笔译chapter2答案

2023年11月英语二级笔译真题【英译汉】【Passage 1】Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and women’s empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.This is a st rategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments, conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s c ommitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields of work.UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners.This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.【英译汉】【Passage 2】When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already underway.The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision-makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations, and regions.2023年11月英语二级笔译真题参考答案【英译汉】【Passage 1】性别平等不仅是一项基本的人权，也是建设一个和平、繁荣、可持续的世界所必需的基础。

20121111CATTI二级笔译第2篇英译汉试题+答案+解析[原创]详见/Item/16803.aspx原文The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.)The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves field and satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago.II参考译文1.参考译文1来源于/thread-3069399-1-1.html#1017726-tieba-1-70529-13b86649721407872d4252e6b3d972b a格林兰岛被广袤的原始冰层所笼罩，飞行员曾将冰层误认为地平线上隆起的云堤迎头相撞。

CATTI二级笔译历年真题以及答案英汉翻译八大注意事项陈炳发全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语专家委员会委员有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作，我发现，一些考生翻译水平还是不错的，但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解，不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题，因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。

以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”，可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。

一、数字关于数字用法的问题，国家主管部门已有具体规定，各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。

有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。

一般的规定是，对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值，无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字，译文一般用阿拉伯数字。

例如：原文“654,321,000”，译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。

原文“fifty million”，可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”，或“50百万”。

对于万以上数字，中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”，可译为“5亿”。

原文“five trucks”，可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”，可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”，可译为“5个百分点”。

原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的，除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外，译文用汉字。

例如：原文“Chapter II”，可译为“第二章”，不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”，可译为“二十四国委员会”，不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”，可译为“第六十四届会议”，不能译为“第64届会议”。

在原文中，数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句，以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况，则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十，如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中，可以用汉字，但要照顾到上下文，以便求得局部体例上的一致。

英语翻译二级笔译实务真题2018年11月及答案解析(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it´s always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New rese arch shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve a s “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence onparents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects.”Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. People also like to be near their phones: A 2013 survey cited by the Hungarian team. Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re no t talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.________下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat gaginst environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries. But some argue that it´s a vague idea, some organizations may use it in it´s own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs,habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country´s economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state forarmaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.________上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.Part A Compulsory Translation第3题人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的重要组成部分。

