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英汉翻译课程教学大纲一、课程的目的和任务《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》的教学目的和任务是，从英译汉和汉译英的一般规律和原则出发，围绕翻译的基本理论、英汉异同的对比以及翻译实践中成功或失败的实例，介绍汉英两种语言的对比与分析、各类文体的语言特点以及不同翻译方法，向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用方法、技巧，通过反复实践培养学生汉英翻译基本技能。
通过学习，学生能够熟练地运用已掌握的英语基本语法和词汇等知识，忠实、准确、通顺、完整地将汉语句子、段落和短文译成英语，并对文化差异有着较强的敏感性，能够较好地处理英汉互译中具有民族特色的形象、比喻等，胜任一般性的政治、经济、文化、科技、应用文等的翻译工作。
同时，还要注重培养学生严谨的学风，避免不求甚解、逐词死译和望文生义。
适当补充口译实践，训练学生在政治、经济、文化等方面的能力，并提高学生的政策水平和涉外工作能力。
二、课程的基本要求《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》课程的教学分为翻译方法和技巧训练阶段和短文翻译两个阶段，其分别要求是：１、翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求：（1）、词汇：掌握10000－12000 个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组；正确而熟练地使用其中5000－6000 个词汇及最常用的搭配，能够运用到汉英互译中。
（2）语法：熟练地使用各种衔接手段，连贯地表达思想，侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。
（3）阅读能力：能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评，理解文章大意，分辨事实与细节；能读懂有一定难度的历史传记及文学作品，理解其真实含义；能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，语篇结构，语言特点和修辞手法。
（4）翻译能力：能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句，写译的速度达到每小时250－300 词。
2. 短文翻译阶段的基本要求：（1）词汇1在基础翻译阶段所掌握的词汇量和一定的习语后，要涉猎、学习、掌握和运用政治、经济、文化、科技等方面的一般性词语。
青岛滨海学院教师教案青岛滨海学院教师教案Contents：英语修辞格•音韵修辞格•利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
•词义修辞格•词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
•句式修辞格•句子结构上的修辞格主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。
音韵修辞格•Alliteration 头韵•Onomatopoeia 拟声•Assonance 类音Onomatopoeia•模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
•Presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.•高跟皮鞋声咯噔咯噔地传了过来。
Alliteration•在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节具有同样的字母或声音。
•His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door.•他高大枯瘦的身影塞满了木板小屋的门。
assonance•在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
•We are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who daredto bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to thehuman mind.•我们正在大步倒退到光荣的16世纪时代，那时候有偏执狂的人点燃树枝去烧死任何敢于给人类带来智慧、启示和文明的人。
青岛滨海学院教师教案词义修辞格•Simile明喻•Metaphor暗喻•Allusion引典•Metonymy借代•Synecdoche提喻•transferred epithet转喻•Personification拟人•hyperbole夸张• irony反问•Euphemism委婉语•Pun双关•Oxymoron矛盾修饰法•Zeugma扼式修饰法•Contrast对比simile•用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。
高级英语8-13课修辞Advanced English ( I )Rhetorical Devices Applied from 8---13Unit 8 An Interactive Life1.Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethowven. – ( metonymy )2.Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway? ---( metaphor )3.To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rope in the subjects the viewer wants. --- ( metaphor)4. She is a child of the people, born in the very height and heat of battle.–( alliteration )5. Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them ---(antithesis)6. She says consumers would be a little like information “cowboys,” rounding up data from computer-based archives and information services.---(simile )Unit 9 Mark Twain -- Mirror of America1. Metaphor:⏹Mark Twain -- Mirror of America⏹saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⏹main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⏹the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States⏹All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⏹Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam⏹When railroads began drying up the demand...⏹...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...2. Simile:⏹Most American remember M. T. as the father of...⏹...a memory that seemed phonographic3. Hyperbole:⏹...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⏹The cast of characters... - a cosmos.4. Parallelism:⏹Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise througheternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.5. Personification:⏹life dealt him profound personal tragedies...⏹the river had acquainted him with ...⏹...to literature's enduring gratitude...⏹...an entry that will determine his course forever...⏹The grave world smiles as usual...⏹Bitterness fed on the man...⏹America laughed with him.⏹Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.6. Antithesis:⏹...between what people claim to be and what they really are...⏹...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...⏹...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever7. Euphemism:⏹...men's final release from earthly struggle⏹He tired soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillaswho diligently avoided contact with the enemy.8. Alliteration:⏹...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home⏹...with a dash and daring...⏹...a recklessness of cost or consequences...9. Metonymy:⏹...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeUnit 10 The trial that rock the world.1.The trial that rock the world. --- (hyperbole)2.Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. ---( transferred epithet )3.H. L. Menken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowingon him, and there was talk of running him out of town for….( transferredepithet )4.“The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes thathe must have come from below.” ---( antithesis )5.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1500 people had taken on acircus atmosphere. --- ( metaphor)6.…that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in US. History.--- (metaphor)7.…until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenthcentury …( irony)8.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”.--- ( oxymoron)9.The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as sciencemaster and football coach at the secondary school. --- ( synecdoche)10.Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. -- .( transferred epithet )11.One shop announced: Darwin is right – inside. – ( pun )Unit 11 But What's a Dictionary For?Personification1. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster‟s Third New International Dictionary is a curious phenomenon.2. An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a “disappointment,”a “shock ,” a “calamity,” “a scandal and a disaster.” The Yew York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would…3. The Journal of the American Bar Association saw the publication as ...Alliteration4. --a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.Assonance5. The difference, for example, between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) is not like the difference between yearly models but…Synecdoche6. What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges, to screen entrances and exist?7. But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary’sMetonymy8. The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "keep Your Old Webster's,” says, in the first sentence, …9. In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the 3rd International describes, even the very editorials which scorn it.Unit 12 The LoonsHyperbole1. …dresses that were always miles too long.2. …those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world Metaphor3. …the filigree of the spruce trees4. …daughter of the forest5. I tried another line6. A streak of amberTransferred epithet7. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.8. I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.9. My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.Metonymy10. Those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. ( our modern civilization) Synecdoche11. the damn bone’s flared up againPersonification12. The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping at us from the tall spruce beside the cottage,13. The news that somehow had not found its way into letters….Unit 13 Britannia Rues the WavesMetaphor:1.….the British fleet risks being elbowed out….2. Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.3. ….are bent on taking over the lion’s share….4. To cash in on the container revolution, you need….5.The one area which has weathered the economic storms….6.But P&O has no intention of throwing in the towel.。
英汉翻译实用教程教案第一章：翻译概念与原则1.1 翻译的定义解释翻译的概念和本质强调翻译的目标：传递信息、保持原文意义和风格1.2 翻译原则准确原则：确保翻译内容的准确性忠实原则：保持原文的精神和风格通俗易懂原则：确保译文适合目标读者对等原则：尽量找到等效的表达方式1.3 翻译标准解释中国的翻译标准：信、达、雅探讨翻译标准的实际应用和灵活性第二章：翻译技巧与策略2.1 直译与意译解释直译和意译的概念及适用场合强调直译和意译的平衡使用2.2 词义转换与词性变化介绍词义转换的技巧：根据上下文确定词义讲解词性变化的方法：名词转译为动词、形容词转译为副词等2.3 长句翻译分析长句的结构和特点讲解长句翻译的策略：断句、合句、调整语序等第三章：英汉语言对比与翻译3.1 英汉语言特点对比分析英语和汉语的语音、语法、词汇等方面的差异强调了解和掌握这些差异对翻译的重要性3.2 文化差异与翻译介绍英汉文化差异对翻译的影响讲解翻译中文化适应和文化保留的方法3.3 翻译中的常见问题和解决方法分析英汉翻译中常见的困难和问题提供解决这些问题的方法和技巧第四章：不同文体翻译技巧4.1 文学翻译技巧讲解诗歌、小说、戏剧等文学作品的翻译方法强调文学翻译中的艺术性和创造性4.2 商务翻译技巧介绍商务合同、广告、报告等文体的翻译要点强调商务翻译的准确性和专业性4.3 科技翻译技巧讲解科技文章、专利文件等文体的翻译方法强调科技翻译的准确性和专业性第五章：翻译工具与资源5.1 翻译软件与工具介绍常用的翻译软件和在线翻译工具强调翻译软件的辅助作用，不能完全依赖5.2 参考资料与资源介绍翻译中常用的参考资料：词典、手册、专业书籍等强调广泛阅读和积累知识的重要性5.3 翻译团队与协作强调团队合作在翻译项目中的重要性介绍有效的翻译协作方法和工具第六章：口译技巧与实践6.1 口译类型与特点解释同声传译、交替传译等口译类型的区别强调口译中的即时性和准确性6.2 口译技巧讲解听力理解、短期记忆、语言表达等口译技巧强调练习和提高口译能力的重要性6.3 口译实践提供口译练习场景和实例鼓励学生进行模拟练习，提高口译实战能力第七章：本地化与国际化翻译7.1 本地化概念与流程解释本地化的概念和目的讲解本地化的流程：市场调研、翻译、适应性修改等7.2 国际化翻译介绍国际化翻译的原则和方法强调在翻译中考虑不同文化和市场的适应性7.3 翻译案例分析提供实际的翻译案例分析案例中的本地化和国际化翻译策略第八章：翻译评估与反馈8.1 翻译质量评估标准介绍翻译质量评估的主要标准：准确性、流畅性、忠实度等强调评估过程中的客观性和公正性8.2 翻译错误分析分析常见的翻译错误类型：语义错误、语法错误、文化错误等提供避免和纠正这些错误的方法8.3 翻译反馈与改进强调反馈在翻译过程中的重要性讲解如何有效地接收和利用反馈，提高翻译水平第九章：翻译职业规划与发展9.1 翻译职业概述介绍翻译行业的现状和发展趋势强调翻译职业的挑战和机遇9.2 翻译职业规划指导学生进行翻译职业规划提供提升翻译能力和职业发展的建议9.3 翻译伦理与职业素养介绍翻译职业的伦理规范和职业素养强调翻译工作中的责任感和专业精神第十章：翻译案例研究与分析10.1 经典翻译案例研究分析经典的翻译案例：文学作品、历史文献、名人演讲等讲解案例中的翻译策略和技巧10.2 现代翻译案例分析分析现代社会中的翻译案例：广告、电影、网络内容等强调翻译在现代社会中的重要作用和影响力10.3 学生翻译作品点评提供学生的翻译作品点评作品中的优点和不足，提出改进建议重点解析本文教案主要围绕英汉翻译实用教程展开，涵盖了翻译概念、原则、技巧、策略、英汉语言对比、翻译工具与资源、口译技巧与实践、本地化与国际化翻译、翻译评估与反馈、翻译职业规划与发展以及翻译案例研究与分析等十个章节。
