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考生十分头疼的一大难题。

之所以难，主要在于难以选出合适的介词。

应对“介词+关系代词”中介词如何选则这一难题，笔者根据教学经验,总结出一套行之有效的秘诀:“一先二动三意义”.一、一先,即先杀先行词。

从先行词下手。

介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。

杀题背景：当先行词往往是那些表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词时,它们与介词之间有一定的固定联系，多用这种方法。

(比如时间常和on; in、by搭配，地点常用on; in; at，原因用for，方式用in； by; with等等) eg： The pencil _____C__he used to write is broken。

A. in which B. by which C。

with which D。

with that解题:考的是“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词指物的话用which,指人whom，先把D选项排除了。

剩下这三项选择哪个呢？我们先从先行词下手，pencil是工具范畴,介词搭配一般用with，选择C。

【牛刀小试】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___A___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东卷） A。

in which B. by which C. which 解题：when 引导时间状语从句“在那个情景中，人被老虎吃掉"。

先行词scene情景，场合，属于“时间，地点”类型的词。

符合我们杀题三部曲之第一部曲的杀题背景。

我们说在情景中，在场合下，搭配的介词是in ，in the scenes 选择A .二、杀题第二部曲-———二动。

“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词 +关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词 +关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。

在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和 whom 。

如先行词是物，引导词用which ；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom 。

如：This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.This is the student for whom I bought the book.考点 1 简单介词 +关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which ；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。

（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。

例如：Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasn t a single ’person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。

例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。

“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前,即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。

例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher。

=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.一、基本构成1。

“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即:介词+which/whom。

（1）The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.（2)The city in which she lives is far away。

（3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时,用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。

2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which（指物)；that/who/whom （指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。

如:（1） The man (who/whom /that ）you spoke to is a teacher。

（2)The city（which/that）she lives in is far away.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后,也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分,介词只能放在动词后，如： look for, look after, pay attention to ，take care of ， look forward to, listen to等.This is the pen that / which you are looking for.The patient whom she is looking after is her father。

(完整版)高中英语代词代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词（personal pronouns）: I You She2 物主代词（Possessive Pronouns）: My, His3 自身代词（self pronouns）: myself4. 相互代词（reciprocal pronouns）: one another, each other5. 指示代词（demonstrative Pronouns）:this, that, those, these6. 疑问代词（interrogative pronouns）: who, whom, whose, what, which用来构成特殊问句的。

7. 关系代词（relative pronouns）: who, whom, whose, that, which等引导定语从句的。

8. 连接代词（conjunctive pronouns）:疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。

9 不定代词（indefinite pronouns）: all, each, both等一人称代词人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。

在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.It is she who wants this clothes.在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。

e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。

e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。

He and she still don’t agree to the plan.二物主代词1.1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.2) 主语Ours is a big family.3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later.2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….三11）作宾语I can’t express myself in English.2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。