安徽大学期末试卷宏观经济学考试题(B卷).doc

XX大学XX学年第X学期级本科班期末考试试卷课程名称：宏观经济学任课教师：考试时间：120 分钟学号：姓名：班级：考试性质（学生填写）：正常考试（）缓考补考（）重修（）提前修读（）一、单选题（每题1分，共20分）1、国民生产总值是下面哪一项的市场价值___________A 一年内一个经济中的所有交易B 一年内一个经济中交换的所有商品和劳务C 一年内一个经济中交换的所有最终商品和劳务D 一年内一个经济中生产的所有最终产品和劳务2、下列哪一项不列入国内生产总值的核算___________A 出口到国外的一批货物B 政府给贫困家庭发放的一笔救济金C 经纪人为一座旧房买卖收取的一笔佣金D 保险公司收到一笔家庭财产保险费3、当消费函数为C=a+by，a、b>0，这表明，平均消费倾向__________Ａ大于边际消费倾向 B 小于边际消费倾向C 等于边际消费倾向D 以上三种情况都可能4、下列哪一种情况不会使收入水平增加____________A 自发性支出增加B 自发性税收下降C 自发性转移支付增加D 净税收增加5、投资增加100万元，使国民收入增加了1000万元，那么此时的边际消费倾向为：__________A 100%.B 10%C 90%D 80%6、如果消费函数为C=100 + 0.8(Y – T)，并且税收和政府支出同时增加1元，则均衡的收入水平将___________A 保持不变B 增加3元C 增加1元D 下降4元7、如果一项仅用一年资产的供给价格为3000元，预期收益为3500元，则资本的边际效率为__________A 12%B 9%C 83%D 17%8、如果人们预期利率还会上升时，他们将__________A 出售证券并持有货币B 购买证券并减少他们的货币持有量C 期望证券价格保持不变D 期望证券价格上升9、在流动陷阱中__________A 货币政策和财政政策都十分有效B 货币政策和财政政策都无效C 货币政策无效，财政政策有效D 货币政策有效，财政政策无效10、在IS曲线不变的情况下，货币量减少会引起：__________A 国民收入增加，利率下降B 国民收入增加，利率上升C 国民收入减少，利率上升D 国民收入减少，利率下降11、在LM曲线不变的情况下，自发总需求的增加会引起：__________A 国民收入增加，利率上升B 国民收入增加，利率下降C 国民收入减少，利率下降D 国民收入减少，利率上升12、下列哪种情况中“挤出效应”可能很大__________A LM陡峭，IS也陡峭B LM平缓，IS也平缓C LM陡峭，IS平缓D LM平缓，IS陡峭13、下列哪种情况中增加货币供给不会影响均衡收入：__________A LM陡峭而IS平缓B LM垂直而IS陡峭C LM平缓而IS垂直D LM和IS一样平缓14、引起摩擦性失业的原因是：＿＿＿＿A 工资能升不能降的刚性B 总需求不足C 经济中劳动力的正常流动D 在产业升级过程中形成的失业15、在经济学中，M1是指：＿＿＿＿A 现金B 现金+活期存款C 现金+活期存款+定期存款D 现金和一切形式的储蓄存款16、菲利普斯曲线说明：_________A 通货膨胀导致失业B 通货膨胀是由行业工会引起的C 通货膨胀率与失业率之间呈负相关D 通货膨胀率与失业率之间呈正相关17、基钦周期是一种__________。

