2016年长宁区初三物理二模(含答案)

2016学年第二学期长宁等区初三模拟考英语试卷满分：150分考试时间：100分钟Part 1 Listening 第一部分听力I. Listening Comprehension 听力理解共 30 分A. Listen and choose the right picture 根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片6分. _________3. _________4. _________5. _________6. _________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear 根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案：8分7. A. Spring B. Summer C. Autumn. D. Winter.8. A. In New York. B. In Boston C. In Washington. D. In London.9. A. $7. B. $9. C. $5. D. $210. A. A waitress. B. A librarian. C. A shop assistant. D. A clerk11. A. At a school library. B. At a restaurantC. At a police station.D. At a supermarket.12. A. Helen. B. Frank C. Eddie. D. Lily13. A. The man spends a lot of money on gas.B. The man is saving money for a new car.C. The man is repairing his parents' carD. The man is making money for the new car.14. A. She will cancel her train.B. She will catch her train.C. She will stop her train.D. She will get off her train.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether t丨le following statements are true or false 判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示6分15. The military camp was built in the village to make soldiers live quietly.16. Mr. Hunt let the soldiers have a holiday because he knew them well.17. Mr. Hunt worried about the soldiers because they didn't come back to the camp on time.18. Seven soldiers said their buses broke down and hey had to buy horses.19. The last soldier said he was late because the dead horses blocked the bus's way.20. Although all the soldiers gave their reasons, the officer might punish them anyway.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences 听文章,完成句子;每空格填一词21. Ben got a_________ _________ t eddy bear from his parents on his first birthday.22. At night, Ben always got to sleep with the teddy bear_________ _________ him.23. The teddy bear was taken to_________ _________and even to school when Ben grew up.24. Ben got a job in the_________ _________ and had his own place there.25. The baby boy was so happy to see the old teddy bear which Ben gave him to _________ _________Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar第二部分语音,词汇和语法II. Choose the best answer 选择最恰当的答案：共20分26. Which of the following words matches the sound /laif/A. laughB. leafC. lifeD. live27. Which of the following underlined parts is different iii pronunciation from the othersA. You will be able to read in peace.B. Shall I ask for a larger steakC. Ice cream is high in fat and sugar.D. Who is weak in spoiling in our class28. Could you do me________favor and pick up Sam from school todayA. aB. anC. theD. /29. It was reported that a powerful typhoon hit the Philippines_ _______November, 2013.A. inB. atC. onD. of30. It's amazing that my opinion on the problem is similar ________my teacher’s.A. ofB. forC. atD. to31. Some people go to coffee shops to meet friends, ________may just want to have a cup of nice coffee.A. anotherB. the otherC. othersD. the others32. The football player felt extremely ________after they won the game .A. luckB. luckyC. luckilyD. unlucky33. Though I ordered several items of clothing online on Taobao four days ago , _________have arrived.A. noneB. neitherC. bothD. either34. Get all the things you have packed , _________it’s time to set off for the camping site.A. orB. andC. butD. sois so shy that she won’t join our school choir ________she is asked to .A. ifB. unlessC. becauseD. when36. Don’t talk to the elderly like that , John. We_________respect and be kind to them .A. canB. mayC. needD. should37. Maybe in the near future, students ________at home through the Internet.A. studyB. has studiedC. is studyingD. will study38. The sportsman suddenly ________down while he was running the1,500-meter race.A. would fallB. fellC. was fallingD. had fallen39. Mr. White always expected his son ________ an active part in the classes.A. takingB. takeC. takesD. to take40. 一I don't I know how to use the latest software.---- ________A. So do I.B. So am I.C. Neither do I.41. 一________did it take you to prepare this big family ineal—About six hours.A. How longB. How soonC. How often42. People ________to set off fireworks around the center of the city last Spring Festival.A. weren’t allowedB. won't be allowedC. will allowD. didn't allow43. I wonder ________as the advertisement has promised.A. does the air-cleaner really work C. that the air-cleaner really works44. May I have a look at your new iPad miniA. Sure, here you are.B. You are welcome.C. Hold on, please.45. —Would you like me to help you with the suitcase--- ________A. Yes, I'd love lo.B. That's very kind of you.C. Sorry, you can't.D. It's a pleasure.Ⅲplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once将下列单词或词组填入空格;每空格限填一词,每个单词或词组只能填一次：共8分A. calmB. realC. any longerD. stillE. quietlyFrom the 007 series to Iron Mail, cool gadgets 装备like smart watches and high-tech glasses impress audiences. Now the 46 world is welcoming them. The world of wearable technology is growing 47 , and it's planning to lake over. Let's look at someof the gadgets.HeadwearReading on a bus or while you’re running often makes you dizzy 头晕. But with a small device 设备 called Run-n-Read, you won't have the same feeling 48 .You can wear it on your head or your T-shirt. It moves the text on the screen of your iPad or other reading device at the same time as your eyes. Though a person standing nearby can see the text jumping up and down, for you the text looks perfectly49 . Your head moves, but the words don't.A. examplesB. deepC. recordD. from time to timeE. one after anotherBracelets 手镯Wearing a sensory 传感的bracelet can help you find out where you’ve run, how many calories 卡路里you've burned, how 50 your sleep was, etc. A few companies have already been producing great fitness tracking devices for some time. The FitBit Surge is one of best 51 . The Surge has an LED touch display screen, which allows you to control your smartphone and see who is calling ormessaging you. It also has eight different sensors and can 52 many different sporting activities.ShoesIf you've ever got tired of looking at your smartphone 53for directions when visiting a place, you might want to try Lechal smart shoes. The shoes work by using Bluetooth to connect to a phone app. The shoes direct you by vibrating either the left or right foot to tell you which way you should turn.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms 用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子;每空格限填一词：8分54.Some parents buy new _________for their kids before Christmas. toy55. All the classmates took the difficult exam, but only_________ of them passed. fifth56. Jack watched quite a lot of NBA games, so he thought_________a basketball fan. him57. The _________team from Shanghai will arrive in Yunnan in three days, medicine58. He wants to live in a place where he can _________clean and fresh air. breath59. It is very _________of you to lie to the manager about your education background, honest60. Nowadays many taxi apps enable people to get around the city more_________. easy61. Talk to me about what is troubling you. I'll help you to _________it. solutionV. Rewrite the following sentences as required 根据要求改写句子;每空格限填一词共14分has a piano lesson once a week.改为否定句Joe_________ _________a piano lesson once a week.63. Be careful, a car’s coming Get out of the way.保持句意基本不支_________ _________, a car’s coming Get out of the way.64. To make a good impression, Kim put on his finest suit for the interview.对划线部分提问_________ _________Kim put on his finest suit for theinterview65. Gary’s parents seldom buy him name-brand sports shoes.改为反意疑问句Gary's parents seldom buy him name-brand sportsshoes,_________ _________G6. Our headmaster has just showed some guests around the school 改为被动语态Some guests _________just _________showed around the school by our headmaster.67. Toy Story is really an attractive movie.改为感叹句_________ _________attractive movie Toy Story 3 is68. him, for, I,his iPhone 7 Plus, breaking, apologized to 连词成句____________________________________________________________ ______Part 3 Reading and Writing 第三部分读与写VI. Reading Comprehension 阅读理解：共 50 分A. Choose the best answer 根据文章内容,选择最恰当的答案：12分Agatha Christie is undoubtedly queen of the detective story. Many people have fallen in love with her creations —Hercule Poirot, a famous Belgian detective and Miss Marple, an old lady who is also an amateur 业余的detective.As I am a big fan of Agatha Christie, let me share with you an interesting story about her. The famous writer never forgot that night when she met a robber many years ago. That evening, she was invited to a birthday party which lasted until 2 o'clock in the morning. Agatha walked in the quiet street alone. Suddenly from the shadow of a dark building a tall man with a sharp knife in his right hand ran out at her. "Good morning, lady," the man said in a low voice, "I don't think you wish to die here"“What do you want” Agatha asked.“Your earrings. Take them off”Agatha suddenly had a bright idea. She tried to cover her necklace with the collar 衣领of her coat while she used the other hand to take off both of her earrings and then she quickly threw them on the ground.“Take them and let me go,” she said. The robber saw that the girl didn’t care for the earrings at all, only trying to protect the necklace. He thought the necklace would cost more, so he said, "Give me your necklace." "Oh, sir. It's not worth much. Please let me keep it."Stop talking rubbish. Quick"With shaky hands, Agatha took off her necklace. As soon as the robber disappeared, she picked up her earrings and ran as fast as she could to one of her friends. In fact, the earrings cost 480 pounds and the necklace the robber had taken away cost only six pounds.69. What does Agatha Christie writeA. Science fiction.B. Fairy tales.C. Detective stories70. The birthday party ___________o’clock in the morning.A. was over at 2B. didn’t end after 2C. didn't end at 2D. ended before 271. Agatha never forgot the night, for she___________.A. was robbed of her earringsB. had a good time at the birthday partyC. was robbed of her necklaceD. was robbed, but she fooled the robber72. The italicized word "it" in the passage refers to___________.A. the necklaceB. one of the earringsC. the coatD. the knife73. Which of the following is NOT trueA. Agatha pretended not to care for her earrings and threw them to the ground.B. Agatha pretended to care for her necklace and covered it with the collar.C. Agatha didn't really care for her necklace because it was much cheaper than the earrings.D. Agatha really cared for her earrings because they were gifts from her friends.74. What is best title of the passageA. A foolish robberB. A clever and brave writerC. Earrings and necklaceD. Agatha Christie and her fansB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage 选择最恰当的单词或词语, 完成短文12 分I recently watched my sister perform an act of magic.We were sitting in a restaurant, try to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The____75_____—over a fork, or who had more water in a glass—never stopped.Like a magician who makes a group of children quiet by pulling a rabbit out of a hat, my sister reached into her purse and look out two shiny Apple iPads, handing one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we ____76_____with our conversation.After our meal, as we put the iPads back into their magic bag, my sister felt a bit____77_____.