立体车库题库
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立体车库开题报告1. 引言立体车库是一种创新的停车场设计,它通过利用垂直空间来提供更多的停车位。
随着城市人口的不断增加,现有的地面停车位已经无法满足需求。
传统的平面停车场往往占地面积大,使用不方便,而立体车库则可以在有限空间内提供更多的车位,并且停车更加方便。
本文旨在讨论立体车库的设计原理和实施方案,以及其对城市交通拥堵问题的解决办法。
2. 立体车库设计原理立体车库的设计原理主要涉及到以下几个方面:2.1 垂直堆栈式停车立体车库采用垂直堆栈式停车的方式,通过将车辆垂直堆叠在一起,从而节省了水平空间。
每个停车位由一个汽车升降机或者电梯提供服务,车辆在进入停车库后被升起到合适的位置停放。
2.2 自动化系统控制立体车库的运行需要一个自动化系统来控制升降机或者电梯的运行,以及停车位的分配。
该系统需要实时监测每个停车位的使用情况,并且能够自动调配空闲停车位给新来的车辆。
2.3 安全性和可靠性立体车库的设计需要考虑到安全性和可靠性。
首先,升降机或电梯必须符合相关的安全规范,保证车辆在堆栈过程中不会出现意外情况。
其次,自动化系统需要设计成可靠的,以确保车辆在进入和离开车库时不会出现故障。
3. 立体车库实施方案3.1 建筑结构立体车库的建筑结构需要符合一定的规范,以确保车库的稳定性和安全性。
首先,建筑结构应具备足够的承重能力,能够承受堆栈的汽车重量。
其次,建筑结构需要考虑到防火和防灾的要求,保证车库的安全。
3.2 自动化系统立体车库的自动化系统是实现车辆停放和交流的关键。
自动化系统应能够实时监测每个停车位的使用情况,并且能够根据需求分配空闲停车位给新来的车辆。
此外,自动化系统还需要配备相应的传感器和控制设备,以确保车辆在进入和离开车库时的安全。
3.3 应用领域立体车库的应用领域包括市区公共停车场、商业地下停车场、大型居民小区等。
立体车库的设计能够在有限的空间内提供更多的停车位,有效缓解城市停车位紧张的问题。
4. 立体车库对城市交通拥堵问题的解决办法城市交通拥堵是当今社会面临的重大问题之一。
Three-dimensional garage1.A three-dimensional outlines garageVehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. As many new households within the district and the parking ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle's unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted. Machinery garage with the traditional natural underground garage, in many respects to demonstrate its superiority. First, the mechanical garage with a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storeys), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs.Mechanical garage and underground garage can be more effective than to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.In the underground garage using mechanical parking, but also can remove the heating, ventilation, therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Machinery sets are usually not in the garage, but a single from the packaging. This will give full play to its small space, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage right now the district to solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions.Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms : lifting and transferring, tunnel-stacker, vertical-type, Vertical circulation, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round.(1) lifting and transferringLifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. This applies three-dimensional garage on the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and low cost.1. Product features :1) save land, the configuration flexibility, shorter construction period.2) low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations.3) use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable.4) access to a quick, short waiting times.5) Run a smooth, low noise.6) applies to commercial, offices, residential quarters supporting the use of car parks.2. Safety devices : anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.(2) - Roadway StackerAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles, All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the Stacker higher technical requirements, single stacker higher costs So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers.(3) vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces. generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area.(4) Vertical cycleProduct features :1) covers an area of small, two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.3) low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, shortconstruction periods.4) use automatic control, safe and reliable operation.2.three-dimensional garage automatic control system :Large modern architectural mainstream intelligent buildings and residential communities. So auto-parking garage equipment or automatic control system will become intelligent buildings and residential communities an important component of pm. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associated with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expand utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems : automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program. (1) Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charging non-contact IC cards. IC cards with the long-card two. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pay management fees paid together; On the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely : the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.(2) Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system generally small PLC control. including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set thecorresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Cun truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, Parking will be normal light-Kai. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.(3) remote diagnosis systemControllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring the operation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel.(4) Automatic GateIn the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminant validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm.(5) monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded.System :Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation sphericalplatforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.Motion Detection functions : setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs.LPR functions : it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal, and automatic switching and record their images.Alarm linkage functions : all can move even the police mainframe, If activated Relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access.Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information.Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following :1) The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation.Red lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.2) Stores in operationDrivers of vehicles entering from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. Vehicles, fencing to shut down automatically. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators.3) the operatorDrivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically. Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished.Garage in the course of operation, a complete self-protection devices. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; Falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.立体车库一、立体车库概述车辆无处停放是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的问题,立体停车设备的发展在国外,尤其在日本已有近30~40年的历史,无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。
目录摘要第1章绪论 (3)1.1土地的利用 (3)1.2机械停车库的概念 (3)1.3 立体车库的历史以及国内外的状况、发展前景 (3)1.4 立体车库的类型和特征 (6)1.5电梯式立体车库的设计概要 (10)1.6电梯式停车库的设计参数 (10)第2章电梯式立体车库的结构设计 (13)2.1 电梯立体车库的工作过程 (13)2.2 电梯式立体车刻苦与传统车库比较具有优势 (13)2.3 立体车库的结构 (14)2.4 电梯立体车库的运动机构 (15)第3章环形电梯式立体车库的控制系统分析 (24)3.1 立体车库的主控单元 (24)3.2 立体车库控制系统的组成 (25)3.3 小结 (25)总结与展望致谢参考文献摘要进入新世纪以来,我国土地资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐,形势严峻。
我国土地资源总量丰富但人均贫乏。
随着人口的增加和经济的发展,土地资源形势日趋严峻。
都市停车难是当前我国大中城市中普遍存在的一种现象。
长期以来被忽视的静态交通建设加上停车场、泊车位的严重不足,使都市面临前所未有的压力。
随着城市化进程的加速,日益增多的汽车带来了城市停车厂不足以及由此引发的一系列问题,为了更好地利用土地资源,我们在城市中紧凑的地方内对停车空间、停车方式进行新的探索。
本设计主要是关于环形电梯式立体停车库和主要零部件的选择。
环形电梯式立体停车库就其组成部分而言,可分为三大部分:车库结构部分、传动机构部分和控制系统部分。
传动结构由升降传动、旋转传动和横移传动三个部分组成。
该立体车库就是通过旋转机构选择车位方向,升降电梯承载车辆到指定高度,横移机构利用叉梳实现存取车辆;本设计选择以可编程控制器(PLC)作为车库控制系统的控制核心,并根据车库工作时输入输出的工作参量,完成可编程控制器的选择。
环形电梯式立体停车库具有非常广阔的发展空间和前景,使立体停车库实现智能化,网络化,标准化。
关键词: 停车,土地资源,环形电梯式立体停车库,升降电梯,横移叉梳,可编程控制器第1章绪论1.1土地的利用20世纪以来,由于人口急剧增长,而可利用的土地资源相对越来越少,因此土地利用问题逐渐引起世界各国的重视。
PLC设计与调试课程名称电气控制与PLC应用技术设计题目升降横移式立体车库课程设计考核和成绩评定办法1.课程设计的考核由指导教师根据设计表现、设计报告、设计成果、答辩等几个方面,给出各项权重,综合评定。
该设计考核教研室主任审核,主管院长审批备案。