6.自然失业率7.摩擦性失业8.费雪效应9. 货币需求函数 10.奥肯定律二、单项选择题(每题2分,共30分)1．下列哪一项不列入国内生产总值的核算？（ ）A.出口到国外的一批货物B.政府给贫困家庭发放一笔救济金C.经纪人为一座旧房买卖收取的一笔佣金D.保险公司收到一笔家庭财产保险2.在下列项目中,( )不属于政府购买?A.地方政府办三所中学B.政府给低收入者提供一笔住房补贴C.政府订购一批军火D.政府给公务员增加薪水3.在国民收入核算中,下列哪个属于投资?( )A.买了100股股票B.买一台电脑用于学习C.某企业投资新建了一幢厂房用于生产D.吃了一个苹果4.政府购买支出增加,对国民储蓄、投资和利率的影响是（ ）A.国民储蓄增加,投资增加,利率增加B.国民储蓄增加,投资减少,利率减少C.国民储蓄减少,投资减少,利率增加D.国民储蓄减少,投资减少,利率减少5.一个小型开放经济的政府增加个人所得税,该国的( )A.净出口增加B.投资增加C.均衡实际汇率增加D.消费增加6.下面关于资本的边际产量MPK 的哪些说法是错误的( )A.MPK=f(k+1)-f(k)B.MPK 随K 增加而减少C.当资本量低时,MPK 很小D.MPK 等于生产函数y=f(k)斜率7.如果2/1k y =,s=0.4,2.0=δ,那么稳定状态的人均资本水平为( )A.4B.8C.2D.0.28.资本的黄金律水平是( )的最大化A.人均消费水平B.人均产出C.人均消费增长率D.人均产出增长率9.一个初始处于稳定状态的经济提高储蓄率,到达新的稳定状态后( )A.人均产出增长更快于以前B.人均产出水平高于以前C.人均资本不变D.以上都对10.在有人口增长和技术进步的索洛模型中,稳定状态时每个效率工人的产出增长等于( )A.0B.技术增长率gC.人口增长率+技术增长率gD.储蓄率s11.一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值,说明该国公民从外国取得的收入( )外国公民从该国取得的收入A.大于B.小于C.等于D.可能大于也可能小于12.L代表劳动力,E代表就业工人人数,U代表失业工人人数,f代表失业率,s代表就职率,则稳定状态条件为( )A.fU=sEB.fU/L=s(1-U/L)C.U/L=s/(s+f)D.以上都不对13.以下不属于预期通货膨胀的成本的是( )A.皮鞋成本B.菜单成本C.任意再分配社会财富 D,税收和相对价格扭曲14.费雪效应告诉我们( )A.实际利率等于名义利率加上通货膨胀B.通货膨胀率与名义利率存在一一对应关系C.货币增长率提高1%,通货膨胀率下降1%D.以上都不对15.假设国民产出Y=1000,国内所有物品与劳务的支出等于900,净出口等于( )A.100B.-100C.1900D.0三、问答计算题（第1题6分，第2-5题各8分，第6题12分，共50分）1．对实际工资可能保持在使劳动供求均衡的水平之上的原因给出三种解释2．解释以下的变化对名义利率、货币需求和物价水平的影响（1）今天货币供给的一次增加（2）实际利率的下降（3）产出增加（4）今天发布的一个有关货币供给增长率计划性下降的公告3．在小型开放经济条件下，国内财政政策和保护主义贸易政策的变动如何影响实际汇率？作图说明4．画图说明若资本低于或者高于黄金律稳定状态，决策者可以采取什么政策达到黄金律的稳定状态，决策者会这么做吗？为什么？5．比较AK模型、两部门内生增长模型和索洛模型的异同点6．分析正文中提出的两部门内生增长模型（1）根据效率工人的人均产出和效率工人的人均资本重新写出制成品的生产函数（2）在这个经济中，收支相抵的投资（保持效率工人人均资本量不变所需要的投资量）是多少？（3）写出k变动的公式，该式表示△k是储蓄减收支相抵的投资。

宏观 经 济 学 B 卷 答 案一、名词解释（ 10 分 每小题 2 分）1GNP ：国民生产总值。

某国身份家的公民在一定时期内运用生产要素所能生产的全部最终产品的市场价值。

2、税收乘数：税收增加一个单位所引起的均衡国民收入增加的倍数。

3、货币流动偏好：由于货币具有使用上的灵活性人们宁肯牺牲利息收入来保持财富的心理倾向。

4、 LM 曲线：货币市场均衡时 L m ，此时反映利率 r 和国民收入 y 之间对应关系的曲线。

5、扩张性的货币政策： 货币当局通过改变货币供给 m 或利率 r 等金融杠杆进而使国民收入增加的政策。

二、单项选择（ 20 分 每小题 2 分） 1—— 5 DDADB 6 —— 10 BBABC 三、简答题（ 20 分 每小题 5 分）1、在其他条件不变的前提下，如果国家增加政府转移支付， IS 曲线将如何移动，请画图分析并说明理由。

e gt tr 1答：在三部门经济中， IS 曲线为 rdy ，当其他条件不变，e gttr d政府转移支付 tr 增加时，纵截距增大，斜率不变，所以 IS 曲线向右上方d平移。

