词、短语辨析(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词)-2018年高考题和高考模拟题英语分项版汇编 含解析

一、冠词/代词和介词注意：最近几年，江苏高考卷中并未出现考查冠词的题目；代词的考查题出现了两次，都是对不定代词的考查；单一的介词考查题也很少。

尽管如此，这三个考点的基础知识都应该牢固掌握，才能做到以不变应万变。

1、冠词：1）注意“抽象名词具体化”的现象，可以翻译成: 一种，一个，一次，一阵，一场等。

（Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.）2）动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位抓（catch，hold，take，seize，）+by the+身体部位拍打（hit，strike，touch）+on the+身体部位看（look，stare，gaze）+ in the+身体部位2、代词：1）it作代词有几个小注意点：1）指代婴儿或身份不明的人2）习惯用语，本身并没有实际意义（You can make it. He has had it.）3）用于某些固定句型中，几乎成了一种习惯用法（I will appreciate it if you….. I can’t help it if you…. I hate it when…. When it comes to…..）2）those可以用来替代前面提到过的事物，即同类名词但不是同一个，相当于the+可数名词复数。

ones则是泛指，替代前面出现的可数名词复数。

:3、介词：介词的宾语除了我们最熟知的名词/代词，还有1）adj/adv(be far from perfect; dropped from above) 2）介词短语（From under the table ran out a cat.）3）不定式或动名词( had no choice but to wait) 4）名词性从句（I had no idea of what he wanted.）二、名词注意：对名词的考查一直是江苏高考的重点，2015年高考卷上出现了两个名词词义辨析题，而名词与介词的搭配也是频繁出现。

高考英语之短文改错全攻略通过认真研读2016-2018年全国新课标卷的短文改错部分，笔者总结了关于此题型的9个考点，分别为动词、名词、形容词/副词、介词、关系词、连词、冠词、代词、词性误用，在下面的篇幅中，笔者会针对这9个考点逐一进行深入分析，帮助广大考生更好地理解和掌握此类题型。

（一）动词1.时态混用I find a big change there.（2018全国卷一）I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.（2018全国卷二）When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables.（2017全国卷一）解题策略：如果各位考生发现动词时态用错了，那么下一步就是有哪些方法可以帮助我们把动词的时态改对。

1. 如果所改的动词出现在复合句中，那么我们可以根据该句的主句或从句里的动词时态，把相应的用错时态的动词改成正确的时态。

2. 如果所改的动词出现在并列句中，那么可以根据并列句中的另一动词做出相应改动。

3. 考生有时候也可以根据具体语境判断动词该用何种时态，从而做出相应改动。

2.主谓不一致At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroomis a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, andmistake as well." （2018全国卷三）解题策略：考生要关注的是句子的主语和句子的谓语在形式或意义上是否保持了一致，即复-复，单-单，通过大量训练，考生对此类错误的分辨率会大幅度提高。

小试身手：1. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and made aright turn into Park Road．2. At first it is low but gradually it become louder andlouder.（二）名词Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raisedozens of chicken. （2018全国卷一）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in thesitting room. （2018全国卷二）At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroomis a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, andmistake as well." （2018全国卷三）The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult timefor me. （2016全国卷三）解题策略：解答此类题关键在于广大考生能够准确快速地找出所改句子中存在单复数问题的名词，这就需要广大考生在平时的英语学习中多注意积累名词的单复数变形，特别是一些不规则的变形。

2018年至2020年人教版英语高考语法考试题解析，代词和介词知识本文收集了2018年至2020年人教版英语高考语法考试题，对其中的代词和介词知识进行解析，文档内容质量高，对同学们学习有一定指导和参考价值。

第一部分 2020年高考真题1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.69空格的【答案】much【解析】考查形容词。

句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。

ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。

70空格的【答案】its【解析】考查代词。

句意同上。

根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

2.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）After that I poured oil intoa pan and turned off the stove，I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.【答案】将off改为on【解析】考查介词。

句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。

根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为n。

3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）＂Not that way，＂my mom tried to stop us but failed.【答案】将us改为me【解析】考查代词。

2018届高考语法专项形容词和副词1．形容词后缀(1)－able：①v.＋able: reliable, eatable, enjoyable, movable 等。

②n.＋able: valuable, reasonable, knowledgeable 等。

(2)－ible: terrible, horrible, invisible, possible 等。

(3)－al: international, mental, medical, natural, general 等。

(4)－ant或－ent: instant, distant, constant, important, patient, different, absent 等。

