带介词的定语从句解释
- 格式:doc
- 大小:17.00 KB
- 文档页数:2
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
(which做宾语)=This is the house where we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。
例如:This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
五、关系副词的用法关系副词可以代替的先行词是时间、地点或者理由的名词,在从句中做状语。
关系副词有when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构。
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
例如:This is a place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
This is the house which I live in now.= This is the house where I live now.(where是副词) (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因reason,起原因状语作用。
例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一.介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认,并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trained for the job )2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁?( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月,东南亚的部分地区发生洪水,人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
在撰写这篇文章之前,首先需要对定语从句有一个清晰的理解。
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,它通常由关系代词(如which、who、whom、whose、that等)引导。
在本文中,我们要探讨的是名词+介词+which的定语从句。
1. 定义和用法名词+介词+which的定语从句是指在一个句子中,名词后面带有介词,接着引导定语从句的关系词which。
在句子“The book on which I spent my whole summer is very interesting.”中,名词是book,介词是on,which引导了定语从句。
2. 用法示例接下来,我们通过一些具体的例子来更好地理解名词+介词+which的定语从句。
a. The city in which she was born is famous for its historical landmarks.b. The team for which he plays has won numerous championships.c. The project on which we have been working is finallypleted.在上述例子中,我们可以看到名词+介词+which的定语从句分别修饰了city, team, project等名词,起到了限定和说明的作用。
3. 优缺点分析名词+介词+which的定语从句在表达方面具有较强的灵活性和表达能力,能够将各种复杂的信息通过定语从句清晰地表达出来。
然而,有时也可能会使句子结构变得复杂,需要注意使用时的语法准确性。
4. 结语名词+介词+which的定语从句是中文表达中常用的句式之一,在书面语和正式场合中经常出现。
熟练掌握这一句式的使用,有助于提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性。
在写作中,对该句式的灵活运用是非常重要的。
通过以上的分析和示例,相信你已经对名词+介词+which的定语从句有了更深入的理解。
介词定语从句定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
下面是店铺为大家带来的介词定语从句!一、“介词+关系代词”的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。
如果指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”。
例如:Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?使用“介词+关系代词”要注意以下几点:(一)选用介词的依据:(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
例如:Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。
例如:The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。
例如:The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词of。
例如:I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(二)在定语从句中,含介词的.短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。
例如:The babies whom the nurses are looking after are veryhealthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)(三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose+名词”结构来改写。
介词+ 【1 】which/whom 引诱的定语从句1.在“介词+which/whom”构造中,关系代词用which 照样用whom ,取决于它前面的先行词是物照样人.先行词是物, 用which ; 若为人,就用whom .如:(1)Nearby were two ships in which they had come to theisland.(2)I can’t remember the name of the person to whom I gavethe money.2.这一构造用什么介词取决于先行词的意义和定语从句中谓语动词构造及“介词+which/whom”在句中的感化.(3)This is the room in which we lived last year.(4)There were three people from whom we attempted to findout information.3.因为含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面. 此种情形下关系代词可用which, that , who, whom , 或将他们省略.(5)Is this the book (which/that ) she was looking for?(6)The babies (whom /who/that) the nurse are looking afterare very healthy.4.暗示地点.时光和原因寄义的“介词+which”构造可分离用关系副词where, when 和why 调换.(7)The earth on which /where we live is a planet.(8)I’ll never forget the day on which /when I joined theLeague.(9)Is there any reason for which /why you should have aholiday?5.Of which可以代替whose 用来指物, 其词序一般为“名词+ of which”(10)They live in a house whose door/the door of which opensto the north.(11)He has written a book whose name /the name of which I’vecompletely forgotten.6.“庞杂介词 in front of, at the back of , on the top of, in the middle of 等+ which”构造可引诱非限制性定语从句.(12)He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river.(13)In the evening we arrived at a hill, at the foot of whichthere was a temple.7.“介词+which/ whom”构造中的which 和 whom 不克不及调换为that, 因为that 不克不及做介词宾语.