2、什么是汇率？汇率有几种标价法？并举例说明。

答：汇率是一国货币交换另一国货币的比率。

有直接标价法和间接标价法。

直接标价法如：1 美元 =6.19 人民币；间接标价法如： 1 人民币 =1/6.19 美元。

3、宏观经济政策目标是什么？为达到这些目标可采用的政策工具有哪些？宏观经济政策目标包括充分就业、物价稳定、经济增长和国际收支平衡。

工具有财政政策和货币政策。

财政政策又包括扩张性的财政政策和紧缩性的财政政策。

货币政策又包括扩张性的货币政策和紧缩性的货币政策。

财政政策的工具：税收、政府购买、转移支付、公债，来调节社会总需求，使之社会总供给相均衡，从而使社会与经济既不发生经济萧条又无通货膨胀的稳定增长。

货币政策工具：（ 1）法定存款准备金率：即商业银行每吸收一笔存款上缴到央行的那部分，占该笔存款的比例。

宏观经济学期末考试复习题。

一、单项选题:1.下列哪一项不包括在国民生产总值的计算中？2)一个国家的国民生产总值低于其国内生产总值，这表明其公民从外国获得的收入(2)外国公民从该国获得的收入。

A.大于b小于c等于d可以大于或小于3。

今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的国内生产总值，表明(d)。

a .今年的价格水平必须高于去年b .今年生产的商品和服务的总量必须高于去年c .今年的价格水平和实际产出水平必须高于去年d .以上三种说法不一定正确。

4.在一个只有家庭、企业和政府组成的三部门经济中必须有。

A.家庭储蓄等于净投资b .家庭储蓄等于总投资c .家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府支出d .家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府支出。

5之间的差异。

国内生产总值和NDP是间接税收折旧直接税净出口。

根据国民收入核算的原则，家庭投资于教育的人力资本(a)。

a属于消费支出b属于政府支出c属于投资支出d不包括在国民生产总值中。

国内生产总值指的是(c)。

要素收益利润净要素收益国外净要素收益国内间接税折旧国内间接税折旧国外净要素收益。

用支出法计算的国内生产总值的公式是(一)国内生产总值=I G(十-一、单项选题:1.下列哪一项不包括在国民生产总值的计算中？2)一个国家的国民生产总值低于其国内生产总值，这表明其公民从外国获得的收入(2)外国公民从该国获得的收入。

A.大于b小于c等于d可以大于或小于3。

今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的国内生产总值，表明(d)。

a .今年的价格水平必须高于去年b .今年生产的商品和服务的总量必须高于去年c .今年的价格水平和实际产出水平必须高于去年d .以上三种说法不一定正确。

4.在一个只有家庭、企业和政府组成的三部门经济中必须有。

A.家庭储蓄等于净投资b .家庭储蓄等于总投资c .家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府支出d .家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府支出。

5之间的差异。

国内生产总值和NDP是间接税收折旧直接税净出口。

宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案试卷A一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要对象是（）。

