机械工程专业英语教程 (34)[16页]

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Lesson 47 Mechanical Vibrations
• Terminology • Text tour
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Terminology
• Displacement • A vector or the magnitude of a vector from the initial
In the presence of friction, that portion of motion not sustained by the sinusoidal excitation force will gradually die out.[3] 3. sinusoidal excitation force意为“正弦激振力”。全句可译为：在有摩擦存在的情况下，不是由正弦激振力支持的那部分振动将逐渐停止。
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Due to the similarities between rectilinear and torsional types of vibration, the discussion and analysis of one type apply equally
Damping, in its various forms such as air damping, fluid friction, Coulomb dry friction, magnetic damping, internal damping, etc., will always slow down the motion, and cause the eventual dying out of the oscillation.[4] 4. magnetic damping, internal damping意为“磁阻尼，内阻尼”。全句可译为：以诸如空气阻尼，流体摩擦，库仑干摩擦，磁阻尼，内阻尼等形式存在的阻尼将会使运动减慢，并且最终使振动停止。

《机械工程专业英语》课件

机械工程原理
深入研究机械运动、力学和设计方面的原理和方法。
机械工程设计
学习机械系统和组件的设计过程，包括CAD和仿真技术的应用。
学习资源
参考书籍
推荐几本经典的机械工程教材，供学生参考和深入学习。
学习网站
介绍几个优质的在线学习平台，提供丰富的课程和资源供学生学习。
实践项目
鼓励学生参与实际机械工程项目，提升实践能力和解决问题的能力。
2 学生建议和意见
鼓励学生提供对课程的建议和意见，帮助课程更好地满足学生的需求。
总结
课程概述
总结《机械工程专业英语》课程的内容和目标，强调学生在学习过程中的收获。
学习成果
强调学生通过学习该课程所获得的知识和技能，对未来的几个学习机械工程领域知识的途径，如继续学习、实践项目和职业培训。
《机械工程专业英语》 PPT课件
这个PPT课件旨在介绍《机械工程专业英语》课程的内容，包括课程目标、学习方法、重点知识点、学习资源、考试评估、学生反馈和总结。
课程介绍
本节将详细介绍《机械工程专业英语》课程的目标、内容和学习方法。帮助学生了解课程的重要性和学习的方法。
重点知识点
机械工程概述
了解机械工程领域的基本概念、原理和应用。
考试评估
1 考试形式
说明考试的形式，如闭卷考试、开卷考试或者实践考核。
2 考试内容
列举考试涵盖的知识点和要求，帮助学生有针对性地复习。
3 考试时间
确定考试的日期和持续时间，提醒学生合理安排学习时间。
学生反馈
1 课程满意度调查
开展匿名调查，了解学生对课程的满意度和建议，持续改进教学质量。

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (45)[9页]

relationship with the public 公共关系：与公众建立并促进一种有利关系的艺术或科学
2. The methods and activities employed to establish and promote
a favorable relationship with the public 公共关系策略与实施：用于与公众建立并提高一种有利关系的方法或活动
Production Department. The production department sets up and uses the tools and machines to make the
product.
2. research and development 意为“研究和开发，研制”， set up意为“调试”。这段与下一段第一句可译为：
which later stages are based or judged. • 原型：一种原初的样式、形式或例证，是作为其后期阶段
的基础的模型。
• Trademark
• A name, symbol, or other device identifying a product, officially registered and legally restricted to the use of the
Lesson 51 Careers in Manufacturing
• Terminology • Text tour
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Terminology
• Prototype
• An original type, form, or instance that serves as a model on

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (55)[9页]

of those parts. Computerized product design requires such capabilities as computer-aided analysis, computer-aided drafting, design sensitivity analysis, or optimization. The computer-aided analysis capability serves as part of the design process and is also used as a model simulator for the finished product. Analysis may be considered especially appropriate for a product whose initial design has to be modified several times during the manufacturing process. Thus computer-aided analysis can be used as a substitute for
• 模拟装置, 仿真装置：一个进行模拟（仿真）的装置，尤指产生与实际或操作条件接近的测试条件的装置
• Terrain • 1. An area of land, ground • 地区, 地带 • 2. The surface features of an area of land, topography • 地形地势：一个地域的表面特征, 地形
3
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Text tour
The major goal of the engineering profession is to design and manufacture marketable products of high quality. Today’s industries are utilizing computers in every phase of the design, management, manufacture, and storage of their products. The process of design and manufacture, beginning with an idea and ending with a final product, is a closed-loop