2.成绩评定采用五级分制,即优、良、中、及格、不及格。
3.参加本次设计时间不足三分之二或旷课四天以上者,不得参加本次考核,按不及格处理。
4.课程设计结束一周内,指导教师提交成绩和设计总结。
5.设计过程考核和成绩在教师手册中有记载。
课程设计报告内容课程设计报告内容、格式各专业根据专业不同统一规范,经教研室主任审核、主管院长审批备案。
注:1. 课程设计任务书和指导书在课程设计前发给学生,设计任务书放置在设计报告封面后和正文目录前。
2. 为了节省纸张,保护环境,便于保管实习报告,统一采用A4纸,实习报告建议双面打印(正文采用宋体五号字)或手写。
2009/2010学年第二学期PLC应用技术课程设计任务书指导教师:蔡长青冯雷班级:自动化0841、2班地点:实训中心512 课程设计题目:基于PLC的立体车库控制系统一、课程设计目的本课程设计的目的在于培养学生运用已学的PLC控制技术的基础知识和基本理论,加以综合运用,进行PLC控制系统设计的初等训练,掌握运用PLC进行系统控制设计的原则、设计内容和设计步骤,为从事PLC相关的毕业设计或今后的工作需要打下良好的基础。
二、课程设计内容(包括技术指标)1、立体车库的工作原理升降横移式立体车库是指利用载车板的升降或横向平移存取停放车辆的机械式停车设备。
升降横移式立体车库每个车位均有载车板,所需存取车辆的载车板通过升、降、横移运动到达地面层,驾驶员进入车库,存取车辆,完成存取过程。
停泊在这类车库地面的车只作横移,不必升降,上层车位或下层车位需通过中间层横移出空位,将载车板升或降到地面层,驾驶员才可进入车库内将汽车开进或开出车库。
1、【多选题】2006年秋季的某日下午,在一商务中心的立体车库里现场操作人员正将8#车位下降,但在这个过程中突然载车板发生倾斜,所载车辆向前俯冲,造成了同一横梁上的9#车位框架前端脱出横梁发生坠落,把9#车位下面的3#车位上的车辆压扁。
由于这起突发事故,造成了3辆车辆不同程度受损,所幸无人员受伤。
事故原因分析:()(BC)A、卷扬系统中的卷筒钢丝绳紊乱B、8#载车板倾斜C、8#车位的平移框架受到外力掉落,从而造成右侧9#车位的平移框架掉落D、3#车位的车辆未停放到位2、【多选题】《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》第七条规定,特种设备生产、经营、使用单位应当遵守本法和其他有关法律、法规,建立、健全特种设备()和()责任制度,加强特种设备安全和节能管理,确保特种设备生产、经营、使用安全,符合节能要求。
(AC)A、安全B、岗位管理制度C、节能3、【多选题】《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》第八十三条规定,特种设备使用单位使用特种设备未按照规定办理使用登记的,责令限期改正;逾期未改正的,责令停止使用有关特种设备,处()以上()以下罚款。
(BC)A、二千元B、一万元C、十万元4、【多选题】《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》第八十四条规定,特种设备使用单位使用未取得许可生产,未经检验或者检验不合格的特种设备,或者国家明令淘汰、已经报废的特种设备的;责令停止使用有关特种设备,处()以上()以下罚款。
(BC)A、二千元B、三万元C、三十万元5、【多选题】《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》规定,特种设备存在严重事故隐患,无改造、修理价值,或者达到安全技术规范规定的其他报废条件,未依法履行报废义务,并办理使用登记证书注销手续的,责令停止使用有关特种设备,处()以上()以下罚款。
(BD)A、2000元B、3万元C、10万元##D、30万元6、【多选题】《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》规定特种设备安全工作应当坚持的原则是()。
中北大学信息商务学院毕业设计开题报告学生姓名:何斌学号:********X11 系名:机械工程系专业:机械设计制造及其自动化设计题目:基于虚拟样机的升降横移式立体车库****:***2016年 3月 15日开题报告填写要求1.开题报告作为毕业设计答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。
此报告应在指导教师指导下,由学生在毕业设计工作前期内完成,经指导教师签署意见及所在系审查后生效;2.开题报告内容必须用按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式(可从教务处网页上下载)打印,禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴,完成后应及时交给指导教师签署意见;3.学生写文献综述的参考文献应不少于15篇(不包括辞典、手册)。
文中应用参考文献处应标出文献序号,文后“参考文献”的书写,应按照国标GB 7714—87《文后参考文献著录规则》的要求书写,不能有随意性;4.学生的“学号”要写全号(如02011401X02),不能只写最后2位或1位数字;5. 有关年月日等日期的填写,应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求,一律用阿拉伯数字书写。
如“2016年3月15日”或“2016-03-15”;6. 指导教师意见和所在系意见用黑墨水笔工整书写,不得随便涂改或潦草书写。
毕业设计开题报告图1 民用汽车保有量及其增长率随时间变化曲线图各地政府虽已花大力支持城市交通基础设施建设,但始终难以满足汽车快速增长的需要。
特别是大城市的机动车拥有量和增长远远超过交通基础设施的增长速度,静态交通基础设施的建设更落后于动态交通基础设施建设。
目前,在我国城市内大规模使用的是平面停车场。
这种停车方式的特点是停车方便,但占地面积大。
据统计,在上海每天有35万辆汽车停泊在马路两边;北京每天就有90万辆车无“家”可归[2]。
汽车的增长呈现如此一种爆炸式的增长方式,这无疑会给城市交通带来巨大的压力(图2)。
尤其是在城市中心地区,用地有限,高层建筑林立,路网格局难以改变,挖潜有限,停车泊位非常紧张;再由于商业密集,办公集中,车辆出入频繁,交通流量过大,对进入中心区办公、购物、观光的人来说往往因找不到合适的停车位而苦恼,甚至为了停车要转好几个圈子。
PLC立体车库控制系统设计开题报告1. 背景立体车库是一种高效利用空间的停车设施,通过垂直堆叠和水平移动车辆,可以在有限的地面面积上容纳更多的汽车。
然而,传统的立体车库存在一些问题,如操作复杂、停放时间长、容易发生故障等。
为了解决这些问题并提高立体车库的运行效率和安全性,我们将设计一个基于PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)的立体车库控制系统。
2. 目标与分析2.1 目标本项目旨在设计一个可靠、高效、安全的PLC立体车库控制系统,实现以下目标:1.自动化控制:通过PLC对立体车库进行自动化管理和控制,实现自动停放和取出汽车。
2.运行效率优化:通过优化停放和取出汽车的路径规划算法,减少操作时间和能耗。
3.故障检测与维护:通过监测传感器数据并实时反馈给PLC,及时发现故障并采取相应措施。
4.安全保障:确保汽车在停放和取出过程中没有碰撞和损坏。
2.2 分析在分析立体车库控制系统的设计之前,我们需要考虑以下几个方面:1.立体车库结构:立体车库由多层停车位组成,每层停车位可以垂直升降和水平移动。
需要确定每层停车位的数量和布局。
2.PLC选型:选择适合本项目的PLC设备,满足系统控制需求并具备良好的可靠性和扩展性。
3.传感器选择:选择合适的传感器,如光电传感器、超声波传感器等,用于检测汽车位置、停放状态以及故障信息等。
4.控制算法设计:设计合理的路径规划算法,实现汽车的高效停放和取出,并避免碰撞和损坏。
5.用户界面设计:为用户提供友好的操作界面,方便用户查询和管理汽车停放信息。
3. 结果与建议3.1 结果通过对PLC立体车库控制系统进行详细设计和实施,我们预期将获得以下结果:1.自动化控制功能:实现对立体车库中汽车自动停放和取出的功能,减少人工操作。
2.运行效率优化:通过优化路径规划算法,减少操作时间和能耗,提高立体车库的运行效率。
3.故障检测与维护功能:通过传感器监测和实时反馈,及时发现故障并采取相应措施,提高系统可靠性和稳定性。
南京工程高等职业学校五年制高职毕业设计姓名:孙金平学号:100109219系部:电子工程系专业:电气自动化技术设计题目:基于PLC的控制智能化立体车库设计指导教师:魏小林职称:讲师2015 年04 月01 日摘要随着我国经济的飞速发展,城市人口日益增多,特别是随着改革开放以来,我国进入了汽车拥有率迅速上升时候。
以往那种单层平面停车场也越来越不能满足市场的需求。