A. 个体经济行为B. 企业经济行为C. 国民经济总体D. 政府经济行为答案：C2. 国内生产总值（GDP）是指（）。

A. 一个国家所有居民生产的最终产品和服务的市场价值B. 一个国家所有居民消费的最终产品和服务的市场价值C. 一个国家所有居民收入的总和D. 一个国家所有居民储蓄的总和答案：A3. 通货膨胀是指（）。

A. 货币供应量增加B. 货币供应量减少C. 货币购买力下降D. 货币购买力上升答案：C4. 货币政策的主要工具不包括（）。

A. 利率B. 货币供应量C. 税收D. 公开市场操作答案：C5. 财政政策的自动稳定器包括（）。

A. 税收B. 政府支出C. 政府债务D. 所有以上答案：D6. 经济周期的四个阶段是（）。

A. 繁荣、衰退、萧条、复苏B. 繁荣、萧条、衰退、复苏C. 复苏、衰退、萧条、繁荣D. 萧条、复苏、繁荣、衰退答案：A7. 总需求曲线向下倾斜表明（）。

A. 价格水平上升，总需求增加B. 价格水平上升，总需求减少C. 价格水平下降，总需求增加D. 价格水平下降，总需求减少答案：B8. 长期总供给曲线是（）。

A. 垂直的B. 向右上方倾斜的C. 向右下方倾斜的D. 水平的答案：A9. 货币乘数的大小取决于（）。

A. 法定准备金率B. 货币流通速度C. 银行贷款利率D. 以上都不是答案：A10. 菲利普斯曲线描述的是（）。

A. 通货膨胀与失业率之间的关系B. 通货膨胀与经济增长之间的关系C. 经济增长与失业率之间的关系D. 货币供应量与失业率之间的关系答案：A二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 以下哪些因素会影响总需求（）。

A. 消费者信心B. 利率水平C. 政府支出D. 货币供应量答案：ABCD2. 以下哪些是财政政策的工具（）。

A. 税收B. 政府支出C. 货币供应量D. 利率答案：AB3. 以下哪些是宏观经济学的主要目标（）。

安徽大学20 07 —20 08 学年第 2 学期《 宏观经济学 》考试试卷（B 卷）（闭卷 时间120分钟）一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1、经济增长的标志是（ D ）A 城市化步伐的加快B 社会福利水平的提高C 失业率的下降D 社会生产能力的不断提高E 政府财政赤字的减少题 号 一 二 三 四 五 六 总分得分阅卷人院/系 年级 专业 姓名 学号答 题 勿 超 装 订 线 ------------------------------装---------------------------------------------订----------------------------------------线----------------------------------------2、根据消费函数，影响消费增加的因素是（ B ）A 物价水平下降B 收入增加C 利率提高D 储蓄增加E 社会收入分配不平均3、IS曲线的方程是（ A ）A i(r)=s(y) Bi(y)=s(r)C i=c+s Di(r)=s(r)E i(y)=s(y)4、根据生命周期的消费理论，退休期生活水平将（ C ）A 下降B 提高C 不变D 取决于社会救济制度E 不确定5、如果利率和收入都能按供求状况自动调整，那么，当利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线右上方、LM曲线左上方时，下面情况将会发生（ D ）A 利率上升、收入减少B 利率上升、收入增加C 利率下降、收入增加D 利率下降、收入减少E 利率下降、收入不变6、在实际的国民收入未达到充分就业的国民收入时，根据IS-LM模型，要增加国民收入而又保持利息率不变，则政府应该（ B ）A 增加投资B 增加投资的同时增加货币供给C 减少货币供给量D 减少投资的同时增加货币供给E 增加投资的同时减少货币供给7、假定某个经济社会目前的均衡收入为5500亿元，如果政府要把收入提高到6000亿元，在边际储蓄倾向等于0.2的情况下，应增加支出（ B ）A 50亿元B 100亿元C 150亿元D 250亿元E 500亿元8、中央银行在公开市场上买进和卖出各种有价证券的目的是（ C ）A 调节价格水平B 实现利润最大化C 调节货币供给量D 调节债券价格E 调节收入分配9、AD-AS模型是在IS-LM模型基础上推导出来的，它改变的一个基本假设是（C ）A 充分就业B 货币需求受利率和收入的影响C 价格不变D 投资由利率决定E 消费由可支配收入决定10、垄断企业和寡头企业利用市场势力谋取过高利润所导致的通货膨胀，属于（ A ）A 成本推动型通货膨胀B 结构性通货膨胀C 需求拉动型通货膨胀D 货币供给型通货膨胀E 需求性与结构性的混合通货膨胀得分二、多项选择题（每小题2分，多选漏选均不得分，共10分）1、GDP核算不反映的交易有（ C,D ）A 购买二手汽车时支付给中介6%的中介费B 新建但未销售的住房C大学生每月获得的生活补贴D 与朋友打赌赢得的100元E 银行存款的利息2、经济学讲的投资是指 （ C,D,E ）A 人们购买证券B 人们购买土地C 存货的增加 D 机器设备的增加E 新住宅的增加3、下列项目中，不属于政府购买的有（ B,D ）A政府给公务员加薪 B 政府支付的公债利息C 政府投资兴建福利院D 政府给低收入者提供住房补贴E 政府出资为地震灾区重建中小学校校舍4、假如经济发生了严重的通货膨胀，利益受损院/系 年级 专业 姓名 学号答 题 勿 超 装 订 线 ------------------------------装---------------------------------------------订----------------------------------------线----------------------------------------的有（ A,B,D ）A 领取固定工资的人B 持现款的人C 雇主D 债权人E 债务人5、经济过热时，政府应该（ A,C,D ）A 减少购买支出B 减少税收C 增加税收D 降低转移支付水平E 增加购买支出三、名词解释（每小题4分，共20分）得分1、边际消费倾向2、投资乘数3、经济周期4、自动稳定器5、失业率四、计算题（每小题10分，共20分）得分1、假设国内生产总值是5000，个人可支配收入是4100，政府预算赤字是200，消费是3800，贸易赤字是100（单位：亿元）。