假如用that ,介词必须重复到从句有关动词的后面去.(14)The room that/which he lives in is a small one.(15)The room in which he lives is a small one.8.在有定语从句的句子里,先行词way 后经常应用that 代替in which, 也可把that省略.(16)I really don’t like the way (that/ in which ) he talks.(17) Do it the way I showed you.带介词的定语从句翻译演习15句1.The girl for whom you bought the dress is in the hospital.2.The professor with whom you talked just now is in the office.3.The ice on which you skate must be very hard.4.The town around which I will show you is very beautiful.5.The satellite for which the rocket is built will be sent into space.6.The photos in which we found some information are kept in his box.7.The country from which this news is coming from is very rich.8.This is the river from which the electricity is made.9.This is the pilot from whom I got the pictures.10.The room in which we took pictures are dusty.11.There is a train by which you can go to Beijing.12.There is no way in which you can solve the problem.13.They went to the library from which they borrowed a lot ofbooks.14.We carefully examined the photo, in which we could see thesadness of the actor.15.The balloon in which we travelled was filled with hot air.。
定语从句之—介词+关系代词词The Attributive Clause关系代词的用法;在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that ,which ,who ,whom ,whose 。
考查重点定语从句定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。
阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。
因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。
关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
命题趋势引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等关系副词包括where, when, why等根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句:紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句:主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
关系代词:who、that、whom、whose、which 做作主主语做宾语语1)指人:who/that 指物:which/that 2)指人:who/whom/that/省略指物:which/that/省略► The man who/tha t spoke at the ► The building which/that is ► I visited a scientist whose name is known all over themeeting is from Hong Kong.会上发言的人来自香港。
定语从句(介词+which/whom)概念引入This is the reason for which (=why) he left the company.这就是他离开公司的原因。
Can you tell me for whom you are working?你能告诉我你现在为谁工作吗?There are sixty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.班上有60 名学生,他们都在努力学习。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.最近我买了一个中国古代花瓶,价格非常合理。
观察句子,句子中的引导定语从句的连接词which,whom前都有介词,which和whom 都是代替各自的先行词作介词的宾语。
那么由这种“介词+which/ whom”结构引导定语从句有什么需要注意的呢,这就是本单元我们要学习的内容。
语法讲解【高清课堂:定语从句—定语从句关联词】,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1. 介词放在关系代词前,关系代词只能用which或whom, 关系代词不能省略。
这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗?Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?在黑暗的街道上,没有任何人能让她求助。
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.2. 在限定性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用that/which (指物), that/whom/who (指人)作介词的宾语,且关系代词可以省略。
This is the hero that/who/whom we are proud of.这就是让我们骄傲的英雄。
带介词的定语从句解释
带介词的定语从句是英语语法中比较常见的一种定语从句,它是由介词引导的修饰名词性的从句。
它可以用来修饰名词,在句中作定语,同时还能进一步描述或限定事物的性质、特征、状态等。
以下是详细的解释。
带介词的定语从句的基本结构为:介词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 句子其他成分。
关系代词包括:whom, whose, which, that, who,关系副词包括:when, where, why。
这里是几个例句:
1. The car in which he came belonged to his father. (“in which”修饰车名)
带介词的定语从句的使用需要注意以下几点:
1.位置:在从句中,介词通常放在关系词(代词或副词)之前,而不是放在后面。
所以,需要我们在写作中注意介词的位置,确保语法正确。
2.省略:在带介词的定语从句中,我们可以省略关系代词或关系副词,只保留介词。
这时,从句中的代词或副词的作用就由先前的名词表示,语法关系不变。
例如:This is the book I was talking about. (about是介词+关系代词,可以省略代词)
3.介词的选择:带介词的定语从句中的介词要与先行词有关。
例如考虑下面的两个句子:
在第一个例句中,介词where指的是她出生的城市,而在第二个例句中,介词in所指的是她现在居住的城市。
因此,介词的意义和使用需要根据具体语境来确定。
带介词的定语从句的使用能够更全面地描述事物,使得句子更加精准、清晰、准确。
因此,在日常写作和口语表达中,我们需要注意引用这种语法结构,并正确使用它。
介词后面定语从句介词后面定语从句英语最早被中世纪的英国使用,并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。
下面是店铺为大家整理的介词后面定语从句,欢迎阅读与收藏。
1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体,在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。
如:This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。
This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。
2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that,直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who:介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who,或者省略不同。