Passage 1Einstein remarked, “Asking questions is more important than solving one problem because solving a problem may only involve skills in math or experiments. However, raising new questions and new possibilities, or regarding old problems form new an gle, requires creative imagination and marks real advances in science.” He further said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited, but imagination encircles the world and serves as the driving force for progress. Imagination is t he foundation of evolution of knowledge.”Here is a funny story. A teacher asks his class, “There were ten birds perched in a tree. If a hunter shoots one bird then how many would be left?” Many students answered, “Nine birds.” The clever ones replied, “There would be none.”However, one child thought about it in another way and asked, “Did the hunter use a pistol with a silencer?”“No.”“How noisy was the shot?”“In the range of 80—100 decibel.”“Was it legal to shoot birds in the city?”“Yes.”“So you are sure the bird was killed?”“Yes.” The teacher began to lose patience.“Okay. Were there any deaf birds among them?”“No.”“Were there any caged birds?”“No.”“Were there any other trees beside it? Were there any other birds in the tree?”“No.”“Were the re any birds that were crippled or birds so starved that they could no longer fly?”“No.”“Were the any eggs yet to be hatched?”“No.”The student continued to ask a dozen more questions and then replied with great confidence. “If your answers are 100 pe rcent true and the dead bird is still in the tree, then there would be one bird left. If the dead bird fell from the tree, then there would be none in the tree.”The teacher, used to standard answers, fainted.Passage 2Since ancient times the Chinese nationalities have never considered human beings to be superior to other species. As is reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art, in the natural world human beings occupy a reasonable position in proportion to all other creatures and the former do not absolutely dominate the latter. Therefore, generally speaking, we Chinese feel depressed less often and less severely than people in the west, for the intensity of one’s depression literally varies with the magnitude ofone’s desire and ambition. As pe ople in an agricultural society enjoy much fewer comforts than those in an industrial society, they have fewer desires or wishes. Moreover, ancient Chinese always took it as their most fundamental philosophy of life that one should not merely be confined to material pursuits, or be kept in bondage by material things.Passage 3Just beside the splendid picture, a herd of sheep are gazing with bent heads by the riverside. However, hardly any of them cares to look up and throw a glance at the beautiful twilight. Perhaps they are using the last moment for another chew before going home. This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River. The shepherd, who is nowhere to be seen, is having a rest in an unknown place, leaving these living things to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom. Here the water is so fresh and the grass so tender that all of them are well-fed and chubby. If you approach them, you will see their snow-white teeth as well as their rich innocent expressions.Passage 4I think everyone, in fact, has a little garden of his own, that is our inner world. Human intelligence needs developing, so does the inner world. What distinguishes human beings from animals, besides the various aspects which are universally known, may probably be in that human beings have an inner world. Heart is only an important organ, but the inner world constitutes a landscape, which takes shape under the continuous influence from the outside world. Everyone is so concerned about the physical condition of his own heart or those of his closest and dearest ones that merely a minor disease would make him worry all day long. However, not everyone does so regarding that inner world.Passage 5Cell phones have altered human relations. Usually there will be a note on the door of a conference room, which reads “Please turn off your cellphone”. However, cellphone rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and rarely have things of great urgency to do. But usually we won’t turn off the phon e. Cell phone at work symbolize our connection with the world and reflect our “thirst for social contact”. We are familiar with the scene that when a person stops his steps to edit short messages, he would keep his eyes glued to his phone, disregarding whether it is in the center of a road or beside a restroom.Passage 6At age of 20, we have to live up to our parents’ and teachers’ expectations. We are under great pressure, and we are immature and incompetent, being unable to walk steadily.After 20, we stay away from the pressure and relieve the burden, and begin to pursue our own dreams. We live happily like this for 20 years. But when we reach 40,we find our prime years pass us by, leaving us with many regrets. We begin to feel sorry for ourselves, grumbling and grudging. We spend the next 20 years complaining.When we are 60, we find not much time left with us. We then tell ourselves to stop complaining, and to cherish what we are left with! We spend our remaining days silently.It occurs to us only at the end of life that there are many things we have not got around to! All our dreams lie rest in our twenties, and we have never got around to them ever since.Faced with this cruel reality, we just do what we are supposed to do at each stage of life and cherish every moment in our life.Passage 7There are two kinds of people in the world. Some tend to make things complicated while others try to make things simple.Actually, a shift of framework of mind in many cases, will make things much easier.If an elevator breaks down, what would you do? Make a call? Call the police? Try to force the lock? Climb the cable? Try your best to slow your breathing? The easiest way is to call the emergency and wait. You don’t have to rescue yourself. The more you try to do, the more trouble you are making for those who will try to save you.We now see the relationship between the simple and complicated. The simple lies in the complicated and complicated are simple matters. Difficulties in life will be solved once we change our way of thinking.The key is way of thinking and doing. Facing difficulties squarely and working them through help to win.Passage 8Don’t expect to show your temper if you want to survive in the world.No temper if you want to survive. It’s no use to be bad-tempered in your work. Your boss only identifies your work and studying. Your temper will only make a mess.Living in a post-industrial society, communication and understanding is a worldwide topic. People hurt and are hurt because of their own persistence. What we can do and what we should do is not to make more