大学英语四级全真模拟(一)

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CET4全真模拟测试

CET4全真模拟测试近年来，随着全球经济的发展和交流的日益频繁，英语作为一门国际通用语言的重要性日益凸显。

对于中国大多数学生来说，英语考试已经成为他们学习生涯中的一道重要关口。

其中，CET4作为普通高校学生必须通过的英语考试之一，更是备受关注。

为了帮助学生更好地应对CET4考试，下面将为大家提供一份全真模拟测试，希望大家认真对待，取得理想的成绩。

第一部分：听力理解（共30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）请听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What are the speakers trying to do?A. Borrow a pen.B. Buy a pencil.C. Find some paper.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a theater.B. In a studio.C. In a zoo.3. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Stop crying.B. Change her mind.C. Go on a trip.4. What will the woman do next?A. See a play.B. Watch a movie.C. Buy a ticket.5. What time will the meeting start?A. At 7:00 am.B. At 7:30 am.C. At 8:00 am.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）请听下面4段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

（1）大学英语四级考试模拟试题

大学英语四级考试模拟试题Model Test OnePart Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. Choose the correct answer---A, B, C or D, and then, mark your answer by writing the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Section A(C) 11. A) Look for the sky. B) Repair the car.C) Fix a shelf. D) Paint the shelf.(B) 12. A) Mrs. Smith. B) Mrs. Anderson.C) Dr. Ford. D) Mr. Smith’s sister.(D) 13. A) Husband and wife. B) Father and daughter.C) Teacher and student. D) Doctor and patient.(B) 14. A) Go walking with her friend. B) Rest and take care of herself.C) Stay at home and do her exercises. D) Catch up with her reading.(B) 15. A) At a restaurant. B) At a bank.C) At an airport. D) At a drug store.(A) 16. A) Hurry to the cinema. B) Look for the money.C) Make an appointment. D) Stay at home.(C) 17. A) At eight-thirty. B) At eight-fifty.C) At ten-thirty. D) At two o’clock.(A) 18. A) Read the paper. B) See a film.C) Have dinner in town. D) Stay at home.(B) 19. A) How to care for precious metals.B) A standard unit for measuring weight.C) The value of precious metals.D) Using the metric system.(A) 20. A) Check the accuracy of scales.B) Calculate the density of other metals.C) Observe changes in the atmosphere.D) Measure amounts of rainfall.(C) 21. A) Someone spilled water on it.B) Someone lost it.C) It was made of low quality metal.D) The standard for measuring had changed.(C) 22. A) It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.B) It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.C) It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.D) It is too high for such a light weight.(D) 23. A) The plot of the movie.B) The photography of the movie.C) The acting of the communications officer.D) The special effects of the movie.(B) 24. A) Absurd. B) Fantastic. C) Exciting. D) Boring.(B) 25. A) Comedy. B) Science fiction. C) Western. D) Tragedy. Section BPassage 1(A) 26. A) Chatting across the Internet.B) Mobile messaging.C) The advantages of the Internet.D) The disadvantages of text chat.(B) 27. A) They can share ideas with others in almost real time.B) They can meet people from around the globe.C) They can learn languages more easily.D) They can learn world cultures.(C) 28. A) Seldom use a nickname.B) Tell online friends the name of your school.C) Always be careful about meeting online acquaintances.D) Give out some of your personal information.Passage 2(A) 29. A) A class of science students. B) A group of teachers.C) English language students. D) His teacher.(B) 30. A) Empty the water out of the cans.B) Glue two pieces of paper around the cans.C) Make 2 cardboard lids.D) Wash your hands.(C) 31. A) The water in both cans will be the same.B) The water in both cans be cooler.C) The water in the black can will be warmer.D) The water in the white can will be warmer.(B) 32. A) That babies understand language before they can speak.B) That babies have simple mathematical skills.C) Babies’ preferences for different kinds of toys.D) The influence of television on babies.Passage 3(A) 33. A) Staring at the dolls longer.B) Crying loudly.C) Blinking their eyes rapidly.D) Reaching for the dolls.(A) 34. A) They’re born with the ability.B) They’re exceptionally intelligent.C) They learned it from playing with dolls.D) They’re learned it from their parents.(C) 35. A) Children should be taught mathematics early.B) Children heed to experience pressure from their parents.C) He is not sure about what should be done.D) The potential should be carefully protected.Section C(36) _________ and reading mail has quickly become one of the most (37) ________ daily activities around the world, either for (38) ________ or pleasure. Now, more and more teachers and students are using this form of (39) ________ to improve their language skills, particularly English.Several reasons why email has become a great tool is that it is fast, (40) ________, and affordable. One particular activity that takes (41) ________ of these points is a key pal exchange. In the past, teachers of ten (42) _______ pen friends project where their students would (43) _______ letters with another group of students in another country . However, the turn-around time (44) _________, and by that time, students might lose interest in the project or the class might end before a series of meaningful exchanges can take place. Furthermore (45) _______.With email, however, messages can be sent at a click of a button at school, home, or an Internet café, and if you are using a free email account, the cost is free (not taking into account any Internet Service Provider fees you have to pay). (46) ___________.答案:36. Sending37. common38. business39. communication40. convenient41. advantage42. organized43. exchange44. for sending and receiving traditional letters (and then follow-up replies) can take up to months for the whole process45. students have to pay international postage to send the letters, something the students might be unwilling to do46. Instead of waiting days or weeks for a response, students can receive a reply within days, hours, or even minutesPart ⅠWriting (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Love and learning. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below:1.有些大学认为学生为了学习不应该谈恋爱;2.然而学生们却认为禁止大学生谈恋爱并非是件好事;3.正如硬币有两面一样, 恋爱有积极的一面, 也有消极的一面.Love and learningSome teachers hold that college students should not date, while most of the students may think that dating should not be banned on campus.Just as a coin has two sides, dating will have at the same time both positive and negative effects on college students. It depends on each individual student. Those who date in the college will inevitably be distracted from their studies. Upon graduation, it is very likely that the young lovers will have to part, so the result of campus date is quite uncertain, which may be painful for both. Furthermore, some campus lovers can’t help tasting the forbidden fruit. Such behavior will, in most cases, prove to be irresponsible. However, love will bring a sense of happiness. Love on campus will not necessarily involve material. It will make you happ y—so long as you have an appreciative and grateful mind.All in all, we should strike a balance between love and learning.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Right and Left-handedness in HumansWhy do humans, quite different from the other animal species, display a distinct left or right handedness? Not even our closest relatives among the apes (猿) possess such decided lateral (横向的) asymmetry (不对称), as psychologist call it. Yet about 90 per cent of every human population that has ever lived appears to have been right-handed. Professor Bryan Turner at Deakin University has studied the research literature on left-handedness and found that handedness goes with sidedness. So nine out of ten people are right-handed and eight are right-footed. He noted that this distinctive asymmetry in the human population is itself systematic. “Humans are able to think about things in categorize; black and white, up and down, left and right. It’s a system of signs that enables us to categorize phenomena that are essentially ambiguous.”The Relationship of Handedness to Gene and InheritanceResearch has shown that there is genetic or inherited (继续的) element to handedness. But while left-handedness tends to appear in families, neither left nor right handers will automatically produce children with the same handedness; in fact about 6 per cent of children with two right-handed parents will be left-handed. However, among two left-handed parents, perhaps 40 per cent of the children will also be left-haneded. With one right and one left-handed parent, 15 to 20 per cent of the children will be left-handed. Even among identical twins who have exactly the same genes, one in six pairs will differ in their handedness.Researchers Turned to the Brain for ReasonsWhat then makes people left-handed if it is not simply because of genetic cause? Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist (人类学家), Dr Paul Broca, made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot in the brain) had paralysis (瘫痪) of the right half of their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain controls the right half of the body, and vice versa (反之亦然), the brain damage must have been in the brain’s left hemisphere. Psychologists now believe that among right-handed people, probably 95 per cent have their language centre in the left hemisphere, while 5 per cent have right-sided language. Left-handers, however, do not show the reverse pattern but instead a majority also have their language centre in the left hemisphere. Some 30 per cent have right hemisphere language. The Evolution of Speech Went with Right-handed PreferenceDr. Brinkman, a brain researcher at the Australian National University in Canberra, has suggested that evolution of speech went with right-handed preference. According to Brinkman, as the brain evolved, one side became specialized for fine control of movement (necessary forproducing speech) and along with this evolution came right-hand preference. According to Brinkman, most left-handers have left hemisphere dominance but also some capacity in the right hemisphere. She has observed that if a left-handed person is brain-damaged in the left hemisphere, the recovery of speech is quite often better than a right-handed one is. And this is explained by the fact that left-handers have more capacity for speech function in the right hemisphere. In her studies of macaque monkeys (短尾猴) Brinkman has noticed that primates (monkeys) seem to learn a hand preference from their mother in the first year of life but this could be one hand or the other. In humans. However, the specialization in function of the two hemispheres results in differences in the structure of human brain; areas that are involved with the production of speech are usually larger on the left side than on the right. Since monkeys have not acquired the capacity for speech, one would not expect to see such a difference, but Brinkman claims to have discovered a trend in monkeys towards the asymmetry that is clearly observed in the human brain. Development of the Brain May Lead to HandednessTwo American researchers, Geschwind and Galaburda, studied the brains of human and discovered that the difference between left and right asymmetry exists before birth. But as the brain develops, a number of things can affect it. Every brain is initially female in its organization and it only becomes a male brain when the male fetus (胎儿) begins to produce hormones (荷尔蒙). Geschwind and Galaburda knew that different parts of the brain mature at different rates; the right hemisphere develops first, then the left. Moreover, a girl’s brain develops somewhat faster than that of a boy. So, if something happens to the brain’s development during pregnancy, it is more likely to be affected in a male and the hemisphere more likely to be involved is the left. The brain may become less different and this in turn could result in left-handedness and the development of certain superior skills that have origins in the left hemisphere such as logic, rationality and abstraction. It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects, left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males than females. Prejudice against Left-handed PeopleThe results of this research may be some consolation (安慰) to left-handers who have for centuries lived in a world that is designed to suit right-handed people. However, what is alarming, according to Mr. Charles Moore, a writer and journalist, is the word “right” reinforces its own advantages.Subliminally (下意识地) he says, language tells people to think that anything on the right can be trusted while anything on the left is dangerous or even evil. We speak of left-handed advantages, and on the other hand according to Moore, “it is certain that left-hand, often develop a stammer (口吃) as they are robbed of their freedom of speech.” However, as more research is undertaken on the causes of left handedness, attitudes towards left-handed people are gradually changing for the better. Indeed when the champion tennis player Ivan Lend was asked what the only factor had improved his game, he said he would like to become a left-hander.