对多停车位、少占空间、使用操作简单、安全可靠的“立体停车库”的建设,是解决目前寸土寸金的大都市内停车难的有效办法。
立体车库是一种以单层平面停车场为核心、多平面的空间停车车库,通过可编程控制器(Programming Logic Controller,简称PLC)控制车位空间位置的变动,使车位能够实现空间到平面的转化,实现多重单层平面停车的功能。
升降横移式立体车库利用托盘移位产生垂直通道,实现多层车位的升降来存取车辆。
本文主要通过对升降横移式立体车库原理的研究,探讨了应用可编程控制器PLC实现车库的控制系统,介绍了3×3立体车库模型实现情况。
在结构方面完成了升降横移式车库的总体结构设计,在控制方面从软硬件对系统进行设计,并绘制了动作功能图和运行梯形图。
完整地实现了立体车库的设计。
关键词:立体车库;升降横移式;可编程控制器目录第1章绪论......................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1.1 立体车库概述 (5)1.1.1 立体车库简介 (5)1.1.2 立体车库的分类及其特点 (5)1.2 立体车库的国内外发展状况 (8)1.2.1 立体车库国外的发展状况 (8)1.2.2 立体车库国内的发展现状 (8)第2章软件介绍..................................... 错误!未定义书签。
2.1 PLC简介 (11)2.1.1 PLC的定义 (11)2.1.2 PLC的编程语言 (11)2.2 GX Developer编程软件简介 (12)2.2.1 GX Developer编程软件的特点 (12)2.3 本设计主要内容 (13)第3章立体车库工作原理、结构特点和主要技术参数 (14)3.1 升降横移式立体停车库的运行原理 (14)3.2 立体车库主要构件及其功能 (15)3.2.1 框架 (15)3.2.2 一层载车板横移传动系统 (15)3.2.3 二层载车板升降横移运动的传动系统 (15)3.2.5 安全装置 (16)3.2.6 控制系统 (17)3.3 升降横移式体停车库主要技术参数 (17)第4章立体车库电气控制系统设计..................... 错误!未定义书签。
立体车库开题报告立体车库开题报告一、背景与市场需求随着城市化进程不断加快,城市交通和停车问题越来越突出。
传统的平面停车场往往占用大量的土地资源,使用效率低下。
为解决这一问题,立体车库应运而生。
立体车库通过垂直停车方式,极大地提高了停车位的使用效率,能够在有限的空间内容纳更多的汽车,解决城市停车难题。
目前,市场对于立体车库的需求日益增长。
随着汽车拥有量的不断增加,停车位紧缺已成为城市管理和居民的头疼问题。
传统的地下停车场和平面停车场已经无法满足需求,而立体车库作为一种新兴的停车解决方案,具有很大的发展潜力。
二、研究目的与研究内容本研究旨在开发一种高效、节省空间的立体车库系统,通过对市场需求和技术发展的分析,设计并测试一种满足现代城市停车需求的立体车库方案。
具体研究内容包括:1-市场需求分析:调研并分析目前市场对立体车库的需求状况,了解用户对停车场容量、安全性和舒适性等方面的要求。
2-技术研究:研究立体车库的设计原理和关键技术,包括升降机械结构、横向移动装置、智能控制系统等。
3-方案设计:基于市场需求和技术研究结果,设计一种适用于现代城市的立体车库方案,包括结构设计、电气设计、控制系统设计等。
4-系统测试与评估:对设计的立体车库系统进行模拟与实际测试,评估其性能和可靠性,并进行性能改进和优化。
三、项目进展计划1-需求分析阶段(预计完成时间:一个月)●调研市场需求,了解用户对立体车库的要求。
●分析现有立体车库系统的优缺点,确定本项目的技术目标。
2-技术研究阶段(预计完成时间:两个月)●研究立体车库的设计原理和关键技术。
●调研相关的专利和技术文献,了解最新的研究进展。
3-方案设计阶段(预计完成时间:三个月)●基于需求分析和技术研究结果,设计立体车库系统的各个组成部分。
●进行系统性能评估和优化。
4-系统测试与评估阶段(预计完成时间:两个月)●对设计的立体车库系统进行模拟测试,验证系统的性能和可靠性。
●根据测试结果进行性能改进和优化。
摘要立体车库是专门实现各种车辆的自动停放及科学寄存的存储设施。
近年来随着我国经济的飞速发展,城市人口日益增多,特别是随着改革开放以来,我国进入了汽车拥有率进入急速上升时期。
机械式立体车库可充分利用地上资源,发挥空间优势,最大限度地停放车辆,成为解决城市静态交通问题的重要途径。
本课题以较为典型的升降横移式立体车库为研究对象,综合介绍了升降横移式立体车库的运行模式和操作模式。
本课题以典型常见的地上3×3升降横移式为例,说明了停车库的运行原理。
并用组态王对立体车做了实时监控和动态演示。
本文在对国内外车库现状及发展趋势做了充分调研的基础上,选择三层三列式车库结构为研究模型。
升降横移式立体车库就其组成部分而言,可分为三大部分:车库结构部分、传动机构部分和控制系统部分。
本文简单介绍了车库的主体结构和特点,对车库的控制系统也作了详细的说明。
依据升降横移式立体车库的运行原理,运用理论对升降横移式立体车库的结构进行了全面的分析,包括升降横移式立体车库的框架结构的机械强度、横移传动系统中轴的强度和升降传动系统中轴的强度等。
在对升降横移式立体车库控制系统的设计中,采用了常用的的PLC控制,运用三菱公司的编程软件编制了升降横移式立体车库控制系统的程序,并经调试、运行,证明采用可编程序控制器(PLC)作为控制系统简单易行。
其稳定、可靠、快速、性价比高的特点使得控制系统更加稳定可行。
为了使停车设备满足使用要求,根据国家关于机械式停车设备通用安全要求的标准、升降横移式立体车库的实际运行,在升降横移式立体车库中采取了一些必要的安全技术,这样保证了车辆的绝对安全,使得整个车库可以安全平稳的运行。
关键词:立体车库;控制系统;PLCABSTRACTStereo garage is specifically implement check of vehicles automatic parking and scientific storage acilities. With theincreasing of urban car ownership, parking problem has become a common phenomenon of large and medium-sized cities. Mechanical stereo garage can make full use of land resources, making full use of the advantages of space and maximize the parked vehicles, become the important way to solve the problem of urban static traffic. This topic was typical to lift move transversely type parking equipment as the research object, considering the three-dimensional garage dual factors of manufacturing cost and operation efficiency.Based on the garage at home and abroad present situation and the development trend on the basis of investigation and choose three layer three column type garage structure as the research model. Lifting and moving type stereo garage in terms of their component parts, can be divided into three parts: the garage structural parts, transmission parts and control system. This article simply introduces the main structure and characteristics of garage, the garage control system also made a simple description, based on three-dimensional garage lifting and moving type, the operation principle of using the theory of three-dimensional garage for lifting and moving structure