湖南省六校2014届高三下学期4月联考理综物理试题 (word版)

湖南省六校2014届高三下学期4月联考数学（理）试题本试题卷包括选择题、填空题和解答题三部分。

时量120分钟，满分150分。

【试卷综析】本试题是一份高三测试的好题，涉及范围广，包括集合、正态分布、复数、函数、解三角形、、排列组合、导数、方程、定积分、线性规划、充要条件、三视图、程序框图、直线、倾斜角、数列、平面向量、双曲线、离心率、三角函数、概率、几何证明、不等式选讲、参数方程与极坐标等高考核心考点，又涉及了概率统计、三角向量、立体几何、解析几何、导数应用等必考解答题型。

本题难易程度涉及合理，梯度分明；既有考查基础知识的经典题目，又有考查能力的创新题目；从9,10,16等题能看到命题者在创新方面的努力，从17,18，19三题看出考基础，考规范；从20题可以看出考融合，考传统；从16,21两题可以看出，考拓展，考创新。

一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的） 1．复数z 满足()()211i z i -+=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则在复平面上复数z 对应的点所在的象限为A ．第一象限B ．第二象限C ．第三象限D ．第四象限【知识点】复数运算及其几何意义 【答案解析】D 由()()()2211111i i z i z i i +-+=+⇒==-+- 故选D【思路点拨】复数除法运算最好考出来，一定要掌握。

2．已知随机变量X 服从正态分布N （3，1），且P （l≤X≤5）=0．682 6，则P （X>5）= A ．0．158 8 B ．0．158 7 C ．0．158 6 D ．0．158 5【知识点】正态分布，概率。

【答案解析】B ()10.682650.15872P x ->== 【思路点拨】注意公式及对称性。

3．如图所示，程序框图（即算法流程图）运算的结果是 A ．5 B ．6 C ．7 D ．8 【知识点】程序框图，求和及周期性【答案解析】C 由12320S n =+++⋅⋅⋅+> 17n += 【思路点拨】一步步推导，弄清要的那个n 。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理综物理部分 （全国2—甲卷）二、选择题:本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求,第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分,有选错的得0分。

14．甲乙两汽车在一平直公路上同向行驶。

在t =0到t=t 1图像如图所示.在这段时间内 A ．汽车甲的平均速度比乙大B ．汽车乙的平均速度等于221v v + C ．甲乙两汽车的位移相同 D ．汽车甲的加速度大小逐渐减小，汽车乙的加速度大小逐渐增大【答案】A【解析】由于图线与坐标轴所夹的面积表示物体的位移,在0-t 1时间内，甲车的位移大于乙车，由x v t=可知,甲车的平均速度大于乙车，A 正确， C 错误；因为乙车做变减速运动故平均速度不等于122v v +，B 错误；又图线的切线的斜率等于物体的加速度,则甲乙两车的加速度均逐渐减小，选项D 错误。

15．取水平地面为重力势能零点。

一物块从某一高度水平抛出,在抛出点其动能与重力势能恰好相等。

不计空气阻力，该物块落地时的速度方向与水平方向的夹角为A ．6πB ．4πC ．3πD ．125π 【答案】 B【解析】设物体水平抛出的初速度为v 0,抛出时的高度为h ，则2012mv mgh =,故0v =直速度y v =0tan 1y y x v v v v θ===，则4πθ=，选项B 正确。

16．一物体静止在粗糙水平地面上，现用一大小为F 1的水平拉力拉动物体,经过一段时间后其速度变为v ，若将水平拉力的大小改为F 2,物体从静止开始经过同样的时间后速度变为2v ，对于上述两个过程,用1F W 、2F W 分别表示拉力F 1、F 2所做的功，1f W 、2f W 分别表示前后两次克服摩擦力所做的功，则A ．214F F W W >，212f f W W >B ．214F F W W >，122f f W W =C ．214F F W W <，122f f W W =D ．214F F W W <，212f f W W <【答案】C 【解析】由于物体两次受恒力作用做匀加速运动，由于时间相等，末速度之比为1:2，则加速度之比为1:2，位移之比为1:2。

湖南省2014届高三六校联考理科综合能力试题(含答案)时量：150分钟满分：300分本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，其中第Ⅱ卷第33—40题为选考题，其他题为必考题。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H～l C～12 O～16 Cu～64第I卷选择题（共126分）一、选择题（本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．下列关于细胞中化学元素和化合物说法错误的是A．活细胞中，数量最多的元素是HB．鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶数量越多的DNA分子越稳定C．氨基酸、多肽链和蛋白质一般都含有氨基和羧基D．构成淀粉、纤维素和糖原的单体都相同2．真核细胞中具有某些结构，能显著增大膜面积，有利于酶的附着以提高代谢效率。

下列不属于此类结构的是A．神经细胞的树突B．线粒体的嵴C．甲状腺细胞的内质网D．叶绿体的基粒3．利用麦芽酿造啤酒时，麦芽中多酚氧化酶（PPO）的作用会降低啤酒质量。

下图为不同pH和温度对PPO活性影响的曲线，有关叙述错误的是A．PPO催化多酚类物质的生化反应B．相同温度时，pH 7．8的酶促反应产物比pH 8．4的少C．在制备麦芽过程中应将反应条件控制在温度80℃、pH 8．4D．高于90℃，若PPO发生热变性，一定温度范围内温度越高变性越快4．下列关于细胞的生命历程的说法正确的是A．具有细胞结构的生物都有细胞分化现象B．人体衰老的红细胞自由水含量降低，细胞核体积增大C．人体中被病原体感染的细胞和衰老细胞的清除，都需要通过细胞凋亡实现D．细胞的癌变、衰老都是基因程序性突变的结果5．下列有关生物变异的叙述中，正确的是A．基因重组导致杂合子Aa自交后代出现性状分离B．三倍体西瓜、四倍体西瓜的培育原理是染色体畸变，它们与二倍体西瓜属同一物种C．基因重组和染色体结构变异都可能引起DNA碱基序列的改变D．花药离体培养过程中，基因重组、基因突变和染色体畸变均有可能发生6．科学家在细胞外液渗透压和钾离子浓度相同的条件下进行了用含有不同钠离子浓度的细胞外液对离体枪乌贼神经纤维电位变化影响的实验，结果如右图。

理科综合能力物理试题二、选择题（本题包括8小题。

在每小题的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个正确选项，有的小题有多个正确选项，全部选对得6分，选不全的得3分，多选或错选得0分，共48分）14．前不久，在温哥华冬奥运动会我国冰上运动健儿表现出色，取得了一个又一个骄人的成绩。

如图（甲）所示，滑雪运动员由斜坡高速向下滑行，其速度—时间图象如图（乙）所示，则由图象中AB 段曲线可知，运动员在此过程中（ ） A ．做曲线运动B ．机械能守恒C ．所受力的合力不断增大D ．平均速度2A Bv v v +>15．从地面以大小为v 1的初速度竖直向上抛出一个皮球，经过时间t皮球落回地面，落地时皮球的速度的大小为v 2。