(N)The passage mainly tells us that prejudice should not be put against the left-handed people.(NG)Left handed people usually have difficulties in emotional problems.(Y)Boys are more likely to be left-handed than girls.(Y)After a stroke, left-handed people recover their speech more quickly than right-handed people.(N)Difference in the size of the two hemispheres exists in a monkey’s brain.(N)The two sides of a human brain are the same before birth.(Y)Asymmetry is a unique feature of the human body.About _________ per cent of children with two right-handed parents will be left-handed. (6) With two left-handed parents, about ________ per cent of children will be right-handed. (60) The right half of the body is controlled by _______ of the brain. (the left hemisphere)Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section AFor any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest 1(I) . Only one name can possibly 2(C) itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of us use words, phrases and 3(N) from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the 4(K) property of the English-speaking people. Most of the time we are probably 5(D) of the source of the words we use, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and 6(A) that “it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations!” That is for sure a joke, however, the great influence that Shakespeare had on this particular language as well as the very people could easily be sensed.Shakespeare, perhaps more than any other writer, made 7(M) use of the great sources of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal 8(F) of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman!) to 9(J) the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the 10(L) ways in which Shakespeare used it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even through some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare’s day.A)ComplainedB)acquiredC)suggestD)unawareE)nightmareF)employmentG)acceptanceH)effective I)dramatist J)appreciate K)commonL)variousM)fullN)quotations O)automaticallySection BPassage OneThe Golden Gate Bridge is one of the world’s greatest suspension bridges and acclaimed also as the world’s most beautiful bridge.The Golden Gate, which this bridge spans, is a broad, deep three-mile strait, connecting the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. The Golden Gate Bridge is 8,450 feet long from abutment to abutment, exclusive of approaches. Pained red-orange, it contrasts with the greens, browns and blues of its setting and surroundings. Its towers rise above the Golden Gate to the height of a 65-story building, and its roadway structure suspended from the great main cables which pass over the lofty towers, rides above the waters at a 19-story height. The largest ships can sail under this bridge.The Golden Gate Bridge is a result of will and action. In 1917, the city of San Francisco asked Jaseph B Strauss, the extraordinary bridge builder and designer to tackle the problem of bridging the Gate, a problem generation of San Franciscans had regarded as insoluble andimpossible. Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge was started on January 5, 1933. Through nearly five years of actual building, slowed and delayed often by elements no human could control, the work went on bit by bit until it was completed in 1937. On May 27 of the same year it was opened to pedestrian traffic as a gala event and to regular vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the following day.The Golden Gate Bridge has been admired by visitors from all over the world. They admire its living grace in its magnificent setting. They respond to its many moods, its warm and vibrant glow in the early sun its seeming play with, or disdain of, incoming fog; its retiring, shadowy form before the sunset; its lovely appearance in its lights at night. To residents of the San Francisco Bay area, the Golden Gate Bridge is looked upon as the “Statue of Liberty” of the Pacific.(D) After you read the introduction to the Golden Gate Bridge, you know “Golden Gate” refers to _____.A) a place near San Francisco B) a big door near San FranciscoC) a bridge D) a strait(C)The Golden Gate Bridge is ______.A)8,450 feet longB)More than 8,450 feet with approaches excludedC)More than 8,450 feet with approaches includedD)8,450 feet long with approaches included(C)The Golden Gate Bridge is painted red and orange to ______.A) go with the setting B) compare with the settingC) contrast with the setting D) conform to with setting(B)Which of the following statements is true?A)The Golden Gate Bridge is the world’s most beautiful bridge.B)The Golden Gate Bridge could have been finished much earlier.C)It was not until May 28, 1938 that bridge was opened to regular vehicular traffic.D)The “Statue of Liberty” is the Golden Gate Bridge for the visitors.(A)The word “vibrant” probably means ______.A) bright B) light C) soft D) darkPassage TwoMost earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done comparatively little damage. If a building is well constructed and built on solid ground, it will resist an earthquake. Most deaths in earthquakes have been due to faulty building construction or poor building sites. A third and very serious factor is panic. When people rush out into narrow streets, more deaths will result.The United Nations gas played an important part in reducing the damage done byearthquakes. It has sent a team of experts to all countries known to be affected by earthquakes. Working with local geologists and engineers, the experts have studied the nature of the ground and the type of most practical building code for the local area. If followed, these suggestions will make disastrous earthquakes almost a thing of the past.There is one type of earthquake disaster that little can be done about. This is the disaster caused by seismic (地震的) sea waves, or tsunamis (海啸). (These are often called tidal waves, but the name is incorrect. They have nothing to do with tides.)In certain areas, earthquakes take place beneath the sea. These submarine earthquakes something give rise to seismic sea waves. The waves are not noticeable out at sea because of their long wave length. But when they roll into harbors, they pile up into walls of water 6 to 60 feet high. The Japanese call them “tsunamis”, meaning “harbor waves”, because they reach a sizable height only in harbors.Tsunamis travel fairly slowly, at speeds up to 500 miles an hour. An adequate warning system is in use to warn all shores likely to be reached by the waves. But this only enables people to leave the threatened shores for higher ground. There is no way to stop the oncoming wave. (C)Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A)The number of earthquakes is closely related to depth.B)Roughly the number of earthquakes doesn’t vary much every year.C)Earthquakes are likely to occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface.D)Earthquakes are most likely to occur near the surface.(A)The example of the toy building shows that ______.A)well constructed building could resist an earthquakeB)the destruction depends on an earthquake’s strengthC)ineffective instruments cause the destructionD)we should construct our building like a toy building(A)The destruction of Agadir is an example of ______.A) faulty building construction B) an earthquake’s strengthC) widespread panic in earthquakes D) ineffective instructions(B)The United Nations’ experts are supposed to ______.A) construct strong buildings B) put forward proposalsC) detect disastrous earthquakes D) monitor earthquakes(C)The significance of the slow speed of tsunamis is that people may ______.A) notice them out at sea B) find ways to prevent themC) be warned early enough D) develop warning systemsPart ⅤCloze (15 minutes) Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps 1 the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, 2 reading material and giving out 3 . The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and 4 what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture 5 notes which do not catch the main points and 6 become hard even for the 7 to understand.Most institutions provide courses which 8 new student to develop the skills they need to be 9 listeners and note-takers. 10 these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 11 learners to practice these skills 12 . In all cases it isimportant to 13 the problem 14 actually starting your studies.It is important to 15 that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills 16 in college study. One way of 17 these difficulties is to attend the language and study skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the 18 year. Another basic 19 is to find a study partner 20 it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.(B) 1. A) extending(C) 2. A) attributing (A) 3. A) assignments (C) 4. A) suspects (B) 5. A) without (D) 6. A) what(D) 7. A) teachers (C) 8. A) prevent(A) 9. A) effective (D) 10. A) Because (A) 11. A) enable (A) 12. A) independently (C) 13. A) evaluate(A) 14. A) before(B) 15. A) predict (B) 16. A) to require (D) 17. A) preventing (D) 18. A) average(B) 19. A) statement(C) 20. A) in that B) illustratingB) contributingB) informationB) understandsB) withB) thoseB) classmatesB) requireB) passiveB) ThoughB) stimulateB) repeatedlyB) acquaintB) afterB) acknowledgeB) requiredB) withstandingB) ordinaryB) strategyB) for whichC) performingC) distributingC) contentC) wondersC) onC) asC) partnersC) assistC) relativeC) WhetherC) advocateC) logicallyC) tackleC) whileC) argueC) requiringC) sustainingC) normalC) situationC) with whomD) conductingD) explainingD) definitionD) convincesD) exceptD) whichD) studentsD) forbidD) expressiveD) IfD) preventD) generallyD) formulateD) forD) ignoreD)are requiredD)overcomingD) academicD) suggestionD) such asPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)We should care all the students, __________ (不管他们地家庭如何). (regardless of their family backgrounds)We have prepared a surprise gift to __________ (明天第一个到我们店里地人,不管是谁). (whoever comes first to our shop tomorrow morning)_________________(由于市场上的激烈竞争), the big department store in the commercial center had to close down. (Due to fierce competition in the market/Owing to fierce competition in the market)It is high time that sex discrimination ___________ (在我们的社会中结束). (were ended in our society/disappeared in our society)_______________(这家人一度几乎不抱希望), but the patient finally pulled through after the operation. (The family had almost lost hope)。

