possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental2021 级高校英语四级模拟试卷（2021.11.21）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: T he I mportance o f k eeping A G ood M ood. Y ou s hould w rite a t l east 120 w ords according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是非常重要的3. 我的观点和缘由Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: I n t his p art, y ou w ill h ave 15 m inutes t o g o o ver t he p assage q uickly a nd answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, m arkY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For q uestions 8-10, c omplete t he s entences w ith t he i nformation g iven i n t he passage. Gulf Wracked By Katrina's Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons, MoldA month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region; contamination(污染). Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and Protection Agency (EPA) s ays.The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back.I don't think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint, said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region.Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrina's polluted floodwaters.Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coli bacteria, oil andgas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantities of arsenic.The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge(淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers e very s urface that was flooded, from cars a nd n ow-dead lawns to t he e ntire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools.When p eople c ome b ack, t hey a re e xposed t o t he s ediment, s aid W ilma S ubra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. It's in their yards and h ouses. Old Pollution ResurfacingPlaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane R ita. Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge, Subra2021级大学英语四级模拟试卷reported.1Much o f t he s ludge i n P laquemines i s t he p roduct o f n earby b ayous a nd b ay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina's and Rita's storm surges.The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana.These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades, she said. This material h as t oxic c hemicals, metals, and o rganic p etrochemicals(石化产品). Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills have occurred in southern Louisiana, t otaling 7.4 m illion g allons (28 m illion l iters) o f o il, m ost o f w hich h as b een contained.Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality.The sewage treatment plants were underwater, he explained. Between the animal waste and the human waste, you've got a lot of bacteria.Protection KitsHealth a nd e nvironmental a gencies a re a dvising p eople t o a void c ontact w ith t he sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs.EPA officials are directing people to its Web site () to inform themselves ofthe contamination risks.But most people returning to the area don't have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council,an environmental a dvocacy group. If you [do] read the Web site, he added, you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it.To b etter i nform p eople o f h ealth r isks, t he S outhern M utual H elp A ssociation a nd Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit.Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles(风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with i nformation about potential h azards, Volunteers would g ive out t he kits a tthe security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities.The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana.The g overnor i s r eally i n f avor o f t his, S ubra s aid. W e j ust h ave t o d etermine h owwe're going to fund them.Toxic Mold BloomsIn addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many f looded h omes. T he m old i s g rowing e verywhere-homes a re j ust c oated w ith i t, Subra said.The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals shouldbe hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square m e t e H r e)r,teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. they urged. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Those [surfaces] that can't be cleaned need to be removed, said Steven R e B d r d i,g g c s h i e e x f p l a i n e d.Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on uncleanof the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Control and Prevention (CDC). m D a i t s e e r a i s a e ls, as may happen when cleaning deb T r h i e s.rudimentary根(本的) living conditions in many Kat-r s i t n r a u ck areas make it more likely that people will get sickThe effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, wh呼er吸e respi a r n a d to i r n y j(ured, Briggs said.的 ) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting.2They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning, she said. There a collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.B riggs and other doctors in the area have been treatingWe're seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold, said Richard Paat m,an t y ea c m ases of diarrhea, rashes, and-re u s p p p i e r r atory illnesses.leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. And mouth sores from the bad water.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have c o n t r C a D c C t.e d B u t it's too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a famCiDlCy'sofRoebuck said.We're looking at that question, he said. We'd like to know the bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious i l l n e a s n s s,w e e r s.p e c i a l l yin people with compromised immune systems.To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections.1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.People had open wound and walked through floodwater with sewage in it, CDC 2. Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage. spokesperson Von Roebuck said. And these folks were having these wounds infec3t.edPlaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxic sediment that it waswith Vibrio.Disaster Response Care two weeks ago.4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge by health andThis is a highly contaminated area, said Susan Briggs, the physician o v e r e s n e v e i i r n o g n m e n t a l agencies.FEMA's disast-erresponse medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama. 5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing aprogram to sell every returning resident a protective kit.6. The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is special.7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growing everywhere.8. To date, six people have died from .9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get .10. All of these conditions are to be expected after .Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A3Directions: I n t his s ection, t here i s a p assage w ith t en b lanks. Y ou a re r equired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each afraid to ask someone for a date.Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. Our whole 48 is designed to make people distrust themselves, says Alberti. There's always ' 49 ' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(减弱) away at your self-image.But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people 50 themselves. They 51 assertiveness training courses-At for short. In the AT courses p eople l earn t hat t hey h ave a r ight t o b e t hemselves. T hey l earn t o s peak o ut and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more 52 without hurting other people.In one way. learning to speak out is to 53 fear. A g roup t aking a c ourse w ill help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger 54 -the need t o s hare. T he timid p erson s peaks o ut in t he g roup b ecause he wants t o t ell h ow he feels.Whether o r n ot y ou s peak u p f or y ourself d epends o n y our s elf-image. I f s omeone you face is more important than you, you may feel less of a person. You start toitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of 55 your own good sense.the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated 47 ? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are youYou go by the other person's 56 . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.[A] doubt [I] peace[B] active [J] demand[C] system [K] ask[D] offer [L] superior[E] unfairly [M] overcome[F] unfortunately [N] confidence[G] motive [O] roar[H] imageSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩4猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies e xcept t heir f aces, f eet, a nd h ands. T heir h ands e ach h ave f our f ingers a nd a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree.These a nimals l ive i n s mall f amily g roups t hat m ove f rom p lace t o p lace i n s earch o f vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.There are some differences among the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never m ore t han t hree f eet h igh and w eight o nly about f ourteen p ounds. The g orilla grows to be six feet tall and weigh up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weigh up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees a re t he s martest o f a ll a pes. T hey c an b e t aught t o s it a t a t able a nd eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do.57. What does the first paragraph tell us?[A] The ape looks like human beings most.[B] People and the ape think alike.[C] People and the ape behave alike.[D] The ape is the most intellectual animal in the world.58. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?[A] All apes are brown or black.[B] All parts of apes' bodies are covered with hair.[C] Apes have weak legs but very strong arms.[D] Apes' arms are strong enough to swim.59. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because .[A] They like to live in small family groups[B] They like to move from place to place in search of more food[C] They like to eat eggs, small animals, nuts and insects[D] It rains too often in the deep forests60. Among the three kinds of apes, .[A] the gorilla is the biggest[B] the gibbon is only three feet high but it is heavier than the orangutan[C] the orangutan is smaller than the gorilla and cleverer than the gibbon[D] the orangutan can stand up to a great height, but others cannot61. The last paragraph tells us that .[A] chimpanzees can do better than human children[B] chimpanzees can do many things that human children cannot do[C] human children can do many things that chimpanzees cannot do[D] the intelligence of chimpanzees is similar to that of human children5Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Videodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3~21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded(进展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable(孜孜不倦的) consistency o n t he p art o f t he t eacher i s f requently n ecessary. Interactive videodisc c ourseware h as c haracteristics t hat c an b e c apitalized u pon t o m eet t he challenges t hat s pecial e ducation p oses. A v ideodisc p rogram i s i nfinitely p atient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc adds an extradimension of realism for children who need graphic representations.Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative(比方的)language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted bynon-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners. 62. The special education mentioned in the text is mainly concerned with.[A] genius students from day-care centers to colleges[B] students who are fond of computer video games[C] teachers of language in the University of Arizona[D] students who are either mentally or physically disabled63. A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because .[A] its fancy design is very attractive[B] it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudy[C] the content of it is healthy and promising[D] it is developed by university professors64. According to Professor Healey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps .[A] need graphic representations in order to understand higher-order language concepts[B] are g ood a t s tudying E nglish i dioms b ut o ften f ail t o g rasp h igher-orderlanguage concepts[C] are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand the world concepts[D] tend t o b e deaf a s well and have difficulty learning the simple concept b eforeand after65. The best phrase that summarizes the main idea of the text is .6[A] handicapped students and their problems[B] videodisc and special e ducation[C] computer assisted teaching p rograms[D] normal children and handicapped kids66. The word impairment (Line 2, Para. 1) probably means .[A] habit[B] disability[C] misconception[D] beliefPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there areexperience for everyone who might be 86 . four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Many p eople w rongly b elieve t hat w hen p eople r each o ld a ge, t heir f amilies p lacethem in nursing homes. They are left in the 67 of strangers for the rest oftheir lives. Their 68 children visit them onlyoccasionally, but more often, they do not have any 69visitors. The truth is that this idea is an unfortunate myth-an70 story. In fact, family members provide over 80 percent of the care71 elderly people need. Samuel Preston, a sociologist, studied 72the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the 73American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children.74 , because people today live longer after an illness than people did years75 , family members must provide long term care. More psychologists havefound that all caregivers 76 a common characteristic: All caregivers believethat they are the best 77 for the job. In other words, they all felt that they78 do the job better than anyone else. Social workers 79 caregiversto find out why they took 80 the responsibility of caring for an elderlyrelative. Many caregivers believed they had 81 to help their relative. Somestated that helping others 82 them feel more useful. Others hoped that byhelping 83 now, t hey would d eserve care w hen they b ecame old and 84. Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a 85 satisfying67. [A] hands [B] arms [C] bodies [D] homes68. [A] growing [B] grown [C] grow [D] grows69. [A] constant [B] lasting [C] regular [D] normal70. [A] imaginary [B] imaginable [C] imaginative [D] imagery71. [A] that [B] this [C] those [D] these72. [A] when [B] how [C] what [D] where73. [A] common [B] ordinary [C] standard [D] average74. [A] Still [B] However [C] Moreover [D] Whereas75. [A] before [B] ago [C] later [D] lately76. [A] share [B] enjoy [C] divide [D] consent77. [A] person [B] people [C] character [D] man78. [A] would [B] will [C] could [D] can 779. [A] questioned [B] interviewed [C] inquired [D] interrogate80. [A] in [B] up [C] on [D] off81. [A] admiration [B] initiative [C] necessity [D] obligation82. [A] cause [B] enable [C] make [D] get83. [A] someone [B] anyone [C] everyone [D] anybody84. [A] elderly [B] dependent [C] d ependable [D] independent85. [A] similarly [B] differently [C] mutually [D] certainly86. [A] involved [B] excluded [C] included [D] consideredPart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. (幸亏遇到一位好心的出租车司机), Amy arrived at the test room in time.88. (这是一个生死攸关的问题) and therefore we must pay more attention to it.89. The problem of internet crime (近些年来引起了广泛关注).90. The computer isn't working properly; (确定有什么地方出了毛病).91. (应当留意的是) that pollution has become one of the thorniest problems in many big cities.8姓名学号学院答题卡89Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Part VI Translation87. 88. 89. 90. 91.Part I Writing910Part I WritingThe Importance of Keeping A Good MoodIn today's increasingly competitive world it is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards life. To put it in a metaphor, keeping a good mood is a foundation upon which our life is built.Keeping a good mood is important because it can help us solve various problems in life. The following two situations can enable us to clearly see how a positive attitude helps us cope with unpleasant things. Take English learning for example. In our effort to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. From one perspective mistakes are annoying, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only through makingmistakes c an a learner be expected to make p rogress. Sometimes one may come down w ith a s erious c old, f eeling d epressed. B ut a c hange i n a ttitude w ill e nable u s t o look at the matter from a positive perspective. The illness may teach us the importance of health.As we c an s ee, k eeping a g ood m ood c an h elp u s t o d eal with mistakes i n t he r ight way and find comfort in time of sorrow. Its importance cannot be denied.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. Y 通读全文后，即可发觉本文描写了新奥尔良被“卡特利娜”飓风攻击后的景象，可知题干表述正确。