机械工程专业英语教程 (第5版)课件 (47)[9页]

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In manufacturing there have always been trade-offs between production rates and flexibility. Transfer lines are capable of high-volume runs, but they are not very flexible. [2]
5. automated materials handling system 意为“自动化物料搬运系统”。全句可译为：
柔性制造系统是由一组计算机数字控制的机床和一个为其服务的由计算机控制的具有刀具运送能力的自动化物料搬运系统而组成的。
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Flexible manufacturing system equipment, like all manufacturing equipment, must be monitored for “bugs”, malfunctions, and breakdowns. When a problem is discovered, a human troubleshooter must identify its source and prescribe corrective measures.[6]
• 成组技术：零件可以按照它们设计和生产制造中的相似性被分成零件族，然后按零件族进行生产。
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Troubleshooter
1. A worker whose job is to locate and eliminate sources of

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When viewed in this perspective, engineering research must focus primarily on removing the barriers to rapid commercialization of known technologies. Much of this effort must address quality and reliability concerns, which are foremost in the minds of today’s consumers.
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Transmission
An automotive assembly of gears and associated parts by which
power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axle, also called
gearbox 变速器：汽车上由齿轮和其它相关部件构成的一个装配体，能量通过它从发动机传到主动轴, 也作gearbox
idea is hard.
对于资金和人力都处于全球性环境中的工程界而言，缩短产品研制开发周期也是有益的。能够设计和制造各种产品的人可以在世界各地找到。但是，具有创新思想的人则比较难找。
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Today, nearly every market is a niche market, because customers are selective. If you ignore the potential for tailoring your product to specific customers’ needs, you will lose the major part of your market share perhaps all of it. Since these niche markets are transient, your company needs

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Lesson 17 Material Selection
• Terminology • Text tour
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Terminology
• Recycle • 1. To put or pass through a cycle again, as for further treatment • 再循环：为了进一步处理等需要重新进入或经过一个循环 • 2. To extract useful materials from (garbage or waste) • 废物利用：从（垃圾或废物）中提取有用物质 • 3. To extract and reuse (useful substances found in waste) • 重复利用：从（废物中找到的有用物质）提取并重新利用 • 4. To use again, especially to reprocess: • 重新使用：再次使用，特别是要再加工： • 5. To recondition and adapt to a new use or function • 改建：改变其状态并使之适应新的用途或作用
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At the functional- or engineering-design stage, a practical, workable design is developed. Fairly complete drawings are made, and materials are selected and specified for the various components. Often a prototype or working model is made that can be tested to permit evaluation of the product as to function, reliability, appearance, serviceability, and so on.

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Hydrocarbon
Any of numerous organic compounds, such as benzene and methane, that contain only carbon and hydrogen 碳氢化合物：只含有碳和氢的多种有机化合物的一种，如苯和甲烷
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消费需求可以作为激励企业提供产品的促进因素。
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The output of manufacturing system is a product. Look around you. Products of manufacture are everywhere. Goods can be classified into consumer and capital kinds.[4] 4． consumer and capital kind这里指 “consumer goods and capital goods”，意为“消费品和生产资料”。全句可译为：商品可以分成为消费品和生产资料。
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Profit is an excess that allows the payment of dividends to owners and shareholders, the purchase of new equipment and plants, and the payment of taxes.[2] 2．excess 意为“超出额，超出量”，这里指“收入超出成本的数额”。全句可译为：
consumer products.[5] 5. consumer product 意为“用于消费的产品”。全句可译为: 生产资料是制造企业购买的产品，被用来制造用于消费的产品。

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applicant for coverage or a policy • 保险业务受理人：保险代理人，他评估为保险总额或保
险单登记申请人承担的风险
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Air conditioner 空调器
Industria robot 工业机器人
Aircraft engine
另一方面，如果公众以较低的价格购买了产品，随后表示他们对使用不方便或故障修理费用的不满，是否会长期地给这家公司的其它产品带来设计质量不好和工艺质量低劣的声誉呢？
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7Hale Waihona Puke 《机械工程专业英语教程》For, if the equipment is expensive, the buyer is likely to have a staff of engineers or outside consultants who are able to assess the cost trade-offs and determine their impact on the buyer’s operations. With the robot, for example, a trade-off must be made between purchase price and production lost through
willingness to offer a longer warranty than the competition?
对空调器的可靠性要求，在很大程度上取决于消费者的心理因素。购买者在多大程度上愿意付较高的价钱以节省其后的修理或更新费用？产品价格是显而易见的，但是如何使公众对可靠性加深印象呢？具体的做法有：可以提供关于空调器特点的信息和广告，或者愿意提供比竞争对手更长的保修期。