“ I don't want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if it keeps them busy for an hour so we can eat in peace,and_____78____, not disturb other people in the restaurant, I often just give it to them," she told me. Then she asked: "Do you think it’s bad for them I do worry that it is making them think it's OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future."I did not have an answer, and____79_____ some people might have opinions, no one has a true scientific understanding of what the future might be for a generation raised on screens. Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center says we do know that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli 刺激,like iPads and smartphone screen, and if people spend too much time with one technology, and less time acting together with people like parents at the dinner table, that could make it difficult to develop their communicative skills.We really don’t know the full neurological 神经学上的effects of these technologies yet. But learning about being alone is the basis of early development. If we don't teach our children how to be alone, maybe they 'll____80_____know how to be lonely in the future.75. A. opinions B. arguments C. discussion D. conversation76. A. continued B. talked C. shared D.communicated77. A. satisfied B. comfortable C. surprised D. sorry78. A. after all B. more importantly C. at present D. for example79. A. until B. if C. although D. because80. A. hardly B. never C. also D. onlyC. Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words 在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给14分It's as hard to be a good father as it is to be a good mother—maybe harder.Does Father’s Day cause anxiety 紧张 Does it make you wish you had a better relationship with your own father—or with your own children Was your father your friend Your e 81 Or was he just a man doing his bestSome men are excellent dads but they are not the ones you'll see on posters for Father's Day: they are not the smiling men full ofenergy, but i 82 ,they are the tired and underpaid 薪水不高的men.My good father was one of those exhausted men. He spent 12 hours working hard every day w 83 complaint so that we could live in a house and not in an apartment. I never thought he would show up at school plays I was in or attend the award events. Although my father didn't feel it necessary to be p 84 to show his support, he encouraged me whole-heartedly. I a 85 his encouragement in the way he offered it and learned to play in public; it wasn’t his applause 掌声I was looking for, after all, because I knew I already had it. To him, I had nothing to prove.A good father loves unconditionally 无条件地and allows you to understand him by actions. A b 86 dad always tells you your success is his success, your failure is his failure and he's not there as a support or a guide but as a j 87 . To my great father, I want to say "Thank you for what you've given us and all you’ve done.”D. Answer the questions 根据短文内容回答下列问题：12分Almost every woman likes going shopping. Personally speaking,I enjoy shopping in the ., even if it's just window shopping. The sales service is the key reason why I like shopping in the . much more than shopping in China. Every brand has its own official website where customers can see products and order directly online, so the products can be sent home directly. As for those who enjoy shopping in real stores, shopping experiences are rather free and open. Different from that in China, most stores do not provide personal shop assistants unless you ask one of the staff about a specific question. It is never necessary to tell them to leave you alone.I especially like this kind of free atmosphere in which I can walk slowly, pick whatever I want and decide which is to take without any personal suggestions from shop assistants. Although sometimes, store staff help customers to fetch shoes or clothes of a specific size or color, they never exaggerate 夸大their opinions on it, as their task is to provide service but not to provide comments. Besides, each brand has a refund policy 退款政策.The policy may vary from one another, but a cooling-off period of 14 to 28 days is provided for customers to think twice about whether they really want the products they bought. Within the cooling-off period, customers can easily get full refund or exchange if they can provide a valid receipt 有效发票and unused products with all the tags. It encourages customers to buy products more often and increases sales.As for customers, it is also good, for people can have a chance to get back their money which was spent on unwanted clothes.The . is a modern country with traditions. While it says yes to the fast pace of modern fashion industry, it also provides93 for its tourists and customers. It fully deserves the title of “Shopping Paradise”.88. What is the most important reason why the writer likes shopping in the .此题 1 分89. In the writer's opinion, why are shopping experiences free and open in the .90. What does the underlined word “them” refer toIt refers to____________________________91. Do store staff usually help customers fetch things or give comments in the .92. How can customers get a full refund or exchange93. What can be filled in the blank in the last paragraph此题3 分It also provides________________________.VII. Writing 共 20 分94. Write at least 60 words on the topic “ A story about_________”.以“一个关于-------的故事”为题,写一篇不少于60词的短文,标点符号不占格;注意：1.在答题上将题目补充完整;2.短文中不得出现任何姓名、校名及其它相关信息,否则不予评分;参考答案:Part 1A. 1-6 FAC HEBB. 7-14 DCCA DBABC. 15. F 16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. TD. 21. soft brown 22. next to 23. zoos parks 24. big city 25. play withPart 226-30 CBAAD 31-35 CBABB 36-40 DDBDC 41-45 AADAB 46-53 BECD BACD54. toys 55. five 56. himself 57. medical 58. breathe 59. dishonest 60. easily62. doesn’t have63. Look out/ Watch out 64. Why did65. do they66. have been 67. What an68. I apologized to him for breaking his iPhone 7 Plus.Part 3A. 69-74 CADADBB. 75-80 BADBCDC. 81. enemy/elder 82. instead 83. without 84. present 85. accepted86. bad 87. judgeD. 88. Sales service.89. Because most stores do not provide personal shopping assistants. / Because she can walk slowly, pick whatever she wants and decide which is to take without any personal suggestions from sales assistants.90. It refers to the shop assistants.91. They usually help customers fetch things.92. They can provide a valid receipt and unused products withall the tags. / By providing a valid receipt and unused products with all the tags.93. It also provides high-standard sales service and freeshopping experience its tourists and customers.Any reasonable answer is acceptable.94. 略听力文本长宁等区中考英语质量抽查试卷参考答案A. Listen and choose the right picture 根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片1. The modern art exhibition will be on show in the museum next month.2. Doctor Li is operating on an old man who was knocked down by a car.3. To our great joy. our class got the first place in the basketball match.4. As we all know, it is important to put rubbish in different litter bins.5. Although it was really tiring, we succeeded in climbing to the top of the mountain.6. Natural disasters such as earthquakes cause great deaths.B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear 根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案7. W： Oh, my god Look at that man. He's swimming in the cold sea. He must be very strong.M： Sure he is. Winter swimming is good for health.Q： What season is it8. W ： Are you glad that you came to WashingtonM： Yes, of course. I'd considered going to New York or Boston, but I've changed ray idea.Q： Where is the man now9. W： You want to buy this dictionary, rightM： Yeah. The price is $ 14,but I've only got $9.W： I've got $7 and I'll lend you the rest.Q： How much will the woman lend to the man10. W： Shall I take your coatM ： Thank you.W： Would you like something to drink before you order your meal, sirM： Yes, please. Can I see the wine listW： Certainly.Q： What is the woman most probably11. W： Excuse me, sir. Did you notice my bag I think I left it here when I was paying the bill for the fruits.M： Yes. could you describe it and tell what's insideW： Sure. It's black, not very new with 150 dollars inside.M： Here you are.W: Thank you very much.Q： Where does the dialogue probably happen12. M： Yesterday Aunt Helen gave my sister, Lily, a toy car. It’s very nice.W： And Lily gave it to you as your birthday present. Am I right, FrankM： Er... Who has told you about itW： Eddie, your cousin.Q： Who has got the toy car now13. W： What are you good at —making money, spending money or saving moneyM： Definitely spending money. I have a car and I'm putting a lot of money into it.W ： For exampleM： My parents bought the car, but I have to pay for the gas. That's the deal.Q： What can we learn from this dialogue14. W： I really must go now.M： What time is your trainW： 11：00. Oh, dear. It’s already 10:30. I m going to miss my train. M： Don't worry. I'll drive you to the station.Q： What will possibly happen to the womanC. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false 判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示It was a quiet village with some high mountains around. That's why it was a good place for training the new soldiers. But it was difficult for the young men to go outside. Mr. White, an officer of forty, was strict with them and he hardly let them leave the camp.Once Mr. White was ill in bed. He couldn't work and a young officer, Mr. Hunt, began to train the new soldiers instead of him. He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday. But night fell and none came back to the camp. He was worried about it and stood at the gate. At five to twelve, the nine soldiers came back. It seemed they were all drunk.“I'm sorry,sir.” said the first soldier. “I left the town on time. But something was wrong with my bus on my way here. I had to buy a horse and made it run fast. Bad luck It died and I had to run back. ’’And the other seven soldiers said they were late for the same reasons. Now it was the last soldier’s turn. He said,“I’m sorry,sir. I got on a bus on time,but...,’ Having heard this, the officer became even angrier and stopped him at once. He called out,“If you say something was wrong with your bus,I’ll punish you at once”“No, no,sir,” said the young man. 4My bus was all right, but the dead horses werein its way ’’D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences 听短文,完成下列内容;每空格限填一词Once there was a little boy called Ben. On his first birthday, his parents gave him a soft brown teddy bear. The little baby boy carried his teddy bear with him everywhere he went. At night, he always got to sleep with the teddy bear next to him.Ben grew up and got his own bedroom and a big bed to sleep in. He still took his teddy bear everywhere he went. He took the bear to zoos, parks, and even to school. Ben became a teenager. Ben graduated. Ben, now a young man, got a job in the big city. He had his own place there and would only come home for a few hours on the weekends. Many nights, the teddy bear would sit alone crying in the dark. He always hoped that his best friend would come to take him to the big city, but it never happened.Later Ben got married. After a year, he and his wife had a little baby boy of their own. 1'hey loved their baby and often brought him over to his grandparents. When Ben gave his old bear to his baby boy to play with, the baby was so happy that he wouldn't cry. Just like his father, the baby boy would take the teddy bear with him everywhere he went. The teddy hear was so happy. Now he had a newfamily, and both his old friend and his new friend loved him very much.。