经济与管理学院 2011—2012学年第（二）学期期末考试《宏观经济学》试卷（B ）评分标准 一、 选择题二、名词解释题（每题3分，共12分） 1．公开市场业务 答：又称公开市场操作，是指中央银行在金融市场上公开买卖政府证券以控制货币供给和利率的政策行为。

2．流动性陷阱答：当利率极低，人们会认为这时利率不大可能再下降，或者说有价证券市场价格不大可能再上升而只会跌落，此时人们不管手中有多少货币都愿意持有手中，这种情况即为流动性陷阱，又称凯恩斯陷阱。

3．挤出效应答：指政府支出增加或税收减少所引起的私人消费或投资降低的效果。

具体来说，当政府支出增加时，或税收减少时，货币需求会增加，在货币供给既定情况下，利率会上升，私人部门（厂商）的投资会受到抑制，产生政府支出挤出私人投资的现象。

4．实际汇率答：实际汇率是两国产品的相对价格，表明一国的产品与另一国的产品交换的比率。

⨯=名义汇率国内价格水平实际汇率国外价格水平三、作图分析题1、由于石油价格上涨带来的供给冲击，使SRAS左移，均衡点由A移动到B，均衡的价格水平上升，国民收入水平下降。

宏观经济处于低于潜在水平的短期均衡，经济出现衰退。

（作出图4分，解释3分）2．用IS－LM模型分析扩张性货币政策对经济的影响。

2.（1）IS一LM模型是说明物品市场与货币市场同时均衡时利率与国内生产总值决定的模型。

（3分）（2）扩张性货币政策就是增加货币供给量，降低利率，刺激总需求。

（3分）（3）当货币供给量增加时，LM曲线向右下方移动，即从LM0移动到LM1。

（3分）（4）LM曲线向右下方移动，引起GDP从Y0增加到Y1，利率从i0下降为i1。

（3分）（5）作图占3分。

四、计算题（每题10分，共30分）2、假定一国由下列国民收入统计资料：0 Y0Y1ii0i1IS LM1LM03试计算：（1）国内生产净值；（2）净出口；（3）政府税收减去转移支付后的收入；（4）个人可支配收入；（5）个人储蓄。

一、 1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中：A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买 40 股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。

3、计入 GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。

5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为；B、边际储蓄倾向为；C、边际储蓄倾向为；7、国民消费函数为D 、边际储蓄倾向为。

C=80+，如果消费增加100 亿元，国民收入A、增加 100 亿元；B、减少 100 亿元；C、增加 500 亿元；D、减少 500 亿元。

8、如果政府支出增加A、对 IS 曲线无响应B、 IS 曲线向右移动C、 IS 曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对 IS 曲线无响应B、 IS 曲线向右移动C、 IS 曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于 IS 曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于储蓄；B、投资小于储蓄；C 、投资等于储蓄；D 、无法确定。

