2019高考备考周阅读四

备考2019年高考英语一轮复习测试：任务型阅读（七选五）1.（2018•北京）任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ________Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.________ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ________ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.2.任务型阅读Life is kind of like a party. You invite a lot of people, some leave early, some stay all night, some laugh with you, some laugh at you, and some show up really late. But in the end, after the fun, there are a few who stay to help you clean up the mess. And most of the time, they aren't even the ones who made themess________ They are the ones who matter most. Here are four things real friends do differently: They face problems together. A real friend is someone who sees the pain in your eyes while everyone else still believes the smile on your face.________Just look for someone who will face them with you.________Your word means everything. If you say you're going to do something, DO IT! If you say you're going to be somewhere, BE THERE! If you say you feel something, MEAN IT! If you can't, won't, and don't, then DON'T LIE. Real friends keep promises and tell the truth upfront.They accept each other. Trying to change a person never works. A real friend is someone who truly knows you and loves you just the same.________ Be yourself and people will love the real you. If you feel like changing something about your friend, ask yourself what change you can make in yourself instead.They support each other's growth changes. Our needs change with time. When someone says, “You've changed,” it's not always a bad thing.________Don't apologize for it. Instead, be open and sincere, explain how you feel, and keep doing what you know in your heart is right,A. They keep their promises.B. No one is happy all the time.C. They make time for each other.D. Don't change so that people will like you.E. Sometimes it just means you've grown.F. These people are your real friends in life.G. Don't look for someone who will solve all your problems.3.任务型阅读Common public speaking problemsThe use of “I feel”, “I think” and “maybe”In the question-and-answer session of the speaking competition, many contestants began their answers with uncertain expressions like “I feel”, “I guess”, “I hear”, “maybe” and “perhaps”. These w ords show that the person is only speaking from his or her point of view________Work on keeping your answers brief and to the point________ Instead of the empty-sounding “I guess”, using facts, together with a clear conclusion based on those facts, is far more likely to be popular with an audience.Using only one speaking style“Don't stick to the same tone________ For example, when they spoke about their dreams some sounded romatic. Others used humor. Very few used several different styles together. Try mixing more than one style, rather than just sticking with the same one.Irresponsible answersPublic speaking is different from personal conversations. You're responsible for your words________So you should think twice before you talk. Don't belike the student who, when asked about his opinion on book piracy（盗版）, started by saying he supported it.Talking around the topic rather than directly answering itYou should focus on one point and give a clear solution. The key is to work out what question is being asked. Is it asking you to discuss a certain topic or to present your own point of view?Use one or two arguments together and give a strong conclusion________A. It can be boring. Try to mix it up.B. Also work on delivering them with calmness and confidence.C. Even though you want to answer quickly, you don't want to sound foolish.D. This lacks the support of facts and seems not to be reliable for the judges and audience.E. Remember that judges are not judging you on whether they agree, but on your ability to say what you think clearly.F. Confidence is extremely important in public speaking as it lets a speaker sound more convincing.G. Deliberate gestures and affected（做作的）expressions of feelings are improper in a successful speech.4.任务型阅读Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own, and yet so many of us don't listen properly as we should. Listening means more than just sitting silently while someone else talks.________Here are some ways to become a better listener.________ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying, and you can't cut your friend off verbally carelessly. While you might intend to help move the conversation along your friend might feel as if what he has said needs to be continually talked over or sounds anything but interesting.Nod to encourage the conversation along. A better option to let your friend know you're interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time. Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say.________Turn out background noise. If you're easily distracted by laughter, glasses clinking, children crying, you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend.________ Don't hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way. If you can't focus, try moving to another area.Don't text or look at your phone!________ For you see, when you're sitting in front of someone, he is themost important person in your world at that moment.A. Stop the speaker whenever you have a question.B. Practice silence when someone else is talking.C. If necessary, ask your friend to repeat himself.D. Whoever is calling or texting can wait until you're done with your conversation.E. It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.F. In this case, try to push away your thoughts until you're absorbed in what your friend is saying.G Remembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue.5.任务型阅读Perhaps at one point in time, it was acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with “To Whom It May Concern.”________ Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give off the impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to________After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.________It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints（抱怨）made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation, for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers________“In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net,” notes Grammarly.”Ask yourself. Who does this e-mail concern? If you can honestly answer 'Anyone, 'then feel free to use “To Whom It May Concern.” （These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.）If you do happen to find that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, don't make grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation.________A. However, it maybe interesting.B. Those times have changed, though.C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.D. It's also very impersonal, which some employers might not appreciate.E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.F. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.G. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.6.任务型阅读No personal success, achievement, or goal, can be realized without self-discipline.________ It is the ability to control one's impulses, emotions, desires and behavior. To possess it is to make the decisions, take the actions, and carry out your plan regardless of the obstacles, discomfort, or difficulties, that may come your way.How to develop self-discipline? We'll explore it together.Start with baby steps. No process takes place overnight.________So, begin by making the decision to go forward and learning what it takes to get there.Learn what motivates you and what your bad triggers are.________ Sometimes it is very difficult to fight off urges, so know the areas where your resistance is low and how to avoid those situations. Remove the temptations and surround yourself with encouraging items such as motivating slogans and pictures of what you want to achieve.Make certain behaviors a routine. Once you have decided what's important to you and which goals to strive for, establish a daily routine that will help you achieve them.________They can put you in a negative frame of mind and hinder（阻碍）your self-discipline. A poor attitude can also be a bad habit.________ Michael Jordan has always maintained that his greatness as a basketball player came as much from his willingness to work hard at this craft, as it did his craft, as it did his talent. It was his desire through discipline and focus that made him one of the best basketball players ever. If it worked for him, it could certainly work for the rest of us.A. What is self-discipline?B. Engage in sports activities.C. Get inspiration from those you admire.D. You can begin by learning about yourself?E. If you try to do too much at once, you could injure yourself and have a seatback.F. Meanwhile, get rid of some of your bad, self-defeating habits, whatever they may be.G. It does mean learning how to focus your mind and energies on your goals until they are accomplished.7.任务型阅读How to Make PlansMost people get seared when talking about planning or writing plans.________ And you need to plan for success as planning redly works and inspires you to go straight ahead. However, how to create effective plans is still a problem. Don't worry, and just follow the steps below.Step 1________What plans have you had in the past? Probably, in some of your plans, you haven't ended up where youthought you were going to end up, Get a good understanding of what you have done and what you haven't done in the past. It is a primary foundation for your new plan. If having no plan, just take actions and make plans right now.Step 2 Think about the What - IfsWhen you are building your plans, you should consider where you are going and make clear the What - Its, Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe.________Step 3 Document the plansWhen starting to make plans, you should try to write them down. It is of key importance for the future.________ In addition, make sure you have the plans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details.Step 4 Update the plansAccording to your written plans and actual situation, you should check out the plans you have completed and haven't completed.________Make sure all the assumptions are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days, planning will be getting simpler and easier.A. Review historical plansB. Make new plans immediatelyC. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a planned wayD. And you need to continue what you haven't done and update itE. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought wellF. And what you should do next is to check your plan monthly or quarterlyG. For your benefits, you need to make Plan A and Plan B in case of changes and contingencies（偶发事件）.8.任务型阅读The goal of homework is to help students remember and understand what they learned in school that day. It can also help teach them independence and time-management and planning skills, which are keys to success in the real world.________ Here are some successful habits of how to do a good job of homework. Set the stage.Your children need a quiet spot to do their homework.This should be the same place every day, whether it is at the kitchen table or at their desk in their room.________You can take the time to work on a quiet task of your own, whether it's paying bills, reading the newspaper, or planning the next day.Time it right.Homework for young children should be done when your children get home from school, because theinformation is still fresh in their minds and they have enough energy. Have your kids eat some snacks and talk about their day with you.Then have them start their homework.________It's not your homework: it's theirs.You need to be involved in homework to see what your children are learning and how well they know what they need to know.________But guide them if they are struggling. You want them to get the feeling of pride and accomplishment on their own.________Let your children know how grown up it is for them to have homework and how proud you are of them. Try to instill (灌输）into them that it is “fun” to be able to do the assigned tasks. Let them show you their work, praise them for finishing their homework, and always do it with a smile.A. Be hopeful and confident.B. Get excited and be positive.C. Be nearby while they do their homework.D. Be sure not to do the homework for your children.E. That means the television is shut off, even for you.F. A small amount of homework also has a great influence on students.G. Arrange other activities for later in the day so kids can get their homework done first.9.