2016年5月10日九年级第二
次模拟考试物理参考答案
一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分）
1. A
2.D
3.D
4.B
5.C
6.C
7.D
8.B
9.D 10.C
二、填空题（每空1分，共12分）
11. 相互费力12.较暗折射13. 摩擦起电（或静电、带电体吸引轻小物体、或带电的镜子吸引毛毛）引14. 增加（或增大、变大）不变15. 小于（或＜）等于（或=）等于16. 右2R0
三、计算题（每小题5分，共10分）
17.（1）9000N（3分）（2）2.7×107J（2分）
18.（1）5Ω（3分）（2）96J(2分)
四、综合题（共28分）
19.(共6分，每个图2分)
20.（3分）（1）茶色玻璃板大小（2）虚像
21.（3分）（1）凹陷程度（或形变情况、被压下的深浅）（2）压力一定时（或压力相
同时），受力面积越小把倒立的瓶子中的水倒出些（或把瓶子中的水倒出些）
22.（2分）甲大于（或＞）
23.（3分）（1）84 不变（2）小
24.（3分）（1）甲乙（2）乙
25.（4分）（1）增大（或变大、增加）（2）2.4 2×103（2）630
26.（4分）（1）1.52 （2）变大大于（3）2.4～3V。

2016年上海市长宁区中考物理二模试卷一、选择题（共16分）下列各题均只有一个正确选项1．（2分）人体的正常体温是（）A．27℃B．32℃C．37℃D．42℃2．（2分）吉他是一种弦乐器，用大小不同的力拨动同一根琴弦，主要改变声音的（）A．响度B．音调C．音色D．频率3．（2分）光射到平面镜上，入射角为30°，反射角为（）A．15°B．20°C．30°D．60°4．（2分）在实验事实的基础上，通过科学假设和推理得出的物理规律是（）A．欧姆定律B．牛顿第一定律C．光的反射定律D．凸透镜成像规律5．（2分）在四冲程汽油机的工作过程中，把机械能转化为内能的是（）A．吸气冲程B．压缩冲程C．做功冲程D．排气冲程6．（2分）质量相同的甲、乙两物体各自在水平拉力的作用下，在同一水平面上做直线运动，它们的s﹣t图象如图所示，则下列判断正确的是（）A．甲的速度可能小于乙的速度B．甲和乙的机械能可能相等C．甲受到的拉力一定大于乙D．12秒内，甲、乙间的距离可能变小7．（2分）在图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变．闭合电键S后，当滑动变阻器的滑片向右移动时，在①、②、③、④各情况中，数据变大的有（）①电压表V的示数②电流表A2的示数③电压表V示数与电流表A示数的比值④电流表A1示数与电流表A示数的比值．A．只有①B．②和③C．只有③D．③和④8．（2分）如图所示，水平面上的薄壁圆柱形容器分别盛有甲、乙两种液体．甲、乙液体对各自容器底部的压力相等．现两容器中各放入一个物体（液体不溢出），若两物体均漂浮在液面上，则下列说法中能成立的是（）A．两物体的质量相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定大于乙B．两物体的质量相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定小于乙C．两物体的体积相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定等于乙D．两物体的体积相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定大于乙二、填空题（共23分）9．（3分）上海地区家用照明电路的电压为伏；用电器工作时把能转化为其他形式的能；额定功率为0.1千瓦的电视机正常工作3小时，耗电度．10．（3分）高铁列车运行过程中，以列车为参照物，路边的树是的（选填“运动”或“静止”）．列车减速进站时，速度越来越慢，它的动能将，在此过程中，列车的惯性将（选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）．11．（3分）根据图中标出的通电螺线管的磁感线方向可知：通电螺线管的右端为极，小磁针的右端为极（以上两格均选填“N”或“S”），电源的端为正极（选填“左”或“右”）．12．（3分）若10秒内通过某导体横截面的电荷量为5库，则通过该导体的电流为安，这段时间内，电流所做的功为15焦，该导体两端的电压为伏；当该导体两端的电压为6伏时，导体的电阻为欧．13．（3分）如图所示，小明利用滑轮匀速提升货物，使用该滑轮的好处是；该货物重100牛，在拉力F的作用下，4秒钟升高了1米，若不计摩擦和绳的重力，则在这段时间内，拉力F做功为焦，拉力F的功率为瓦．14．（2分）在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，闭合电键S后，电流表、电压表示数均为零，其中电阻R1、R2可能出现了故障．现用一个完好的电阻R 替换R2，闭合电键，①若只有电压表示数不为零，则原来的故障是．②若只有电流表示数不为零，则原来的故障是．15．（4分）某校初三同学在做重力势能相关实验的时候，发现自由下落的弹性小球碰撞地面后反弹上升的最大高度总小于原来下落的高度，这说明弹性小球在碰撞地面过程中有机械能损失．为了探究自由下落的弹性小球在碰撞地面过程中损失的机械能的大小△E与哪些因素有关，他们分别让同一弹性小球从某一高度自由下落碰撞地面，通过测量该弹性小球下落高度与反弹上升的最大高度的差值△h，来比较损失的机械能的大小△E，实验过程如图（a）、（b）和（c）所示（△h3＜△h1＜△h2）．请仔细观察图中的现象和测量结果，并分析归纳得出初步结论．①分析比较图中的（a）和（b）两图可知：自由下落的同一弹性小球碰撞同种材料的地面，下落高度较大时，．②分析比较图中的（b）和（c）两图可知：．三、作图题（共7分）16．（2分）如图所示，物体在2牛水平向右的拉力F作用下保持静止，请用力的图示法画出拉力F．17．（2分）根据平面镜成像特点，在图中作出物体AB在平面镜MN中所成的像A′B′．18．（3分）在如图所示的电路中，有两根导线尚未连接，请用笔线代替导线补上．要求：闭合电键S，①电压表测小灯两端电压；②向左端移动滑动变阻器的滑片P时，小灯变暗．四、计算题（共26分）19．（4分）物体的体积为5×10﹣4米3，浸没在水中，求该物体所受浮力的大小．20．（6分）如图所示，在轻质杠杆OB的B端挂一个重为100牛的物体，OA为0.4米，AB为0.2米．若使杠杆能在水平位置保持静止，求：作用在A点最小力F的大小及方向．21．（8分）在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，电阻R1的阻值为30欧，滑动变阻器铭牌已模糊不清，只能辨识出标有“1A”字样．电键S断开时，电流表A的示数为0.4安．①求电源电压U．②闭合电键S，将滑动变阻器滑片P移到某点M处，然后将滑片P从M点向左移动，发现电流表A的示数的最大变化量为0.2安，将滑片P从M点向右移动，发现电流表A的示数的最大变化量也为0.2安，求滑片P在M点时电流表A的示数．③求在第②小题滑片P移动过程中，滑动变阻器R2的取值范围．22．（8分）如图所示，实心正方体甲和轻质柱形容器乙放在水平地面上．正方体甲的边长为0.1米，密度为2×103千克/米3；容器乙的底面积为1×10﹣2米2，内盛有0.15米深的水，且容器乙足够高．求：①实心正方体甲的质量；②水对容器乙底部的压强；③现从正方体甲中挖出一个高度为0.1米，底面积为S的柱体，并将该柱体放入容器乙中，请通过计算比较正方体甲剩余部分对地面的压强p′和放入柱状物体甲′的大小关系及其对应S的取值范围．后水对容器乙底部的压强p乙五、实验题（共18分）23．（5分）如图所示的仪器为，实验时应将它与被测量的用电器联；在“验证凸透镜成像规律”的实验时，为了使像能成在光屏的中央，实验前要调整凸透镜的光心、光屏的中心与烛焰的中心大致在；实验时，若物距小于凸透镜的一倍焦距，则应从一侧观察像（选填“蜡烛”或“光屏”）．24．（5分）在“探究物质质量与体积的关系”实验中，若某次测量时，天平上的砝码和游码的示数如图（a）所示，则物块的质量为克；若将该物块放入盛有20厘米3水的量筒中后，水面位置如图（b）所示，则该物块的体积为厘米3；实验中，对于某种物质的质量和体积的测量，应该测量数据（选填“一组”或“多组”），为了得到可靠的结论，应该选择物质的物块进行实验（选填“一种”或“多种”）．25．