大学英语四级模拟试题1

大学英语四级模拟试题（一）大学英语四级模拟试题（一）Part Ⅰ Writing Directions: For this part, you should write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Getting Certificates Certificates Certificates on on on Campus Campus . ou Y ou should should should write write write at at at least least least 150 150 150 words words words following following following the the outline given below. 1.大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热大学校园内各种证书的报考十分火热2.大学生考证的利弊大学生考证的利弊3.考证面前，我的选择考证面前，我的选择Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Main Energies for the Body A balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance maintenance of of of the the the body body body and and and therefore therefore therefore good good good health. health. health. A A A diet diet diet can can can easily easily easily be be be adequate adequate adequate for for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced balanced diet diet diet should should should be be be made made made from from from carbohydrates. carbohydrates. carbohydrates. If If If eaten eaten eaten in in in an an an excess excess excess of of of the the the dietary dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells. Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release release energy energy energy for for for active active active transport, transport, transport, macromolecule macromolecule macromolecule synthesis, synthesis, synthesis, cell cell cell division division division and and and muscle muscle contraction. contraction. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are are are digested digested digested in in in the the the duodenum duodenum duodenum and and and ileum ileum ileum and and and absorbed absorbed absorbed as as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source. Proteins Protein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and and repair repair repair of of of body body body tissues tissues tissues while while while remaining remaining remaining an an an energy energy energy source source source as as as a a a last last last resort. resort. resort. Proteins Proteins fulfill fulfill a a a wide wide wide variety variety variety of of of roles roles roles in in in the the the body. body. body. They They They are are are broken broken broken down down down in in in the the the stomach stomach stomach and and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized synthesized into into into proteins proteins proteins which which which can can can be be be structural, structural, structural, i.e. i.e. i.e. collagen collagen collagen in in in bone, keratin bone, keratin in in hair, hair, myosin and actin in muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones. Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will will not not not be be be present present present either. either. either. Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Phenylalanine is is is converted converted converted to to to tyrosine tyrosine tyrosine and and and methionine methionine methionine is is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino amino acids acids acids for for for cells cells cells to to to draw draw draw on, on, on, any any any amino amino amino acid acid acid in in in excess excess excess of of of immediate immediate immediate bodily bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down. If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the the lack lack lack of of of protein protein protein in in in the the the blood. blood. blood. The The The body body body cannot cannot cannot retain retain retain water water water by by by osmosis osmosis osmosis and and and fluid fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged. Vitamin Categories Vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently. Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which which are are are ingested ingested ingested with with with fatty fatty fatty foods foods foods and and and water water water soluble soluble soluble vitamins vitamins vitamins such such such as as as the the the B B B group group vitamins vitamins and and and vitamin vitamin vitamin C. C. C. Vitamins Vitamins are are known known known as as as micronutrients micronutrients micronutrients because because because only only only small small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A A can can can be be be considered considered considered toxic. toxic. toxic. Water Water Water soluble soluble soluble vitamins vitamins vitamins such such such as as as vitamin vitamin vitamin C C C and and and B B B groups groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet. Vitamins A Vitamin Vitamin A A A is is is essential essential essential to to to the the the proper proper proper functioning functioning functioning of of of the the the retina retina retina in in in the the the eye eye eye and and and the the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating lubricating tears tears tears is is is stopped, stopped, stopped, the the the eyelids eyelids eyelids become become become swollen swollen swollen and and and sticky sticky sticky with with with pus. pus. pus. Mucous Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A A into into into a a a pigment, pigment, pigment, rhodopsin, rhodopsin, rhodopsin, which which which is is is bleached bleached bleached when when when light light light enters enters enters the the the eye. eye. eye. Rod Rod Rod cells cells resynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut. Xenophthalmia Xenophthalmia is is is common common common among among among children children children who's who's who's diets diets diets consist consist consist of of of mainly mainly mainly cereals cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines. Vitamins D Vitamin Vitamin D, D, D, or or or calciferol, calciferol, calciferol, is is is another another another fat fat fat soluble soluble soluble steroid steroid steroid vitamin vitamin vitamin which which which functions functions functions to to stimulate stimulate calcium calcium calcium uptake uptake uptake from from from the the the gut gut gut and and and its its its deposition deposition deposition in in in bone. bone. bone. vitamin vitamin vitamin D D D acts acts acts as as as a a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is is therefore therefore therefore essential essential essential in in in growing growing growing children's children's children's diets diets diets to to to enable enable enable the the the growth growth growth of of of strong strong strong bones. bones. Without Without adequate adequate adequate amounts amounts amounts of of of vitamin vitamin vitamin D D D children children children can can can develop develop develop rickets, rickets, rickets, which which which is is is the the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture. Vitamin Vitamin D D D is is is made made made by by by the the the body body body when when when exposed exposed exposed to to to sunlight sunlight sunlight and and and is is is stored stored stored in in in the the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D. Vitamins K Vitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the the intestines intestines intestines bacteria bacteria bacteria synthesize synthesize synthesize a a a number number number of of of important important important clotting clotting clotting factors factors factors which which which need need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur. Vitamins C Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when when they they they did did did not not not have have have fruit fruit fruit in in in their their their diets. diets. diets. Scurvy Scurvy Scurvy causes causes causes painful, painful, painful, bleeding bleeding bleeding gums. gums. gums. As As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea. Vitamins B B B group group group vitamins vitamins vitamins have have have a a a wide wide wide range range range of of of roles roles roles acting acting acting as as as co-enzymes co-enzymes co-enzymes in in in metabolic metabolic pathways. pathways. They They They are are are found found found in in in most most most plant plant plant and and and animal animal animal tissues tissues tissues involved involved involved in in in metabolism, metabolism, therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells. 1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________. A. the cell B. the respiring process of carbohydrates C. fats in the cell D. a balanced diet 2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______. A. digestion B. respiration C. oxidization D. mobilization 3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______. A. stomach B. body tissues C. the body D. the diet 4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________. A. protein B. carbohydrates C. vitamins D. diet 5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients ” in that _________. A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urine B. the body only requires small amount of vitamins C. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxic D. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic 6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________. A. fat soluble vitamins B. water soluble vitamins C. vitamin A D. innate disability 7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________. A. the growth of strong bones B. fracture C. a progressive softening of the bones D. calcium uptake from the gut 8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________. 