如:这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that,也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的`问题。
(which可以换成that,也可以省略)3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。
如: That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。
That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4. 在很正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。
如:在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正:There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正:There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正:There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注:这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有,也不能放在句末。
定语从句介词which的用法一、定语从句介词which的基本用法定语从句是英语中常见的修饰限定名词的方式之一。
其中,定语从句介词which是用来引导非限制性定语从句的关联词。
这种定语从句通常对先行词进行补充或解释,但不对其进行限制或定义。
1. 非限制性定语从句简介非限制性定语从句是指在整个句子的意思已经完整表达出来时,可以加入一个附属的信息来进一步说明或描述先行词。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间多有逗号分隔,并且可以省略。
2. which引导的非限制性定语从句当先行词为事物而不是人时,我们使用关系代词which来引导非限制性定语从句。
which代替了整个主要分句,详细解释了先行词。
例如:- She loves reading, which helps to broaden her horizons.(她喜欢阅读,这有助于开拓她的眼界。
)在上述例子中,“reading”是先行词,而“which”引导了一个对“reading”进行补充说明的非限制性定语从句。
3. 注意事项在使用which引导非限制性定语从句时,需要注意以下几点:- 使用逗号分隔主句和非限制性定语从句;- 在非限制性定语从句中,which代替整个主要分句;- 遵守一般的英语语法规则。
4. 使用which引导非限制性定语从句的实例为了更好地理解which引导非限制性定语从句的用法,下面提供一些例子:a) My car, which is blue, is parked outside.(我的车是蓝色的,停在外面。
)这个例子中,“which”引导了一个对“my car”进行补充描述的非限制性定语从句。
b) The documentary, which I watched last night, was very informative.(我昨晚看的这部纪录片非常有启发。
)这个例子中,“which”引导了一个对“the documentary”进行补充描述的非限制性定语从句。
介词引导的定语从句介词引导的定语从句定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
在主句中充当定语成分。
被修饰的词叫先行词。
下面店铺为大家带来介词引导的定语从句,仅供参考,希望能够帮到大家。
介词引导的定语从句要掌握"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,我们要注意以下五点:1.某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
例如:This is the house in which I lived two years ago. →This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年以前住过的那间房子。
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? →Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?2. “介词+ which / whom ”构成的定语从句。
介词后只能用which / whom,不用who / that,但当介词放在后面时,在限定性定语从句中,可用that代替which / whom,并且that可省略。
在非限定性定语从句中只能用关系代词which / whom。
例如:我向你请教的'那个问题现在已经解决了。
【误】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. (错)【正】The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. (对)【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved. (对)3. “名词+ 介词+which / whom”引导的定语从句。
定语从句(教师版)关系副词when, where, why介词+whom/which引导的定语从句一、基本概念1. 定语从句除可用关系代词引导外,还可用关系副词when_, _where__与why来引导。
2. 它们的区别是:when用于指时间_,相当于in/ at/ on/ during which, where用于指地点,相当于in/ at/ from which, why用于指原因, 相当于for which。
3. 关系副词在定语从句中代替先行词作状_语,不可省略,有时可以用介词+which 代替。
二、基本用法1. 关系副词when关系副词和where的先行词是表示时间(如the day(s), the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词,而关系副词why的先行词通常只是for the reason(s)。
另外,when 和where 可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why _则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
★用适当的关系副词填空①I will remember the day when I left my hometown forever. (作时间状语=on which)②This is the place where he works. (作地点_状语= in which_)③He told me the reason why he was late again. (作原因状语= for which )2. 注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式,这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。
关系代词前该选用什么样的介词,要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。
一.介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。
( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。
( in the play )The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认,并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。
( be trained for the job )2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁?( shake hands with sb. )Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月,东南亚的部分地区发生洪水,人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。
介词+关系代词及关系副词的用法一、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体,使用的关系代词一般是which/whom,它既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
1. “介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本原则:“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人),即:介词+which/ whom。