（5分）为了研究物质的某种特性，某小组同学做了如下实验：他们在如图所示的两只完全相同的白色小瓶内分别装入50克的水和50克的煤油，实验时，将两只小瓶都放在太阳下暴晒，并利用温度计测量液体升高的温度，用计时器测量加热的时间，并将实验数据整理、记录在表一和表二中．（设两只小瓶晒相同时间吸收的热量相等）表一：50克水表二：50克煤油表三：50克水①分析比较实验序号1～5或6～10的数据及相关条件，可得出的初步结论是：．②分析比较实验序号的数据及相关条件，可得出的初步结论是：质量相同的不同种物质，升高的温度相同，吸收的热量不同．③进一步综合分析比较表一、表二中的数据及相关条件，并归纳得出结论．（a）分析比较表一或表二中的数据及相关条件，可得出的结论是：质量相同的同种液体，．（b）分析比较表一和表二中的数据及相关条件，可得出的结论是：．④另一小组的同学将图16的小瓶表面涂成黑色，在瓶内装入50克的水进行实验，得到如表三所示的数据．通过分析表一和表三的数据及相关条件，可得出的结论是：．26．（5分）小明在做“测定小灯泡的电功率”的实验时，实验器材齐全并完好，其中：电源电压为4.5伏且不变，待测小灯泡L标有“2.5V”字样，滑动变阻器R p有“20Ω 2A”和“50Ω 1A”两种规格可选．他正确串联实验器材，闭合电键，逐步移动滑片P的位置，并观察电压表的示数，当电压表的示数分别高于、等于、低于2.5伏时，分别观察电流表的示数，并将实验数据记录在如表中．①请画出小明同学连接的实验电路图．②小明实验中选用的滑动变阻器的规格为，理由是．③请根据相关信息计算出小灯泡L的额定功率．（需写出计算过程）．2016年上海市长宁区中考物理二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共16分）下列各题均只有一个正确选项1．（2分）人体的正常体温是（）A．27℃B．32℃C．37℃D．42℃【解答】解：正常情况下，人的体温在37℃左右，变化幅度很小．故选C．2．（2分）吉他是一种弦乐器，用大小不同的力拨动同一根琴弦，主要改变声音的（）A．响度B．音调C．音色D．频率【解答】解：用大小不同的力拨动同一根琴弦，用力大的时候弦振动的振幅大，发出声音的响度大，用力小的时候弦振动的振幅小，发出声音的响度小；因此用大小不同的力拨动同一根琴弦主要改变声音的响度．故选A．3．（2分）光射到平面镜上，入射角为30°，反射角为（）A．15°B．20°C．30°D．60°【解答】解：由题意知，入射角为30°，根据光的反射定律的内容中反射角等于入射角，可知反射角也为30°．故选C．4．（2分）在实验事实的基础上，通过科学假设和推理得出的物理规律是（）A．欧姆定律B．牛顿第一定律C．光的反射定律D．凸透镜成像规律【解答】解：欧姆定律、光的反射定律、凸透镜成像规律都是通过实验直接得出的结论，牛顿第一定律，是在实验的基础上，通过推理得出的．故选B．5．（2分）在四冲程汽油机的工作过程中，把机械能转化为内能的是（）A．吸气冲程B．压缩冲程C．做功冲程D．排气冲程【解答】解：在压缩冲程中，活塞压缩汽油与空气形成的燃料混合物，活塞对气体做功，将机械能转化为气体的内能．故选B．6．（2分）质量相同的甲、乙两物体各自在水平拉力的作用下，在同一水平面上做直线运动，它们的s﹣t图象如图所示，则下列判断正确的是（）A．甲的速度可能小于乙的速度B．甲和乙的机械能可能相等C．甲受到的拉力一定大于乙D．12秒内，甲、乙间的距离可能变小【解答】解：A、由图象知：甲的速度：v===0.4m/s；乙的速度：v'===0.1m/s；所以甲的速度大于乙的速度．故A错误．B、甲、乙两物体质量相同，在同一水平面上做直线运动，即高度相同，甲的速度大于乙的速度，则甲、乙两物体的重力势能相同，甲的动能大于乙的动能，所以甲的机械能大于乙的机械能．故B错误．C、由图象可知，甲、乙两物体均作匀速直线运动，又因为甲、乙两物体质量相同，在同一水平面上，则甲、乙对水平面的压力相同，接触面粗糙程度相同，甲、乙受到的摩擦力相同，所以，甲受到的拉力一定等于乙．故C错误．D、由题意结合图象可知，甲、乙两物体在同一水平面上做匀速直线运动，且甲的速度大于乙的速度，所以12s内若甲、乙两物体运动方向相同，则甲、乙间的距离变小．若甲、乙两物体运动方向不相反，则甲、乙间的距离变大．故D正确．故选D．7．（2分）在图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变．闭合电键S后，当滑动变阻器的滑片向右移动时，在①、②、③、④各情况中，数据变大的有（）①电压表V的示数②电流表A2的示数③电压表V示数与电流表A示数的比值④电流表A1示数与电流表A示数的比值．A．只有①B．②和③C．只有③D．③和④【解答】解：由电路图可知，R1、R2并联，电流表A测干路电流，电流表A1测R1所在支路电流，电流表A2测滑动变阻器R2所在支路电流，电压表测量并联电路两端电压；因为电源电压不变，所以电压表的示数不变；当滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动时，滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值变大，并且电源电压不变，由欧姆定律可知，通过滑动变阻器R2支路的电流变小，通过R1支路的电流不变，即电流表A1的示数不变，电流表A2的示数变小；由于并联电路中，干路电流等于各支路电流之和，所以干路电流变小，即电流表A的示数变小；因为电压表V示数不变，电流表A的示数变小，所以电压表V示数与电流表A 示数的比值变大；因为电流表A1的示数不变，电流表A的示数变小，所以电流表A1示数与电流表A示数的比值变大．故选D．8．（2分）如图所示，水平面上的薄壁圆柱形容器分别盛有甲、乙两种液体．甲、乙液体对各自容器底部的压力相等．现两容器中各放入一个物体（液体不溢出），若两物体均漂浮在液面上，则下列说法中能成立的是（）A．两物体的质量相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定大于乙B．两物体的质量相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定小于乙C．两物体的体积相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定等于乙D．两物体的体积相等，甲对容器底部的压强一定大于乙【解答】解：AB、甲、乙均漂浮，所以受到的浮力等于重力，若两物体的质量相等，则所受浮力相等，容器底增大的压力等于物体的重力，由图知，甲的底面积大于乙的底面积，所以甲对容器底部的压强一定小于乙，故A错误，B正确；CD、由于甲、乙V排的大小无法判断，无法得出液面上升的情况，故无法比较对容器底压强的大小关系．故选B．二、填空题（共23分）9．（3分）上海地区家用照明电路的电压为220伏；用电器工作时把电能转化为其他形式的能；额定功率为0.1千瓦的电视机正常工作3小时，耗电0.3度．【解答】解：（1）上海地区家用照明电路的电压为220V；（2）用电器工作时将电能转化为其他形式的能．（3）已知电视机的功率：P=P=0.1kW，额由P=可得，正常工作3小时消耗的电能W=Pt=0.1kW×3h=0.3kW•h=0.3度．故答案为：220；电；0.3．10．（3分）高铁列车运行过程中，以列车为参照物，路边的树是运动的（选填“运动”或“静止”）．列车减速进站时，速度越来越慢，它的动能将变小，在此过程中，列车的惯性将不变（选填“变大”、“不变”或“变小”）．【解答】解：如果以行驶的列车为参照物，树木相对于列车的位置发生了改变，因此树木是运动的．动能大小与质量和速度有关，列车进站时速度越来越慢，质量不变，速度减小，所以动能减小．惯性的大小与质量有关，与速度无关，列车的质量不变，故惯性不变．故答案为：运动；变小；不变．11．（3分）根据图中标出的通电螺线管的磁感线方向可知：通电螺线管的右端为S极，小磁针的右端为N极（以上两格均选填“N”或“S”），电源的左端为正极（选填“左”或“右”）．【解答】解：在磁体的周围，磁感线是从磁体的N极出发，回到S极，所以图示的螺线管的左端为N极．据磁极间的作用规律可知，小磁针的左端是S极，右端是N极；根据螺线管的N极和线圈的绕向，利用右手螺旋定则可以确定电流是从螺线管的左端流入，右端流出．从而可以确定电源的左端为正极；故答案为：S；N；左．12．（3分）若10秒内通过某导体横截面的电荷量为5库，则通过该导体的电流为0.5安，这段时间内，电流所做的功为15焦，该导体两端的电压为3伏；当该导体两端的电压为6伏时，导体的电阻为6欧．