(5)－ed或－ing：interested, interesting, pleased, pleasing 等。

(6)－en：wooden, golden, spoken, written, mistaken 等。

(7)－ern：eastern, southern, western, northern 等。

(8)－ful：①n.＋ful：colorful, beautiful, helpful, powerful等。

②v.＋ful：forgetful, careful等。

(9)－less：fearless, harmless, useless, helpless 等。

(10)－ly：friendly, lovely, daily, weekly 等。

(11)n./v.＋(i)ous：curious, dangerous, various, anxious 等。

(12)－some：handsome, troublesome, tiresome 等。

(13)n.＋－y：funny, lucky, snowy, rainy, dusty等。

2．形容词前缀(1)un－：unhappy, unfair, unimportant, uncomfortable, unnecessary 等。

2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）2018年高考词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appoint ment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。

句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。

——早上好。

我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。

make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。

2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.A. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。

对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。

考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。

3.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

（共10套285页）2018年高考语法真题分类汇总（含所有高考考点）2018年高考动词的时态和语态及情态动词1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。

句意：——嗨，我是彼得。

你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。

——你好，彼得。

我是鲍勃。

我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。

根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。

点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。

2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked【答案】B点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。

3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。

2018年高考英语词汇解析（史上最完整版）A1.●abandon v.放弃，遗弃，抛弃abandon the baby/ child/ friendabandon the plan/ idea/ effort/ hopeabandon oneself to 陷入，沉湎于He abandoned himself to despair.2.◎ability n. 能力；才能the ability to walk 行走的能力竭尽全力He completed the job to the best of to the best of one’s abilityhis ability.3.●abnormal adj.不正常的，畸形的，反常的They thought his behavior was abnormal.反义词：normal4. ◎aboard prep. adv.在船（飞机，火车）上，上船(飞机，轮船)all the people aboard 机上的人5. about prep关于，ad 大约，到处a) be about to do sth…(when) I was about to go out when it began to rain.询问情况或建议b) look about/around/round c) How/What about…6 . above prep在…上面above all 首先;尤其7. abroad ad.到(在)国外a) go /study /live abroad b) at home and abroad在国内外8. ●absence n. 不在，缺席absence from work/ school The decision was made in my absence.in the absence of 在缺少…条件下The case was dismissed in the absence of proof.9. ◎absent adj. 缺席的，不在的be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的10. ◎absorb vt. 1) 吸收，吸进（液体，气体等）2) 理解，掌握absorb ink/ water/ neat/ light/ oxygen/ sound/ energyabsorb information/ knowledge be absorbed i n专注于，聚精会神于…11.●abuse v / n. 滥用，谩骂abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒/嗜毒abuse power/ position/ privilege 滥用权力/职权/特权12. accept vt.accept the gift /invitat ion /plan accept sb/sth as…　13.●access n.方法，通路，机会The only access to the farm was a narrow bridge.Only high officials have access to the emperor.We students have access to the school library.accessible adj. 可进入的，可接近的，可使用的Such information is not easily accessible to the public.14. accident n.事故，意外的事by accident/chance 偶然，无意中；不小心15.●accompany v. 陪伴，伴随，伴奏accompany sb. to the school/ supermarketaccompany the singer on / at the piano Lightening usually accompanies thunder.16. ●accomplish v. 完成，到达，实现accomplishment n. 成就，成绩accomplish the task/ purpose/ goal17. according to根据According to the law, he should be sentenced to death.18. ◎accuse vt. 指控，指责accuse sb of (doing ) sth 控告…19.●accustomed adj. 习惯的，适应的，惯常的be/ get/ become accustomed to doing He was soon accustomed to getting up early.20. ache vi./n headache / toothache My back aches so much.21. achieve vt 达到；取得achievement n 成就achieve success/victory/one’s goal;22.◎achievement n. 成就，业绩；完成（任务等）make great achievements23.●acknowledge v. 承认，致谢It is generally acknowledged that global warming is caused by greenhouse gases.Yaoming is acknowledged as/ to be the best player in China.I acknowledged financial support from the local government.24. across prep cross v. I walked across the street.; cross a street; come/run across碰到25. act n.法令，条例vt.表演，扮演，行动，做事act as 充当；扮演act out 把…表演出来26. action n. 行动take action to do sth put sth into action 把…付诸实施27. active adj. 积极的;主动的take an active part in /be active in 积极参加28.◎activity n. 活动outdoor activities 户外运动29.actual a.实际的actually adv. in (actual) fact 实际上30●adapt vi. 适应，适合，改编vt. 使适应adapt to change /the city life adapt oneself to the new surroundings adapt the novel for a film adaptation n. 适应31. add vt 添加，增加，补充说（that）add(…)to 添加add up 把…加在一起add up to总计为; 总数为a) His illness added to our trouble. b) He added that he would come again.c) Please add these figures up. d) These numbers add up to 100.e) He added some salt to the water.32. address n.地址vt.写地址；向…讲话（尤指演讲）address the letter to sb. 给某人寄信The letter was wrongly addressed.The president addressed the public.33.●adjust vt. 调整，调节，适应adjust your speed /the volume/ the cameraadjust to the dark/ the single life adjust yourself to the student life adjustment n. 调整，调节34.admire v 钦佩.;羡慕admire sb for sth I admire John for his courage.35. admit vt（admi tt ed ,admi tt ed）1) 承认admit one’s mistakes; admit doing/having don eHe admitted having stolen the money.2) 准许（入场，入学，入会）admit sb to /into→sb be admitted toHe has been admitted to Beijing University.36.●adopt v. 收养，采用，采纳adopt a child the adopted son/ daughteradopt a new policy/ a suggestion/ a plan/ an attitude37. advance vi推进，促进；前进adj. advanced先进的/ 高级的in advance预先，事先an advanced worker38. advantage n. 优点，好处(可数名词) 反：disadvantagetake advantage of 利用have an advantage over 优于…　to sb’s advantage 对（某人）有利39. ◎advertise vt. 为…做广告1）为…做广告advertise a product / things2）登广告征求/寻找… advertise for a new sales manager40. advice n/u. advise vt. 忠告,劝告,建议take/follow/ accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议 a piece of advice 一条建议give sb some advice on sthadvise sb (not) to do; advise doing; advise that …(should)+doOur teacher advised that we should study hard.41. ●affect vt. 影响, 深深打动，使悲伤等Smoking affects health. People were deeply affected by the deathof Jin Zhengri.42. afford vt. 负担得起,抽得出(时间); 提供can/could/be able to afford sth/to do sth I can’t afford a book/to buy thebook43. afraid a. 害怕的；担心be afraid to do 因为害怕不敢做…; be afraid of doing 害怕…She was afraid to go out alone at night. She was afraid of waking him up.44. against prep对着，反对, 靠着，迎着，衬着stand against the wall (靠墙站着) go against nature; be against sth 反对They are strongly against the plan. The pine tree were black against the morning sky.45. age n.年龄；时代vi. 变老for ages 多年; at an early age; at the ageof … ;aged quickly.of the same age=of an age After his wife’s death he46. agree vi. 同意；应允1）agree with ①agree with sb / what you say/your opinion.②表示一致;“ (食物、天气、工作等)对…适宜”：The weather does not agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。