任务型阅读Summer is the perfect time to relax.As you plan for your trip,here are some tips on how to protect yourself. ________Fight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions,which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore,mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag.________In lesser-developed countries there is less equipment for clean water and public health.If you can't avoid unhealthful water,make sure you bring along a tea or coffee—making pot that will boil water for you.You'd better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isn't just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.Always protect your feet.It's best to wear slippers in the shower,but if you must be barefoot,put a towel down on the floor.________You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country,including your hotel room.Be sure to eat safe fruits.________They may have been washed in the same water,or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens.The best advice is to bring your own peeler（削皮器）so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.Enjoy the smell of roadside stands,not the food.Unless the food is piping hot when served,it's best to stay away from roadside stands,no matter how good the smell of the food might be.If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean,order the food to go.________A.Don't trust the local waterB.Any fruit served fresh may be pollutedC.Look out for any water not served in a bottleD.The boxes may be cleaner than the plate or fork on the tableE.You should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruitsF.They are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your tripG.Parasites（寄生虫）can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts of the body10.任务型阅读Happiness begins from appreciationIf you are feeling that life just cannot be any worse for you, it can be challenging to think positive. When stressed, depressed, upset or otherwise in a negative state of mind because you are aware that misfortune keeps occurring, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. ________ It is often very hard to think positive when so many things are negative, but be sure that someone, somewhere is worse off than you. ________ If you start with one small, positive thing and appreciate it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation and people will start showing up in your life. With appreciation, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, regardless of the events around you. ________Begin and end each day with a “Thank you for this wonderful, glorious day!”When you see the rise of gas prices, say “I am so glad to have a vehicle in which to get around.”When your boss is too hard on you, say “I am grateful for my job as I know that many don't have one.”If you are having health problems, be grateful for what does work: “I re ally do appreciate it that my eyes see, my ears hear, my mouth tastes, my legs walk, my arms lift and my mind thinks and everything else works.”Write down what you're grateful for each day. In moments when you're feeling really down, read loudwhat you wrote previously. ________ If you practice this regularly, you will find your list getting longer and longer.The key is to move yourself into a positive thought and keep it there long enough to make it a moment of appreciation. ________A. This will certainly help uplift your spirits.B. If not, you will only attract more misfortune.C. It is of great importance to learn to be grateful.D. The more you appreciate, the happier you'll be.E. If you have made some achievements in your career.F. Here are a few common examples for you to practice.G. You can choose to think differently by beginning with the smallest of steps.11.任务型阅读Mondays are kind of annoying.________ A recent survey says that most people get the pre-work “Sunday blues”. Start ing your Monday feeling sad, anxious and unorganized is hardly the way to kick off a healthy week.The solution? Set aside a little time on Sunday to purposefully prepare yourself for the five days ahead, suggests women's health expert Marsha Hudnall.________Do some meal preparations.Figuring out what to have for dinner on weeknights can be surprisingly stressful. Stretching out a menu plan on Sunday and swinging by the grocery store for ingredients will help you eat well. Go a step further by chopping and cooking vegetables and a protein (like a roast chicken or scrambled eggs).________ Or finally attempt a different diet you've been meaning to try. For easy dinner planning, just order, and you'll have a week's worth of raw materials for delicious and healthy meals.Start a Sunday stress-relief habit.“To be healthy, we have to take care of body and mind,” says Hudnall. Stress has a major impact on health and our ability to concentrate.________ Four ideas to try: a guided meditation with the help of an app; forest bathing－a practice known as shinrin-yoku in Japan, which basically means taking a long walk or hike in a wooded area; gentle exercise like yoga; or time cuddling and playing with your pet.________Why not prepare your favorite clothes for Monday? Studies show that what you wear can have a significant effect on your mood. So make Monday the day you wear your favorite clothes or show the latestaddition to your wardrobe (衣橱). It's also a good idea to get some nice coffee or music ready, which will give you something to look forward to on your Monday commute.A. Give yourself something to look forward on Monday.B. Even Sunday afternoons turn sour as we think of the workweek ahead.C. Then all you have to do is heat and plate when you come home from work.D. Therefore, starting a Sunday stress-relieving habit can begin a week feeling strong and focused.E. Try creating a relaxing and winding down Sunday night so that you can recharge and get ready for Monday.F. Taking on just a few of these simple lips every Sunday will help you launch a productive, less stressful week.G. Wailing until the last moment to do weekend chores like paying bills or doing laundry can leave you anxious and stressed on Sunday.12.任务型阅读A conversation with a good listener is like a good meal—we walk away feeling satisfied and happy.________Here are 4 ways to make your conversation partner feel like you're fully tuned in to their personal radio station.________Making your conversation partner feel safe starts with two things: an open mind and keeping judgment to yourself. Just as immersing（沉浸）yourself in a novel requires suspension of disbelief, immersing yourself in listening requires suspension of opinions or advice. While judgments may appear into your head, set them to the side.Ask questions to follow your natural curiosity.When you're interested, ask questions.________Ask for examples. Ask for details. Following your natural curiosity by asking questions not only shows you are listening and interested, but almost always produces an interesting story.Listen with your whole body.In many a kindergarten classroom, teachers emphasize something called “whole body listening”. It goes like this: use your eyes to watch nonverbal（非语言）, your brain to think about what is being said, your heart to feel emotions» and keep the rest of your body quiet to show respect. But many of us lose it over time, especially as life gets busy. The result? We often try to multitask while listening.________ Validate（使生效）with simple phrases.Keep in your back pocket some validating words and phrases to show you've heard someone.“Of course.” “That makes sense.” “Naturally.” “Clearly.” “For sure.”________In conversation, combining those li ttle phrases: “Of course you feel that way.” or “That makes total sense.” doesn't necessarily convey agreement, but it does convey something even bigger：acceptance.A. Create safety.B. Devote yourself to listening.C. It's appealing to talk about your own experience.D. We half-listen while getting things done or staring at a screen.E. Think like a journalist and ask what, when, where, why or how.F. But being a good listener goes way beyond just not interrupting or nodding your head.G. All of these statements confirm a person's experience or feelings as worthy and accepted.13.任务型阅读How to Feel Beautiful to the InsidePublic opinion may have some say in who is considered “beautiful” on the outside, but inner beauty takes on a whole other meaning. ________ Learn what beauty means to you and have the confidence to live by your own rules starting today.Ask yourself what beauty means to you. How do you define(定义)inner beauty? Is it a person who is always smiling? Someone who has kind words for everyone he meets? Or, is your definition of beauty more complex? ________ Take a pen and a notebook and write down some words that help you describe inner beauty.Have confidence in who you are. In addition to stressing your character strengths, you can apply other ways to feel more confident________ This can be anything from making music to playing sports. Doing things you are good at builds self-respect.Smile and laugh more. ________, just arranging your face into a smiling expression can thoroughly change your mood. Smiles can lead to a more positive mood and a more hopeful attitude. It can not only make you feel beautiful inside, but also improve your outer beauty.________ A reliable method of developing your own inner beauty is adopting the habit of seeing the beauty in everything. All around you, there are amazing people, places and things. Make an effort to slow down and acknowledge these daily.A. Notice the beauty around you.B. When you want to get feelings of confidence.C. Even if you don't quite feel up to it at the moment.D. Besides, you should try to laugh as much as possible.E. Take a moment to reflect on what beauty means to you.F. It has more to do with your character than your appearance.G. Frequently take party in activities in which you perform well.14.任务型阅读What is stereotype? It is commonly known as a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people, consisting of gender, age, occupation, etc.Gender stereotype refers to a judgment about someone according to their sex instead of believing in their ability. Men have been thought to be a leader, strong, aggressive and brave. ________ Age stereotype is that someone judges other people's behavior and appearance because of the age. Children are often described innocent, naughty. Then, young people are usually stereotyped impatient, rebellious and indulge in comfort. Adults are related to responsibility. ________ Because the old people are stereotyped weak and sick, not moving flexibly, which means to be a big trouble.________ A concept can easily be formed that star is a descent and charming job with a lot of fun and more opportunities to contact fashion and celebrity, to dress up, and to taste delicious food in high-class restaurants. But not all stars can have these wonderful experiences. ________ They have to work on the other business to earn money under the pressure of life.Some view stereotype a good way to enable them to response to different things, judging if they are good or bad, as well as adapt into a new environment. However, some stereotypes are not quite consistent with the reality. ________Society is developing every day, if we are always looking at it with stereotype, we will lose another side of it. Therefore, it is a good choice for us to deal with issues in wider perspective.A. Women can also take charge of the nation and run their business.B. There are more stereotypes about stars than other occupations.C. Occupation stereotype also occurs in our minds.D. So most people consider it easy to produce prejudice or misunderstandings.E. Some stars' salary is lower than common white-collar workers.F. But women are thought to be attached, weak, compromised and soft.G. Nowadays, many adults are not willing to attend to their parents.15.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019北京高考语文必读篇目汇总,附:文学名著备考技巧作为最能展示学生文学素养的科目，语文一直是高考中最先考试的科目，也是北京考生备考的重点。