【解答】解：通过电阻的电流：I===0.5A，由W=UIt=UQ得，导体两端的电压：U===3V；因电阻是导体本身的一种性质，与导体两端的电压和通过的电流无关，所以，当该导体两端的电压为6伏时的阻值不变，与电流是0.5A时的阻值相同；由I=可得导体电阻：R===6Ω．故答案为：0.5；3；6．13．（3分）如图所示，小明利用滑轮匀速提升货物，使用该滑轮的好处是改变用力的方向；该货物重100牛，在拉力F的作用下，4秒钟升高了1米，若不计摩擦和绳的重力，则在这段时间内，拉力F做功为100焦，拉力F的功率为25瓦．【解答】解：由定滑轮的定义可知，此装置是定滑轮，不省力也不费力，但可以改变力的方向．不计滑轮的重力和摩擦，F=G=100N，小李同学在4s内将重为100N物体匀速向上移动1m，则拉力作用点移动距离s为1m，拉力F做的功：W=Fs=100N×1m=100J，拉力F的功率：P===25W．故答案为：改变用力的方向；100；25．14．（2分）在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，闭合电键S后，电流表、电压表示数均为零，其中电阻R1、R2可能出现了故障．现用一个完好的电阻R 替换R2，闭合电键，①若只有电压表示数不为零，则原来的故障是R1、R2断路．②若只有电流表示数不为零，则原来的故障是R2断路和R1短路．【解答】解：分析电路可知R1、R2串联，电压表V测量R1两端电压．若电流表示数为零，说明电路故障是断路，若只有R1断路，则电压表会有示数，根据电压表也没有示数，说明R2一定断路；用完好的电阻R替换R2，闭合电键，若只有电压表示数不为零，即电流表示数还是零，说明R1也断路；如果只有电流表示数不为零，那说明R1没有断路，但电压表示数为零，那说明电阻R1短路了．故答案为：①R1、R2断路；②R2断路和R1短路．15．（4分）某校初三同学在做重力势能相关实验的时候，发现自由下落的弹性小球碰撞地面后反弹上升的最大高度总小于原来下落的高度，这说明弹性小球在碰撞地面过程中有机械能损失．为了探究自由下落的弹性小球在碰撞地面过程中损失的机械能的大小△E与哪些因素有关，他们分别让同一弹性小球从某一高度自由下落碰撞地面，通过测量该弹性小球下落高度与反弹上升的最大高度的差值△h，来比较损失的机械能的大小△E，实验过程如图（a）、（b）和（c）所示（△h3＜△h1＜△h2）．请仔细观察图中的现象和测量结果，并分析归纳得出初步结论．①分析比较图中的（a）和（b）两图可知：自由下落的同一弹性小球碰撞同种材料的地面，下落高度较大时，损失的机械能的大小△E较大．②分析比较图中的（b）和（c）两图可知：同一弹性小球从相同高度自由下落，碰撞不同材料的地面，损失的机械能的大小△E不同．【解答】解：①分析比较图中的（a）和（b）两图可以看出，碰撞的接触面的材料相同，小球下落的高度不同，最终下落高度与反弹上升的最大高度的差值△h 不同，说明机械能的损失情况不同．故可得出结论：：自由下落的同一弹性小球碰撞同种材料的地面，下落高度较大时，损失的机械能的大小△E较大．②分析比较图中的（b）和（c）两图可以看出，小球下落的高度相同，碰撞接触面的材料不同，最终下落高度与反弹上升的最大高度的差值△h不同，说明机械能的损失情况不同．故可得出结论：同一弹性小球从相同高度自由下落，碰撞不同材料的地面，损失的机械能的大小△E不同．故答案为：①损失的机械能的大小△E较大；②同一弹性小球从相同高度自由下落，碰撞不同材料的地面，损失的机械能的大小△E不同．三、作图题（共7分）16．（2分）如图所示，物体在2牛水平向右的拉力F作用下保持静止，请用力的图示法画出拉力F．【解答】解：先选取一段表示1N的线段，然后过物体的重心作水平向右的大小为2N的拉力F，其长短为标度的2倍，图示如下：17．（2分）根据平面镜成像特点，在图中作出物体AB在平面镜MN中所成的像A′B′．【解答】解：分别作出物体AB端点A、B关于平面镜的对称点A′、B′，用虚线连接A′、B′即为AB在平面镜中的像．如图：18．（3分）在如图所示的电路中，有两根导线尚未连接，请用笔线代替导线补上．要求：闭合电键S，①电压表测小灯两端电压；②向左端移动滑动变阻器的滑片P时，小灯变暗．【解答】解：电压表要测小灯两端电压应与灯泡并联；滑动变阻器要改变灯泡亮度，应一上一下串联入电路中．滑片左移灯变暗，说明电路中电流变小，电阻变大，所以应将变阻器的右下接线柱接入电路中．如图所示：四、计算题（共26分）19．（4分）物体的体积为5×10﹣4米3，浸没在水中，求该物体所受浮力的大小．【解答】解：因为物体浸没在水中，所以V排=V=5×10﹣4m3，物体所受浮力：F浮=ρ水gV排=1×103kg/m3×9.8N/kg×5×10﹣4m3=4.9N．答：物体所受的浮力为4.9N．20．（6分）如图所示，在轻质杠杆OB的B端挂一个重为100牛的物体，OA为0.4米，AB为0.2米．若使杠杆能在水平位置保持静止，求：作用在A点最小力F的大小及方向．【解答】解：由图可知：L1=OA=0.4m，L2=OA+AB=0.4m+0.2m=0.6m，F2=G=100N，根据杠杆平衡的条件可得：FL1=F2L2，即：F×0.4m=100N×0.6m，解得：F=150N．由于作用在A点最小力F需要阻碍杠杆向下转动，则方向是竖直向上．答：作用在A点最小力F的大小为150N，方向是竖直向上．21．（8分）在如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，电阻R1的阻值为30欧，滑动变阻器铭牌已模糊不清，只能辨识出标有“1A”字样．电键S断开时，电流表A的示数为0.4安．①求电源电压U．②闭合电键S，将滑动变阻器滑片P移到某点M处，然后将滑片P从M点向左移动，发现电流表A的示数的最大变化量为0.2安，将滑片P从M点向右移动，发现电流表A的示数的最大变化量也为0.2安，求滑片P在M点时电流表A的示数．③求在第②小题滑片P移动过程中，滑动变阻器R2的取值范围．【解答】解：①由图知，S断开时，只有R1接入电路，由I=可得：U=U1=I1R1=0.4A×30Ω=12V；②由图知，闭合电键S，R1和R2并联，并联电路中支路间互不影响，所以R1的电流保持不变，P向M点左移，R2连入阻值变小，电流表示数变大，变化量最大0.2A，且滑动变阻器允许通过最大电流1A，所以P在M点的电流为：I2=1A﹣0.2A=0.8A，所以此时电流表示数为：I=I1+I2=0.4A+0.8A=1.2A；③由并联电路电压特点知，U=U1=U2=12V，P从M点左移后，通过R2的最大电流为1A，此时R2连入阻值最小，所以：R2最小===12Ω，P从M点右移后，R2的连入阻值变大，电流变小，电流表变化量最大0.2A，所通过R2的最小电流为0.8A﹣0.2A=0.6A，此时R2连入阻值最大，所以：R2最大===20Ω，即：P在M点向左和右移动后R2的取值范围为：12Ω～20Ω．答：①电源电压为12V．②滑片P在M点时电流表A的示数为0.8A．③滑片P移动过程中，滑动变阻器R2的取值范围为：12Ω～20Ω．22．（8分）如图所示，实心正方体甲和轻质柱形容器乙放在水平地面上．正方体甲的边长为0.1米，密度为2×103千克/米3；容器乙的底面积为1×10﹣2米2，内盛有0.15米深的水，且容器乙足够高．求：①实心正方体甲的质量；②水对容器乙底部的压强；③现从正方体甲中挖出一个高度为0.1米，底面积为S 的柱体，并将该柱体放入容器乙中，请通过计算比较正方体甲剩余部分对地面的压强p 甲′和放入柱状物体后水对容器乙底部的压强p 乙′的大小关系及其对应S 的取值范围．【解答】解：①由ρ=可得，正方体甲的质量m 甲=ρ甲V 甲=2×103kg/m 3×（0.1m ）3=2kg ；②水对容器乙底部的压强p 乙=ρ水gh=1.0×103kg/m 3×9.8N/kg ×0.15m=1470Pa ； ③当p 甲′=p 乙′时，ρ甲gh 甲=ρ水g （h 乙+）已知S=5×10﹣3m 2当p 甲′＞p 乙′时，S ＜5×10﹣3m 2；当p 甲′＜p 乙′时，S ＞5×10﹣3m 2．答：①实心正方体甲的质量为2kg ；②水对容器乙底部的压强为1470Pa ；③当p 甲′＞p 乙′时，S ＜5×10﹣3m 2；当p 甲′＜p 乙′时，S ＞5×10﹣3m 2．五、实验题（共18分）23．（5分）如图所示的仪器为 电流表 ，实验时应将它与被测量的用电器 串 联；在“验证凸透镜成像规律”的实验时，为了使像能成在光屏的中央，实验前要调整凸透镜的光心、光屏的中心与烛焰的中心大致在 同一高度 ；实验时，若物距小于凸透镜的一倍焦距，则应从 光屏 一侧观察像（选填“蜡烛”或“光屏”）．。