2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。

句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。

——早上好。

我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。

make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。

2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.A. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。

对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。

考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。

3.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. displayB. acquireC. teachD. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。

专题二代词、介词和介词短语1.【2015·重庆】2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date forsure.A.everybodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. somebody【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期.根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项.【考点定位】考查代词.【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词，题目难度不大，不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语境，及关键词来进行确定.Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中，anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中，everybody用于肯定句； nobody表示没人或没有人；根据语境中的but可知表示转折，故暗示没有人知道确切的日期.2.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature0.68 ℃____ the average.A. belowB. onC. atD. above【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度.With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average.【考点定位】考查介词.【名师点睛】with的复合结构中，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式或分词充当.而本题考查with +名词/代词+介词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year onrecord起重要作用，可知高出平均气温.3.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animalsboth on land and sea?A. aboutB. toC. withD. over【答案】 B【解析】试题分析：句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思.该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句.比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to.【考点定位】考查介词【名师点睛】本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力.当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候，比如含有从句或疑问句时，要划分句子成分.对于疑问句，首先把它转化为陈述句，然后找出句子的主谓宾，把那一些修饰成分去掉，最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.4.【2015·浙江】12. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. themB. oneC. thoseD. it【答案】D【考点定位】考查代词It【名师点睛】it 为形式宾语，其后的不定式为真正的宾语.一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末.it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语.另外，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语.5.【2015·浙江】17. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A. in memory ofB. in response toC. in touch withD. in possession of【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应.A. in memory of 意为纪念， B. in response to意为回应，C. in touch with意为联系，D. in possession of意为拥有.分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应.所以答案应该是B. in response to回应.【考点定位】考查介词短语【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系.本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式，本句另外还含有一个过去分词（asked by local newsmen）作定语的用法.6.【2015·天津】2. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校.句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that.代词it和one都代指可数名词单数.故选A.【考点定位】考查代词.【名师点睛】本题考查代词辨析.代词it, one和that都指代前面提到的名词.一般说来, it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同名异物，但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词，只可代指可数名词；that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词，可以代指不可数名词.one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人.掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案.7.【2015·浙江】10. Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.A. As a resultB. In additionC. By contrastD. In conclusion【答案】C【考点定位】考查介词短语【名师点睛】本题关键词是不可避免unavoidable. 本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的.介词的短语的考查，四个选项意思都是相差很大的，该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思.平时要注重识记介词短语的，另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中.8.【2015·陕西】12. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.A. onB. byC. inD. at【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道. take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子，所以选B.