9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives __________ out of the body. 10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________. Part III Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: Directions: In In In this this this section, section, section, there there there is is is a passage a passage with with ten ten ten blanks. blanks. blanks. Y ou Y ou are are are required required required to to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47__ mind. Dreaming of something you ’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain ’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a a presentation presentation presentation at at at work work work or or or playing playing playing sports, sports, sports, can can can enhance enhance enhance your your your __48__. __48__. __48__. And And And cognitive cognitive neuroscientists neuroscientists have have have discovered discovered discovered that that that dreams dreams dreams and and and the the the rapid rapid rapid eye eye eye movement movement movement (REM) (REM) (REM) that that happens happens while while while you’re you’re you’re dreaming dreaming dreaming are are are __49__ __49__ __49__ to to to our our our ability ability ability to to to learn learn learn and and and remember. remember. Dreaming Dreaming is is is a a a “mood “mood “mood regulatory regulatory regulatory system,” system,” system,” says says says Rosalind Rosalind Rosalind Cartwright, Cartwright, Cartwright, PhD, PhD, PhD, chairman chairman chairman of of the psychology __50__ at Rush Universi ty Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams dreams help help help people people people work work work through through through the the the day’s day’s day’s emotional emotional emotional quandaries. quandaries. quandaries. “It’s “It’s “It’s like like like having having having a a built-built-in in in therapist,” therapist,” therapist,” says says says Cartwright. Cartwright. Cartwright. While While While we we we sleep, sleep, sleep, dreams dreams dreams __51__ __51__ __51__ new new new emotional emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen h im for 50 years. But the old and new images are __52__ related.” It ’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can can help help help real real real therapists therapists therapists treat treat treat patients patients patients __53__ __53__ __53__ traumatic traumatic traumatic ((创伤的) ) life life life events. events. events. In In In a a a new new study study of of of 30 30 30 recently recently recently __54__ __54__ __54__ adults, adults, adults, Cartwright Cartwright Cartwright tracked tracked tracked their their their dreams dreams dreams over over over a a a five-month five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through through their their their emotions emotions emotions a a nd nd __55__ __55__ __55__ with with with the the the divorce.” divorce.” divorce.” For For For therapists, therapists, therapists, this this this finding finding finding will will help __56__ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away. A. deal B. physically C. wake D. performance E. making F. undergoing G . experience H. divorced I. determine J. compare K. department L. conscious M. presentation N. linked O. emotionally Section B Directions: Directions: There There There are are are 2 2 2 passages passages passages in in in this this this section. section. section. Each Each Each passage passage passage is is is followed followed followed by by by some some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. A A few few few years years years ago ago ago a a a young young young mother mother mother watched watched watched her her her husband husband husband diaper diaper diaper ((给…换尿布) ) their their firstborn son. “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to to him him him and and and smile smile smile a a a little.little.” The The father, father, father, who who who happened happened happened to to to be be be a a a psychologist, psychologist, psychologist, answered answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist Psychologist now now now know know know how how how wrong wrong wrong that that that father father father was. was. was. From From From the the the moment moment moment of of of birth, birth, birth, a a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊的) ) shadows, shadows, shadows, that that that his his his other other other senses senses senses were were were undeveloped, undeveloped, undeveloped, and and and that that that all all all he he he required required required was was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet. Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime. Far Far from from from being being being helpless, helpless, helpless, the the the newborn newborn newborn knows knows knows what what what he he he likes likes likes and and and rejects rejects rejects what what what he he doesn ’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a a glutton glutton glutton for for for novelty. novelty. novelty. He He He prefers prefers prefers animate animate animate things things things over over over inanimate inanimate inanimate and and and likes likes likes people people people more more than anything. When When a a a more more more nine nine nine minutes minutes minutes out, out, out, an an an infant infant infant prefers prefers prefers a a a human human human face face face to to to a a a head-shaped head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he ’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同时发生) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response. 57. 57. The The The author author points points out out out that that that the the the father father father diapering diapering his his first-born first-born son son was was was wrong wrong because________. A) he believed the baby was not able to hear him B) he thought the baby didn ’t have the power of speech C) he was a psychologist unworthy of his profession D) he thought the baby was not capable of any response 58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows. B) A new infant ’s senses are undeveloped C) All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet. D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment 59. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty ” probably mean? A) The newborn is greedy for new food. B) The newborn tends to overeat. C) The newborn always loves things that are new to him. D) The newborn ’s appetite is a constant topic in novels. 60. According to the passage, it ’s groundless to think that newborns prefer________. A) a human face to a head-shaped outline B) animate things to inanimate ones C) human voice to non-human sounds D) nourishment to a warm bassinet 61. What is the passage mainly discussing about? A) What people know about newborns. B) How wrong parents are when they handle their babies. C) How much newborns have progressed in about a decade ’s time. D) Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Mobile office is the mutual product of economic ，scientific ，and social progress.Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime anytime via via via the the the support support support of of of mobile mobile mobile interconnection interconnection interconnection platform(MIP)and platform(MIP)and platform(MIP)and its its its applications applications systems. Using mobile office and W AP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, anytime, can can can send send send and and and receive receive receive data data data via via via terminals terminals terminals such such such as as as mobile mobile mobile phone, phone, phone, and and and palm palm computer, and can surf the Internet. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business ，what would happen to your business routine?Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry ” to the clients. But, your business will be affected ，the clients will be unhappy unhappy and and and disappointed disappointed disappointed because because because of of of your your your delay delay ，and and you you you will will will lose lose lose a a a lot lot lot of of of business business opportunities. In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one one mobile mobile mobile phone phone phone with with with data data data communications communications communications function. Thus, function. Thus, mobile mobile office office office has has has already already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized. Mobile Mobile office office office has has has provided provided provided people people people with with with convenient, convenient, convenient, casual casual casual working working working environment, environment, but but at at at the the the same same same time time time it it it still still still has has has some some some unsatisfactory unsatisfactory unsatisfactory aspects aspects aspects such such such as as as mismatching mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, progress, people people people can can can certainly certainly certainly overcome overcome overcome all all all kinds kinds kinds of of of difficulties. difficulties. difficulties. Mobile Mobile Mobile office office office will will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users’ living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises’ production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.62. According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except ________ . A) keeping update with the latest news B) checking e-mails any time one wants C) conducting internet surfing D) finding one ’s true love in life 63. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph? A) You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work. B) You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely. C) When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged. D) When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry. 64. When you let your office “move ” with you, you __________ . A) will never let your clients down B) you don ’t have to stay at office anymore C) you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytime D) you no longer face the dilemma between work and life 65. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ . A) mobile office communication is very cost-consuming B) with the development of science, mobile office has eventually come to our life C) people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty before D) economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office 66. According to the author, mobile office _________ . A) would help achieve complete communication mobility B) is too expensive to afford by small companies C) has some fatal defects impossible to modify D) is too complicated to operate in everyday business Part V Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and and comprehend comprehend comprehend _68_can _68_can _68_can mean mean mean the the the difference difference difference between between between success success success and and and failure. failure. failure. Y Y et the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers. Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them. The The main main main deficiency deficiency deficiency _71_in _71_in _71_in the the the actual actual actual component component component of of of language language language itself-words. itself-words. itself-words. Take Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. _73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over _75_you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another Another habit habit which _76_down _76_down the the the speed speed speed of of of reading reading reading is is is vocalization-sounding vocalization-sounding vocalization-sounding each each word wither orally or mentally when a _77_reads. To To overcome overcome overcome these these these bad bad bad habits habits habits some some some reading reading reading clinics clinics clinics use use use a a a device device device called called called an an an _78_, _78_, which moves a bar (or a curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate _79_the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator accelerator forces forces forces the the the reader reader reader to to to read read read fast, fast, fast, _80_word-by-word _80_word-by-word _80_word-by-word reading, reading, reading, regression regression regression and and 。