wounds but to fill in the gaps between people. Sweet words make one’s heart warm while evil words hurt badly. If we can be tolerant, we will bring about good results. When you open a window for others, you will also see a bigger sky.Passage 9An expedition was stranded all the South Pole and had to wait for rescuers.Unfortunately, this was the season of polar nights. Polar nights are nights lasting more than 24 hours and can last weeks at a time. Although the expedition and sufficient food and necessities, the icy lands and isolation form human world, combined with loneliness and waiting bored the explorers. There was fear they all would go crazy.A miserable thing finally happened. Someone did go crazy and he happened to be the doctor of the expedition. He could not eat or sleep, and became depressed as ice. The whole expedition was really worried. They were anxious to help him but could not find a way to do so.Gradually, they found that he was better when someone talked to him. If someone told a fascinating story, he would have an active expression. They thought of a solution—everyone would take turns telling a story to him. While one person was telling a story, the others would make uup stories for him.Everyone used his or her greatest imagination and creativity in order to help relieve his illness. They not only composed a lot of stories but also told them in marvelous ways.With the treatment of the beautiful stories, the patient did not worsen. At last, he came through the long polar nights and along with the others, waited for rescue.Then, something unexpected became clear. The doctor was not ill at all! He was clear about the situation and feared the others might break down. He was witty and went “crazy” first.Passage 10The really tough people never show their feelings and intentions. They are never worried and never act surprised when facing difficulties and challenges. Arrogant people are always feeling uneasy.We must train ourselves to be brave and careful, feeling easy when facing difficulties and challenges. We should not be afraid of them. Instead, we should analyze them and find the key of breakthrough. Even if we are certain of success, we cannot show contempt for the enemy, much less attack them. In this way, we could be defeated.Remember that the toughest person is not the arrogant one. The master hands are silent. For example, when someone becomes a brand himself, he doesn’t have to wear famous brand clothes.Ther efore, don’t show contempt to those silent people. You are not the toughest one. Behind an able man there are always other able men. There are many “master hands” beside you.Passage 11Chinese people don’t take “endurance” as misfortune in the family sy stem. Instead, they have always admired it.The word of “100 Endurance” has entered the proverbs for virtue. On the eve ofSpring Festival, it is written on red paper and put onto the door. Such words include “Harmony brings wealth” and “Endurance is a family lesson” etc. If family system still exists and individual values are not important in a society and a perfect person is regarded as existing in a harmonious social relation, then it is understandable why endurance is considered as a lofty virtue. One must grow up within such a social system. Endurance has its reason of existing in society.The spirit of endurance is portrayed in many forms, such as “Win the whole battle while losing just one soldier”, “Escape is the best of the 36 strategies”, “Even a t rue man chooses to avoid an immediate and unfavorable confrontation”, and “To step back one step is to win a broader sky” etc. The attitude of endurance is immersed into the human nature of Chinese people.Such a conclusion attribute to the Chinese deep observation of life and experience of vicissitudes of life.Passage 12There is an interesting story. There was a calligrapher who had great mastery of calligraphy and he never wrote casually for people. One day some people thought of an idea as they oculd not get his writings. They had some illiterate old ladies ask him to write a note “Bu Ke Sui Chu Xiao Bian” (which means “No Urinating”), which would be glued onto the wall. The charitable and generous calligrapher agreed to do so. But these people arrange d the words into a different order: “Xiao Chu Bu Ke Sui Bian” (which means “One cannot be too careless for small mistakes”) so as to gain a precious scroll of calligraphy.Yes, one cannot be too careless for small mistakes. This is something we should remember.Big wrongdoings develop from small mistakes. We know that King Zhou was not born to be ferocious. He became extravagant and dissipated gradually. It’s easy to lead an extravagant life while it’s difficult to lead back to a simple life. Therefore, we should take right steps in our life instead of making small mistakes just because they are small. As we know, a dam of a thousand miles can burst with ant holes.Passage 13It is very important to be enlightened in Chinese Buddhism and Taoism.Nature is “sudden enlightenment.” It takes longer or shorter time, but it needs practicing and it is up to sudden enlightenment. If you ask when you will be able to be enlightened, it means you still have not been enlightened as you are too eager.Moreover, some people will never be enlightened. This means not everyone can be enlightened. If someone is enlightened, he is very lucky.Confucius says, “Be enlightened in the morning as one may die in the evening without regret.”So studying is a natural thing. You cannot ask too much. Nor can you be too eager.Doing things is the same. Some people may not learn or do anything in their lives.That’s because they are too eager. If you go too fast, lit means you may have missed a lot on the way. Without knowing your destination, you are easily led astray.Passage 14Gold is something many people want to obtain. However, if you only focus on gold, you might ignore our surroundings and not see potential crisis. Keep this in mind—temptation can be linked with danger.Don’t str uggle with temptation. You should stay far away from temptations. If you are blinded by temptation, you might pay a bitter price for it. For example, in trying to grasp the gold, we may fall off the cliff.Therefore, we should understand that there are things we may long for while there are thing we shouldn’t long for. Even if there is quite a lot of gold and more worthy gaining, we should cherish our lives when it is compared with life.Two hundred years ago, an English man went to America. Before going, he had heard that America was full of gold. By coincidence when he first stepped on Americans oil, he caught a glimpse of a gold bar but he kicked it off because he knew that the more important thing was ahead of him.Sometimes, something that looks worthy might not be very important. Whether you can obtain more important things is up to your ability to resist temptation.。