已知皮球在运动过程中受到空气阻力的大小与速度的大小成正比，重力加速度大小为g 。

下面给出时间t 的四个表达式中只有一个是合理的。

你可能不会求解t ，但是你可以通过一定的物理分析，对下列表达式的合理性做出判断。

根据你的判断，你认为t 的合理表达式应为（ ）A ．12v v t g+=B ．12v v t g-=C ．12v v t g=D．t =16．2009年被确定为国际天文年，以此纪念伽利略首次用望远镜观测星空400周年。

从伽利略的“窥天”创举，到20世纪发射太空望远镜——天文卫星，天文学发生了巨大飞跃。

2009年5月14日，欧洲航天局又发射了两颗天文卫星，它们飞往距离地球约160万千米的第二拉格朗日点（图中L 2）。

L 2点处在太阳与地球连线的外侧，在太阳和地球的引力共同作用下，卫星在该点能与地球同步绕太阳运动（视为圆周运动），且时刻保持背对太阳和地球的姿势，不受太阳的干扰而进行天文观测。

不考虑其它星球影响，下列关于工作在L 2点的天文卫星的说法中正确的是 （ ） A ．它绕太阳运行的周期比地球绕太阳运行的周期大 B ．它绕太阳运行的角速度比地球绕太阳运行的角速度小 C ．它绕太阳运行的线速度与地球绕太阳运行的线速度相等D ．它绕太阳运行的向心加速度比地球绕太阳运行的向心加速度大17．北半球地磁场磁感应强度的竖直分量方向竖直向下。

湖南省2014届高三六校联考数学（理）试题本试题卷包括选择题、填空题和解答题三部分。

时量120分钟，满分150分。

一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．复数z满足（-1+i）z=（1+i）2，其中i为虚数单位，则在复平面上复数z对应的点所在的象限为A．第一象限B．第二象限C．第三象限D．第四象限2．已知随机变量X服从正态分布N（3，1），且P（l≤X≤5）=0．682 6，则P（X>5）= A．0．158 8 B．0．158 7 C．0．158 6 D．0．158 53．如图所示，程序框图（即算法流程图）运算的结果是A．5 B．6C．7 D．84．已知f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，且在（0，+∞）内有1 006个零点，则f（x）的零点共有A．1 006个B．1 007个C．2 012个D．2 013个5．在△ABC中内角A，B，C所对的边分别为a，b，c，若b= 2ccos A，c=2bcosA，则△ABC的形状为A．直角三角形B．锐角三角形C．等边三角形D．等腰直角三角形6．设{a n}是等比数列，则“a1<a2 <a4”是“数列{a n}是递增数列”的A．充分而不必要条件B．必要而不充分条件C．充分必要条件D．既不充分也不必要条件7．一个几何体的三视图如图所示，则该几何体的外接球的体积为A．B．12πC．D．8．用1，2，3，4，5，6组成数字不重复的六位数，满足1不在左右两端，2，4，6三个偶数中有且只有两个偶数相邻，则这样的六位数的个数为A．432 B．288C．216 D．1449．已知双曲线T ：22221x y a b +=（a ，b>0）的右焦点为F （2，0），且经过点R（3，0），△ABC的三个顶点都在双曲线T 上，O 为坐标原点，设△ABC 三条边AB ，BC ，AC 的中点分别为M ，N ，P ，且三条边所在直线的斜率分别为k 1，k 2，k 3，k 1≠0，i=1,2,3．若直线OM,ON ,OP 的斜率之和为-1．则123111k k k ++的值为 A ．-1B ．12-C ．1D ．1210．已知f （x ）是定义在（0，+∞）上的单调函数，且对任意的x ∈（0，+∞），都有f[f （x ）－1og 2x]=3，则方程f （x ）－f ′（x ）=2的解所在的区间是 A ．（0，12） B ．（12，1） C ．（1，2） D ．（2，3）二、填空题：本大题共6小题，考生作答5小题，每小题5分，共25分．把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上．（一）选做题（请考生在第11，12，13三题中任选两题作答，如果全做，则按前两题记分） 11．在极坐标系中，圆4cos ρθ=的圆心到直线ρsin 4πθ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭的距离为 ． 12．已知函数f （x ）=log 2（|x+l|+|x －2|－m ）．若关于x 的不等式f （x ）≥1的解集是R ，则m 的取值范围为 。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 关于细胞的叙述，错误的是A. 植物细胞的细胞连丝具有物资运输的作用B. 动物细胞间的粘着性细胞膜上的糖蛋白有关C. A TP水解释放的能量可用于细胞内的吸能反应D. 哺乳动物的细胞可以合成蔗糖，也可以合成乳糖2.同一动物个体的神经细胞与肌细胞在功能上是不同的，造成这种差异的主要原因是A.二者所处的细胞周期不同B. 二者合成的特定蛋白不同C. 二者所含有的基因组不同D. 二者核DNA的复制方式不同3.关于在正常情况下组织液生成与回流的叙述，错误的是A.生成与回流的组织液中氧气的含量相等B. 组织液不断生成与回流，并保持动态平衡C. 血浆中的有些物质经毛细血管动脉端进入组织液D. 组织液中的有些物质经毛细血管静脉端进入血液4.讲某植物花冠切成大小和形状相同的细条，分为a、b、c、d、e和f组（每组的细条数相等），取上述6组细条数分别置于不同浓度的蔗糖溶液中，浸泡相同时间后测量各组花冠细条的长度，结果如图所示。

假如蔗糖溶液与花冠细胞之间只有水分交换则A.试验后，a组液泡中的溶质浓度比b组的高B.浸泡导致f组细胞中液泡的失水量小于b组的C.A组细胞在蔗糖溶液中失水或吸水所耗ATP大于b组D.使细条在浸泡前后长度不变的蔗糖浓度介于0.4~0.5mol-L-1之间5.关于核酸的叙述，错误的是A.细胞核中发生的转录过程有RNA聚合酶的参与B.植物细胞的线粒体和叶绿素体中均可发生DNA的复制C.双链DNA分子中一条链上的磷酸和核糖是通过氨键链接的D.用甲基绿和吡罗红染色可观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布6.关于光合作用和呼吸作用的叙述，错误的是A.磷酸是光反应中合成A TP所需的反应物B.光合作用中叶绿素吸收光能不需要酶的参与C.人体在剧烈运动时所需要的能量由乳酸分解提供D.病毒核酸的复制需要宿主细胞的呼吸作用提供能量7.下列过程没有发生化学反应的是A.用活性炭去除冰箱中的异味B.用热碱水清除炊具上残留的污垢C.用浸泡过高锰酸钾溶液的硅藻土保鲜水果D.用含硅胶、铁粉的透气小袋与食品一起密封包装8.四联苯的一氯代物有A. 3种B. 4种C. 5种D. 6种9.下列反应中，反应后固体物质增重的是A.氢气通过灼热的CuO粉末B. 二氧化碳通过Na2O2粉末C. 铝与Fe2O3发生铝热反应D.将锌粒投入Cu（NO3）2溶液10.下列图示试验正确的是11.一定温度下，下列溶液的离子浓度关系式正确的是A. pH=5的H2S溶液中，c（H+）=c（HS-）=1×10-5mol·L-1B. pH=a的氨水溶液，稀释10倍后，其pH=b，则a=b+1C. pH=2的H2C2O4溶液与pH=12的NaOH溶液任意比例混合：O）c（Na+）+c（H+）=c（OH-）+c（HC24D. pH相同的①CH3COONa②NaHCO3③NaCIO三种溶液的c（Na+）：①>②>③12. 2013年3月我国科学家报道了如图所示的水溶液锂离子电池体系。