在北京卷的高考语文中，哪些篇目是高考必考的呢？下面高考君就为你盘点一下北京市高考语文中的必读篇目。

近期，北京市教委发布《北京市中小学语文学科教学改进意见》，指出中、高考语文试卷中增大古诗文、现代文阅读量，增加优秀传统文化内容考查，适当增加主观题的比例，设置“可选择性”作文命题。

同时，教育部发布的2019年高考改革的大纲中，也要求语文学科注重增加学生的阅读量、全方位考查学生的古代文化常识,考查学生对于文学、实用类文本信息的获取能力。

由此可见，增加语文阅读量是必然趋势。

高考君提醒各位考生在牢记课本内容的同时，也可以适当增加一些课外阅读。

下面是北京高考语文中的一些必读篇目，希望北京考生认真阅读并牢记。

北京市高考语文古诗文背诵篇目（一）古文（ 23 篇）1. 子路、曾暂、冉有、公西华侍坐《论语》2. 生于忧患，死于安乐（“故天将降大任而死于安乐也”）《孟子》1 / 63. 劝学4.曹刿论战5. 烛之武退秦师（“夜缝而出乃还”）6. 邹忌讽齐王纳谏7. 逍遥游（“北冥有鱼之二虫又何知”）8. 鸿门宴（“楚左尹项伯者庄不得击”）9. 出师表10. 陈情表（“伏惟圣朝不能废远”）11. 桃花源记12. 归去来兮辞（不包括“序”）13. 兰亭集序（“永和九年岂不痛哉”）14. 滕王阁序（“豫章故郡声断衡阳之浦”）15. 师说（“睦乎其可怪也驮”）16. 陋室铭17. 小石潭记柳宗元18. 阿房宫赋（“一人之心亦使后人而复哀后人也”）杜牧19. 岳阳楼记范仲淹20. 醉翁亭记欧阳修21. 前赤壁赋（“圭戌之秋托遗响于悲风”）苏轼22. 游褒禅山记（“于是余有叹焉此余之所得也”）王安石23. 爱莲说周敦颐2 / 6（二）诗词曲（ 22 首）1. 氓2. 国殇3. 归园田居（其一）4. 虞美人（春花秋月何时了）5. 送杜少府之任蜀州6. 梦游天姥吟留别7. 闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄8. 春夜喜雨9. 蜀相10.登高11.琵琶行（不包括“序”）12.泊秦淮13.苏幕遮（碧云天）14.念奴娇?赤壁怀古15.定风波（莫昕穿林打叶声）16.声声慢（寻寻觅觅）17.书愤18.钗头凤（红酥于）19.永遇乐?京口北固亭怀古20.菩萨蛮（郁孤台下清江水）3 / 621.窦娥冤（［滚绣球］）22.沁园春?长沙说明：文言文凡未注起记的，即要求全文背诵。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文（全国3卷）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

传统表演艺术是我国非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分，同时也是一-座蘊藏丰富、有待进一步开发利用的民族民间艺术资源宝库。

经过十几年的努力，一些传统表演艺术项目已走出困境，呈现出新的生机与活力，但仍有一些项目面临着不容忽视的新问题。

传统表演艺术与普通民众生活息息相关，其表演通赏具有群体性特征：无论侗族大歌还是壮族山歌，人人都可展示歌喉；无论汉族的秧歌，还是藏民的锅庄，民众欢乐起舞的场面都蔚为大观。

对这类非物质文化遗产的保护就要坚持其生活性、群体性，而不应仅局限在艺术团体或演出以等小范围内。

广大民众为庆贸丰收、祭祖敬神、禳灾祈福而载歌载舞的即兴表演，寄托着他们深沉的精神追求和丰富情感。

使传统表演艺术“雅化”，国然能彭显各类民族民间艺术的特色，但也弱化了传统表演艺术的民俗文化内涵。

当然，各类民间表演艺术经过充分提炼和艺术升华，进而搬上舞台，其成功之作会对此类非物质文化遗产的传播起到促进作用。

如春晚舞台上，藏族舞蹈《飞弦踏春》、蒙古族舞路《吉祥项》等都曾大放异彩。

然而，在对民间表演艺术进行再创作的过程中，有些实施者没有坚持本真性的原则，并一些传统艺术改编得面目。

比如，有些人在改造民乐时套用西方音乐端排方式，被改骗的作品便失了自身的魂魄。

因此，对民族民同传统艺术进行“二度创作”，应既不失其本真的艺术特性，适应民众新的审美需求。

要做到这一点就需要编导们深法民同地融入现代元素，行实地调研、采风，挖掘出民间艺术的基本元素与本质精神。

2019届高考语文一轮复习第1周专项限时练1 实用类、论述类文本阅读(一)阅读下面的文字，完成文后题目。

(10分)①这是一个自拍——还有自拍杆的时代。

不要误解我：自拍真是件令人欲罢不能的事儿，而且在两年前的毕业典礼演讲上，我还特意鼓励毕业生们多给我们发送一些自拍照，让我们知道他们毕业后过得怎么样。

但是仔细想想，如果每个人都过着整天自拍的生活，这会是怎样一个社会呢？对于我来说，那也许是“利己主义”最真实的写照了。

②韦氏词典里，“利己主义”的同义词包括“以自我为中心”“自恋”和“自私”。

我们无休止地关注我们自己、我们的形象、我们得到的“赞”，就像我们不停地用一串串的成就来美化我们的简历，去申请大学、申请研究生院、申请工作——借用Shepard的话来说，就是不停进行地“自我放大”。

③正如一位社会评论家所观察到的那样，我们都在不停地为打造自己的品牌而努力。

我们花很多时间盯着屏幕看，却忽视了身边的人。

我们生活中的很大一部分经历不是被我们体验到的，而是被保存、分享并流传于Snapchat和Instagram等APP上的——最终它们呈现出的是一种由我们所有人合成的自拍照。