如图7所示电路中，电源电压不变，且R 1＞R 2。

当闭合S 1，断开S 2，电压表有示数；断开S 1，闭合S 2，发现电压表的示数变小。

若故障只发生在电阻R 1、R 2上，则故障可能是；用一个完好的小灯替换R 后，当闭合S 1，断开S 2，小灯发光；断开S 1，闭合S 2，小灯不发光，则一定存在的故障是 。

在图5所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

当电键S 断开或闭合时，电压表V 1、V 2的示数始终相同，电路中只可能在电阻R 、灯L 处发生故障。

当电键S 闭合后，① 若灯L 发光，则电路中的故障是 。

② 若灯L 不发光，则电路中的故障是 。

在图3所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

当电键S 断开时，只有一个电表的示数为零。

若故障只发生在电阻R 1或R 2处，则电键闭合后，一定为零的是 （ A.电流表A 的示数B.电压表V 2的示数C.电压表V 1与电压表V 2示数的差D.电压表V 1与电流表A 示数的比值在图3所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变。

闭合电键S ，电路正常工作。

一段时间后，有一个电表的示数增大；然后将电流表A 与电阻R 1位置互换后，发现电压表的示数不变。

若故障只发生在电阻R 1、R 2上，则 （ ）A ．R 1一定短路B ．R 2一定短路C ．R 1可能短路D ．R 2可能断路图7图5V 1S V 2LR图3S R 1R 2AV 2V 1在图6所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，闭合电键S，电路正常工作。

一段时间后，发现灯泡L不亮，故障发生在电阻R、灯L上，其他元件仍保持完好。

①用一个完好的小灯替换原来的灯泡L后，小灯（选填“一定发光”、“一定不发光”或“可能发光”）。

②在原故障电路中，将电流表A与灯L位置互换后，电压表V的示数不发生变化，电路中可能存在的故障是（写出所有可能情况）。

在图6所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，闭合电键S电路正常工作。

一段时间后，发现灯L熄灭，电路中至少有一个电表示数变小，故障发生在电阻R、灯L上，其他元件仍保持完好。

上海2016年初中物理二模考试专题（一）——探究实验题说明：本专题集锦了2016年上海初中二模考试中物理学科各区题目中的探究实验题，包含力学、电学、热学、光学等范围，有评分标准，题目齐全（各区均有），编排美观，价值较大，供教师与初三的同学学习研究，对今年的中考练习具有指导意义。