2024届三湘名校教育联盟高三下学期第二次大联考理综物理试题学校：_______ 班级：__________姓名：_______ 考号：__________（满分：100分时间：75分钟）总分栏题号一二三四五六七总分得分评卷人得分一、单项选择题（本题包含8小题，每小题4分，共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）(共8题)第(1)题对电场强度的定义式的理解，下列说法错误的是（ ）A．E和F成正比，E和q成反比B．q为试探电荷的电荷量C．如果q为正电荷，则E和F的方向相同D．E是电场本身的属性，和F、q无关第(2)题下列说法中正确的是（ ）A．振荡频率越低，振荡电路发射电磁波的本领越大B．达到热平衡的热力学系统具有相同的温度C．在电磁波谱中，最容易发生衍射现象的是γ射线D．电磁波在真空中传播时的电场强度E与磁感应强度B互相平行第(3)题一物体在时刻通过P点的速度大小为，加速度与速度方向相同，物体的加速度a随时间t的变化如图所示。

经物体运动到Q点。

在该过程中，下列判断正确的是（ ）A．与的平均速度相同B．与合外力的冲量相同C．与合外力做的功相同D．到达Q点的速度大小为第(4)题根据多普勒效应，我们知道当波源与观察者相互接近时，观察者接收到波的频率增大；反之，观察者接收到波的频率减小。

天文观测到某遥远星系所生成的光谱呈现“红移”，即谱线都向红色部分移动了一段距离，由此现象可知（ ）A．观察者接收到光波的波长增大，该星系正在靠近观察者B．观察者接收到光波的波长减小，该星系正在靠近观察者C．观察者接收到光波的波长增大，该星系正在远离观察者D．观察者接收到光波的波长减小，该星系正在远离观察者第(5)题无极灯是一种新型光源，与传统光源相比，它没有明显的电极。

它用高频发生器在灯内产生电磁场，使灯内气体电离，形成等离子体。

等离子体中受激后的原子返回基态时辐射出紫外线，激发灯泡内壁的荧光粉，产生可见光。

雅礼中学 2024届模拟试卷( 一 )物理参考答案一 、单选题(本题共 6 小题 , 每小题 4 分 , 共 24 分 , 在每小题给出的四个选项中 , 只有 一 项是符合题目 要求的)题号2 3 4 5答案CD B D CC1 . C 【解析】A. 核反应前后核子数量不变 , 但是核反应前后总质量要变化 , 出现质量亏损 , 故 A 错误;B. 衰变放出的 o e 是原子核中的 一 个中子转化为 一 个质子时放出的 一 个电子 , 故 B 错误 ;C. 由于放射性物质的放射性是原子核本身的性质 , 不会受环境影响 , 则通过高温烹煮后不能消除放射性 , 故 C 正确 ;D. 半衰期由原子核内部因素决定 , 与原子核所处的物理环境和化学状态无关 , 故 D 错误 。

故选C 。

2 . D 【解析】由图得速度和位移成正比 , 物体不是做匀 变速直线运动 。

AB. 随着位移增大 , 物体速度均 匀增大 , 所以相同 时间 内物体位移越来越大 , 速度变化量越来越大 , AB 错误 ; CD. 相同位移速度变化量相同 , 对同 一 物体 , 动量变化量相同 , 但动能变化量不 同 , 所以所受外力的冲量相同 , 做功不同 , C 错误 , D 正确 ;故选 D 。

3 . B 【解析】ABC. 由题可知 , 振幅 A = 20 cm , 频率 f= 0 . 5 Hz , 由图可知波的波长为 入 8 m , 波向右传播 , 该时刻 P 点的振动方向沿 y 轴负 方向 , Q 点的振动方向沿 y 轴正方向 , 故从该时刻开始计时 P 点的振动方程为20sin( rt+t ) cm故 t = 0 时 P 点的位移为 y = 1o,/2 cm 当 ti=0. 25 S 时 P 点的位移为 y ' = 0P 点到达平衡位置 , AC 错误 , B 正确 ;D. 从该时刻开始计时 , 质点 Q 从平衡位置向上振动 , 故质点 Q 的振动方程为 y = 20sin(xt) cm D 错误 。