④当然，适度的利己是我们的本性。

正如我们哈佛大学的生物学家E.O.Wilson教授最近写的：“我们是一个充满无尽好奇心的物种——只要对象是我们自己以及我们自己知道或想知道的人们。

”但是我想强调的是，这种自我迷恋会有两个令人不安的后果：⑤首先，它削弱了我们对于他人的责任感——一种服务他人的意识。

这种意识正是Thomas Shepard所描述的哈佛大学的使命：让毕业生们不断成长，超越自我。

这种成长并不仅仅是为了每个人自身的利益，更是为了他人和整个世界——这也是这所大学一直以来努力为之奋斗的使命。

⑥我们的学生和教授已经通过服务周围的社区以及整个世界，身体力行地践行这种使命。

从为哈佛所在Allston小镇的中小学生进行课外辅导，到去利比亚参与缓解埃博拉病毒危机的工作，哈佛人改变着无数人的生活。

2019-2020年高考英语（四月）阅读、信息匹配选练（2）【由北京市丰台区xx高考模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A Mountain of Green BeansAnother envelope in the mail. There’s my name, Alexander Spencer, typed on the front. I throw it under the bed. The piles of envelopes are growing.The envelopes were applications to all the colleges I was supposed to attend. I did open the first envelope. Then I saw the application, all those blank spaces I was supposed to fill with my own writing, spaces for my name and birth date and grade average and … statement of purpose. I looked at them for a long time. I could write for hours and not fill all those spaces. So I put the application back in the envelope. I would fill it out the next day, when I had time. But another envelope arrived. And then the pile began.The pile scares me — it is really like a monster. All the while, I feel the weight of a million envelopes raining down on my head until my grandmother calls me and wants to know how I am.“I am overe by too many tasks,” I say.“Honey, you just take it bit by bit,” she says, and she reminds me about the green beans.When I was a little kid I hated green beans. But my mom said I couldn’t leave the table until I ate ten green beans. All alone at the table, I stared at the green beans for what seemed like hours. It was a mountain of green beans. I couldn’t do it.My grandma came to me and asked if I could eat one green bean.“But Grandma, I have to eat ten!”She said all I had to do was to eat one green bean. One tiny little green bean. So I ate one. It was bad, but not as bad as I’d thought it would be. Then she asked me again if I could eat one. So I ate one green bean nine more times.My grandma doesn’t know about the envelopes, but she tells me anyone can do one thing every day. Back in my room, I lay down on the bed. Just like I used to do when I was a little kid, I hang my head down to look at the pile of envelopes. There it is. But instead of a monster, I see a pile of green beans. Who’s afraid of green beans?1. Envelopes are piling up because the author _______.doesn’t know how to replyfeels bored of the paper workdoesn’t want to attend collegehas been too busy to open them2. What does the author learn from the story of the green beans?A. A good start is half done.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. A long journey begins with a single step.D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.3. What do you think the author will do next?A. He will fill out the applications one after another.B. He will go to the college that he dreams of.C. He will throw away all the envelopes.D. He will eat up the green beans.【参考答案】1—3、B C A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·吉林长春外国语学校期中)ThisyearRio，ahostoftheOlympics2016，isintheinternationalspotlight.★Phelpsputsspotlightoncupping(拔火罐)OlympicgoldmedalistMichaelPhelpsledAmericanswimmerstoagoldmedalinthe4×100-meterrelay ，butwhatgrabbedmediaattentionandledtostoriesandphotosaroundtheglobewerethepurpleandredcircleso nhisback.MichaelPhelpsoftheUSAisseenwithredcuppingmarksonhisshoulderashecompetesduringthe2016Ri oOlympicsmen’s200mbutterflyinRiodeJaneiro，Brazil，Aug8,2016.★FacialexpressionsofChineseswimmerFuYuanhuigoesviralChina’swomen’sswimmerFuYuanhuihascreatedasensationonlinenotjustbywinningthebronzeme dalinthe100mbackstrokecompetition，butalsobyherfacialexpressionsduringthepost-semifinalinterview withChinaCentralTelevision (CCTV) onMonday.Whenaskedwhethersheheldbackforthefinal，Fureplied，“No，Iutilizedmy‘prehistorical’pow er.”Whatshemeantwasthatshehadsparednoeffortsinthesemifinal.Sincethen，theso-called“prehistoricalpower”hasgoneviralandbecomeanewInternetmeme.★BritainwinsfirstOlympicdivinggoldinmen’ssynchronized3mspringboardBritain’sJackLaugherandChrisMearsendedChina’sgoldmedalmonopoly(垄断) overdivingeventsattheRioOlympicsbywinningthemen’ssynchronized3mspringboardfinalonWednesda y，thecountry’sfirst-everOlympicgoldmedalindiving.LaugherandMearsfinishedwithasix-roundtotalof454.32points，just4.11pointsaheadofsilvermedalis tsMikeHixonandSamDormanoftheUSAattheMariaLenkAquaticsCenter.China’sCaoYuanandQinKaitookthebronzewith443.70points. 1．WhatattractedmediaattentionwithPhelps’winningthegoldmedal?A．Hisgreatleadership.B．Hisscarsonhisback.C．Thecuppingmarksonhisback.D．Hisachievementshemadeinthemen’s200mbutterfly. 2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhyFuYuanhuibecamethespotlight?A．Herdevotionanddeterminationtoswimming.B．Herachievementinthe100mbackstrokecompetition.C．Herfacialexpressionsduringthepost-semifinalinterview. D．Herhumourousreplytothereporter—socalled“prehistoricalpower”．3．Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdnews?A．Chinadidn’twinanygoldmedalsindivingeventsattheRioOlympics. B．BritainbecamethegoldmedalmonopolistofdivingeventsattheRioOlympics.C．MikeHixonandSamDormanoftheUSAtooksilverwith447.81points.D．BritainhadneverwontheOlympicdivinggoldmedalbeforetheRioOlympics.4．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Ahistorytextbook.B．Anewsreport.C．Adetectivenovel.D．Atravelbrochure.B(2018·福建闽侯第六中学月考)Manyofusmistakenlybelievethatit’swrongtothinkwehaveanygoodqualities.Wemayspendalotoftim eblamingourselvesforournegativequalities，thinkingthatself-criticismisthekeytoimprovingourperforma nce.However，aconstantfocusonoursupposedshortcomingscanstopoureffortstomakefriendswithotherpe ople.Howcanwebelievethatotherscouldlikeusifwebelieveourinnerbeingisflawed(有缺陷的)?Ifsomeoneseemstodislikeyou，thereasonforthatdislikemighthavelittleornothingtodowithyou.Thepe rsonwhodoesn’tlikeyoumightbefearful，orshallow，orbusyorshy.Perhapsyouandthatpersonaresimplyamismatchforeachotheratthisparticulartime.Don’ttakeyourselfoutofthegamebydecidingthatyourflawsarebiggerthanyourgoodqualities.Infact ，someoftheveryqualitiesyouconsidertobeflawsmaybeirresistibletosomeoneelse.Forallthefactorsthatmig htcauseonepersontorejectyou，thereareatleastasmanyfactorsthatwillworkinyourfavorwithsomeoneelse.Youmightbethirtypoundsoveryouridealweight，butyoumayhaveawonderfullaughandarealenthusia smforlife.Therearemanypeoplewhodon’tmindyourextrapounds.Youmaydriveashabbycar，butyoumig htbeagreatdancerandaloyalfriend.Therearepeopleouttherelookingforloyalty，orfun，orsweetness，orw isdom，andthepackageitcomesinisnotimportant.Ifyouareworriedthatyouarenotbeautifulenoughtoattractf riends，keepinmindthatnoteveryoneislookingforphysicalbeautyintheirfriends.Youcandecidetofeelinferi or(自卑)becauseyoudon’thavemuchmoneyandyoudon’tdriveanicecar.Youcanbelievethatthisisthereasonthaty oudon’thavemanyfriendsinyourlife.Ontheotherhand，ifyouareverywealthyyoumaybesuspiciousthatev eryoneisafteryourmoneyandthatnobodyreallylikesyouasaperson.Thepointisthatyoucanfocusonjustaboutanythingandbelieveit’sthereasonyoudonothavefriendsandc annotmakeany.5．Accordingtotheauthorplaysanimportantroleinmakingfriends.A．admittingyourshortcomingsB．self-criticismC．modestyD．confidence6．Ifyouarenotlikedbyaperson，.A．youshouldfindthereasoninyourselfB．you’dbettertalkwiththepersonfacetofaceC．youmaynotbetheonetobeblamedD．youandthatpersonmisunderstandeachother7．Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthat.A．yourgoodqualitiesmayturnouttobeyourflawsB．yourweaknessmayalsobeyourstrengthsinsomewayC．yournegativequalitiescauseapersontorejectyouD．you’llhavefewfriendsifyourflawsarebiggerthanyourgoodqualities 8．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A．Itisimportanttoloseweight.B．Itiseasierforawealthypersontomakefriends.C．Innerqualitiesaremoreimportantthanphysicalappearance.D．Ifyouarenotbeautifulenough，trytoimproveyourphysicalbeauty.Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·甘肃天水三中段考)Fromthatdayon，wheneight-year-oldJackwithgrayeyesbeganridingmyschoolbus，hewasatrouble maker.Hisfatherpassedawayandhedidnotlivewithhismother.Ifafight9，itmusthaveJack.Ifagirlwascrying ，10werethatJackhadpulledherhair.Ipracticedeverybitof11，talkingtohimagainandagain，butnouse.No matterhowIspoketohim，12orstrictly，hewouldstareatmewiththosebiggrayeyes13aword.Towardstheendoftheyear，Ireceivedmanysmallgiftsfromkidsonmybus.Alittlegirlsentmeastarkeych ain.Shehadwritten，“IlovePollyandPollylovesme.”OnthelastdayofschoolIwas14becauseoftalkingtoth eheadmaster.WhenIgotonthebusI15thatthestarkeychainwasgone.“Jackwasthefirstonetogetonthebus.Ch eckhis16，”insistedthegirlwhohadgivenmethegift.Iaskedhimtocomeforward.I17myhandintoonepocket.ThenIfeltit—the18shapeofthekeychain.Jackst aredatmeforalongtime.Therewasno19inthosebiggrayeyes，andnoplea(请求)for20.Heseemedtobewaitingforwhatwouldhappen.Iwasaboutto21thekeychainoutofJack’spocketwhenI 22myself.“Lethimkeepit，”a23seemedtowhisper.“ItmusthavefallenoffbeforeIgothere，”Isaidtoth ekids.Manyyearslater，Iwasinadepartmentstore24someonesaid，“Polly？”Iturnedtoseethebiggrayey es.Tomy25，hehuggedmeandpulled26fromhispocket—thekeychainthat27，“IlovePollyandPollyloves me.”“Youweretheonlyonewhokept28，”heexplained.Wehuggedagain...9．A.builtupB．gaveup C．brokeoutD．pickedout 10．A.challengesB．changes C．choicesD．chances11．A.interestB．respect C．patienceD．hope12．A.slowlyB．gently C．coldlyD．rudely13．A.withoutB．through C．afterD．upon14．A.observedB．delayed C．complainedD．punished 15．A.wonderedB．doubted C．admittedD．realized16．A.seatB．hands C．pocketsD．schoolbag 17．A.expandedB．raised C．hidD．reached18．A.charmingB．original C．familiarD．normal19．A.prideB．regret C．pleasureD．anger20．A.encouragementB．admission C．mercyD．escape21．A.pickB．slideC．ridD．pull22．A.stoppedB．enjoyedC．helpedD．prepared23．A.soundB．voiceC．toneD．noise24．A.untilB．whenC．beforeD．while25．A.delightB．fearC．surpriseD．amusement26．A.somethingB．anythingC．nothingD．everything27．A.wroteB．repeatedC．appearedD．said28．A.askingB．persuadingC．tryingD．arguing答案精析Ⅰ.语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了里约奥运会上的一些热点聚焦。