二级英语笔译考试答案1. 将下列句子从英语翻译成中文：- "The rapid development of technology has changed our lives in many ways."- "In the past, people had to rely on letters to communicate with each other."- "Nowadays, with the help of the internet, we can instantly connect with people around the world."2. 将下列句子从中文翻译成英语：- "随着科技的飞速发展，我们的生活在很多方面都发生了变化。

" - "过去，人们不得不依靠信件来互相交流。

"- "如今，借助互联网的帮助，我们可以立即与世界各地的人建立联系。

"3. 阅读以下段落，并将其翻译成中文："The advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives. From the way we communicate to how we work, technology has made it possible to accomplish tasks more efficiently. For instance, smartphones have become an essential part of our lives, allowing us to stay connected with friends and family, access information, and even perform financial transactions withjust a few taps on the screen."4. 阅读以下段落，并将其翻译成英语："科技的进步给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。

2016年5月英语二级笔译真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 whe n she realizedthat her passport was miss ing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall ' s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage toKe nya: waitress ing, doing secretarial work, temp ing at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England ' southern coast. Now all this was for n aught, it seemed.It ' s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her liferather conseque—ial as they have turned out to be to con servati on, to scie nee, to our sense of ourselves as a species—might have un folded differe ntly had some one not found her passport, along with an it in erary from Cook ' s, the travel age ncy, folded in side, and delivered it to theCook' s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock.“In credible, ” Goodall told me last mon th, recalli ng that day. “ Amazi ng.With in two mon ths of her arrival, Goodall met the pale on tologist Louis Leakey——Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days ——and he immediately offered her a job at the n atural-history museum where he was curator. He spe nt much of the n ext three years test ing her capacity for repetitive work.He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpa nzees share an evoluti onary an cestor. Close study of chimpa nzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us someth ing about that com mon proge nitor. He was, in other words, look ing for some one to live among Africa ' s wild an imals. One ni ght, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpa nzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tangany ika (now Tanzani a).In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over thewarm, deep waters of Lake Tangany ika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extract ing in sects from atermite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered huma nity ' understa nding of itself; man was no Ion ger the n atural world ' s only user of tools.After two and a half decades of liv ing out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scie ntist to con servati oni st.Passage 2Scien tists have found the first evide nee that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as rece ntly as last summer, a paper published on Mon day showed, rais ing the possibility that the pla net could support life.Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will cha nge scie ntists ' thinking about whether the pla net that is most like Earth in the solar system could support prese nt day microbial life.The discovery was made whe n scie ntists developed a new tech nique to an alyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA s Mars Reconnaissanee Orbiter spacecraft.They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet region. s equatorial The slopes appear duri ng the warm summer mon ths on Mars, the n vanish whe n the temperatures drop. Scien tists suspected the streaks were cut by flow ing water, but previously had bee n un able to make the measureme nts.Mars Reconn aissa nce Orbiter makes its measureme nts duri ng the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated mi nerals, would have evaporated.Also, the chemical-se nsing in strume nt on the orbit ing spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the n arrow streaks, which typically are less tha n 16 feet wide.But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinizein dividual pixels. That data was the n correlated with high-resolutio n images of the streaks. Scie ntists concen trated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 perce nt match betwee n their locati ons and detect ions of hydrated salts.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Passage 1人口问题归根结底是发展问题。

20121111二级笔译实务中译英第2篇原文+参考答案详见烁烁英语试题原文作为远古人类留给我们的宝贵的文化遗产，岩画堪称是记载人类早期社会生活的百科全书，它不仅传承着源远流长的古代文明，也是史前人类文化、宗教、民俗以及原始艺术史的见证。

在世界上，中国岩画是诞生最早、分布最广、内容最丰富的国家之一，而贺兰山又是华夏土地上遗存最集中、题材最广泛、保存最完好的岩画地区之一。

在贺兰山腹地，共发现20余处遗存岩画，其中最具代表性的是贺兰山贺兰口岩画。

贺兰山岩画在山口内外分布着近6000幅岩画，其中罕为人见的人面像岩画就有70幅之多。

据考证，贺兰山口岩画是不同时期先后刻制的，大多为北方游牧民族创作.岩画造型粗犷稚拙、构图朴实自然，牛、马、驴、鹿、鸟、虎等动物栩栩如生，各种人头的造型同样是千奇百态。

凭着自己对社会现实的理解与感悟，对美好生活的追求与向往，把自己的亲身感受与体验，忠实地记录在岩石之上，同时也为后人留下了神秘瑰丽的贺兰山岩画。

有学者说贺兰口是史前人类凭借自然魅力打造的祭祀圣地，又有专家认为，贺兰口岩画是象形文字前的图画文字，在文字没有发明前，这里的人们艰难地把他们的理想、愿望、欢乐、悲伤，通过岩画的形式表现出来。