湖南省2014届高三六校联考英语试题总分:150分时量:120分钟Part I Listening Comprehension （30 marks）Section A（22．5 marks）Directions: In this section, you' II hear six conversations between two speakers．For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C．Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question．You will hear each conversation TWICE．Conversation 1l．Where does the man play tennis?A．At the university．B．At the community center．C．At the club．2．How often does the woman swim?A．Once a week．B．Five times a week．C．Three times a week．Conversation 23．Whose photo are the speakers talking about?A．The woman's friends'．B．The woman's colleagues'．C．The woman's family's．4．What does Mary do?A．She is an accountant．B．She is a business woman．C．She is a lawyer．Conversation 35．What is the man doing?A．Preparing for a trip．B．Writing an article．C．Selling his articles．6．Where did the man go last month?A．Amazon．B．Asia．C．America．Conversation 47．Where is Rick working now?A．In a travel company．B．In a hotel．C．In a law office．8．How does Rick feel about his trip?A．Excited．B．Curious．C．Nervous．9．When will Rick probably leave?A．In three days．B．In a week．C．In a month．Conversation 510．What is the man worried about?A．His children's friends．B．His children's behaviors．C．His children's health．1l．What do we know about the man's children?A．They do their schoolwork till midnight．B．They are interested in computer games．C．They feel bored about pop music．12．How many children does the woman have?A. 2．B．3．c．4．Conversation 613．Which of the following is TRUE about the boy?A．He got an A in maths．B．He hasn't studied hard enough at history．C．He likes history．14．What can we learn about the boy's study of government?A．He has a new teacher．B．He has got a B in it．C．He finds it confusing．15．What is the boy's mother's attitude to his report card?A．She doesn't take it too hard．B．She doesn't excuse him．C．She thinks it very bad．Section B （7．5 marks）Directions: In．this section, you will hear a short passage, Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREF, WORDS．You'll hear the short passage TWICE．Part ⅡLanguage Knowledge （45 marks）Section A （15 marks）Directions．．For each of the following unfinished sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the one that best completes the sentence．Example:The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desertA．covering B．covered C．cover D．to coverThe answer is A．21．We the computer problem, and got back online to continue our research．A．have solved B．solve C．would solve D．solved22．Making a silly mistake at a job interview is sometimes very embarrassing, but i f ，it maybecome a driving force．A．properly handled B．properly handlingC．you properly handled D．you properly handling23．The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition．She seemed for it pretty well A．to prepare B．to have preparedC．having prepared D．preparing24．I first met Mr．Li three years ago．He had just returned from abroad and English in Senior One then．A．taught B．would teach C．was teaching D．had taught25．Only when at least 50% of our energy is provided by grain a balanced and healthy food consumption．A．we had B．did we have C．we have D．do we have26．The Beijing transport authority released the news buyers of green cars can now receive a maximum amount of 5700 yuan from the central government．A．when B．that C．if, D．which27．—How can you catch a taxi at home?—Don-t worry．I have opened an account on DiDi Dache．I for a taxi driver to pick me up here．A．was waiting B．have waited C．am waiting D．had waited 28．Mr．Jenkins wanted to buy a computer as soon as possible, he decided to shop around to see which shop had the best deal．A．While B．As C．When D．Once 29．Gertrude was upset when one of her cats overturned a glass of wine, a dot on her favorite carpet．A．leave B．left C．to leave D．leaving30．—What a heavy rain ?—Yes．I to take an umbrella with me, but I didn't ．A．had planned B．would plan C．have planned D．will plan31．—Mary doesn't mind lending you her e-dictionary．—She I have already borrowed Jane's．A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．shouldn't32．____ your support, I could have missed the first prize．A．Should it not be for B．Had it not been forC．If it had been for D．If it should be for33．Today is my grandfather's l00th birthday, an occasion we are going to celebrate with all the family and a few friends in for the evening．A．who B．which C．where D．when34．It is very important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from in your club．A．anyone else B．the other C．someone else D．others35．He appreciated a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature．A．giving B ．to give C．being given D．to be givenSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．Annie Dillard, the author of TEACHING A STONE TO TALK, tells us a sad story about a British Arctic expedition（远征）that took ship in 1845 to explore the Northwest Passage around the Canadian Arctic to the Pacific Ocean．Neither of the two ships and none of the 138 men aboard 36 ．In her book Captain Sir John Franklin prepared as if they were 37 in a pleasure travel rather than a challenging journey through one of earth's 38 ．environments．He packed a 1,200 volume library, china place settings and glass wine cups．Years later, some of them were found near some 39 bodies．The voyage was hopeless when the ships sailed into 40 cold waters and became trapped in ice．First 41 coated the decks, the poles and the rope．Then water froze around the rudders （舵）, and the ships became 42 in the frozen sea desperately．Sailors set out to search for help, but soon 43 to severe Arctic weather and died of exposure to its harsh winds and low temperatures．For the next twenty years, 44 of the expedition were found all over the frozen landscape．Dillard reports that on a voyage that was to last 2-3 years the crew did not prepare for the chance of the ships being ice-locked and the captain 45 just a 12-day supply of coal for the spare steam engines．Historians may doubt the wisdom of such a journey．But I have a question: Are we, too, prepared for the important voyage we've started-the journey we- call " 46 ”? I want to be as ready as possible for what may lie ahead．As long as we are alive, our journey is not over．And in large part, the success of our journey will be 47 by our regular and systematic preparation．36．A．continued B．returned C．existed D．survived37．A．resulting B．consisting C．engaging D．ending38．A．toughest B．excellent C．commonest D．superb39．A．burned B．rotten C．swelled D．frozen40．A．slightly B．lightly C．ordinarily D．extremely41．A．ice B．wave C．steam D．water42．A．lost B．moved C．locked D．opened43．A．put up B．gave in C．brought in D．broke up44．A．library B．place settings C．wine cups D．remains45．A．donated B．carried C．expected D．answered46．A．trouble B．happiness C．life D．death47. A. determined B. damaged C. defeated D. decoratedSection C（12 marks）Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each black with one word that best fits the context．Nearly all of us have dreamed about winning the big prize in a lottery（彩票）We dream about 48 we would do with the money, but we 49 stop to think about how the money would change us．For most of us, our way of life is closely linked 50 our economic circumstances．The different parts of our lives fit together like a jigsaw（拼板）- work, home, friends, hobbies and sports make up our world．51 sudden fortune would change it all and break the jigsaw．For example , some people like the idea of 52 having to work, but winners have found that without work there is no reason to get up in the morning．In seems great to move to a bigger house in a wealthy area, 53 if you do that, you leave old friends behind．Usually, though winners are advised not to publicize _ 54 _ addresses and phone numbers, begging letters still arrive．55 they are not careful, most of their money will be spent on the protection of their possessions．Art ⅢReading Comprehension（30 marks）Directions: Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D．Choose the one that fits according to the information given in passage．AMy son drew a smiley face underneath the day of the family calendar．A1l I could manage was a weak smile and an acceptance of the unavoidable event．While he was counting down the days until he left home, I still felt sad and unwi11ing to accept the situation．For 18 years, we had prepared for this moment．But there's still some anxiety in ev ery parent“ was he really ready ?” The boy—man was on his way to becoming a man—boy．A few days later,1 walked in his room and felt it was an empty area of oxygen．Then I looked around and laughed．My missing scissors Just lay on the ground．Sadly, a single sock hung over the chair like a flag．An old and torn Michael Jordan poster hung on the wall．When looking through the possessions he left behind, I found Fred, his teddy bear ,which made the tonsillectomy （扁桃体切除术）seem a little less painful for him．He had marched into the hospital, holding the teddy bear tightly with great determination．And then there were loads of books, like the star wars series, which had fueled his young mind and actually helped motivate his ambitions．Now, he was off to serve his nation．I also remember him sticking his arms out like wings on my shoulders, making sounds like a pilot．He was five then．Who knew he would be a new soldier of the Air National Guard?For a while l wonder if this is a lifetime transition（转变）．when l was a girl baby, I needed my parents for everything．Then I turned into foolish independence and learned the meaning of “no " and“don't put that in your mouth”．Each year I grew a little more independent，finding myself on my own．But in my eyes my son is forever a kid．I never made much money, and I never really cared if my boy did either．I hope that he will face the challenges in his life bravely, tolerate the frustration and never forget that this is his home．56．What impressed the author most when she entered her son's room?A．The unpleasant Smell．B．The complete emptiness．C．The superstar's poster．D．The lost scissors．57．Which of the following about Fred, the teddy bear is right?A．It was the boy's favorite toy．B．It motivated the boy's ambition．C．It showed that the boy didn’t lack sense of security．D．It gave the boy encouragement before the operation．58．The author wrote the fifth paragraph____．A．to indicate her son's dream came trueB．to show her son had various hobbiesC．to explain things always went as plannedD．to stress strong desire could lead to success59．What can be inferred from the underlined sentences?A．The author was trying her best to be a good mother．B．The author was improving her self-protection awareness．C．The author was struggling to depend less on her parents．D．The author was always saying no to her parents．60．What-s the passage mainly about?A．Children-s growing up making parents painful．B．The author's delight and unwillingness of her son-s growing up．C．Children's unwillingness to accept their growing up．D．