山水游记类文言文阅读游记类文言文阅读祖国山河壮丽，有许多风景优美的地方，今天让我们跟随古人一起进入游记类文言文的阅读，去领略更多的美景吧！阅读步骤第一步：总体阅读，整体把握。

初步阅读时做题必不可少的一步。

在第一遍阅读时要梳理出下面两个重要点：重要点一：初步完成表格何人何时何故何地何景重要点二：梳理作者的“游踪”完成表格游览地点所见景物景物特征作者情感例1：阅读下面的文言文，先按照上面所讲的梳理出两个重要点，完成表格，然后回答问题。

游虞山记第二步：把握关键，深入分析。

通过第一遍的阅读。

我们初步把握了文章的基本脉络，接下来的阅读，我们就要找准文章及问题中的关键点，找到景和情的结合点，重点分析文章中作者评论的部分，这个分析在第一步的基础上，需要深入挖掘出情感及哲理。

即通过阅读，需要完成下面的表格。

何人何时何故何地何景何情何理例2：阅读下面的文言文，回答问题。

醒心亭记曾巩滁州之西南，泉水之涯，欧阳公作州之二年，构亭曰：“丰乐”，自为记以见其名之意。

既又直丰乐之东几百步，得山之高，构亭曰“醒心”，使巩记之。

凡公与州之宾客者游焉，则必即丰乐以饮。

或醉且劳矣，则必即醒心而望。

以见夫群山之相环，云烟之相滋，旷野之无穷，草树众而泉石嘉，使目新乎其所睹，耳新乎其所闻。

则其心洒然而醒，更欲久而忘归也。

故即其所以然而为名，取韩子退之《北湖》之诗云。

噫！其可谓善取乐于山泉之间，而名之以见其实，又善者矣。

虽然，公之乐，吾能言之。

吾君优游而无为于上，吾民给足而无憾于下，天下之学者，皆为材且良，夷狄、鸟兽、草木之生者，皆得其宜，公乐也。

一山之隅，一泉之旁，岂公乐哉？乃公所以寄意于此也。

若公之贤，韩子殁数百年，而始有之。

今同游之宾客，尚未知公之难遇也。

后百千年，有慕公之为人，而览公之迹，思欲见之，有不可及之叹，然后知公之难遇也。

则凡同游于此者，其可不喜且幸欤？而巩也，又得以文词托名于公文之次，其又不喜且幸欤？庆历七年八月十五日记。

2019年高考文学类作品《风把人刮歪》阅读练习及答案高考生在备考复习语文的过程中要重视文学类阅读，要想积累答题经验必须在课下多做阅读练习题，下面教育为大家带来2019年高考文学类作品《风把人刮歪》阅读练习及答案，希望大家能够认真练习。

作品【风把人刮歪】刘亮程(1)刮了一夜大风。

我在半夜被风喊醒。

风在草棚和麦垛上发出恐怖的怪叫，像女人不舒畅的哭喊。

这些突兀地出现在荒野中的草棚麦垛，绊住了风的腿，扯住了风的衣裳，缠住了风的头发，让它追不上前面的风。

她撕扯，哭喊。

喊得满天地都是风声。

(2)我把头伸出草棚，黑暗中隐约有几件东西在地上滚动，滚得极快，一晃就不见了。

是风把麦捆刮走了。

我不清楚刮走了多少，也只能看着它刮走。

我比一捆麦子大不了多少，一出去可能就找不见自己了。

风朝着村子那边刮。

如果风不在中途拐弯，一捆一捆的麦子会在风中跑回村子。

明早村人醒来，看见一捆捆麦子躲在墙根，像回来的家畜一样。

(3)每年都有几场大风经过村庄。

风把人刮歪，又把歪长的树刮直。

风从不同方向来，人和草木，往哪边斜不由自主。

能做到的只是在每一场风后，把自己扶直。

一棵树在各种各样的风中变得扭曲，古里古怪。

你几乎可以看出它沦桑躯干上的哪个弯是南风吹的，哪个拐是北风刮的。

但它最终高大粗壮地立在土地上，无论南风北风都无力动摇它。

(4)我们村边就有几棵这样的大树，村里也有几个这样的人。

我太年轻，根扎得不深，躯干也不结实。

担心自己会被一场大风刮跑，像一棵草一片树叶，随风千里，飘落到一个陌生地方。

也不管你喜不喜欢，愿不愿意，风把你一扔就不见了。

你没地方去找风的麻烦，刮风的时候满世界都是风，风一停就只剩下空气。

天空若无其事，大地也像什么都没发生。

只有你的命运被改变了，莫名其妙地落在另一个地方。

你只好等另一场相反的风把自己刮回去。

可能一等多年，再没有一场能刮起你的大风。

你在等待飞翔的时间里不情愿地长大，变得沉重无比。

(5)去年，我在一场东风中，看见很久以前从我们家榆树上刮走的一片树叶，又从远处刮回来。

2019高考英语备考专项练习（3）阅读理解（5）及解析第***套阅读理解(共两节，总分值40分)第一节(共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分)阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最正确选项。

