2020届高考英语--动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气

2020年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题2动词的时态和语态及情态动词动词的时态与语态1．—________that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?—Yes. They are happy with it.A．Did you call B．Have you calledC．Will you call D．Were you calling2． In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ________ yet.A．haven't invented B．haven't been inventedC．hadn't invented D．hadn't been inventedD 考查动词的时态和语态。

首先无线电话是被发明的，所以排除 A和 C, 另外通过时间状语in the 1950s, 可知时态为过去完成时，故答案为D。

句意：20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭只有一部电话，无线电话那时还没有被发明出来。

3． People ________ better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.A．will have B．haveC．had D．had hadB 考查动词的时态。

句子是在描述现在的医疗便捷，表达的是现在的状态，所以应该用一般现在时，故答案选 B。

句意：人们现在有权使用比过去更好的医疗服务，所以人们更长寿了。

4． He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he ________．A．was being followed B． was followingC．had been followed D．followedA 考查动词的时态和语态。

2020高三第二轮专题讲解动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词，在历年高考题中动词所占比例最大。

设题时给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及其短语意义的理解和运用能力。

主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。

英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的有十一种。

见下表：（一）一般现在时1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用行为动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用We always care for each other and help each other.2.表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受主句时态的限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.1.表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，只用一般现在时；The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。

2.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中有时可以用shall 或will 表“意愿”，不表示时态；I’ll go there after I finish my work.If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.3.以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

There comes the bus.汽车来了。

Here she comes.她来了。

（二）一般过去时1.过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。

2.表达过去发生的动作We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。

九.动词的时态和语态动词时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同时间里所产生的动作或存在的状态。

从种类上看英语有16种时态，而其中常用的有11种，表中斜体字表示的时态不常用。

动词各时态名称如下：各时态的英语表达结构（以一. 一般现在时一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数作主语时谓语动词后要加-s或-es,另外，be和have有特殊的人称形式。

如：1.一般动词：I know it. You know it. He/She knows it.We/You/They know it.2.动词be：以am, is, are三种形式出现。

I am a teacher. You are a student. He / She is a student.We/You/They are students.3.动词have：以have, has形式出现。

I have a car. You have a car. He / She / has a car.It has a handle. Jack has a paper plane. We/You/They have a car.4.在加词尾-s时要注意：1）一般情况加-s, 如：reads, says.2）以-ch,-sh, -s, -x, -o结尾的词加-es,如：teaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes.3)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的词把“y”改为“i”后加-es.如：try-tries，carry-carries.5.加s后的读音：1）在[P] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s], 如：helps, asks. 2）在[s][z][∫][t∫][dз]等音后读[iz], 如：faces, rises, wishes, watches.hate - hates词尾读音为动词一般现在时的形式：①动词be除第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are.②动词have除第三人称单数用has外，其余全用have。

专题03 动词时态及其语态、情态动词和虚拟语气【2020年高考命题预测】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点,是高考的必考点。

应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点,注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义,捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维,排除误导,培养发散性思维。

高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。

学习时要注意总结规律,灵活使用,特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。

高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查,动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。

2020年时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。

在这个考点上一定多下工夫,不管花费多大的精力,让学生掌握这个考点都不为过,因为,打开2020年的高考试卷,不然会有动词的时态和语态。

高考中的情态动词和虚拟语气考点是高考中的次重点内容,对学生要求掌握的程度要适可而止,尤其是全国卷。

英语中常用的情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,oughtto,dare,need,used to,had better等。

在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。

高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。

每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。

【学科网考点定位】2020考纲解读和近三年考点分布课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。

近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。

高考中动词时态命题,每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题,每小题均设置明确的语境。

一般来说,命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起,增加考题的难度。

2020 年高考英语真题/模拟题+答案+解析（动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气）一、2020 年高考真题1\（2020·新课标III 卷语法填空）65（When/As）he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66．(point) down the river.【答案】pointed【解析】考查动词时态。

句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。

根据上文they smiled and 可知此处应用一般过去时。

故填pointed。

2、（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，morefood59．(need).【答案】was needed【解析】考查时态语态。

句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。

分析句子，逻辑主语和need 之间表示被动逻辑。

同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。

故此处应用过去时的被动语态。

food 为不可数名词。

故填was needed。

3、（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61．(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【答案】had discovered【解析】考查时态。

句意：大约在公元前6000 年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。

分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。

逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。

by + 过去时间译为“到..为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。

故填had discovered.4、（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65．(mean)that fewer people worked infarming.【答案】meant【解析】考查时态。

第九讲助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气一助动词1．助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。