has carried on the comprehensive analysis, including the lifting of the frame transverse transmission system and elevator drive system of axial strength and so on. In three-dimensional garage for lifting and moving the design of control system, adopt advanced PLC control, by use of mitsubishi's programming software developed lifting and moving type three-dimensional garage control system application, and the debugging and running, prove that using programmable controller (PLC) as control system is simple. Its stable, reliable, rapid, cost-effective features make control according to the state of mechanical parking equipment general safety standards, lift the lateral movement type parking equipment and actual use in the lift move transversely type parking equipment necessary security technology, so that ensures the complete safety of the vehicle, make the whole garage can be safe and smooth operation.Key words: Stereo garage; Control system; The PLC目录1 绪论1.1 本课题设计的背景随着我国城市经济和汽车工业的迅速发展,拥有私家车的家庭越来越多,截至2012年8月底,全国机动车保有量达到2.19亿辆。
译文原文题目:Three-dimensional garage 译文题目:立体车库学院:电子信息学院专业班级:测控技术与仪器09级2班学生姓名:学号:原文:Three-dimensional garage1.A three-dimensional outlines garage :Vehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. As many new households within the district and the parking ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle's unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted. Machinery garage with the traditional natural underground garage, in many respects to demonstrate its superiority. First, the mechanical garage with a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storeys), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs.Mechanical garage and underground garage can be more effective than to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.In the underground garage using mechanical parking, but also can remove the heating, ventilation, therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Machinery sets are usually not in the garage, but a single from the packaging. This will give full play to its smallspace, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage right now the district to solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions.Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms : lifting and transferring, tunnel-stacker, vertical-type, Vertical circulation, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round.(1) lifting and transferringLifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. This applies three-dimensional garage on the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and low cost.1. Product features :1) save land, the configuration flexibility, shorter construction period.2) low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations.3) use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable.4) access to a quick, short waiting times.5) Run a smooth, low noise.6) applies to commercial, offices, residential quarters supporting the use of car parks.2. Safety devices : anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.(2) - Roadway StackerAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles, All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the Stacker higher technical requirements, single stacker higher costs So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers.(3) vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layoutspaces. generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area.(4) Vertical cycleProduct features :1) covers an area of small, two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.3) low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, short construction periods.4) use automatic control, safe and reliable operation.2.three-dimensional garage automatic control system :Large modern architectural mainstream intelligent buildings and residential communities. So auto-parking garage equipment or automatic control system will become intelligent buildings and residential communities an important component of pm. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associated with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expand utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems : automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program.(1) Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charging non-contact IC cards. IC cards with the long-card two. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pay management fees paid together; On the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely : the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.(2) Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system generally small PLC control. including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Cun truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, Parking will be normal light-Kai. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detection limit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.(3) remote diagnosis systemControllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring theoperation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel.(4) Automatic GateIn the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminant validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm.(5) monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded.System :Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.Motion Detection functions : setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs.LPR functions : it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal, and automatic switching and record their images.Alarm linkage functions : all can move even the police mainframe, If activated Relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access.Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image toenlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information.Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following :1) The sense of light yellow instructions garage operation.Red lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.2) Stores in operationDrivers of vehicles entering from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. Vehicles, fencing to shut down automatically. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators.3) the operatorDrivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically.Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically. Vehicle operation finished.Garage in the course of operation, a complete self-protection devices. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; Falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.Garage is a hot topic in large and medium-sized cities. State Economic and Trade Commission, "city Solid Garage" as "the recent focus on the development of technology industries." With the continuous increase in domestic cars, trucks contradictions exist in public places and communities, the problem will become increasingly conspicuous green vehicles crowded. in the awareness of the environment and enhance the quality of life when the "garage" is becoming a hot topic. Automated machinery garage will be in the development of new developments and commercial agents.译文:立体车库车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济和交通发展到一定程度的结果,车库设备在国外发展,尤其是在日本近30—40年。
立体停车库存在的问题及解决措施研究作为现代城市化发展的象征和符号,城市立体交通建设近年来有了显著的发展,道路交通拥堵已成为当前城市迅速发展所面临的突出矛盾。
而智能化的机械式立体停车库,能够极大的提高空间利用率,并兼具安全可靠和低能耗的特点,能够应用于多种城市建筑物中,因此通过在城市内发展和建设立体式停车库能够有效的解决这个矛盾。
机械式立体停车库对于解决我国城市发展过程中面临的停车难问题有着举足轻重的作用,对于推动城市可持续发展,具有现实的社会意义和良好的发展前景。
标签:机械式立体车库;交通拥堵;城市化一、城市发展立体停车设施的必然性近年来人民生活水平不断提高,家用小汽车以惊人的发展速度进入普通居民家庭,停车难题日益严峻。
作为重要的城市交通基础设施,停车场的发展应由平面停车向立体停车发展,城市发展立体停车有一定的必然性。