The author-s ignorance of her son's growing up．BCollege visits are important．Before you commit years of your life and money to a school, be sure you're choosing a place," that is a good match for your personality and interests．You can-t get the "feel' of a school from any guidebook, so be sure to visit the campus．Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit．1．Explore on Your ownOf course you should take the official campus tour, but be sure to allow time to hang around on your own．The trained tour guides will show you a school's selling points．But the o1dest and prettiest buildings don't give you the entire plcture of a college．Try to walk the extra mile and get the complete picture of the campus．2．Read the Bulletin BoardsWhen you visit the student center, academic buildings and residence halls．take a few minutes to read the bulletin boards．They provide an easy way to see what's happening on campus．The ads for lectures, clubs and plays can tell you what's going on outside the classrooms．3．Eat in the Dining HallYou can get a good feel for student life by eating in the dining hall．Try to sit with students if you can．Do the students seem happy or stressed? Also, is the food good? Are there adequate healthy options? Many admission offices will give prospective students coupons（优惠券）for free meals in the dining halls．4．Visit a Class in Your MajorIf you know what you want to study, a class visit makes a lot of sense．You'll get to observe other students in your field and see how involved they are in classroom discussion．Try to stay after class for a few minutes and chat with the students to get their impressions of their professors and major．Be sure to call in advance to schedule a classroom visit—most colleges don't allow visitors to drop in on class unannounced．5．Talk to Lots of StudentsYour campus tour guide has been trained to market the sch001．Try to talk to students who aren't getting paid to impress you．These important conversations can often provide you with information about c01lege life that isn't part of the admission script．Few university officials wi11 tell you if their students spend all weekend drinking of studying, but a group of random students might.For more tips，please go to collegeapps．about．com．61. The best way to know about a college in an official campus t伽r is____．A．to walk around the campus aloneB．to take pictures of the campusC．to Visit the oldest and prettiest buildingsD．to hire a tour guide62．Reading the bulletin boards can help youA．decide the major you want to studyB．find out the after-class activities on campusC．get free coupons from the admission officesD．find out the options of healthy food63．If you plan to attend a class on campus,A．drop in on a class in your majorB．have talks with the students in the classC．make an appointment in advanceD．ask how the students like their teachers and majors64．To get a real idea of the college during a visit, it's best to talk toA．famous professors B．campus tour guidesC．admission officers D．random students65．Where does the passage probably come from?A．A news report．B．A tourist poster．C．An educational journal．D．A geographical magazine．CWikipedia is an online encyclopedia（百科全书）．This name is a combination of“wiki" and “encyclopedia"．Wiki is the Hawaiian word for quick．Wiki websites are designed to enable users to make addition or edit any page Of the site．Wikipedia has been accused of exhibiting systemic prejudice and mistakes．Critics argue that Wikipedia's open nature and a lack of proper sources for much of the information makes it unreliable,Mention Wikipedia within the walls of academy and you'll find no shortage of opinions．That-s no surprise．Can an online encyclopedia that is edited by anyone be trusted as a credible information source? Should students be encouraged to use this tool? And is it even possible to discourage its users?To find out, we performed a simple experiment．We selected 100 terms from the U．S．history textbooks, We chose a mix of items that students might be asked to research for a test or paper and we entered each item into Google to find out which websites the search engine suggests as the most useful links．The results are shocking．Google listed Wikipedia as the number one: 87 times out of 100．Several conclusions can be drawn from this finding．First, people searching for information about these historical terms are finding the entries from Wikipedia helpful．Second, 6'banning" the use of Wikipedia appears hopelessly simple-minded．Jimmy Wales, one of Wikipedia's founders, told the New York Times, "They might as well suggest not listening to rock & roll either"．To our untrained eyes, the information from Wikipedia appeared just as reliable．The reason why the content is mostly reliable is probably that these terms are rather mainstream．The high-school level content is less likely to be wrong than the subjects studied in graduate schools．So when primary and secondary students are researching history, Wikipedia is still a proper place to start．66．Which of the following can best describe Wikipedia?A．Wikipedia is from the Hawaiian language with the meaning of prejudice and mistakes．B．Wikepedia is an online encyclopedia edited freely．C．Wikipedia is an encyclopedia under public attack．D．Wikipedia isa t60l for enjoying rock & roll．67．What does "it" in the second paragraph refer to?A．Wikipedia's open nature．B．Wikipedia's lack of proper sources．C．WikipediaD．Information on the Internet．68．From the underlined sentence we can conclude that ．A．Wikipedia serves only primary and secondary studentsB．people are always ready to find faults with othersC．Wikipedia has a range of topics and is rich in knowledgeD．people hold different opinions about Wikipedia69．What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?` A．Wikipedia can be useful in certain aspects．B．Students should be discouraged from using Wikipedia．C．The information from Wikipedia is totally reliable．D．Wikipedia cannot be trusted at all．70．What could be the best title for the passage?A．Wikipedia-a perfect encyclopediaB．Wikipedia-a misleading encyclopediaC．Wikipedia-a paper encyclopediaD．Wikipedia-a helpful online encyclopediaPartⅣWriting （45 marks）Section A（10 marks）Directions: Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．In recent years, Smart Grid Technology is being promoted by many countries．It means the application of a digital system to the electricity network．Smart Grid Technology aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding of power generation and demand, and use the information to create a more efficient power network．The digital system can be used for companies to collect information about 'supply arid demand and improve engineers' ability to manage the system．With better information about the electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential decreases in fuel needs and carbon emission（排放）．Moreover, the digital system will assist in reducing maintenance costs．Smart Grid Technology offers benefits to consumers too．Through Smart meter, the equipment used by consumers to record power use in real time, the technology makes it possible to charge differently the appliances （电器）used at different times．Therefore, consumers may use their appliances, for example, washing machines at night．Smart meters can also be connected to the Internet or the telephone system, making it more convenient for consumers to switch appliances on or off when they are out．With these changes comes a range of challenges．The first involves managing the supply and demand．Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are unpredictable．With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to the failure of the system．A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, which lack electrical infrastructure．Therefore, it is necessary to build new infrastructure there．Although Smart Grid Technology is still in its early years, people believe that by the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our behavior．Isn’t it a bright future?Section B（10 marks）Directions: Read the following passage．Aaswer the questions according to the information given in the passage．Several years ago, I had to replace a receptionist for my unit．Before I advertised for the position,1 was approached by another manager, my wife's friend, and asked if l would consider a transfer from his staff．It appeared from his description of this employee, Maria, that she was having a lot of problems performing her duties, had difficulties with her boss, and did not appear to respond to any attempts her boss had made to settle the issues．Now, after listening to his explanation, I really had severe doubts．What crossed my mind, after this discussion, was that he wanted me to take a problem off his hands．I told him l would think about it and would let him know the next day．After thinking more about this potential performance issue, I decided that l would agree to speak with Maria privately before I made any decision．And, what I found out during this interview left me deep in thought．As it turned out, the performance issue appeared to result from working for a boss who never encouraged his employees, and was constantly changing the workload and routines．The end result was a totally ruined employee who was unconfident and hated to see a new workday start．I decided to accept her transfer to my unit．What started out as a shy, withdrawn and frightened employee turned out to be one of the most productive and loyal employees that I had ever worked with．Maria couldn't do enough and was constantly asking for more responsibility．I was more than happy to give her what she needed-praise for work well done, respect as a person, and encouragement for doing well in anything she dealt with．Sometimes, we are guilty of holding others back from accomplishing or doing or developing as they should or could．It may be a wise idea that we all look in the mirror, from time to time, to see what we are really like．81．According to the first paragraph, why did the author plan to advertise?（No more than 8 words）（2 marks）To replace a receptionist for his unit．/He wanted a new receptionist．82．How did the author get to know about Maria after hearing her boss's description of her? （No more than11 words）（2 marks）By speaking with her privately before he made any decision．／He spoke with her privately before he made any decision．83．In Maria's eyes, how did her former boss treat his employees? （No more than 14 words）（3 marks）He never encouraged his employees and was constantly changing the workload and routines．84．What reaction did the author have towards Maria's good performances in her new unit? （No more than8 words）（3 marks）He praised, respected and encouraged her．/ He gave her praise, respect and encouragement．Section C (25 marks )Directions : Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.请以“My Most Unforgettable Experience in High School”为题，描述高中三年中让你最难忘的一段经历以及该经历对你的影响或启发。