ALongago,nearthevillageofHedley,therelivedastrangeandplayfultrickster(骗子),knownastheHedleyKow.Sometimesitlookedlikeanordinaryobject.Sometimesitlooked likeadonkeyoragoat.Oneevening,asanoldwomanwentalongthepath,shesawanoldironpotlyingintheditch.“Fancythat，”shesaid.“Nobodyseemstowantthisoldpot.Iwilltakeithomeandplantprettyflowersinit.”Whenshetriedtoliftit,shesawthatitwasfullofgoldpieces.“Well,now,ifthatdoesn'tbeatall，”shesaid.“I'mrich!Icanbuyafinehouseandfancyclothes.”Thepotwasheavy,soshetiedhershawlarounditandbegantodragithome.Afterawhile,sh estoppedtorest.Whenshelookedinthepot,shewasamazedtoseethatitwasfullofsilverpiec es!“Oh,myGod！”shesaid.“Aren'tItheluckyone!Ifitweregold,thieveswouldhavebeenafterme.Myfriendsmighthav ebeenjealous.ButIcanhidethesesilverpieces,takeoutafewatatime,andlivelikeaqueen.”Onshewent,pullingthepotafterher.Shewasnearinghomenow.Athergate,shelookedint othepot.Whatasurprise!Thesilverhadchangedintoalump(块)ofiron.“Iron，”shesaid.“Well,now!Noonewillbejealousorwanttostealthisfromme.Icanusethisirontopropmydoo ropenandletinfreshairandsunlight.Luckyme！”Assoonasshesaidthat,thepotbegantogrowandlateritbecameagoat.Thenitjumpedupan dranoffdowntheroadlaughing.“Fancythat！”saidtheoldwoman.“IbelieveIhaveseentheHedleyKow!Notmanyfolkscansaythat,andthat'safact.I'lljusts itupbymyfiretonightthinkingabouthowluckyIwastoseeitformyself.Itrulymustbetheluc kiestpersonintheworld！”56.Whichofthefollowingsayingscanbestdescribethisstory?A.Allgoodthingscometoanend.B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C.Contentisbetterthanriches.D.Allbadluckgoesaway.57.Whatdoes“theHedleyKow”standforintheeyesoftheoldwoman?A.Glory.B.Honor.C.Misfortune.D.Luck.58.Fromthispassagewecanknowtheoldwomanis______.A.optimisticB.pessimisticC.strangeD.mindless【答案与解析】56、C。

2019高考英语二轮阅读理解金题编（四）及解析Section AA(2018四川成都龙泉中学高三二诊,C)The North and South Poles are remote and freezing places that receive lots of animal visitors but few human tourists.But 2007 marked the beginning of the International Polar Year (IPY), a two-year-old activity of science projects that aim to show how important the poles are to the health of our planet. During the IPY, which lasted until March 2009, thousands of researchers from more than 60 countries conducted more than 200 projects and expeditions to both the top and bottom of the world.In recent years, the polar regions have begun to change severely as a result of global warming. Temperatures there are rising faster than anywhere else on the Earth. As a result, the ice and snow in these regions are melting at record-setting rates. One result is that sea levels are rising around the world, putting animals and people at risk.“Only by studying the poles,”say IPY researchers, “can we find ways to protect them and ourselves.”Both the Arctic and the Antarctic are cold and remote, but the two regions have important differences. For one thing, the Arctic is an ice-covered ocean surrounded by land. The Antarctic, on the other hand, is a continent of ice-covered land surrounded by water.Most polar studies have focused on the Arctic, and that is where scientists have observed the most remarkable changes in the ice. During a typical year, the Arctic ice expands in the winter and shrinks in the summer. But recently, the amount of ice covering the ocean has been steadily dropping in both seasons.1.The goal of the International Polar Year is.A.to make it clear that the poles have much to do with a healthy earthB.to provide practical theory to further develop this distant areaC.to call on as many scientists as possible to do research on the polesD.to discover more mysteries unknown to man2.What is the main factor that has caused the changes of the poles?A.The increasing number of animals.B.The development of the poles.C.The melting of the poles.D.The rising temperature.3.What unusual phenomenon worries the scientists?A.In summer the ice of the Arctic loses faster.B.The ice covering the Arctic decreases even in winter.C.The ice of the Arctic increases less than in the past.D.The changes in the Arctic are more serious.B(2017山东烟台一模)In an effort to discourage people from using plastics,scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products.From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具)made from rice and wheat,a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go,or having a relaxing picnic in the park.The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的)water bottles has been around for a few years.Recently,Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled.As soon as these bottles are empty, they will begin to break down,though they would be perfectly safe to eat.Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future.Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.After the success of his spoons.Mr Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu.His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste,which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world.It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down,and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment,this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy.Even better is the fact that similar eatablecutlery can be made at home,possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends.Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?4.Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?A.To make people’s life more convenient.B.To reduce the amount of plastic waste.C.To change the way we picnic outside.D.To show off their inventive talents.5.What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco-friendly?A.They can be made at home.B.They are cheap to produce and buy.C.They will hold their shape when they are filled.D.They will break down themselves when empty.6.What do Ari’s and Narayana’s inventions have in common?A.They are convenient to carry.B.They are safe to eat.C.They can be used for a short time.D.They are heavier than plastics.7.What can be inferred from this passage?A.Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.B.Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.C.No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.D.It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.Section BA(2018甘肃西北师大附中三诊,C)A new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the rising demand for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotic-resistant(对抗生素有抗药性的) infections. Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.Experts say when people stop living in poverty, the first thing they want to do is eat better. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and dairy products as they did 50 years ago.To meet that demand, farms have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. It’s clear that antibiotics help the animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year and at least 23,000 die from an infection.Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.1.What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?A.The need for eating diversely.B.The limited farm technology.C.The less effective antibiotics.D.The development of the economy.2.What does getting rid of poverty mean for most people?A.Making a lot of money.B.Having more meat to eat.C.Living in a better environment.D.Focusing more on health.3.From the passage, we can infer that using too many antibiotics in farmanimals .A.causes animals to get infected more easilyB.will lead to the failure of all the antibioticsC.makes antibiotic-resistant bacteria spread to peopleD.has a negative effect on the growth of animals4.What’s the passage mainly about?A.A new way of raising farm animals.B.The abuse of antibiotics in farm animals.C.The disadvantages of using antibiotics.D.The reason for banning the use of antibiotics.B(2017山东莱芜二模)If you’re encouraged by the tiny house movement and think 160 square feet is just enough for your needs, you may want to contact the Academy of Construction and Design (ACAD) at IDEA Public Charter School in northeast Washington.Students in the program built a micro house with a kitchen, a bathroom, a sleeping loft with space for a queen-size bed and a storage loft, all set on a trailer for mobility. The exterior of the house was part of a continuous living exhibit in 2015 and was moved to the IDEA campus so students could work with builders to complete the interior earlier this year.McMahon said the D.C. government’s approval to push companies to hire District residents was at odds with the school system not preparing students for careers in construction, exploring or electrical work. McMahon gathered industry and community leaders to establish ACAD in 2005 and he said 100 percent of the companies he contacted responded positively to the idea, including major firms such as JBG, Clark Construction, Hines Construction and Boston Properties.“When students make the connection between what they are learning and a potential career,their academics improve dramatically,”said Carol Randolph, chief operating officer of the D.C.Students Construction Trades Foundation. “Some of them who didn’t think college was an option now have a better chance because theirclasses have become relevant to a job.”“We teach them life skills and explain that even if you start as a laborer, there are opportunities to move up quickly,”he said. “We rewrite the story for them and explain that they can work for a few years,make good money,get promoted,and start their own business or go to school with less debts.”“Parents and school advisors can be the biggest obstacles because of the negative idea of construction as a blue-collar career,”Karriem said. “I get middle-school advisors on board to talk about the opportunities this education provides. These kids are learning lifelong skills that can help them in other fields, provide them with income and allow them to take care of their homes.”5.What is the purpose of the program of building a micro house?A.To satisfy different needs of people.B.To help acquire lifelong skills from the college.C.To make the college more attractive.D.To offer more job opportunities in colleges.6.What does the underlined part “at odds with”mean in the third paragraph?A.Inconsistent with.B.Familiar to.C.Harmonious with.D.Similar to.7.What can we infer from the words of Karriem?A.Students tend to choose the blue-collar career.B.Parents and school advisors are wrong.C.It’s hard to make the program popular.D.Life skills help improve scores greatly.8.Which of the following may be the title of the passage?A.A Micro House Program for StudentsB.Build a Micro House for Campus Students SoonC.Why Not Build More Tiny HousesD.Develop Lifelong Skills of StudentsSection C(2018河南高三4月毕业班高考适应性考试,D)When it comes to mental illness, many people often find it tough to get the help they need. This is especially true for young students to make the transition(过渡) to college life.“Sometimes, students don’t realize how hard it is to adjust to college,”said Laura Smith, associate dean of students at the University of Texas at Dallas. “You’re not the big fish in your classes anymore; you have all kinds of personal stress; you’re away from home. Dealing with these things is not easy.”Students who are going through these problems sometimes want to reach out. But if students don’t feel comfortable seeking help, many feel that it’s the responsibility of their university to help them.“I really wish that there was more importance placed on how counseling(咨询) centers help students,”said Comnie Trinh. “Counseling services are just as important as academics and sports.”Trinh, 27, graduated from Texas Woman’s University in 2015.During college, she hosted various workshops on how to handle mental health condition. Trinh used her own story to connect with students who might be facing similar problems. High academic pressures, cultural differences as an Asian American and stressful social situations stood out as some of the most common causes of Trinh’s anxiety.It was only after years of personal problems that she could admit that reaching out isn’t a sign of weakness.“If you feel you can’t connect with other people around you, you should address the issue without shame,”Trinh said. “You’ll find that there are a lot of people out there who sincerely want to help you.”1.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon.A.college lifeB.counseling servicesC.mental healthD.cultural differences2.What’s Trinh’s preferred solution to the problems mentioned?A.Making self-criticism.B.Handing the problems actively.C.Solving the problems on her own.D.Finding the causes of the problems.3.What does the underlined phrase “connect with”in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Get along with.B.Join together with.C.Be related to.D.Get through to.4.What can we learn from the text?A.Counseling services help do research.B.Adjusting to college life is a piece of cake.C.Hosting workshops improves students’ ability.D.Being brave to get help is not a sign of weakness.Section D(2018广东佛山高三教学质检二, D)Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft”skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.Once a program called Fast Track was started in the early 1990s for more than 7,600 children of 55 schools in America. They were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk of developing aggressive behavioral problems. The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through 10th grade, reduced delinquency(少年犯罪), arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood.In another latest study, by looking at the data from nearly 900 students in previous findings, researchers found that about a third of the influence on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional(情绪的) intelligence. Soft skills might include teaching kids to work cooperatively in a group or teaching them how to think about the long-term consequences when they make a decision.Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children as should education policymakers. To the extent we can improve those skills, we can improve outcomes in delinquency.1.Fast Track was intended for children who.A.were randomly chosen from their schoolsB.had some problems with academic learningC.often went against their teachers and parents’ wishesD.were considered to have criminal trouble in the future2.What can be learned about “the intervention”in Paragraph 2?A.It included all the students.B.It focused on social skills.C.It improved health services.D.It had positive outcomes.pared with soft skills, hard skills.A.almost have no influence on studentsB.are more affected by students’ emotionC.are mainly related to academic learningD.offer children greater self-control abilities4.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Soft Social Skills MatterB.Fast Track Helps ChildrenC.How to Prevent DelinquencyD.What to Do for EducationSection AA[语篇解读]由于全球变暖,地球两极地区的环境面临着很多危险。

Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·甘肃天水甘谷二中一模)Menarespendingmoreandmoretimeinthekitchenencouragedbycelebrity(名人) chefslikeGordonRamsayandJamieOliver，accordingtoareportfromOxfordUniversity.Theeffectofthecelebrityrolemodels，whohavegivencookingamoremanlypicture，hascombinedwit hamoregeneraldrivetowardssexualequalityandmennowspendmorethantwicetheamountoftimepreparingm ealsthantheydidin1961.AccordingtotheresearchbyProf.JonatahnGershuny，whorunstheCentreforTimeResearchatOxford ，mennowspendmorethanhalfanhouradaycooking，upfromjust12minutesadayin1961.Prof.Gershunysaid，“Themaninthekitchenispartofamuchwidersocialtrend.Therehasbeen40yearso fsexualequality，butthereisanother40yearsprobablytocome.”Women，whoagenerationagospentnearlytwohoursadaycooking，nowspendjustonehourandseven minutes—agreatfall，buttheystillspendfarmoretimeinthekitchenthanmen.Someexpertshavenamedthesemeninapronsas“Gastrosexuals (menusingcookingskillstoimpressfriends)”，whohavebeeninspiredtopickupakitchenknifebythesuccess ofRamsay，OliveraswellasothermalecelebritychefssuchasHughFearnley-Whittingstall，MarcoPierreW hiteandKeithFloyd.“Iwasmarriedin1974.Whenmyfathercametovisitmeafewweekslater，IwaswearinganapronwhenIo penedthedoor.Helaughed，”saidProf.Gershuny.“Thatwouldneverhappennow.”Two-thirdsofadultssaythattheycometogethertoshareatleastthreetimesaweek，evenifitisnotnecessari lyaroundakitchenordiningroomtable.Prof.Gershunypointedoutthatthefamilymealwasnowrarelyeatenbyal lofitsmembersaroundatable—withmany“familymeals”infacttakenonthesofainthesittingroom，andsha redbyfamilymembers.“Thefamilymealhaschangedalot，andfewofuseat—asIdidwhenIwasachild—atle asttwomealsadaytogetherasafamily.Butithassurvivedinadifferentformat.”1．Whatisonereasonbehindthetrendthatmenspendmoretimecookingthanbefore?A．Thedevelopmentofsexualequalitycampaign.B．Theinfluenceofpopularfemalechefs.C．Thechangeoffemale’sviewoncooking.D．Theimprovementofcooks’status. 2．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthetimemenandwomenspendoncooking? A．Menspendmoretimecookingthanwomennowadays.B．Itwilltake40yearsbeforemenspendmoretimeatthestovethanwomen. C．Womenspendmuchlesstimeoncookingthanbefore. D．Thereisasharpdeclineinthetimemenspendoncookingcomparedwith1961.3．HowdidProf.Gershunyseethefamilymealaccordingtothepassage? A．Ithasbecomeathingofthepast.B．Itisverydifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.C．Itshouldn’tbeadvocatedinmoderntimes.D．Itisbeneficialtothestabilityofthefamily.4．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheChangesofFamilyMealsB．EqualityBetweenMenandWomenC．Cooking—aThingofthePastforWomenD．CookingintoaNewTrendforMenB(2018·河北故城高级中学期中)Atheart，parentsalwayswishthebestfortheirchildren，andtheyworkhardforthat.Nowadays，wesee parentsdecidingtheschoolsfortheirlittleonesbeforethebabiesareevenborn.Oncekidsstartgoingtoschool，s omeparentswanttohaveatime-to-timeupdate(最新的情况)oftheirkids’activities.Theywanttocometotheirclassroomeveryday，keepaneyeonwhomtheytalkto，kn owthefriendstheykeep，starttellingthemhowtodotheirjobs，andkeeptalkingtothemabouteverythingunderthesun.Besides，theysendtheirkidstoextrahobbyclasses，astheywanttheirchildrentodobestineveryfield.Whenitcomestotheeducation，supermumanddadhavealltheplansmadefortheirchildren，andIamsur ethattheyhavecomeupwiththebest.So，trytofightforthedreamsthatyourparentshaveseenforyou.However ，insomecases，itmayhappenthatthekidshavesomedifferentdreams.Parentssometimesdon’tevenconsi derthechoicesoftheirkidsandmayforcethemtodowhattheywantedtodoinlife.It’sgoodtoplanthefuturefort hechildren，butleaveatleastsomedecisionstothem.Sowhatshouldthechildrendo？First，hearoutalltheplansthatyourparentshavemadeforyou.Ifyouhav esomedifferentideas，thensitdownandtalktoyourfamilyaboutit.Bepatientandrespecttheirdecisions，but putyourplanforth，andmakethemunderstandwhatyouwanttodoandwhy.Manytimes，youdon’tknowth edifficultiesthatyoumayhavetofacewhilepursuingyourdreams.Askyourparentsforsuggestions，whichwil lmakethemfeelgoodandinvolved.Thatway，theymaysupportyouifyouaregoingontherightpath.5．TheparentsdescribedinParagraph1.A．haveagoodunderstandingoftheirchildrenB．worryalotabouttheirchildrenC．takepartinactivitieswiththeirchildrenD．expecttoomuchfromtheirchildren6．Abouteducationalplans，thewriteradvises.A．childrentodoastheyaretoldB．childrennottolistentotheirparentsC．childrentocommunicatewiththeirparentsD．childrennottofollowtheirparents’suggestions7．Theunderlinedword“pursuing”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“”．A．goingafterB．planningforC．comingtoD．preparingfor8．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsthesesuperparents’behaviors?A．Heisagainstthem.B．Heisdoubtfulofthem.C．Hedoesn’tcareaboutthem.D．Hesupportsthem.Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·山东滨州期中)DuringthemonthIspentstudyinginEnglandlastsummer，onedaystoodout.Iwasonly16andIwaslooseo nthestreetsofLondon.Thefreedomwaswonderful，9forsomeonewhohadlivedinasmalltownallherlife，th ecityrepresentedaworldof10.Thiswasnotmyfirst11toLondon.Ayearearlier，Ihadbeentherewithmymother，tryingto12allthemaj orsightseeingattractionsinmerelythreedays.Thattripwas13butwonderful，butthistimeIwasgratefultobeab letosimplyenjoythe14andculture.MyfriendandIdiscussedwhereweshouldgo，anddecidedtogo15.ThisledustoCoventGarden，homeo fthegiantDocMarten’sstoreandtrendycafes.ThemarketareaisoneofmyfavoriteplacesinLondon.It’sagre atplaceto16：Youcanfindeverythingfromthelatestfashionstosouvenirsthatcan17befoundinEngland.Thes treet18，fromclassicalmusicianstomagicians，werefully19.Manytouristsgatheredto20them.Ididnotling er(逗留) becauseIwas21justtofeeltheactivityinthestreetratherthanbecomea22ofit.Asthesunset，weheadedtotheRiverThames.Theriveritselfis23specialtolookat；the24oftenappears muddy，andnoonewouldliketoswiminit.Buttheviewmakesthevisit25.Fromthere，youcanseeitall：theT owerofLondon，theHousesofParliament，St.Paul’sCathedralandtheTateModernMuseum.AsIstoodonthebridgetakinginmy26，Irealizedwhatanincrediblyrichhistorythecityhad.Overthenext hundredyears，thecitymaychangeasolderbuildingswillprobably27biggerstructures，butcertainelements will28.9．A.althoughB．becauseC．unlessD．while10．A.excitementB．wealthC．developmentD．challenge11．A.accessB．visitC．reactionD．introductionC．coverD．hear13．A.boringB．tiring C．relaxingD．important 14．A.foodB．education C．atmosphereD．economy 15．A.cyclingB．eating C．climbingD．shopping 16．A.restB．explore C．exerciseD．develop 17．A.evenB．nearly C．almostD．only18．A.policeB．judges C．performersD．dealers 19．A.courageousB．appealing C．noisyD．proud20．A.assistB．question C．watchD．protect21．A.satisfiedB．anxious C．unwillingD．puzzled 22．A.guestB．group C．partD．tourist23．A.somethingB．nothing C．everythingD．anythingC．lakeD．sea25．A.practicalB．worthwhileC．awfulD．disappointing26．A.findingsB．feelingsC．surroundingsD．conditions27．A.catchupwithB．makeuseofC．taketheplaceofD．givewayto28．A.appearB．existC．remainD．burst答案精析Ⅰ.语篇解读牛津大学的一篇报道说，男性下厨的时间比以前多了。