(1)城市土地资源稀缺,不宜发展平面停车。
作为停车供需矛盾最为突出的城市中心区,由于城市用地的紧张和土地价格的昂贵,要开辟较大范围的城市用地来建设大面积平面停车场显然是行不通的。
发展立体停车适用于城市寸土寸金的环境。
通常机械式立体停车库占地面积远小于同规模平面停车场,地下车库由于要留出足够行车通道,平均1辆车要占40m2,而如采用双层机械车库,可使地面使用率提高80%~90%,如采用地上多层机械塔式立体式车库,空间利用率将会大大提高,能够利用有限的土地资源充分发挥其价值。
(2)发展立体停车能有效缓解城市停车问题。
近年全国各地城市机动车飞速增加,尤其私家车呈爆炸式增长,而同期公共停车场受限于地方政府财力、土地等压力,其投入必定不会大幅度增加。
停车建设历史欠账较多的中心区大型商业、行政办公等地区,以及部分建成年代较早的居住区,成为城市停车难问题最严重的地区。
立体停车库其建设周期短、投资少、占地面积相对较小,建设条件要求不高。
与混凝土结构地下车库相比,机械立体车库建设成本更低。
针对中心城区,原有的街道布局、老建筑很难实行改建和扩建,加上建设地下停车库制约因素较大等问题,要缓解城市停车难题,建设占地小、容量大的立体停车设施,在短期内容易形成规模效益,能够缓解停车矛盾突出区域的停车难题。
维修电工技师论文(技术总结)题目申报人所在单位温州机电技师学院项目名称立体停车库作者姓名曹翔摘要随着人们生活水平不断的提高汽车也走进千家万户,随之也带来一些问题例如道路拥挤、停车难等一系列问。
本作品针对停车难这一严峻的问题开发设计,对多停车位、少占空间、使用操作简单、安全可靠地“立体停车库”解决目前寸土寸金的大城市内停车难的有效办法。
立体停车库是单平面多层停车为核心,多层的停车位置是通过可编程控制器(Programming Logic Controller, 简称PLC)实现升降横移式立体车库利用托盘停车取车。
目前国内立体停车库,其控制核心单元多为PLC,并通过控制按钮,由工作人员现场操作实现对车库的管理控制。
立体停车动作复杂,要求控制系统实现顺序动作控制,速度控制、定位控制及安全互锁控制。
所以PLC是立体车库的首选控制器件。
本设计应用可编程控制器实现控制系统,介绍了3x3立体车库模型实现情况。
控制系统的监控采用基于WINDOWS平台的工控组态软件MCGS,通过组态软件数据库的结构、动画连接及控制。
关键词:可编程控制器(PLC)、工控组态软件MCGS、立体停车库。
1目录摘要 (1)目录 (2)第一章绪论 (3)1.1 立体车库的概述 (3)1.2 立式车库的发展史 (3)第二章立体车库的结构及硬软件系统 (3)2.1 立体车库的结构 (4)2.2 硬软件系统 (4)2.2.1 立体停车库的硬件系统 (4)第三章立体停车库控制系统设计 (4)3.1 设计思路及控制要求 (4)3.1.1 电器控制框图 (6)3.2 I/O 分配 (7)3.3 系统原理图 (8)3.4 立体车库的程序设计 (9)3.4.1 PLC控制程序流程图 (9)3.4.2 PLC程序的重点和难点 (10)3.4.3 触摸屏组态的重点和难点 (11)第四章总结及心得体会 (14)4.1 技师研修中遇到的问题 (14)4.2 心得与体会 (14)参考文献 (15)致谢 (16)附件 1 程序 (17)附件 2 事物图片 (24)2第一章绪论1.1 立体车库的概述机械式立体车库就是以立体的方式用机构来存取、停放车辆的整个停车设施,即用机械设备将汽车存放到立体化的停车位或从停车位取出的方式。
立体车库的开题报告立体车库的开题报告一、背景介绍立体车库是一种现代化的停车设施,通过多层垂直停车系统,能够有效利用有限的地面空间,提供更多的停车位。
随着城市化进程的加速,车辆数量的不断增加,停车难成为了城市交通面临的一个严峻问题。
传统的地面停车场已经无法满足停车需求,而立体车库作为一种解决方案,逐渐受到广大城市居民的关注。
二、目的与意义立体车库的建设旨在解决城市停车难的问题,提高城市交通效率,改善居民出行体验。
通过合理规划和设计,立体车库可以充分利用空中和地下空间,增加停车位数,减少停车拥堵,提高道路通行能力。
同时,立体车库的建设还可以减少地面空间的占用,提高城市绿地率,改善城市环境。
三、技术原理立体车库主要采用机械式和自动化系统两种技术原理。
机械式立体车库通过提升机、平移机构等设备,将车辆垂直或水平转移,实现多层停车。
自动化系统则通过电脑控制、传感器和机械装置等,实现车辆的自动停放和取出。
这两种技术原理都能够有效提高停车效率,减少人为操作的时间和错误。
四、设计考虑因素在立体车库的设计过程中,需要考虑多个因素,以保证其安全、高效运行。
首先是结构设计,需要根据地质条件和承重要求,选择合适的结构形式和材料。
其次是通风与照明设计,要保证车库内的空气流通和光线充足,提高停车环境的舒适度。
另外,还需要考虑消防设施、安全出口、监控系统等方面的设计,确保车库的安全性。
五、市场前景分析立体车库作为一种解决停车难问题的创新方案,具有广阔的市场前景。
随着城市化进程的加速,城市居民对停车位的需求不断增加,传统的地面停车场已经无法满足需求。
立体车库能够有效利用有限的空间,提供更多的停车位,满足市民的停车需求。
因此,立体车库的建设将成为城市发展的重要组成部分。
六、挑战与解决方案在立体车库的建设过程中,也面临一些挑战。
首先是技术难题,立体车库的机械设备和自动化系统需要高度可靠和稳定,以确保车辆的安全和顺利停放。
其次是成本问题,立体车库的建设和运营成本相对较高,需要综合考虑投资回报和市场需求。
机械式停车设备司机考试卷 B总共84题共100分一、判断题(共10题,共10分)基础与专业知识1.一般对低压设备和线路.绝缘电阻应不低于0.5MΩ()。
2。
线电压是相线与零线之间的电压。
3。
在直流电路中可以用变压器进行变压()。
4.停电自锁装置是由安全锁、液压阀各系统所组成的机电液互锁。
有效防止在运行过程中出现停电而造成车板继续下坠。
()5。
根据适用的场合不同,钢丝绳绳芯分金属芯、有机芯和石棉芯三种。
()6.入口光电安全装置是指在入口处装有的红外线安全装置,是防止在车库正常运行中,行人或车辆进入运行区,造成设备损坏或人身事故的装置.()7.液压系统中应设过压保护装置,当工作压力达到额定压力的1。
25倍,能自动动作。
() 8。
电力过负荷保护装置是防止机械或停车不当所引起的电流电压超负荷的保护装置,保证设备及车辆安全().9.警告装置是指设备运转时在人车误入时发出警告,并紧急停止设备运转,保证运转时人车安全的装置.()10.相电压是相线与零线之间的电压().二、判断题(共17题,共17分)安全使用操作知识1。
机械式停车设备维修时可以利用载车板进行高处维修。
()2。
卷筒出现裂纹时,应焊补并用砂轮磨光后方可使用。
()3.检修、维护时应戴安全帽,防止零散部件或工具掉落砸伤头部.()4.机械式停车设备应规定定期进行维护和保养;禁止带病运行。
()5.卷筒磨损达原壁厚的10%时,应报废。
()6。
机械式停车设备操作人员在作业过程中发现事故隐患或其它不安全因素,应当立即向现场安全管理人员和单位负责人报告.()7。
在闪点的温度时,燃烧的仅仅是可燃性液体所蒸发的那些蒸气,并不是液体能够燃烧.()8。
必须清理高空作业下方场地,禁止堆放杂物。
()9.在钢轨上运行的车轮或导向轮,轮缘厚度磨损达原厚度的50%时,应报废.()10。
安全标志包括禁止标志、警告标志、指令标志和提示标志.()11。
如果出现整根绳股的断裂,则钢丝绳应报废。
机械式停车设备题库1.0判断题答案(√)1.001特种设备是指涉及生命安全、危险性较大的锅炉、压力容器(含气瓶)、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施。
(×)1.002所有能实现垂直升降或能垂直升降并能水平移动的起重机械属于特种设备。
(√)1.003起重机械,是指用于垂直升降或者垂直升降并水平移动重物的机电设备,其范围规定为额定起重量大于或者等于0.5t的升降机;额定起重量大于或者等于1t,且提升高度大于或者等于2m的起重机和承重形式固定的电动葫芦等。
(×)1.004起重机械,是指用于垂直升降或者垂直升降并水平移动重物的机电设备,其范围规定为额定起重量大于或者等于1t的升降机;额定起重量大于或者等于0.5t,且提升高度大于或者等于2m的起重机和承重形式固定的电动葫芦等。
(√)1.005 空载是指搬运器上无载车板及车辆时的工况。
(×)1.006空载是指搬运器上无车辆时的工况。
(√)1.007额定载荷是指搬运器上有载车板及可容车型中重量最大的适停车辆的工况。
(×)1.008额定载荷是指搬运器上可容车型中重量最大的适停车辆的工况。
(√)1.009额定速度是指额定载荷状态下,搬运器的最大提升速度。
(×)1.010额定速度是指搬运器的最大提升速度。
(√)1.011载车板是指机械式停车设备存放车辆的装置。
(√)1.012井道是供搬运器、对重在其中升降运行的空间。