名校联考联合体2024届高三第四次联考物理注意事项1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、单选选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求）1.钍（Th）是一种以化合物的形式存在于矿物内的金属元素，该元素经过中子轰击，可得到铀233，因此它是潜在的核燃料，钍的同位素之一钍234的衰变的方程为2349091Th XA bγ→++。

下列说法正确的是（）A.A=233B.b为中子C.γ光子来自XD.X不再具有放射性2.如图所示，两根直杆M、N竖直固定，一根长度一定的轻绳绕过动滑轮，一端固定在M杆上，另一端连接在套在N杆上的光滑圆环上，动滑轮上吊着一个重物，现给圆环施加一个竖直向上的拉力F，使重物缓慢上移，则在重物上移的过程中（）A.轻绳上张力越来越小B.轻绳上张力越来越大C.拉力F越来越小D.拉力F大小不变3.一列简谐横波沿x轴传播，t=1.5s时刻的波形图如图甲所示，P、Q为介质中平衡位置分别在x P=1m、x Q=2m 处的质点，图乙为平衡位置位于x=1m和x=2m之间某质点A（图中未标出）的振动图像，则下列判断正确的是（）A.波沿x 轴正方向传播B.t =1s 时，P 的加速度沿y 轴正方向C.t =2s 时，Q 的速度正在增大D.质点Q 的振动方程为5sin cm 24y t ππ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭4.我国火星探测器“天问二号”目前已经基本完成初样研制阶段的工作，将于2025年5月前后实施发射。

未来，“天问二号”发射后会来到火星，从Q 点变轨进入环火椭圆轨道，从P 点变轨进入环火圆轨道.若Q 点到火星表面高度为6R （火星半径为R ），近火点P 点可以认为贴近火星表面，“天问二号”在椭圆轨道上运行周期为T ，引力常量为G ，则下列说法正确的是（）A.“天问二号”的发射速度大于第三宇宙速度B.从Q 点进入椭圆轨道过程，“天问二号”机械能增加C.火星的平均密度为2192GT πD.火星表面的重力加速度为22192R T π5.如图所示，a 、b 、c 、d 是匀强电场的等势面，一个质量为m 、电荷量为q 的带正电粒子从等势面b 上的O 点在纸面内以与b 等势面成θ=53°的方向射出，粒子的运动轨迹刚好与等势面d 相切，不计粒子的重力，则粒子到达等势面a 时的速度大小为（已知sin53°=0.8，cos53°=0.6）（）A.0315vB.0335vC.0355vD.0375v 6.如图所示，轻杆的下端用活动铰链与地面上O 点相连，上端固定一小球，用一个水平向左的力拉着小球静止，保持拉力的方向不变，改变拉力的大小，使小球绕O 点沿顺时针方向转动，且小球在地面上的投影向右匀速移动，则下列说法正确的是（）A.小球的机械能可能增加B.小球的动能先增大后减小C.重力对小球做功的功率增大D.轻杆对小球一直做正功二、多项选择题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

【校级联考】广东省“六校”2024届高三第三次联考理科综合高效提分物理试题（强化版）一、单项选择题（本题包含8小题，每小题4分，共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）(共8题)第(1)题新能源汽车无线充电技术的优点包括安全可靠、充电场地的空间利用率高、智能化程度高、维护和管理方便等。

图甲为某国产品牌汽车无线充电装置，供电线圈固定在地面，受电线圈固定在汽车底盘上，当两个线圈靠近时可实现无线充电，其工作原理如图乙所示。

某课外学习小组查阅资料得知，当输入端ab接上380V正弦交流电后，电池系统cd端的电压为600V，电池系统的电流为20A。

若不计线圈及导线电阻，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．为保护受电线圈不受损坏，可以在车底板加装金属护板B．若输入端ab接上380V直流电，也能正常充电C．供电线圈和受电线圈匝数比可能为19：30D．ab端的输入功率大于12kW第(2)题如图所示，光滑水平地面上的P、Q两物体质量均为m，P以速度v向右运动，Q静止且左端固定一轻弹簧。

当弹簧被压缩至最短时（ ）A．P的动量为0B．Q的动量达到最大值C．P、Q系统总动量小于mvD．弹簧储存的弹性势能为第(3)题跳台滑雪是冬奥会的传统项目，其运动过程可以简化成如题图所示模型。

跳台斜坡AC与水平面的夹角θ=30°，滑雪运动员从斜坡的起点A以的初速度水平飞出，最后落到斜坡上的B点。

不计空气阻力，重力加速度g取10m/s2，则运动员从A点运动至B点的时间为（ ）A．1s B．1.5s C．D．3s第(4)题用平行单色光垂直照射一层透明薄膜，观察到如图所示明暗相间的干涉条纹。