(1). 当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,关系代词不能省略。
(2). 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(物),that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
This is the hero (that/ who/ whom) we are proud of. 这就是我们以之为豪的英雄。
2. “介词+关系代词”具体形式及其句法功能(1). “介词+ which”在关系分句中分别可作时间、地点和原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when, where 和why。
①I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
②The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。
③This is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。
(2). “介词+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在关系分句中作地点状语,表示存在关系,关系分句主谓常须倒装。
①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍,前边坐着一个小男孩。
关于定语从句中by which的解释1. 定语从句是英语中用来修饰名词的一种句子结构。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,并且起到进一步说明或限定名词的作用。
其中,关系代词"which"在定语从句中经常使用,并且可以与介词"by"连用构成"by which"结构。
2. "by which"结构在定语从句中表示"被...通过"或"通过...方式"的意思。
它使得定语从句更加具体,可以进一步描述或解释名词前面的动作、过程或方式。
3. "by which"结构通常出现在限定性定语从句中,它与先行词之间具有紧密的逻辑关系,不能省略。
而在非限定性定语从句中,我们通常使用"which"引导,不需要使用"by"。
4. 下面是一个例句,以帮助更好地理解"by which"的用法:- The new technology, by which information can be transmitted instantly, has greatly improved communication.(通过这种新技术,信息可以瞬间传输,这极大地改善了通信。
)在这个例句中,"by which"引导的定语从句进一步解释了先行词"technology"的特点,即通过这种技术,信息可以瞬间传输。
5. 另外,"by which"结构的位置可以灵活变化,可以放在定语从句的开始、中间或结尾,取决于表达的重点或句子的流畅度。
"by which"是定语从句中常用的短语,用来进一步描述或解释名词前面的动作、过程或方式。
通过特定的语法结构,它使得句子更加具体、清晰,有助于读者更好地理解所表达的意思。
介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句
1.在“介词+which/whom”结构中,关系代词用which 还是用whom ,取决于它前面的先行词是物还是人。
先行词是物,用which ;若为人,就用whom 。
如:
(1)Nearby were two ships in which they had come to the island.
(2)I can’t remember the name of the person to whom I gave the money. 2.这一结构用什么介词取决于先行词的意义和定语从句中谓语动词结构及“介词+which/whom”在句中的作用。
(3)This is the room in which we lived last year.
(4)There were three people from whom we attempted to find out
information.
3.因为含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
此种情况下关系代词可用which, that , who, whom ,或将他们省略。
(5)Is this the book (which/that ) she was looking for
(6)The babies (whom /who/that) the nurse are looking after are very
healthy.
4.表示地点、时间和原因含义的“介词+which”结构可分别用关系副词where, when 和why 替换。
(7)The earth on which /where we live is a planet.
(8)I’ll never forget the day on which /when I joined the Leag ue.
(9)Is there any reason for which /why you should have a holiday 5.Of which可以代替whose 用来指物,其词序一般为“名词+ of which”
(10)They live in a house whose door/the door of which opens to the
north.
(11)He has written a book whose name /the name of which I’ve
completely forgotten.
6.“复杂介词 in front of, at the back of , on the top of, in the middle of 等+ which”结构可引导非限制性定语从句。
(12)He works in a factory, in front of which there is a river.
(13)In the evening we arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there
was a temple.
7.“介词+which/ whom”结构中的which 和 whom 不能替换为that,因为that 不能做介词宾语。
如果用that ,介词必须反复到从句有关动词的后面
去。
(14)The room that/which he lives in is a small one.
(15)The room in which he lives is a small one.
8.在有定语从句的句子里,先行词way 后常用that 代替in which, 也可把that 省略。
(16)I really don’t like the way (that/ in which ) he talks.
(17) Do it the way I showed you.
带介词的定语从句翻译练习15句
1.The girl for whom you bought the dress is in the hospital.
2.The professor with whom you talked just now is in the office.
3.The ice on which you skate must be very hard.
4.The town around which I will show you is very beautiful.
5.The satellite for which the rocket is built will be sent into space.
6.The photos in which we found some information are kept in his box.
7.The country from which this news is coming from is very rich.
8.This is the river from which the electricity is made.
9.This is the pilot from whom I got the pictures.
10.The room in which we took pictures are dusty.
11.There is a train by which you can go to Beijing.
12.There is no way in which you can solve the problem.
13.They went to the library from which they borrowed a lot of books.
14.We carefully examined the photo, in which we could see the sadness of
the actor.
15.The balloon in which we travelled was filled with hot air.。