1．（崇明）某小组在研究“电阻消耗的电功率与电阻阻值之间的关系”时，记录的实验数据如下表所示．表一： 表二：（1）该小组同学在实验时采用的科学方法是 （14） ；（2）分析表一中的数据可知：当通过电阻的 （15） 相同时，电阻消耗的电功率与电阻成正比；（3）分析表二中的数据可知： （16） ； （4）进一步分析表一中的数据可知：定；2.（奉贤）根据“浸入水中的硬币会沉在容器底部而浸入水中的木块会漂浮在水面上”的现象，某兴趣小组的同学猜想物体浸入液体后静止时的位置可能与①物体的密度；②液体的密度有关。

于是他们在实验室找到高度相同但密度不同的圆柱体A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F （已知ρA ＞ρB ＞ρC ＞ρ水＞ρD ＞ρE ＞ρF ）进行实验。

当各圆柱体在足够深的水中静止时，实验现象如图18（a ）、（b ）、（c ）、（d ）、（e ）和（f ）所示。

（1） 分析比较图18中 （13） 的实验现象和相关条件，可得出的初步结论是：当浸入水中高度相同的圆柱体的密度大于水的密度时，圆柱体静止在容器底部。

（2）（Ⅰ）分析比较图18中（d ）或（e ）或（f ）的实验现象和相关条件，可得出的初步结论是：当 （14） 时，圆柱体漂浮在水面上。

（Ⅱ）分析比较图18中（d ）和（e ）和（f ）的实验现象和相关条件，还可得出的结论是：漂浮在水面上的高度相同的圆柱体， （15） ，其露出水面的高度越大。

（3）他们将容器中的水换成酒精和盐水重新实验，验证了猜想②。

在此过程中他们发现漂浮在不同液面上的圆柱体露出液面的高度也不同，于是他们将记录在表格中的实验数据作进一步的分析。

电学实验1、甲、乙同学分别做“测定小灯泡的电功率”实验，他们使用电压相同的电源（1.5伏的整数倍），两个分别标有“10Ω 1Α”和“20Ω 2Α”字样的滑动变阻器，待测小灯两个，且都标有“0.2A”字样，已知它们的额定功率在0.4瓦～0.9瓦之间。

他们分别按要求正确连接电路进行实验，闭合电键后移动变阻器的滑片，使小灯正常发光时，滑片的位置都恰好在中点，但是甲灯比乙灯亮。

（1）简述他们判断小灯泡正常发光的理由：（9）。

（2）他们所用的电源电压为（10）伏。

（3）甲同学选用的滑动变阻器的规格为（11）。

（4）乙同学选用小灯泡的额定功率为（12）瓦。

2、小王做“测定小灯泡的电功率”实验，现有若干节蓄电池（每节电压2V）、待测小灯、电压表、电流表、滑动变阻器、电键及导线若干，其中待测小灯上标有“0.25A”（额定功率在0.5瓦～1.5瓦之间）字样清晰可见。

他正确串联实验器材，将滑动变阻器的滑片移至一端，然后将电压表并联在电路中。

闭合电键后，发现小灯泡发出昏暗的光，他移动变阻器的滑片到另一端时，小灯不发光。

①出现上述实验现象的原因是：（a）（14）；（b）（15）；②小王找到原因后，仍使用原来的小灯泡并适当调整实验器材，重新正确进行实验。

闭合电键，移动变阻器的滑片至小灯正常发光时，变阻器连入电路的电阻恰为最大阻值的一半，但此时无法从电压表V上精确读出额定电压。

他在电路中再连接一个电压表V′，小灯泡正常发光时，记下了此时电压表V′和电流表的示数并相乘，得到的电功率为0.55瓦。

请根据相关信息计算出小灯泡的额定功率。

（需写出计算过程）3、小嘉做“测定小灯泡的电功率”实验，小灯的额定电压可能为2.2伏或3.8伏，且额定功率小于1瓦。

实验室提供了电压为2伏的电池若干节。

她正确连接电路，并将滑片移到滑动变阻器的一端，闭合电键观察到电压表的示数如图16（a ）所示，小灯的亮度很暗。

然后她将变阻器的滑片向另一端移动，观察到电流表示数变小；当滑片到达另一端时，电压表、电流表的示数如图16（b ）、（c ）所示。

上海市长宁区中考二模物理试题姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、单选题 (共15题；共30分)1. （2分）通过一个50Ω电阻的电流若减少为原来的1/2时，不计温度的影响，此时该电阻的阻值大小为（）A . 100ΩB . 50ΩC . 25ΩD . 无法确定电阻大小2. （2分）下列机械中，属于费力杠杆的是（）A . 起子B . 道钉撬C . 筷子D . 钢丝钳3. （2分）(2014·南京) 下列对生活中一些现象的解释错误的是（）A . 用冰袋给高热病人降温，是因为冰熔化吸热B . 用手沾些冷水去拿包子不会太烫，是因为水汽化吸热C . 在寒冷的北方不用水银温度计测量气温，是因为水银的凝固点较低D . 舞台上用干冰能制造白雾，是因为干冰升华吸热使水蒸气液化4. （2分） (2019八下·顺义期中) 下列措施中，能使蒸发减慢是（）A . 用电热吹风机吹湿头发B . 将湿衣服晾到向阳、通风的地方C . 用扫帚把洒在地面的水向周围扫开D . 将水果用保鲜膜包好后再放入冰箱的冷藏室内5. （2分）(2018·钦州模拟) 下列事例中，属于做功使物体内能增大的是（）A . 夏天，人在烈日照射下感到很热B . 用锯锯木板时，锯条发热C . 用高温的水蒸气蒸饭D . 冬天，用电热取暖器使房间温度升高6. （2分）(2018·烟台) 为了探究声音产生的条件，小明设计了如图所示的几个实验，你认为不能完成探究目的是（）A . 发出“啊”的声音，用手指触摸喉咙处B . 一边改变管子插入水中深度，一边用嘴吹管的上端C . 敲打铜锣，锣响后用手触摸锣面D . 敲击音叉后，将音叉轻轻地接触脸颊7. （2分）下列关于家庭电路和安全用电的说法中，正确的是（）A . 电灯和电视是串联的B . 家庭电路中总电流过大一定是发生短路C . 家庭电路中可以不安装保险装置D . 控制灯泡的开关应与火线连接8. （2分）(2017·蒙阴模拟) 关于能源、信息和材料的说法正确的是（）A . 太阳能、风能、天然气是可再生能源B . 光纤通讯是利用光信号传递信息C . 超导体材料可以应用于任何电器并使其效率提高D . 大亚湾核电站利用核聚变释放的能量来发电9. （2分）(2016·凌云模拟) 下列有关力做功的说法中正确的是（）A . 把水桶从地面上提起来的过程中，提水桶的力没有做功B . 举重运动员把杠铃举在空中停三秒，运动员对杠铃的支持力做功C . 苹果在下落过程中，苹果受到的重力做功D . 推车在水平方向运动，车受到的重力做功10. （2分） (2019九上·朝阳期末) 如图所示，教室内两盏日光灯有一个开关控制，以下电路中能反映它们正确连接的是（）A .B .C .D .11. （2分） (2017九上·和平期中) 如图所示，验电器甲带正电，乙不带电，现用带有绝缘手柄的金属棒把甲和乙连接起来，发现甲金属箔张角变小，乙金属箔张开，则下列说法正确的是（）A . 验电器金属箔张开是因为它们带同种电荷B . 金属棒中瞬间电流的方向从乙流向甲C . 正电荷从甲移到乙，所以两个验电器都带正电荷D . 电子从乙移到甲，所以甲带负电，乙带正电12. （2分） (2019八下·北京期中) 汽车在公路上行驶时，下列措施中利用惯性的是（）A . 司机系好安全带B . 保持车距C . 汽车进站时，司机提前关闭发动机D . 限速行驶13. （2分）(2018·宝安模拟) 如图所示是充电宝的铭牌，小明根据铭牌上的数据做出了以下判断，其中正确的（）A . 这块充电宝能提供的电能约为3.7×104JB . kW•h和图中的mAh都属于能量的单位C . 给这块充电宝充电时，是将化学能转化为电能D . 不考虑损耗，这块充电宝电池的能量可将一个普通中学生提升超过200m高14. （2分） (2020八下·江苏期末) 如图，足球在水平地面上处于静止状态，下列说法中正确的是（）A . 足球所受支持力是由地面发生形变产生的B . 足球对地面的压力作用在足球上C . 足球的重力与它对地面的压力是平衡力D . 足球受到惯性作用而处于静止状态15. （2分） (2018九上·济宁期中) 如图甲是通过小灯泡L的电流跟其两端电压关系的图像，现将小灯泡L 与电阻R连入图乙所示电路中，只闭合S，小灯泡的实际功率为1.8 W；再闭合S1 ，电流表示数为0.9 A．下列结果错误的是（）A . 电源电压为6 VB . 电路消耗的总功率为5.4 WC . 通过电阻R的电流为0.6 AD . 电阻R的阻值为20 Ω二、多选题 (共5题；共15分)16. （3分）下列关于内能的说法中正确的是（）A . 冰熔化过程中内能增加B . 物体内能的多少叫做热量C . 高温物体一定比低温物体的内能大D . 一切物体不论温度高低都具有内能17. （3分） (2019八下·南昌期中) 如图所示，水平桌面上的圆台形容器内有一块冰，当这块冰全部熔化成水后，不考虑其他物态变化，下列说法正确的是（）A . 桌面受到的压强不变B . 桌面受到的压力变小C . 容器底的内表面受到的压力变小D . 容器底的内表面受到的压强变小18. （3分）(2020·鄂州模拟) 如图所示，一个木块A放在长木板B上，弹簧秤一端接A，另一端固定在墙壁上，长木板B放在水平地面上，在恒力F作用下，长木板B以速度υ匀速运动，水平弹簧秤的示数为T，下列关于摩擦力的说法正确的是（）A . 木块受到的摩擦力大小等于FB . 长木板受到的摩擦力大小等于TC . 若长木板以2v的速度运动时，长木板受到的摩擦力大小等于FD . 若用2F的力作用在长木板上，木块受到的摩擦力大小仍等于T19. （3分）生活中许多现象都与我们学过的物理知识有关，下列说法正确的是（）A . 出现沙尘暴时尘土飞扬，说明分子做无规则运动B . 火箭发射与热机压缩冲程能量转化相同C . 冰山的温度很低，也具有内能D . 人工湖能调节气温，是利用了水的比热容大20. （3分）(2019·锦州模拟) 如图所示，电源电压U为10V并保持不变，滑动变阻器规格为“20Ω 1A”。