下列关于该区域薄膜厚度d随坐标x的变化图像，可能正确的是（ ）A．B．C．D．第(5)题如图所示，粗细均匀的U形管内装有同种液体，在管口右端用盖板A密闭，两管内液面的高度差为h，U形管中液柱的总长为5h。

现拿去盖板A，液体开始流动，不计液体内部及液体与管壁间的阻力，则当两管液面高度相同时，右侧液面下降的速度是（ ）（重力加速度为g）A．B．C．D．第(6)题如图所示，a、b、c为一负点电荷形成的一条电场线上的三点，c为ab的中点。

有色皆空2014年高考物理试题答案（全15套）1. 2014年全国高考新课标卷1物理部分 (1)2. 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷Ⅱ） (7)3. 2014年全国全国统一招生考试大纲卷物理部分............................ 错误！未定义书签。

4. 2014北京高考物理卷 (15)5. 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）.................... 错误！未定义书签。

6. 2014年山东高考理综试题物理部分 (22)7. 2014年高考浙江理综卷（物理部分）............................................ 错误！未定义书签。

8. 福建2014年高考理科综合能力测试题.......................................... 错误！未定义书签。

9. 2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷） (31)10.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷） (33)11.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（重庆卷） ................... 错误！未定义书签。

12.2014年全国高考物理试题（江苏卷） (42)13.2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷） (48)14.2014高考物理海南卷 (50)15.2014年全国高考上海卷物理试题 (54)2014年全国高考新课标卷1物理部分参考答案二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14.D 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.C19.BD 20.AC 21.AD有色皆空第Ⅱ卷三、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分。

第22题～第32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须做答。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（新课标I卷）本试卷共18页，40题（含选考题）。

全卷满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

用统一提供的2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。

2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用统一提供的2B铅笔把答题卡上对应的题目的答案标号涂黑。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3. 非选择题的作答：用统一提供的签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4. 选考题的作答：先把所选题目的题号在答题卡上指定的位置用统一提供的2B铅笔涂黑。

答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域内均无效。

5. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Al 27 P 31 S 32Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Br 80 Ag 108选择题共21小题，共126分一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 关于细胞膜结构和功能的叙述，错误．．的是A.脂质和蛋白质是组成细胞膜的主要物质B.当细胞衰老时，其细胞膜的通透性会发生改变C.甘油是极性分子，所以不能以自由扩散的方式通过细胞膜D.细胞产生的激素与靶细胞膜上相应受体的结合可实现细胞间的信息传递2. 正常生长的绿藻，照光培养一段时间后，用黑布迅速将培养瓶罩上，此后绿藻细胞的叶绿体内不．可能发生的现象是A.O2的产生停止B.CO2的固定加快C.ATP/ADP比值下降D.NADPH/NADP+比值下降3. 内环境稳态是维持机体正常生命活动的必要条件，下列叙述错误．．的是A.内环境保持相对稳定有利于机体适应外界环境的变化B.内环境稳态有利于新陈代谢过程中酶促反应的正常进行C.维持内环境中Na+、K+浓度的相对稳定有利于维持神经细胞的正常兴奋性D.内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解给细胞提供能量，有利于生命活动的进行4. 下列关于植物细胞质壁分离实验的叙述，错误．．的是A.与白色花瓣相比，采用红色花瓣有利于实验现象的观察B.用黑藻叶片进行实验时，叶绿体的存在会干扰实验现象的观察C.用紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮不同部位观察到的质壁分离程度可能不同D.紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的液泡中有色素，有利于实验现象的观察5. 下图为某种单基因常染色体隐性遗传病的系谱图（深色代表的个体是该遗传病患者，其余为表现型正常个体）。

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅰ卷)理科综合能力测试(物理部分)14．在法拉第时代，下列验证“由磁产生电”设想的实验中，能观察到感应电流的是A．将绕在磁铁上的线圈与电流表组成一闭合回路，然后观察电流表的变化B. 在一通电线圈旁放置一连有电流表的闭合线圈，然后观察电流表的变化C.将一房间内的线圈两端与相邻房间的电流表连接，往线圈中插入条形磁铁后，再到相邻房间去观察电流的变化。

D．绕在同一铁环上的两个线圈，分别接电源和电流表，在给线圈通电或断电的瞬间，观察电流表的变化15题.关于通电直导线在匀强磁场中所受的安培力，下列说法正确的是A．安培力的方向可以不垂直于直导线B．安培力的方向总是垂直于磁场的方向C．安培力的的大小与通电直导线和磁场方向的夹角无关D．将直导线从中点折成直角，安培力的大小一定变为原来的一半16．如图，MN为铝质薄平板，铝板上方和下方分别有垂直于图平面的匀强磁场（未画出）。

一带电粒子从紧贴铝板上表面的P点垂直于铝板向上射出，从Q点穿越铝板后到达PQ的中点O。

已知粒子穿越铝板时，其动能损失一半，速度方向和电荷量不变。

不计重力，铝板上方和下方的磁感应强度大小之比为A． 2 B. C. 1 D.17.如图，用橡皮筋将一小球悬挂在小车的架子上，系统处于平衡状态，现使小车从静止开始向左加速，加速度从零开始逐渐增大到某一值，然后保持此值，小球稳定地偏离竖直方向某一角度（橡皮筋在弹性限度内）。

与稳定在竖直位置时相比，小球的高度A.一定升高B.一定降低C.保持不变D.升高或降低由橡皮筋的劲度系数决定18.如图（a），线圈ab、cd绕在同一软铁芯上，在ab线圈中通以变化的电流，用示波器测得线圈cd间电压如图（b）所示。

已知线圈内部的磁场与流经线圈的电流成正比，则下列描述线圈ab中电流随时间变化关系的图中，可能正确的是19.太阳系各行星几乎在同一平面内沿同一方向绕太阳做圆周运动，当地球恰好运行到某地外行星和太阳之间，且三者几乎排成一条直线的现象，天文学称为“行星冲日”。