大学英语四级全真模拟答案(一)

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part Ⅰ WritingComputer Games on CampusToday, many college students are absorbed in playing computer games. Maybe there is some truth in the statement that computer games are fun and will train one's reactivity, determination, and attention.However, the merits of computer games can never compensate for the negative effects they have. First, it is very time-consuming to play computer games. The game fans have sacrificed almost all their time thus they have no time to attend class, to take exercises, or even to date. Upon graduation many will regret that they have wasted the precious college time on nothing. Second, those who play computer games excessively would easily fall victim to various illnesses. For example, game fans always fix their eyes on the screen; therefore, they are likely to be near-sighted. Third, the game fans, who spend their time before the lifeless computers, usually overlook their relationship with others. They would find that they have some mental or psychic problems.Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)这篇文章向人们介绍了在五一外出度假期间怎样保持女人漂亮本色。

大学英语四级模拟测试（一）（附答案）

听力（略）Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (40 points)Passage 1Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are necessary part of life.Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and neighbors' children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.26. Many families in the U.S. own cars because ________.A) cars are a source of pleasure for themB) they need a car to form a car poolC) they live more than a mile away from the schoolD) cars form necessary part in their life27. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned though they certainly drive cars?A) Office workers.B) Police and mail carriers.C) Salesmen and farmers.D) Factory workers.28. Paragraph 3 suggests that in the United States ________.A) children have to walk to schoolB) school buses take all the children to schoolC) mothers drive children to schoolD) families usually live within a mile from the school29. "A car pool" most probably means ________.A) a number of people sharing the use of a carB) a place for parking carsC) a group of tourists driving alternativelyD) a place for learning to drive30. What is the author's advice about the use of cars?A) To provide larger parking spaces.B) To build better roads.C) To produce fewer automobiles.D) To form more car pools.Passage 2Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Recent fires have destroyed much of Indonesian forests and pose the latest threat to the survival of the endangered orangutans（红毛猿）. Thirty orangutans fleeing their burning forest home have been killed by villagers, who see the animals as crop raiders. Orangutan mothers have been killed so that their young can be captured and sold into the illegal wildlife pet trade. Orangutan experts continue to receive orangutan infants whose mothers have been killed while searching for food in plantations and fields.The fires, caused by drought and coupled with fire-setting methods to clear forests, have destroyed more than two million acres. When fire gets into the rainforests' layer of dry peat (partly decayed plant material which covers the soil), it can burn slowly off and on for months or years after the original fire. These fires continue until heavy rainfall soaks the peat through and through. Orangutans once numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but their population has dropped to roughly 25 000 due to fire, the destruction of forests from felling trees for timber and agriculture, and losses linked to the live-animal trade. Before the fires, only 40 percent of the orangutans' original habitat remained, and now, their habitat has become even smaller.31. What can be the best title for this passage?A) Fires Drive Orangutans to Danger.B) Orangutans Are Precious Animals.C) Fires in Indonesia Keep on Flaming.D) Orangutans Endanger the Crops of Indonesia.32. Which of the following is true about villagers?A) They set fire in order to kill orangutans for food.B) They are ignorant of wild life pets trade.C) They dislike orangutans because they destroy crops.D) They continue to receive orangutans infants.33. According to this passage, fires in Indonesia ________.A) will not end until it starts to rainB) will be eventually put out by human effortC) will die out when the winds stop blowingD) will only stop when the peat is totally wet34. Some people buy orangutans because ________.A) they want to save orangutansB) they want to keep orangutans as petsC) they want to build new homes for orangutansD) they want to take care of orangutan infants35. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decreasing of orangutans in Indonesia?A) The forests have been burned to make land for agriculture.B) Most of orangutans' forests have been destroyed.C) Mother orangutans have been caught and sold in pet-animal market.D) Trees have been cut down for human profits.Passage 3Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Don't try kicking the tires on a very modern and strange car developed by students at Coventry University. Not only does the car have no tires, it has no steering wheel, either.The Coventry Concept Car, as it is called is a completely new design that looks more like a snail（蜗牛）than an automobile. No working model, or functional form of the vehicle exists yet, but its designers recently introduced a life-sized model and explained how a real one would work. Electric motors would move rapidly undulating pad（形成波浪状气垫）underneath the car; moving the vehicle in any direction at speeds up to 480 km per hour. The motion would be a much faster way of crawling ? the way snails move. (Muscles in the bottom of a snail's flat foot contract （收缩）in waves that push the snail along the ground.)Steering of the snail car would be handled automatically by an onboard computer, which would receive signals from orbiting satellites. Those signals would help guide the snail car along a preprogrammed route.Even the car's color could be computer-controlled, the student designer suggested. Instead of a painted out appearance, the snail car would sport an electronically sensitive film that changes color according to its surroundings.36. The Coventry Concept Car is designed mainly based on ________.A) the appearance of a snailB) the movement of a snailC) the life-size of a snailD) the behavior of a snail37. Which of the following is true about the Coventry Concept Car?A) Its first working model can run at 480 km per hour.B) Its direction is controlled by a steering wheel.C) It moves in all directions on a pair of flat feet.D) It travels automatically along preprogrammed routes.38. The color of the car can be changed ______.A) by applying different films onto its exteriorB) automatically in accordance with its surroundingsC) by signals received by the car computerD) according to the customer's requirement39. The word "sport" in the last but one line most probably means _______.A) applyB) wearC) runD) notice40. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A) A Car at a Speed of a SnailB) A Computer-Controlled Electronic V ehicleC) A Car Without Tires and Steering WheelD) A Car with No Functional FormPassage 4Question 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?Many people are afraid to assert themselves（坚持自己的权利）. Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always a 'superior' around: a parent, a teacher, a boss who 'knows better'."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help those people assert themselves. They offer "Assertiveness Training" courses ? A T for short. In the A T course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an A T course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But A T uses an even stronger motive ? the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. Y ou start to doubt your own good sense. Y ou go by the other person's label. But, why should you? A T says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.41. The problem the writer talks about is that _______.A) some people buy things they don't wantB) some people are afraid of arguing for themselvesC) there are too many "superiors" around usD) there is too much pressure from our society42. The cause of the problem discussed in this passage is that _______.A) some people have a low self-imageB) there is always someone around who "knows better"C) salesmen talk people into buying things they don't wantD) people don't share opinions in a group43. The set-up of our society often _______.A) makes people distrust themselvesB) makes things more favorable for "superiors"C) keeps people from knowing as much as their "superiors"D) helps people to learn to speak up for their rights44. A T is one solution to the problem in this passage, but one thing A T doesn't promote is to help people ________.A) to share their feelingsB) to have a right to be oneselfC) to overcome their fear before othersD) to be more aggressive45. The title for this passage could be ________.A) Assertiveness TrainingB) Loss of Self-respectC) The Importance of Human RightsD) Share Y our Feelings with OthersPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the se ntences. (10 points)46. Those high school students _____ to computer games will usually lose interest in their studies.A) absorbed B) addicted C) approached D) adapted47. What did you put in your suitcase? It's almost _____ mine.A) four times as heavy as B) four times heavier as C) as four times heavy as D) as heavy as four times48. In some countries today, it is still illegal for doctors to help a woman have a(n) _____.A) pregnancy B) abortion C) miscarriage D) embryo49. Metal _____ when cooled and expands when heated.A) decreases B) reduces C) condenses D) contracts50. The employees were afraid to ask for a salary raise _____ they should lose their jobs.A) lest B) or else C) so that D) in order that51. There has been a heated controversy over the new traffic _____ forbidding automobiles in downtown during the daytime.A) laws B) bans C) alerts D) regulations52. She has won a _____ prize for her poems published in the past 10 years.A) privileged B) awarded C) prestigious D) rewarded53. Each man and woman must sign _____ full names before entering the examination room.A) his B) her C) their D) one's49. Giving the child problems he can't solve will only ________ him.A) frustrate B) challenge C) conquer D) press54. It is pleasant to see that the whole community has participated in this environmental action with great _____.A) validity B) vow C) vigor D) vision55. As they can't have a child of their own, they're going to _____ a little girl.A) adapt B) adopt C) adjust D) receive56. It's no use _____ wit him. Y ou might as well argue with a stone wall.A) arguing B) of arguing C) in arguing D) to argue57. The official figures of unemployment revealed that millions of citizens could hardly make a _____ living.A) honest B) decent C) appropriate D) suitable58. The company has been found guilty violating copyright laws _____ a regular _____.A) for ... reason B) by ... way C) on ... basis D) to ... degree59. Believe it or not, he arrived in America with only 25 dollars _____.A) by his name B) to his name C) in his name D) with his name60. _____ is no reason for dismissing her.A) A few minutes late B) Owing to a few minutes late C) Because she was a few minutes late D) Being a few minutes late61. I handed in the application two months ago, but I have not received any response _____.A) in date B) out of date C) to date D) on date62. In the course of a day our students do far more than just _____ classes.A) attending B) attended C) to attend D) attend63. The newspaper didn't mention its secret _____ who provided the information for the event.A) resource B) source C) origin D) cause64. The clothes a person wears may express his _____ or social position.A) state B) significance C) determination D) status65. If I hadn't turned off the power before you touched the wires, you _____ now.A) wouldn't have smiled B) didn't smile C) wouldn't be smiling D) couldn't have smiledPart IV T ranslationSection A:Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese.(5 points)(66) To be successful at business, you not only have to be good at what you do, but you have to be good at letting others know how good you are at what you do. Y ou have to come up with a plan to get your product or service in the market place. Y ou have to come up with a marketing plan. (67) This marketing plan involves two parts: you have to figure out who the market is; and you have to make the product or service known to that market. These two work together.It is a rare case in marketing when a product has appeal to everyone regardless of sex, age, income level or special interests. (68) The more typical case is that a product will appeal to a limited group of people who are willing to put down their hard-earned dollars to buy what you have to sell.(69) The basic question to keep in mind as you develop your marketing plan is: Who would want to buy the type of product I make and how can I develop it to be saleable to these special people? Once you define your market, you often have to modify your product to fit that market. Sometimes the answer to this question is clear and logical. Often, however, a business person has to do some research and experimentation to find the answer. (70) Many a business has failed because people didn't consider this obvious but critical question: Who is the market?66. ____________________________________________________________________________67.____________________________________________________________________________68. ____________________________________________________________________________69. ____________________________________________________________________________70. ____________________________________________________________________________Section BDirections: In this section, you will translate 5 sentences below into English. (10 points)71. 一群科学家上周在一次新闻发布会上宣布的克隆计划在全世界引起了轩然大波。