专题03 现代小说二十年后[美]欧·亨利瑟瑟的寒风夹杂着雨意，一位巡警在马路上威风凛凛地走着。

他边走边一家家打量，还不时转过头，用警惕的目光向平静的通衢大道两头远望，那甩警棍的动作多姿多彩，再加上体格魁梧，却不带傲气，俨然一个太平天下的卫士形象。

走过一个路段的正中时，警察突然放慢了脚步。

一家幽暗的五金店的门口，有个男子斜靠门站着，嘴里叼了根烟，并没点着。

看到警察走过来，他抢先说话了。

“没事，警官，我在等一个朋友，”他镇定自若地说，“二十年前约好现在相见。

你听了觉得奇怪，是吗？你要是不放心呢，我可以把事情说给你听听。

二十年前，这家店是一家餐馆，叫大乔·布雷迪餐馆。

”“餐馆早五年就没有了。

”警察说。

站在门道里的那个人划着一根火柴点燃雪茄。

火柴光一亮。

只见这人长着个方下巴，脸色发白，目光倒炯炯有神，右边眉毛附近留着个小白伤疤。

领带扣针歪别着，上面镶着颗大钻石。

那人说：“二十年前的今晚，我跟吉米·韦尔斯在这儿的餐厅吃饭。

我们俩都是在纽约长大的，多年来亲如兄弟。

那时我十八，吉米二十。

第二天我要去西部闯荡。

在吉米看来天下似乎只有一个纽约。

那天晚上我们约定，二十年后，都将在此地、此日、此时再次会面。

”“这事倒挺新鲜。

时隔二十年才又见上一面，未免太久了点。

分手以后你知道你朋友的消息？”警察问。

那人答道：“说起来我们也有过一段书信往来，但过了一两年便断了联系。

但我相信，只要吉米还活着，他肯定会来赴约的。

”等朋友的人掏出一块漂亮的表，表盖上镶着小宝石。

“十点还差三分钟，”他说，“我们在这餐馆分手的时间是十点整。

”“你在西部混得不错吧？”警察问。

“你猜对了！吉米要是比得上我一半就好了。

他是个大好人，只是有点死板。

我发财可也不容易，非多长几个心眼不可。

在纽约，人总是墨守成规，人要开窍得到西部去。

”警察甩着警棍，又开步了。

“我得走了！希望你的朋友真能来。

到时候没来你就走吗？”“不会。

”那人说，“我至少多等他半个小时。

第三部分古诗文阅读专题四文言文阅读五年高考北京卷2019—2023真题一、(2023北京,6—10,18分)阅读下面文言文,完成问题。

贵廉汉元帝时,贡禹上书言:“孝文皇帝时,贵廉洁,贱贪污,贾人、赘婿及吏坐赃者,皆禁锢不得为吏。

赏善罚恶,不阿亲戚,罪白者伏其诛,疑者以与民,无赎罪之法。

故令行禁止,海内大化,天下断狱仅四百,与刑措亡异。

“武帝始临天下,尊贤用士,辟地广．境数千里。

自见功大威行,遂从．嗜欲。

用度不足,乃行一切之．变,使犯法者赎罪,入谷者补吏。

是以．天下奢侈,官乱民贫,盗贼并起,亡命者众。

郡国恐伏其诛,则．择便巧史书①、习于计簿、能欺上府者,以为右职;奸宄不胜,则取勇猛能操切．．百姓者、以苛暴威服下者,使居大位。

故亡义而有财者显于世,欺谩而善书者尊于朝,悖逆而勇猛者贵于官。

故俗皆曰:‘何以孝弟为?财多而光荣。

何以礼义为?史书而仕宦。

何以谨慎为?勇猛而临官。

’故黥劓而髡钳者,犹复攘臂为政于世,行虽犬彘,家富势足,目指气使,是为贤耳。

故谓居官而置富者为雄杰,处奸而得利者为壮士。

兄劝其弟,父勉其子,俗之败坏,乃至于是!察其所以然者,皆以犯法得赎罪,求士不得真贤,相守②崇财利而诛不行之所致也。

“今欲兴至治,致太平,宜除赎罪之法。

相守选举不以实及有赃者,辄行其诛,亡但免官,则．争尽力为善,贵孝弟,贱贾人,进真贤,举实廉,而天下治矣。

”呜呼,今日之变,有甚于．此!自神宗③以来,黩．货之风日甚一日。

国维不张,而人心大坏,数十年于．此矣。

《书》曰:“不肩好货,敢恭生生,鞠人谋人之保居,叙钦。

”④必如是而后可以立太平之本。

贡禹又言:“欲令近臣自诸曹侍中以上,家亡得私贩卖,与民争利。

犯者辄免官削爵,不得仕宦。

”此议今亦可行。

自万历以后,天下水利碾硙,场渡市集,无不属之．豪绅,相沿以．为常事矣。

(取材于顾炎武⑤《日知录》)[注] ①便巧史书:这里指善于舞文弄墨。

②相守:诸侯国相、郡守。

③神宗:明朝皇帝,年号万历。

2019年高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(名师精选全国真题+详细解析答案，值得下载打印练习)AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 —but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a half dozen of them.It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it’s a lso that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲4【观点态度推理判断题】[典例](2018·浙江高考阅读C节选)...The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“Theability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?A．Ambiguous.B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful.D．Tolerant.[解析]选C根据选段第一段中的“hopes for the best”和第二段可知，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇，由此可知Friedman对美国未来是充满希望的，故选C。

[干扰项分析]A项意为“模棱两可的”；B项意为“感到怀疑的”；D项意为“容忍的”。

要排除干扰项，先要弄清各干扰项的意思，是表示支持或肯定、中立还是反对或否定，然后再对照文章的内容一一排除。

阅读理解说明文A.【2018年全国卷Ⅰ】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the e nvironment —and our wallets —as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life —from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of ele ctronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.2. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。