2016年上海市长宁区中考⼆模考试物理答案(2) 2016年长宁区初三物理试卷答案 题号⼀、16分(每题2分) 答案及评分标准1.C。

2.A。

3.C。

4.B。

5.B。

6.D。

7.D。

8.B。

(第9~13题每格1分，第14、15题每格2分)9.220;电;0.3。

11.S;N;左。

⼆、23分 10.运动;变⼩;不变。

12.0.5;3;6。

13.改变⽤⼒的⽅向;100;25。

14.①R1、R2断路;②R2断路和R1短路。

15.损失的机械能的⼤⼩ΔE较⼤;同⼀弹性⼩球从相同⾼度⾃由下落，碰撞不同材料的地⾯，损失的机械能的⼤⼩ΔE不同。

16.拉⼒的⼤⼩1、⽅向、作⽤点3分。

三、7分 17.虚像、对称、字母2分。

18.连线正确2分。

V排=V物=5×104⽶3 1分1分1分1分1分2分1分1分1分1分1分 19.(4分) F浮=ρ⽔gV排 =1.0×103千克/⽶3×9.8⽜/千克×5×10 4⽶3=4.9⽜FB=G=100⽜ 20.(6分) F×lA=FB×lB F×0.4⽶=100⽜×0.6⽶F=150⽜ ⽅向垂直杠杆向上(或竖直向上)。

四、 26分 ① U=U1=I1×R1 =0.4安×30欧=12伏因为I2max=1安， 所以滑动变阻器滑⽚P在M点时，I2=0.8安， ② 1分1分1分1分1分1分 21. (8分) 则I=I1+I2=0.8安+0.4安=1.2安;③U=U1=U2=12伏，R2min R2max U2I2max U2I2min 12伏 12欧1安 12伏 20欧 0.6安 即滑动变阻器的取值范围为12欧~20欧。

①m甲=ρ甲V甲 =2×103千克/⽶3×1×10-3⽶3=2千克 ②p⼄=ρ⽔gh =1.0×103千克/⽶3×9.8⽜/千克×0.15⽶=1470帕 22.(8分) ③ 当p甲'=p⼄'时， hS ρ甲gh甲=ρ⽔g(h⼄+甲) S⼄ S=5×10‐3⽶2 当p甲'>p⼄'时，S<5×10‐3⽶2;当p甲'5×10‐3⽶2。

上海市长宁区中考物理二模试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共12题；共24分)1. （2分） (2018九下·云南月考) 对以下各图解释正确的是（）A . 寒暑表测得某地的气温是11℃B . 海波凝固时温度随时间变化情况C . 刚剥开包装纸的雪糕会冒“白气”，这是升华现象D . 游泳后从水里出来感觉冷，因为身上的水蒸发吸热2. （2分）文文两次煮鸡蛋，第一次在水开后继续用急火，直到煮熟；第二次在水开后将火调小，但仍保持锅内的水沸腾，直到煮熟。

两次比较，他发现（）A . 第一种方法省燃料但费时间B . 第一种方法比第二种方法省燃料又省时间C . 第二种方法比第一种方法省燃料但费时间D . 第二种方法比第一种方法省燃料，两种方法所用时间接近3. （2分） (2018八上·云浮期中) 下列四种物态变化属于放热现象的是（）①烧水时，壶嘴冒出“白气”②冬天，湖面结冰③深秋，树上的白霜④冬天，室外冰冻的衣服也能变干A . ④B . ①④C . ②④D . ①②③4. （2分）为避免超高车辆闯入隧道造成事故，小明设计了警示电路，使用时闭合开关S．导线EF横置于隧道口上沿前方，一旦被驶来的车辆撞断，红灯L亮且电动机转动放下栏杆．灯和电动机中，即使其中之一断路，另一个也能正常工作．下列电路中符合要求的是（）A .B .C .D .5. （2分） (2016九·阳山月考) 如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变．闭合电键S，当滑动变阻器的滑片P向右移动时，不变的是（）A . 电流表A示数与电流表A1示数的差值B . 电压表V示数与电流表A示数的比值C . 电压表V示数与电流表A示数的乘积D . 电压表V示数与电流表A1示数的乘积6. （2分）(2017·龙华模拟) 夏天，小明将一瓶冰冻的矿泉水放在干净的桌面上，过了一会儿，他发现瓶下的桌而上有一滩水，你认为这些水的形成是（）A . 液化现象B . 熔化现象C . 汽化现象D . 凝华现象7. （2分） (2016八下·沙县期末) 如图所示的四种光现象中，由于光的反射形成的是（）A . 手影B . 小孔成像C . 桥在水中的倒影D . 插入水中的花茎8. （2分）在照明电路中，下列情况符合安全用电原则的是（）A . 可以随意搬动亮着的台灯或工作中的电扇B . 发现有人触电，赶快掰一根树枝把电线挑开C . 不能用潮湿的手触摸家用电器的开关D . 居民院里突然断电，利用这个机会在家中赶快检修日光灯9. （2分）(2016·南山模拟) 对图中甲、乙、丙、丁四幅图解释合理的是（）A . 甲：磁场中获得电流B . 乙：开关闭合，小磁针N极将向右偏转C . 丙：是发电机原理的装置D . 丁：开关闭合，将有机械能转化为电能10. （2分） (2019八下·揭阳期末) 如图所示，在光滑的水平台面上，一轻质弹簧左端固定，右端连接一金属小球，O点是弹簧保持原长时小球的位置，开始时通过小球压缩弹簧到A位置(已知AO=OB)，释放小球，小球开始往复运动，研究小球的受力、运动及能量情况。