于是，在亘古不变的贺兰山上，写就了一部史前人类的“天书”。

参考译文As a precious cultural heritage left by ancient people, rock-painting can be said as an encyclopedia recording the early social lives of human, which not only transmits the ancient civilization with long times, but also serves a witness of the culture, religion, folk-custom and ancient artistic history of prehistory people.China is one of the countries whose rock-carvings boast the earliest creation, the widest distribution and the richest content in the world, while Helan Mountain is one of the regions whose rock-carvings boast the most concentrated distribution, the widest theme and the best preserved condition in China. In the depth/hinterland of Helan Mountain, more than 20 relic places with rock-paintings have been discovered, among which, the most representative ones are those at the mouth of Helan Mountain.There are some 6000 rock-paintings near the mouth of Helan Mountain, among which rare rock-paintings of human faces hits over 70. According to research and study, the rock-paintings at the mouth of Helan Mountain were carved during different periods, and most were created by nomad nationality in north China. These rock-paintings are characterized by rough and adorned sculpt, as well as simple and natural composition, of vivid animals such as cattle, horses, donkeys, deer and tigers, as well as human heads carrying thousands expressions. The rock-paintings are faithfully recorded by ancient people of their pursuits and aspirations for happy life in future as well as their personal experiences and feelings based on understanding and thoughts of then social reality, meanwhile leaving these mysterious and magnificent rock-painting heritages in Helan Mountain.Some scholars said that Helan Mountain are created by prehistory people as their sacrifice place by virtue of natural charm, while some held that rock-paintings here are drawing writings before pictographs, through which people take paints to express their ideals, wishes, happiness and sadness before the creation of characters. In this way, “Heaven Book” of prehistory people hasbeen written on the everlasting Helan Mountain.。

戏曲是中国传统的戏剧形式，综合了对白、音乐、歌唱、舞蹈、武术和杂技等多种表演方式。

它与希腊戏剧和印度梵剧并称世界最古老的戏剧形式。

中国戏曲的起源可追溯到原始社会的歌舞和宗教仪式，并经过漫长的发展和革新，才逐渐在宋元时期形成了比较完整成熟的艺术 体系。

据不完全统计，我国各地约有三百六十多种戏曲剧种，其中昆曲是现存最古老的剧种之一。

Chin ese Opera is the traditi onal form of Chin ese theatre, which comb inesdialogue, music, vocal performanee, dance, kung fu ( gong fu ) , acrobatics, and so on .It is one of the three oldest theatrical art forms in the world, togetherwith Greek Theatre and In dia n San skrit Opera. The origi n of it can be traced backto the singing and dancing and religious rituals in primitive times. But not un tilthe late So ng Dyn asty (960-1279 A.D.) and the early Yua n Dyn asty (1279-1368 A.D.)through a very long period of developme nt and reforms did Chin ese Opera form amature and complete artistic system. Accord ing to partial statistics, there areover 360 regi onal opera styles in Chi na, among which, Kunqu Opera is one of theoldest exta nt forms of Chin ese Opera.各地，成为了从十六世纪到十八世纪末中国影响最大的剧种, 的普遍欢迎。

2024年英语二级笔译（CATTI 2）实务真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation【原文】①Mortgage rates dropped again this week, after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6. 58 percent in the week ending November 23, down from 6. 61 percent the week before. A year ago, the 30-year fixed rate was 3. 10 percent. Mortgage rates rose throughout most of 2022, spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation. But last week, rates tumbled aimed reports that indicated ion may have finally reached its peak.This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know, when to get into the market, and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds. As investors see or anticipate rate hikes, they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise. The 10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of 3. 7 percent to 3. 85 percent. That has led to a big reset in investors expectations about future interest rate hikes. Prior to that, the 10-year Treasury had risen above 4. 2 percent. However, the market maybe be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.At the Fed's November meeting, chairman Jerome Powell to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation. This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again, and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side while it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity. Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022, the recent swing in buyers favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than Us s100 per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above 7 percent justtwo weeks ago.As a result of the drop in mortgage rates, both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week. But refinance activity is still more than 80 percent below last years pace when rates were around 3. However, with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high, many potential shoppers have pulled back. A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high, even as the number of homes on the market for sales has increased, and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging align expectations on price.【参考译文】①继上周大幅下降近半个百分点之后，本周抵押贷款利率再度走低。