三湘名校教育联盟•2024届高三第二次大联考物理本试卷共6页。

全卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分.每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.下列说法正确的是（）A.均匀变化的磁场周围一定存在着变化的电场B.卢瑟福依据α粒子散射实验的现象提出了原子的核式结构理论C.查德威克通过核反应1441717281 N He O H +→+，发现了质子D.15112716 N H C X +→+与，X 为α粒子，核反应为α衰变2.某物流公司分拣物品时通常采用传送带，为模拟分拣过程，建立以下模型.如图所示，让质量m =1.0kg 、可视为质点的有色物块位于宽度L =2.0m 的水平传送带中线位置，且随水平传送带以速度v =2.0m/s 向右运动，经过一段宽度s =2.0m 的风洞区域后被吹落下传送带，a 、b 、d 、c 为风洞的边界线与传送带边缘的交点，有色物块在风洞区域中受到垂直于传送带方向的恒定作用力F =4.0N.已知有色物块与传送带之间的动摩擦因数μ=0.2，假设最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，g =10m/s 2.下列说法正确的是（）A.有色物块受到的滑动摩擦力方向始终与运动方向相反B.有色物块脱离传送带时的速度约为2.8m/sC.有色物块于c 点右侧处脱离传送带D.若增大传送带的速度，有色物块在传送带上留下痕迹可能如图13.如图甲所示为一列简谐横波在t =1.5s 时刻的波形图，其中质点A 的位置坐标为(0,5)-.质点B 的位置坐标为（12，5）.图乙为A 质点的振动图像，则下列说法正确的是（）甲乙A.波沿+x 方向传播B.t =1.5s 时刻，质点B 向x -方向运动C.波的传播速度v =2.4m/sD.波的传播速度8m /s 3v =4.古人就有住“天宫”的想法，人们设想在地球赤道上建一座足够高的高楼，站在高楼上就可以俯视地球，跟宇航员在太空中看地球一样，假如在这座高楼的某一层住户发现他的重力等于他在该处所受地球万有引力的124125.已知地球半径约为6400km ，地球同步卫星距离地面高度为36000km ，则该楼层离地面最接近的高度为（）A.2080kmB.6400kmC.21200kmD.18000km 5.如图甲所示.在xOy 平面内存在平行于纸面的匀强电场，现有一个质量为m 、电量为+q 的带电微粒，在外力F 的作用下，t =0时刻以一定初速度从x 轴上的a 点开始绕O 点沿图中虚线逆时针做匀速圆周运动，Oa =R ，ab 为圆的一条直径，不计重力，测得该带电微粒所处位置的电势φ随时间t 的变化图像如图乙所示.下列说法正确的是（）甲乙A.微粒在3t 1时所受变力F 可能达最大值B.电场强度的大小为122R ϕϕ+，方向与x 轴正方向成4π向上C.b 点与a 点的电势差122()2ba U ϕϕ=-+D.圆周运动的过程中变力F 的最大值为21221162F m R q t Rϕϕπ+=+6.如图所示.一根足够长的光滑绝缘杆MN ，与水平面的夹角为37°，固定在竖直平面内，磁感应强度大小为B ，方向垂直纸面向外的匀强磁场充满杆所在的空间，杆与磁场方向垂直.质量为m 的带电小环沿杆下滑到图中的P处时，对杆有垂直杆向上的压力作用，压力大小为0.4mg.已知小环的电荷量为q，重力加速度大小为g，sin37°=0.6，下列说法正确的是（）A.小环带负电B.小环滑到P处时的速度大小65 Pmg vqB=C.当小环的速度大小为35mgqB时，小环对杆没有压力D.当小环与杆之间没有正压力时，小环到P的距离222225m g Lq B =二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分.每小题有多个选项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分.7.下列有关光学现象说法正确的是（）甲乙丙丁A.甲图中荷叶上的露珠显得特别“明亮”是由于光的全反射B.乙图中看到的全息照片利用的是光的全反射原理而制成的C.丙图中光学镜头上的增透膜利用的是光的衍射现象D.丁图是利用偏振眼镜观看立体电影，说明光是横波8.如图所示，倾角为θ足够长的固定斜面上，长为L的ab段粗糙，其余部分光滑，长也为L的轻杆两端分别连接滑块P、Q，P的质量为2m，Q的质量为m，两滑块与ab段的动摩擦因数均为μ.已知斜面顶端与b点的距离为2L，两滑块均可视为质点，重力加速度为g.则P滑块从斜面顶端由静止开始下滑，直到滑块P滑离a点（此时滑块Q仍在斜面上）的过程中，下列说法正确的是（）A.Q在ab段运动过程中，轻杆对Q的弹力为2cos 3mgμθB.Q 刚好滑入ab 段瞬间，P 的加速度大小为3sin 2cos g g θμθ-C.P 、Q 和轻杆组成的系统损失的机械能为3cos mgL μθD.P 滑离a9.理想变压器原、副线圈两端所接电路如图所示，图中电表均为理想交流电表，R 2为定值电阻，R 1为滑动变阻器.原线圈两端接有(V)e t π=的交流电，下列说法正确的是（）A.当开关闭合后，○A1的指针会左右摆动B.当滑动变阻器R 1滑片从最下端向上滑动时，○V1、○A1示数变大C.当滑动变阻器R 1滑片从最下端向上滑动时，L 1先变暗后变亮D.当滑动变阻器R 1滑片从最下端向上滑动时，L 2变亮10.在平面内有一传动装置，如图所示传送带MN 上在O 点处固定一竖直光滑绝缘细杆，细杆可与传送带MN 一起随着传动装置水平移动，两个小球a 、b 套在杆上，小球a 质量m ，电量为q -（q >0）；小球b 质量3m ，不带电.初始时a 球在杆的最靠近O 端，且a 、b 球相距L .现让传动装置以v 0向右匀速运动，整个装置位于垂直纸面向外的磁感应强度为B 的匀强磁场中.a 、b 球发生的碰撞均为弹性碰撞，且碰撞过程中电荷量不发生转移，设光滑绝缘细杆足够长，磁场区域足够大，下列说法正确的是（）A.小球a 、b 第一次碰撞前，小球aB.小球a 、b 第一次碰撞前，洛伦兹力对a 球做功为0qBLv C.小球a 、b第一次碰撞后，沿杆方向的速度分别为D.小球a 、b 第一次碰撞后至第二次碰前经历的时间为0Lv三、非选择题：本题共5小题，共56分.11.（8分）某兴趣小组在实验室里找到了一小金属球做了一个如图所示的单摆，来测量当地的重力加速度.具体操作如下：（1）甲同学用某种仪器来测量摆球的直径，得到的测量值为d =2.275mm ，此测量数据是选用了仪器测量得到的.（填标号）A.毫米刻度尺B.10分度游标卡尺C.20分度游标卡尺D.螺旋测微器（2）测量单摆的周期时，乙同学在摆球某次通过最低点时按下停表开始计时，同时数1；当摆球第二次通过最低点时数2，依此法往下数，当他数到80时，按下停表停止计时，读出这段时间t ，则该单摆的周期为（填标号）A.39t B.39.5t C.40t D.79t（3）丙同学忘记测量摆球直径，但他仍改变细线的长度先后做两次实验，记录细线的长度及单摆对应的周期分别为l 1、T 1，和l 2、T 2，则重力加速度为（用l 1、T 1、l 2、T 2表示）.该同学测出的重力加速度当地重力加速度（填“>”、“<”、“=”）12.（10分）小明准备测量一个阻值约为100Ω的粗细均匀金属线的电阻率ρ。