助动词do/does/did后只能跟动词原形，助动词不能用作实义动词。

2．助动词be/being/been主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。

需注意be虽然没有实际意义，但却是结构中不可缺少的。

3．助动词have/has/had主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。

需注意其构成形式have/has/had done和have/has/had been doing。

◆ I am Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. I am writing to apply for the position asa student volunteer.我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生。

我写信申请学生志愿者职位。

◆ It is the third time that you have been late for work this week.这是你这周第三次上班迟到。

[典例] (2015·浙江卷)Without hesitation, I decided to follow them and we did ____________(have) lots of fun that day.have 解析：did加强语气，后跟动词原形。

单句语法填空1．What about Japanese？They dislike the lotus and ____________not give it as a gift to Japanese because they regard it as the mourning flower.do 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。

结合语境可知，该句陈述的是一般常识，应用一般现在时，且主语为they，故该空用助动词do。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Little ____________ I know that I would discover my love for ASL.did 解析：little为半否定词，在句首引起句子要倒装；根据从句谓语动词的时态可知，主句也应用过去时，所以应填助动词did。

2021年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气一、2021年高考真题1. （2021年高考全国甲卷语法填空）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).…….We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.2.（2021年高考全国甲卷短文改错）They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.3. （2021年高考全国乙卷短文改错）That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!3.（2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.4. （2021年浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. …….When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white.二、2021届模拟题1. （2021·吉林松原市实验高级中学高三模考语法填空）These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen, (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.2. （2021·江西萍乡市·高三二模语法填空）Breakdancing is a sport which can be played anytime and anywhere in urban and other environments. It has no previous appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, but (include) at the Summer Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in 2018.3.（2021·黑龙江大庆市·高三二模语法填空）What will you think of when hearing the word “kung fu”? Theanswer for most people may be Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee or Kung Fu Panda. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing that (spring) to mind is the concept of non-violence.4. （2021·四川泸州市·高三三模语法填空）Recorded in a short video by a local resident, the rare appearance 1．(attract) attention online on the right day. ……“Rising water levels during the flood season together with the fishing ban 48．(probable) contribute to this rare animal’s appearance, given that sandbanks 2．(cover) by water and more water plants are available for fish. 5.（2021·西宁市教育科学研究院高三一模语法填空）China’s Chang’e 5 mission successfu lly delivered samples of moon rock and dust to Earth on December 17. It marks the first time in 44 years that moon rocks ．(bring) back to planet.6.（2021·内蒙古赤峰市·高三二模语法填空）Awakening of Insects, which （1）(signal) a rise in temperature and increased rainfall, falls on March 5 and ends on March 19 this year.Awakening of Insects refers to the fact that animals sleeping in winter （2）(awaken) by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.7.（2021·内蒙古包头市·高三二模短文改错）As you know, China, with a long history and great culture, have a sea of famous cities and different types of places of interesting for you to explore.8. （2021·黑龙江大庆市·高三二模短文改错）Fortunately, the fence was lasted through 15 more minutes and the helicopter arrived in time. We were saving.9. （2021·四川遂宁市·遂宁中学高三三模语法填空）The Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Clear and Bright (1) (be) the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival,Tomb-Sweeping Day.……..Clear and Bright serves as a time when Chinese people honor nature and the ancestors of the Chinese nation. The worship of nature and ancestors (2) (date) back to ancient times, and still matters a lot in modern society.10.（2021·赤峰二中高三月考）“Each” and “every” are words which are close in meaning. In general, you use “each” when you are talking about one individual(单独的) object or person. "Every" （1）．(use) for a group of objects, or people that you group together.………11.（天津市河东区2021届高三第一次模拟考试）—Do you remember the first time we met?—Yes. It happened at the airport and we _______to leave for Tianjin.A．had been waiting B．were waiting C．would wait D．waited12.（天津市红桥区2021届高三质量调查（一模））Mr. Smith________ these days. I think he should take a holiday before he burns out.A．has been overworking B．overworkedC．has overworked D．was overworking13. 13．（天津市南开中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考）—Did you get to work on time? —Sure. The city center wasn't as crowded this morning as it usually________.A．is B．was C．has been D．had been。

2020年高考英语语法必考考点（7）动词时态和语态【考点解读】一、动词的时态1．一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。

句中常用often, usually, every day 等时间状语。

Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。

“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say，“because every step shows.”—So what is the procedure?—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。

My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。

如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。

The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.2．一般过去时(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。

动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式：1. Since the United Nations declared June 21 the International Day of Yoga in 2014 , many cities in China_______(start)hosting international yoga festivals.【答案】(现在完成时）have started【解析】句意：自从联合国在2014年宣布6月21日为国际瑜伽日以来，中国的许多城市已经开始举办国际瑜伽节。