大学英语四级模拟试题一（附含答案解析）

⼤学英语四级模拟试题⼀（附含答案解析）⼤学英语四级模拟题⼀Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10%) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Media Selection for AdvertisementsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home, Internet, and direct mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? You can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication. But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television’s influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous（具有共同特点的）than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers.NewspapersAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually. It has increased its national circulation（发⾏量）by 40% and is now available for home delivery in 168 cities. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium. Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and providea way for advertisers to communicate a longer, more detailed message to their audience than they can through television. Given new production techniques, advertisements can be printed in newspapers in about 48 hours, meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the message out. Newspapers are often the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local readers.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow. Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor billboards（⼴告牌）and the Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeat their ads often. Internet companies are also turning to radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day. Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.Two major changes---satellite and Internet radio---will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market. Magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcastmedium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous. If you read Sports Illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s othe r readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertisers using the print media---magazines and newspapers---will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the Internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers. These audiences will be more diverse and geographically dispersed（分散）than in the past. Second, advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences.Out-of-home advertisingOut-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective. Technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past. Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety inthe types of messages they create because they can change their messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market. As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet, the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that audience members remember.Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations’ advertising in the near future. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well.Direct mailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client’s message. Direct mail includes newsletters, postcards and special promotions. Direct mailis an effective way to build relationships with consumers. For many businesses, direct mail is the most effective form of advertising.1. Television is attractive advertising medium in that ________.A. it has large audiencesB. it appeals to housewivesC. it helps build up a company’s reputationD. it is affordable to most advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TV channels, ________.A. the cost of TV advertising has decreasedB. the number of TV viewers has increasedC. advertisers’ interest in other media has decreasedD. the number of TV ads people can see has increased3. Compared with television, newspaper as an advertising medium ________.A. earn a larger annual ad revenueB. convey more detailed messagesC. use more production techniquesD. get messages out more effectively4. Advertising on radio continues to grow because ________.A. more local radio stations have been set upB. modern technology makes it more entertainingC. it provides easy access to consumersD. it has been revolutionized by Internet radio5. Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to ________.A. reach target audiencesB. appeal to educated peopleC. attract diverse audiencesD. convey all kinds of messages6. Out-of-home advertising has become more effective because ________.A. billboards can be replaced within two hoursB. consumers travel more now than ever beforeC. such ads have been made much more attractiveD. the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are ________.A. quick to updateB. pleasant to look atC. easy to rememberD. convenient to access8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences thattend to be_________________.9. Direct mail is an effective form of advertising for businesses to develop_______________.10. This passage discusses how advertisers select ______ __ for advertisements.（8-10题答案请写在答题纸上）Part II Listening Comprehension (35%) Section A (15%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. A. To reach US$13 million. B. To reach US$30 million.C. To reach US$300 million.D. To reach US$3 million.12. A. 80%. B. 60%. C. 50%. D. 70%.13. A. 160. B. 60. C. 116. D. 106.14. A. Meet Mr. Wilson. B. Make a cup of tea.C. Give Mr. Milson a call.D. Write down the number.15. A. The man does not need a car to get around.B. The man lives far away from the subway.C. The man is not good at driving.D. The man enjoys driving a car.16. A. It is attractive. B. It is exciting.C. It is boring.D. It is important.17. A. Stay at home and complete the paper on her own.B. Save time by using Mary’s computer.C. Buy a computer herself.D. Borrow Mary’s computer.18. A. Talk to the boss. B. Restart the discussion.C. Have a fresh mind.D. Have a break.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. Her mother. B. Her friend.C. Her husband.D. Herself.20. A. A 40 percent discount. B. A 10 percent discount.C. A 15 percent discount.D. A 20 percent discount.21. A. 40 dollars. B. 48 dollars.C. 60 dollars.D. 54 dollars.22. A. Because the woman has only 47 dollars.B. Because there’s a button missing on the blouse.C. Because it is the last blouse.D. Because it is the special offer for this week.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A. In the dining hall. B. In the room.C. In the Rainbow Bar.D. Not given.24. A. Room 610. B. Room 061.C. Room 106.D. Room 601.25. A. In a motel. B. In a hotel.C. In a dormitory.D. In a bar.Section B (10%)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.B. Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C. The United States is a country of immigrants.D. Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.27. A. They can make friends with people from other countries.B. They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C. They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D. They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.28. A. The couple cooks the dishes and the children help them.B. The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.C. The mother does the cooking while the father and the children wait on the guests.D. A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests. Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A. Their family members. B. Their relatives.C. Their closed friends.D. Strangers.30. A. To get advice. B. To subscribe.C. To place an advertisement.D. To apply for membership.31. A. They are two well-known writers who give advice.B. They are two famous doctors.C. They are two lawyers.D. They are two professors at the New York State University.