(×)1.013井道是供搬运器在其中升降运行的空间。
(√)1.014导轨是为搬运器、对重作升降导向的轨道。
(×)1.015导轨是为搬运器作升降导向的轨道。
(√)1.016曳引驱动是靠钢丝绳与曳引机绳轮槽的摩擦力使搬运器及对重升降的驱动方式。
(×) 1.017曳引驱动是靠钢丝绳与曳引机绳轮槽的摩擦力使搬运器升降的驱动方式。
(√)1.018平层是使搬运器在车辆进出口及各层停车位在垂直方向停靠齐平的一种动作。
(×)1.019 平层是使搬运器在各层停车位在垂直方向停靠齐平的一种动作。
(√)1.020机械式停车设备是用来存取储放车辆的机械或机械设备系统。
它是一种集机、电、仪一体化的成套设备。
(×)1.021机械式停车设备的安装、改造、维修应该由制造单位进行施工。
(√)1.022机械式停车设备使用单位在本单位应建立机械式停车设备安全技术档案,并向直辖市或设区的市的特种设备安全监督管理部门进行登记(√)1.023使用单位应当建立健全机械式停车设备安全管理制度和岗位安全责任制度。
(√)1.024机械式停车设备的生产单位对其生产的机械式停车设备的安全性能负责。
(×)1.025当车库发生故障或其它意外时,操作人员可根据自己的经验进行检修。
(×)1.026机械式停车设备的维修由制造单位或会修理的人员进行。
(×)1.027机械式停车设备的登记标志应由特种设备的管理人员保存好。
(×)1.028机械式停车设备的一些安全附件,使用单位可以根据自己的需要拆装。
(√)1.029机械式停车设备操作人员在作业过程中根据机械式停车设备的安全操作规程进行作业。
(√)1.030机械式停车设备操作人员在作业过程中发现事故隐患或其它不安全因素,应当立即向现场安全管理人员和单位负责人报告。
(√)1.031未经许可从事机械式停车设备安装、维修作业的,由特种设备安全监督管理部门予以取缔,并没收违法所得,构成犯罪的还要追究负有责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员的刑事责任。
(×)1.032机械式停车设备投入使用前,可以不经安全技术监督部门检验合格后,可正常投入使用。
(√)1.033机械式停车设备应当每2年进行一次定期检验。
(×)1.034改造和重大维修后拟投入使用的机械式停车设备,使用单位应当对改造和维修项目以及相关项目进行自主检查。
(√)1.035机械式停车设备的操作人员应经过专门培训机构的操作技能培训,取得国家统一格式的《中华人民共和国特种设备作业人员证》后才能进行机械式停车设备的操作。
(×)1.036机械式停车设备的操作人员经过生产厂家的培训后即能进行操作。
(√)1.037强制检验是指依据法律、法规的规定,由安全监察机构制定或授权经资格核准的检验检测机构对设备和设施进行的法定检验。
(√)1.038监督检验是指在特种设备制造、安装、改造、维修过程中,由行政机关授权的法定检验机构进行的、以验证设备安全性能为主的监督性质的检查。
(√)1.039定期检查是指设备投入使用一定的时间后,由行政机关授权的法定检验机构按照安全技术规范要求定期进行的对在用设备安全性能的检验。
(√)1.040型式检验是对特种设备的使用性能和安全性能进行试验的验证性检验。
(√)1.041自检是指企业、业主、或用户进行的日常检查。
检查项目由企业、业主、或用户自定。
(√)1.042安全防护,是指防止操作者在作业时身体某部位误人危险区域或接触有害物质而采取的各种防护措施。
(√)1.043机械产品在预定使用条件下,按使用说明书进行操作并在运输、安装、维修、调试、拆卸和清理时对人身不应产生危害或伤害。
(√)1.044违章指挥,是指管理人员不履行安全职责,违反国家有关安全法规、标准等强令工人进行违章作业的行为。
(×)1.045违章指挥,是指管理人员不履行安全职责,强令工人进行作业的行为。
(√)1.046法律责任是指由于违法行为而应承担的法律后果,它与法律制裁相联系。
(√)1.047劳动保护是指依靠科学技术和组织管理,采取有效的技术措施和管理措施,消除生产劳动过程中危及劳动者人身安全和健康的不良条件和不安全行为,防止伤亡事故和职业病,保障劳动者在生产过程中的安全与健康。
(√)1.048机械式停车设备包括机械式平面停车和立体停车两种。
(√)1.049停车位长度不小于汽车全长加200mm,自行驶入停车位宽度不小于车宽加500mm,停车位高度不小于车高与微升等动作要求之和加50mm,但不小于1600mm。
(×)1.050载车板停车表面端部与出入口地面间水平距离不大于20mm,垂直高度差不大于40mm。
(√)1.051超过适停车辆尺寸时,停车设备的机械系统应不动作或报警。
(×)1.052存放车辆时应收回天线、前进入库。
(√)1.053安全标志包括禁止标志、警告标志、指令标志和提示标志。
(√)1.054在机械式停车设备的出入口、操作室和检修场所应设置相应的安全标志。
(√)1.055载车板应采用非燃烧体材料制造,并具有足够的强度和刚度。
(×)1.056机械式停车设备的制动器应采取常开式制动器。
(√)1.057制动器是使运转着的机构降低速度或停止转动的停止运转装置。
(×)1.058制动器是使运转着的机构停止运转装置。
(√)1.059缓冲器是指吸收动能,缓和冲击的装置。
(√)1.060报警装置是指当机械式停车设备继续运转将发生危险时,自动发出警报信号的装置。
(√)1.061停车设备运行时,不得有异常响声,设备运行应正常、可靠。
(√)1.062机械式停车设备在运行过程中设备发生故障时应自动发出警告信号。
(√)1.063维护保养是设备操作人员职责范围内的一项重要工作。
(×)1.064井道可无固定照明。
(√)1.065机械式停车设备主要受力构件的对接焊缝应进行无损探伤。
(√)1.066室内型机械式停车设备的环境工作温度应为-5~+40ºC,室外型机械式停车设备的环境工作温度应为-15~+40ºC,相对湿度应不大于95%(√)1.067机械式停车设备出入口应有标明停放车辆大小、重量等的标志牌。
(×)1.068当机械式停车设备的受力构件失去整体稳定性时,修复后可继续使用。
(√)1.069当机械式停车设备的受力构件断面腐蚀达原厚度的10%且不能修复时,应报废。
(√)1.070在多人同时存取车辆时,应按先后顺序依次进行;前一辆车未存取完成前,不得进行下一辆车的存取操作。
(×)1.071机械式停车设备维修时可以利用载车板进行高处维修。
(×)1.072当室外机械式停车设备遇有中大雨、6级以上大风时,操作人员应当小心进行操作,防止放生事故。
(√)1.073车库内应保持干净整洁,不得存放其它物品,严禁将易燃、易爆等危险物品带进车库。
(√)1.074机械式停车设备应规定定期进行维护和保养;禁止带病运行。
(×)1.075机房内放置的灭火器可选用一般碳碱泡沫灭火器。
(√)1.076事故是指造成人员死亡、伤害、职业病、财产损失或其他损失的意外事件。
(√)1.077事故隐患泛指生产系统中可导致事故发生的人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态和管理上的缺陷。
(√)1.078危险是指系统中存在导致发生不期望后果的可能性超过了人们的承受程度。
(√)1.079警告装置是指设备运转时在人车误入时发出警告,并紧急停止设备运转,保证运转时人车安全的装置。
(√)1.080防超压装置是防止车辆超过设备载重停放时,液压系统压力过高的安全保护装置,或超压时能停止设备运转的装置。
(√)1.081限速装置是采用定量限速装置,防止意外事故发生时载车板超速下滑,保证设备及车辆安全。
(√)1.082紧急停止装置是在设备操纵盘的显著位置设有的红色急停按钮,可在紧急状态下使用,避免意外发生。
(√)1.083电力过负荷保护装置是防止机械或停车不当所引起的电流电压超负荷的保护装置,保证设备及车辆安全。
(√)1.084运转连锁装置是设备运转过程由机械、电气所组成的互锁装置,防止因运转顺序而引起车板误动作。
(√)1.085入口光电安全装置是指在入口处装有的红外线安全装置,是防止在车库正常运行中,行人或车辆进入运行区,造成设备损坏或人身事故的装置。
(√)1.086断电制动器是防止设备运转过程中突然断电失控的保护装置,断电时紧急制动。
(√)1.087车辆定位装置是在上层载车板上加装了车轮卡位板,防止上下运行过程中出现溜车现象。
(√)1.088停电自锁装置是由安全锁、液压阀各系统所组成的机电液互锁。
有效防止在运行过程中出现停电而造成车板继续下坠。
(√)1.089车长检知、横移安全装置是由前后红外线开关组成的车长检测装置,防止在车辆横移过程中因车辆前后停放位置错误,造成车辆损坏。
(√)1.090上下极限开关是防止载车板在升降过程中,因过高或过低造成设备损坏。
(√)1.091左右极限开关是载车板横移限位装置,防止载车板在左右横移时位置不正确所引起的系统事故。
(√)1.092手动装置是为了便于在故障时取车,特加装的手动装置。