11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果 LM 曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A 、 收入增加、利率上升 ； B 、收入增加、利率下降； C 、收入减少、利率上升； D 、收入减少、利率下降。

12、一般地，在 IS 曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致 A 、收入增加、利率上升； B 、收入增加、利率下降；C 、收入减少、利率上升13、如果现行产出水平为； D 、收入减少、利率下降。

10 万亿元，总需求为 8 万亿，可以断定，若经济不是充分就业，那么：A 、 就业水平将下降B 、 收入水平将上升C 、 收入和就业水平将均衡D 、 就业量将上升E 、 就业水平将上升，收入将下降 14、在流动陷阱（凯恩斯陷阱）中 A 、 货币政策和财政政策都十分有效 B 、 货币政策和财政政策都无效 C 、 货币政策无效，财政政策有效 D 、 货币政策有效，财政政策无效 E 、 以上说法都不正确15、如果实施扩张性的货币政策，中央银行可采取的措施是 A 、卖出国债； B 、提高法定准备金比率； C 、降低再贴现率； D 、提高再贴现率；16、如果名义利率为 6%，通货膨胀率为 12%，那么实际利率是A 、6%； B 、 18%； C 、 12%； D 、 -6%。

1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is the精品文档a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.精品文档19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest ratea. and the real exchange rate increase.b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the following question, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move froma. a tob.b. a toc.c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is thata. aggregate demand shifts right.b. aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve isa. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking systema. increase, so the money supply increases.b. increase, so the money supply decreases.c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes thea. interest rate and investment to rise.b. interest rate and investment to fall.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.27．If the stock market crashes,a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.精品文档28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate.精品文档三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns:52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me,which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors inexplaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affectconsumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.精品文档11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49.50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)精品文档五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)精品文档《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will精品文档reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are notsubject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk thangovernment bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph. Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。

厦门大学网络教育2010-2011学年第一学期《宏观经济学》课程期末模拟试卷（B）卷学习中心：_____________ 年级: _____________ 专业：_____________ 学号：_________________ 姓名：_____________ 成绩：_____________一、名词解释（每小题5分，共25分）1.GDP一年内在木国领土内所生产的最终产品和劳务的市场价值总和。

2.边际消费倾向递减规律随着收入的增加，新增的消费在新增的收入屮所占的比例在逐渐下降。

3.口然失业率充分就业下的失业率。

自然失业率是一个不会造成通货膨胀的失业率。

4.购买力平价—种汇率理论，认为一单位任何一种货币应该能在所有国家买到等量物品。

购买力平价理论认为，两国通货Z间的名义汇率必然反映这两个国家Z间的物价差别。

5.流动性陷阱当利率水平极低吋，人们不愿意:持有债券，但不管有多少货币都愿意持有在手中的情况。

%1.简答（每小题8分，共32分）1・请简要解释持久收入假说。

持久收入假说认为，消费者的消费支出不是由他的现期收入决定的，而是由他的持久收入决定的。

也就是说理性的消费者不是根据现期的暂时性收入，而是根据长期中能保持的收入水平來做出消费决策的。

2.请给出一•种理论解释短期总供给曲线向上倾斜的原因。

有三种理论：（1）粘性工资模型：名义工资不能根拯市场的供求状况及时做出调整，导致劳动市场未能及时出清，因此，未预期到的价格上涨将降低实际工资水平，从而导致厂商雇佣更多的工人，产出水平增加。

(2)不完全信息模型：由于不完全信息，商品供给者常常混淆物价总水平的变动和相对价格水平的变动。

即使本企业价格的上涨完全是由于物价总水平的上涨，厂商往往也会认为其屮冇部分相对价格上涨的因素，从而增加生产，产出水平增加。

(3)粘性价格模型：价格未能根据产品市场的需求状况及时做出调整，导致产品市场未能及时出清。

因此，对厂商所生产的产品的需求增加吋,厂商不是提高价格，而是增加产出。