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that will perform the needed functions.
“需要是发明之母”这句古老的谚语现在仍然是正确的。设计是从实际或者假想的需要开始的。现有的设备可能需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度或成本等方面做进一些改进工作，也可能需要有新的设备来完成以前由人来做的工作，例如物料搬运或产品装配。当目标完全或部分被确定以后，设计工作的下一
Lesson 31 Some Rules for Mechanical Design
• Terminology
• Text tour
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Terminology
Conception 1. The ability to form or understand mental concepts and
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丝锥和板牙
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Text tour
The old saying that “necessity is the mother of invention” is still true. Designing starts with a need, real or imagined. Existing apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiently, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previously done by men, such as material handling or product assembly. With the objective wholly or partly defined, the next step in design is the conception of mechanisms and their arrangements

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• Internal gear 内齿轮, 齿圈（也称为annular gear ）
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Helical gear 斜齿轮
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• Worm 蜗杆 Worm wheel 蜗轮 • Worm gear • 1. A gear consisting of a spirally threaded shaft and a wheel
with marginal teeth that mesh into it • 蜗轮蜗杆副 • 2. The toothed wheel of this gear, a worm wheel • 蜗轮
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• Broach 拉刀
拉齿
• Swarf • Fine metallic filings or shavings removed by a cutting tool. • 小铁屑：用锉或剃等加工方法去除的细小金属屑。
• 砂轮修整：使砂轮表面磨钝的磨粒上产生新的锋利的切削刃，使其能够更有效地进行切削工作。
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Text tour
Gear planing uses a reciprocating rack, stroking in the direction of the helix on a gear with a gradual generation of form as the rack effectively rolls round the gear blank. The rack is relieved out of contact for the return stroke as in normal shaping or planing.
刨齿采用往复运动的齿条刀，当齿条刀绕齿轮坯料滚切并沿其螺旋线方向运动时，齿形就会被逐渐展成。与普通的刨削加工相同，在回程中齿条刀与齿轮脱离接触。
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Gear shaping is inherently similar to gear planing but uses a circular cutter instead of a rack and the resulting reduction in the reciprocating inertia allows much higher stroking speeds.
Lesson 38 Gear Manufacturing Methods
• Terminology
• Text tour
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1
Terminology
• Annular • Shaped like or forming a ring. • 环形的，轮状的：形状像环或形成环状。
required.
滚齿是最常见的金属切削方法。它采用齿条展成原理，
但是通过安装在旋转刀具上的许多“齿条”来避免缓慢
的往复运动。这些“齿条”轴向排布，形成了有缝的蜗
杆。由于滚刀和工件均不作往复运动，因此滚齿加工时
的
金
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插齿加工在本质上与刨齿加工类似，只是采用了圆形刀具来取代齿条刀。
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《机械工程专业英语教程》
For helical gears, a helical guide is required to impose a rotational motion on the stroking motion; such helical guides cannot be produced easily or cheaply so the method is only suitable for long runs with helical gears since special cutters and guides must be manufactured for each different helix angle.
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• Dressing
• Dressing is the process of conditioning worn grains on the surface of a grinding wheel by producing sharp new edges on grains so that they can cut more efficiently.
加工斜齿轮时，需要有一个能够产生绕插齿运动行程本身旋转的螺旋导轨。这种螺旋导轨不易制造，或者说其制造成本较高。由于对每一种不同螺旋角的齿轮，应该制造不同参数的插齿刀和螺旋导轨，因此这种方法仅适用于斜齿轮的大批量加工。
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Gear hobbing, the most used metal cutting method, uses the rack generating principle but avoids slow reciprocation by mounting many “racks” on a rotating cutter. The “racks” are displaced axially to form a gashed worm. Metal removal rates are high since no reciprocation of hob or workpiece is
A gear shaving cutter looks like a gear which has extra clearance at the root (for swarf and coolant removal) and whose tooth flanks have been grooved to give cutting edges. It is run in mesh with the rough gear with crossed axes so that there is in theory point contact with a relative velocity along