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A. At 7:00. B. At 7:50.C. On time.D. Behind its time.33. A. To take a taxi to St. Louis.B. To take a bus to St. Louis.C. To carry his bags and hurry to the Union Station.D. To get off before Union Station and take a taxi.34. A. He managed to catch the train he needed.B. He failed to catch the train to St. Louis.C. As soon as he got on the train it began to leave the station.D. Thanks to the porter’s help, he was in time for the train.35. A. Late Again. B. A Helpful Conductor.C. At the Union Station.D. Conductor, Porter and I.Section C (10%)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. （答案请写在答题纸上）Americans are used to traveling. Some people make long-distance commutes to work (36) __________. Their jobs may even require them to take (37) __________ business trips. Most companies provide an (38) __________ vacation for their employees and people often use that time to travel. Some people just visit friends or relatives in distant states. Others go on low-budget (39) __________ excursions and stay in economy motels. Those with more (40) __________tastes choose luxurious resorts and hotels. Camping out in the great (41) __________appeals to adventurous types.Most Americans prefer to travel within their nation’s borders. Why? For one thing, it’s cheaper than traveling (42)__________ and there’s no language problems. But besides that, the vast American territory offers numerous tourist attractions. Nature lovers can enjoy beaches, mountains, canyons, lakes and a wealth of natural wonders. (43) __________ cities offer visitors a multitude of urbandelights. The convenience of modern freeways, (44) ___________________ makes travel in America as easy as pie. Many American vacations are as unique as unique as the people who take them. Families often plan their trips with (45)_____________________. More and more “family friendly” vacation resorts offer special programs for children. History buffs seek out famous historical sites and museums. Environmentalists prefer “green vacations”. Some people find sea cruises (46) _______________________________. Others hit the water to go fishing, skiing or white-water rafting.Part III Reading Comprehension (20%) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OnePart-time jobs are nothing new to us college students. It is common for students to practice their salesmanship when they have free time. However, I was extremely shocked when I learned one of our teachers had also joined in the profit-making business.She is our physical education teacher. The other day she publicly commented on the pimples (丘疹) on a student’s face andthen presented the girl with a sample bottle of nameless face cream.According to the teacher, the face cream was produced in France. Each small bottle costs more than 40 yuan. From my viewpoint, it is a complete waste of money to buy such thing. “Why don’t you decline and refuse to buy it?” I suggested to the girl. She signed, “If I do that, I am afraid that my teacher may give me a lower mark in PE.” In other words, as long as she made a good deal with the teacher, an “excellent” on her PE course would follow.I was depressed. The teacher abused her social role. Her priority should be to give us proper education and training. Instead, she is trying to make a profit from us. She is unfit to be a good “engineer in cultivat ing the spirit of mankind”.47. The idea for students to do part-time jobs is _________.A. unheardB. uncommonC. surprisingD. not fresh48. The teacher made a comment on the pimples on a student’s face in order to _________.A. sell somethingB. show concern for the studentsC. make her lessons more interestingD. help her students learn something49. The writer believes that the cream _________.A. is worthy buyingB. is of high qualityC. is uselessD. can cure the pimples on the student’s face50. We may infer that _________.A. many students bought the creamB. no students bought the creamC. the writer got some free creamD. the cream was made by the teacher herself51. From the passage we can infer that _________.A. some students have failed their PE examsB. the students don’t like the teacherC. the teacher is welcome by her studentsD. the teacher has given her students proper education and trainingPassage TwoShu Pudong has helped at least l, 000 people bitten by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career,” he said.In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms or legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives.“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his field when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized that he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time, he wrapped a cloth tightly around his arm to stop the poison spreading to the heart. Rushing home he shouted ‘Bring me the knife’. Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.52. The best title for this article is “_________”.A. Astonishing MedicineB. Farmer Loses ArmC. Dangerous BitesD. Snake Doctor53. The farmer lost his arm because _________.A. the cloth was wrapped too tightlyB. he cut it off to save his lifeC. Shu wasn’t there to help himD. he was alone in the field54. Shu decided to devote himself to snake medicine because _________.A. he wanted to save people’s arms and legsB. he had studied it at a medical schoolC. he had seen snakes biting peopleD. his army service had finished55. Why did Shu go into the mountains？A. He didn’t want to study snake bites.B. He wanted to help the farmers.C. He was being trained to be a doctor.D. He was expected to serve in the army.56. Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word “career”in the first paragraph？A. conclusionB. storyC. incidentD. jobPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%) Directions: There are20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. In__57__a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend __58__can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are__59__readers. Most of us develop poor reading __60__at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency__61__in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have __62__meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. __63__, however, the untrainedreader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to __64__words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over__65__you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which __66__down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as__67__reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an __68__, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate __69__the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch”him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, __70__word-by-word reading, regression and sub-vocalization, practically impossible. At first __71__is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read idea s and concepts, you will not only read faster, __72__your comprehension will improve. Many people have found __73__reading skill drastically improved after some training. __74__Chalice Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute __75__the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can __76__a lot more reading material in a short period of time.57. A. applying B. doing C. offering D. getting58. A. quickly B. easily C. roughly D. decidedly59. A. good B. curious C. poor D. urgent60. A. training B. habits C. situations D. custom61. A. lies B. combines C. touches D. involves62. A. some B. a lot C .little D. dull63. A. Fortunately B. In fact C. Logically D. Unfortunately64. A. reuse B. reread C. rewrite D. recite65. A. what B. which C. that D. if66. A. scales B. cuts C. slows D. measures67. A. some one B. one C. he D. reader68. A. accelerator B. actor C. amplifier D. observer69. A. then B. as C. beyond D. than70. A. enabling B. leading C. making D. indicating71. A. meaning B. comprehension C. gist D. regression72. A. but B. nor C. or D. for73. A. our B. your C. their D. such a74. A. Look at B. Take C. Make D. Consider75. A. for B. in C. after D. before76. A. master B. go over C. present D. get throughPart V Translation (10%)Directions: Complete sentences by translating into English the Chinese given inbrackets. Put the answers down on the Answer Sheet. （答案请写在答题纸上）77. The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou is ________________________ (我⽆法⽤语⾔来表述).78. Why is she looking at me ________________________ (像是她认识我似的)? I’venever seen her before in my life.79. I don’t enjoy going to the movies. ________________________ (在我看来), it’sjust a waste of time.80. The Canadian speaks Chinese ________________________ (和他说英语⼀样流利).81. ________________________ (Tony 是否来), doesn’t matter much. We can rely on ourselves.Part VI Writing(15%)Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay on the topicAttend Your Classes Regularly. You should write at least 120 words (no morethan 150 words) based on the outline given below:1.现在⼤学校园⾥，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象。