此处since(自从……以来）引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，句子主语cities是复数形式，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。

2. Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty______(mark) some significant successes.【答案】(现在完成时）has marked【解析】由时间状语Over the past decade可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时，主语a global push是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。

3 . The twins , who _______ ( finish ) their homework , were allowed to play badminton in the playground.【答案】(过去完成时）had finished【解析】此处表示这对双胞胎完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球（过去式）之前，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。

4. It is the first time that I______(punish) students.【答案】(现在完成时）have punished【解析】考查固定句型中的时态：It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. ;It/This/That was the first time that sb. had done sth.。

2020届全国新高考英语核心考点考点09情态动词和虚拟语气2020届全国高考英语复习备考建议（一）.以词汇为抓手，培养词汇的活用能力。

3500词汇常抓不懈，时刻贯穿课堂，以讲练结合的形式逐一过关。

指导学生科学地记忆单词依然是二轮复习的重点。

过好词汇关才会有挑战高分的资本。

（二）.以阅读和写作为重点，搞好专题突破，提升能力。

1. 阅读是考查学生语言运用能力的主要形式，体裁多样，内容广泛。

因此，应选择不同体裁如记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及不同题材如科普知识、人物传记、历史文化、新闻报道等时效性较强而且学生感兴趣、难易度与高考相近的文章，让学生限时阅读。

因为学生在限时阅读时，精力集中，思维积极，理解效果好，可以提高阅读速度。

（阅读理解四篇，30分钟，目的是提高阅读速度，培养良好的阅读习惯。

然后，马上讲评，可以让学生讲，老师补充。

）阅读中要克服心理障碍，其表现为长句障碍、词汇障碍、文化障碍以及话题体裁障碍（有同学一看到科普类、社会文化类的文章，头就昏了，马上产生畏惧心理），这就要求老师对学生心理指导，并帮助他们提高长难句的分析能力以及答题技巧，往往文章难的，设题简单，并告诉他们如何从文章中找到答案，陌生词不是那么可怕。

2.写作：2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

书面表达能力的提高一方面需要大量阅读，另一方面离不开反复地进行语言基本功的训练。

而英语写作能力的培养必须由简到繁，由易到难，由浅入深，循序渐进地进行训练。

平时强化词汇、语法知识的运用，背诵一定篇数的经典范文，并在此基础上多读、多写，养成良好的写作习惯。

考生应该加强审题的训练，熟悉英语的五种简单基本句型，写好英语简单句。

背课文和范文佳作，并且模仿其中的高级表达，学会使用这些高级表达来润色自己的文章。

熟悉和了解高考书面表达的评分标准以及得分档次。

加强书写的工整和美观。

（三）、听力训练要常抓不解，久久为功。

除了每天坚持听一套听力材料外，还应在课堂上对学生听力技巧的训练。

高考英语动词的时态和语态讲解-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN时态语态（一）时态一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning.2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east.3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football.4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging.5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad.6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 p.m.注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。

如： Look! Here comes the bus.一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy.2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now.3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。

eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do”一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week.2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water.3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening.注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用）现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now.2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism.3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives.4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something.5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly,travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday.2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg:Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly,travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon.注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come.注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished myhomework.22.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught English for 15 years.3.到目前为止的一段时间内，多少次或第几次做某事eg: He’s been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film.4.将来某时将要做完的动作（仅限于时间和条件状语从句）eg: Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.5.发生在过去的，但已成为现在的经历或经验eg: We’ve all played with snow and ice.注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。

专题七情态动词与虚拟语气情态动词具有一定的词义，没有人称和数的变化，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语，用来表示愿望、态度或推测等。

1．表示能力(1)表示现在的能力⎩⎨⎧canam/is/are able to(2)表示将来的能力：will be able to (3)表示过去的能力⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧could 表示过去的能力，不表示是否做was/were able to 表示过去有能力做，并且成功地做了 相当于：managed to do sth. /succeeded in doing sth.could have done 表示过去本来能够做但未做I can 't promise anything, but I 'll do what I can . 我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。

(表示现在的能力)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了这个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去。

(表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了)I could have worked out the problem, but I was too nervous.我本来可以解出这道题，但我太紧张了。

(表示本来有能力做但未做) 2．表示推测(可能性)可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。

(1)客观的可能性并不表示具体某事是否会发生，而用来说明人或事物的特征．．．．．．．．．。

情态动词can 可用于肯定句中表示客观的(或理论的)可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时， can 一般不用于肯定句。

Accidents can happen on such rainy days.在这样的多雨天气里可能会发生事故。

(表示客观的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet.今晚我们可能去看电影，但还没确定。