【考点定位】考查介词【名师点睛】介词的考查一般与方位有关，也有的是一些习惯搭配，这题就是这样.take sb by the arm拉住某人的膀子，如果是“打某人的脸”就是hit sb in the face.如果是“打某人的后背”就是用hit sb on the back.9.【2015·陕西】13. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A. anotherB. the otherC. otherD. either【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚.因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B.【考点定位】考查代词【名师点睛】考查代词的题目首先要弄清它指代的是什么，指代的数量，结合句意和代词本身的用法，再进行辨析.如果是一些相似的、易混的代词如another； the other；other；others ，就要弄清它们之间的差别.结合上下文句意来进行判断.10.【2015·福建】21.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, butcontained any useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. Neither【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查副词辨析.该句中A.all全部；B.none没有一个；C.either两个中任何一个；D.两者都不.根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考.故选D本题考查副词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法.【考点定位】考查副词辨析.【名师点睛】本题考查副词辨析，neither是一个否定副词，副词的作用是修饰形容词，动词，副词或句子.这里的是用来修饰动词contain.副词最普遍的结构是以ly结尾，但是也有一些其他的副词，比如so、however、beside、neither、nor等.考生在进行解题时也要注意句子整体意思的把握，以便找到合适的词.11.【2015·福建】22._______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.A. ofB. onC. toD. with【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考察介词辨析.A.of表示关于，表示从属关系；B.on表示在…之上；C.to表示对于；D.with表示和…在一起.该句意思为：他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服.故选A 【考点定位】考查介词辨析.【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系.本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词的形式.需要考生掌握好相应介词的功能.12.【2015·福建】32.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature.A. in view ofB. in need ofC.in touch withD. in harmony with【答案】D【考点定位】考查介词短语辨析【名师点睛】短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现.通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语.对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆.当然介词短语的记忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆.13.【2015·江苏】34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.A. thanks toB. regardless ofC. aside fromD. but for 【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：要不是爱迪生的发明，今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在.A项“多亏”，具有很强的迷惑性，如将题干改成“_______ Thomas Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things aroundus.”则选A项；B项“不管，不顾”；C项“除了”；D项“要不是”，常用于隐藏式（含蓄式）虚拟条件句.故选D项.【考点定位】介词短语辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力.但很容易发现，A、C两项都可以表示“因为”，但but for还可以用于虚拟语气.因此，考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别.14.【2015·安徽】33.They believe that there are transport developments ______ thatwill bring a lot of changes for the better.A. out of dateB. out of orderC. around the clockD. around the corner【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化.A过时的；B发生故障的；C昼夜不停地；D即将来临.故选D.【考点定位】考查介词短语【名师点睛】解答本题需要结合四个选项的意思和句意综合考虑，四个短语的意思分别是“过时的”；“出故障的”；“昼夜不停的”和“即将到来的”.根据“will”可知是将要发生的事情，四个选项中，只有D项表示将来.15.【2015·湖北】30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined.A.in advanceB.in detailC. in totalD.in general【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：这个会议室是无烟区域.我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款.A 项“提前”；B项“详细地”；C项“总共，总计”；D项“大体上，笼统地”.故选A项.【考点定位】介词短语辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力.题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况，因此是在“提前”警告某人.另外，考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配.。

动词和动词短语的含义之多会令考生感到无所适从,高考常涉及对熟词新义的考查，对考生提出了新的要求，也体现了课本与高考的差距。

因此在学习过程中，我们一定要做到：1．对词汇短语的学习不应局限于课本所出现的含义，要注意一词多义以及从本义向引申义的扩展。

2．平时要留心积累.处处留心皆学问，要善于从熟悉的单词或短语中发现“风景"。

3．要备有一本实用的词典，最好是英汉双解的，并做到“勤查广记”，争取做到“磨出一手老茧，翻烂一本词典”。

4．注意词的各种含义间的渗透和连贯。

该部分常考的命题形式:KS5UKS5U.KS5U（1)动词词义的辨析（2)动词短语的用法及区别,常考的形式有：①同一动词＋不同介词/副词②不同动词＋同一介词/副词③兼而有之(3）单个动词与短语动词放在一起的具体运用(4）动词或动词短语后的结构,以及由动词构成的习语和惯用法热点题型一几组常见动词的辨析例1、[2017·江苏卷] A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________your year ahead.A．shape B．switchC．stretch D．sharpen【提分秘籍】1．表示转变的系动词是指表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果的系动词。

这类系动词有：become，get,grow，turn，go,fall，come，prove等.使用时要注意：(1)become，get，grow,turn,go都可作“变”解,但有细微的差别：become,get通常表示变化后的最终结果，可指向好的方面转变,也可指向坏的方面转变；get比较口语化，become还可接名词（可与冠词连用）；grow强调逐渐变化的过程;turn后接单数名词,并不可与冠词连用；go多指向坏的方面转变，可能是永久性的或难以扭转的。