大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案

⼤学英语四级考试全真预测试卷 Model Test OnePart I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是⼀个⼈要⾯对的众多难题之⼀。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向多⼈寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide waterfor)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated withbacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink? ［A］The rivers flowing into it have been diverted. ［B］Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland. ［C］Government planners over-pumped its water. ［D］High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects . ［A］does more good than harm ［B］solves more problems than what they created ［C］does more harm than good ［D］brings more water to people than expected3.The chief causes of water shortage include . ［A］population growth and water waste ［B］water pollution and dry weather ［C］water waste and pollution ［D］population growth and water pollution4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages? ［A］living in rich areas ［B］living in big cities but poor condition ［C］depending on groundwater ［D］bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries? ［A］Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers. ［B］Raw sewage into rivers and streams. ［C］Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers. ［D］Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water? ［A］By covering the whole surface of the water. ［B］By competitively using oxygen life in water needs. ［C］By living more rapidly than other life in water . ［D］By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems? ［A］government and housewives.［B］farmers and manufacturers. ［C］ordinary people and manufacturers. ［D］government and every person.8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.。

大学英语四级全真模拟(一)

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Computer Games on Campus. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 计算机游戏对大学生有一定益处;2. 但是现在有太多的人沉迷其中;3. 你的看法。

Computer Games on CampusPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1~7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8~10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to be a traveling beauty this May holidayMay Day holiday is a time for traveling. Go to the seaside, enjoy beautiful sunshine and soft breezes and let your mind and body both relax; hide away in a small town, amble on winding pebble tracks and melt into the romantic ambiance; or take up your backpack, go mountaineering, stretch your body and smell the fresh air…They all sound wonderful. But changi ng environments can pose threats to delicate skin. How can you protect yourself and stay beautiful through seven days of traveling? Here are some helpful suggestions.If you’re going to the seaside:Typical resort: SanyaTypical weather: 24-31℃ with strong ultraviolet sunrays and fresh air.Warm sunshine, fresh sea breezes, and moist air make the seaside an agreeable haven from Beijing’s dust. But excessive sun exposure can easily darken your skin, and of course most Chinese girls prefer fair skin. To prepare for a pleasing and beautiful sojourn (逗留) at the seaside take note of following:1. Night time skin careEven if you’ve managed to block the sun in the daytime, give your skin a soothing rehabilitative (使复原的) treatment in the evening. Cool your glowing skin witha product like La Mer’s newly released The Concentrate (50ml/RMB 3,700).2. Shine in your bikini.At the seashore, your body is more in the spotlight than your face. To become a bikini beauty, you need to take care of every inch of your skin. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub, which will not only let your exposed skin shine, but also acts as a deep cleanser to help prevent skin from darkening and roughening aftertoo much sun and salt water.3. Control excess oil.Never try to control oil with foundation that will clog pores (阻塞毛孔) when combined with sun block cream. Gentle oil-control products do a better job.4. Hair care.Beautiful girls never use free hotel shampoos, they carry their own moisturizing restoring hair care products. Wash your face and hair with fresh water after swimming to get rid of salty residue (残余，滤渣), and remember to protect your hair from too much sun exposure.Recommended skin care products1. SPF30/PA++sunscreen products. HR Premium SPF40/PA++(RMB 620) protects your skin from ultraviolet rays.2. Soothing, moisturizing, and after-sun rehabilitating products. Olay Intensive Nourishing Emulsion (RMB 120) has natural hot spring microelements to give rapid relief to burned skin.3. Gentle exfoliating scrubs.4. Easy to carry oil-control products.5. Moisturizing shampoo and hair protection products.Tips1. Whitening is as important as wearing sunscreen. For dry skins, moisturizing products are a must. Laneige Water Sleeping Pack (RMB 150) is a good choice.2. For sensitive skins, Nuskin Aloe Vera Gel complements sun block creams. Washing your face with lemonade stops skin from darkening and is refreshing.3. Never use body sun block creams on your face. Use special facial sun block creams. For drier skins, Chanel UV Essential SPF45 (RMB 450) is nice, but Shu Uemura UV under Base DF (RMB 350) is much fresher.If you’re going to a small town:Typical resorts: Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu; Phoenix, ZhejiangTypical weather: 11-25℃ with a lot of ultraviolet radiationAs depicted in Teresa Teng’s popular song Xiaocheng Gushi (Small Town Romances), small-secluded charming Chinese towns are the scene of many romances. Pebble tracks, winding lanes and ancient low villas make romantic backdrop for lovers wandering hand-in-hand. To prepare for a romantic and sweet stay in a small town, take note of the following:1. Go easy on the make up! To match your light-hearted mood we recommend the minimum of make-up. Basic skin care to keep your face healthy and glowing is enough.2. Wear flirtatious (俏皮的) colors for special nights.Liquid foundation in heavy glass bottles and powdered blush or eye shadow is not easy to carry. So we recommend sun-blocking pressed powder, two-in-one brow pencil and eye liners, and products that can be used on both lips and cheeks.3. Make-up removal.Remember to remove sun block creams at night. Try a moisturizing and relaxing mask, and we promise you a renewed glowing complexion the next day.Recommended skin care products1. SPF15/PA+sun block face cream. Its small size makes Freeplus UV Day Protector (RMB 190, sun block and moisturizer) a good choice.2. A multi-functional cosmetic case. Bobbi Brow’ns hand-sized palettes (RMB 380), including a foundation stick, creamy concealer, corrector, and sheer finish pressed powder are convenient.3. Clear foundation. Maybelline Mousse White Stay (RMB 89) the mousse-like texture makes this foundation light, breathable, and easy to carry.4. Make up remover. Lancome’s mild Gentle Clarifying and Cleaning Fluid (small set) is perfect for traveling and it does a good job of removing all make-up thoroughly.Tips1. Apart from your daily skin care routine, traveling girls may also need protective lip cream, mascara (Maybelline is a good cheap choice), and fragrance (Try Anna Sui’s fresh Secret Wish Eau de Toilette).2. For lazy girls, base creams are especially useful. Wearing just a base foundation cream is enough and saves the trouble of constantly reapplying foundation at romantic moments. Others may try creamy concealers and pressed powers. Adding blush (Watsons small tubes of blush are cheap/RMB20-30 and works well) will give a healthy glow.If you’re going mountaineering:Typical resorts: Huashan, Shanxi; Huangshan, Anhui; Shennongjia, SichuanTypical weather: 10-20℃, a high level of ultraviolet radiation and dry air.Boys often complain that mountaineering girls with their disheveled (凌乱的) hair and no make up don’t look attractive. In res ponse to this, we recommend you use absolutely no make up except for basic skin care. But looking beautiful without the aid of make up isn’t easy! With all your mountaineering equipment in your backpack, there isn’t much room for skin care products. The ke y is to choose the most important ones only, such as the following:1. Moisturizing products.Moisturizing and hydrating creams and masks help you become both sporty and ladylike.2. Sun block products.Even though the sunshine is usually not too strong in the mountains, you should take care not to be burned by ultraviolet radiation. Fresh breathable SPF20-30 sun block products are recommended.3. Facial cleaning pads.Easy to carry cleaning pads help you stay fresh and clean at all times.4. Soothing creams.Compound soothing creams can be applied onto the skin directly to reduce inflammation and help you relax.5. Lip conditioner and hand cream to prevent dryness caused by wind.Tips1. Make sure you have enough moisturizing skin care products, including a cleanser, cream, lotion and mask, even at the expense of make up products.2. Secret recipe mask: While your boyfriend is away finding wood for the fire, apply a mashed banana to your face and leave for over ten minutes. Although tiny allergic symptoms (red swollen patches) may appear right after you rinse (冲洗掉, 漂净) off the mask, your face will be dazzling after a sound sleep.1. Tips of how to stay beautiful through traveling are provided in the passage.2. Exfoliate with a fine-grained scrub can help prevent skin from darkening.3. Beautiful girls never use free hotel toothbrush.4. Travelers had better not use special facial sun block creams on body.5. Typical resorts to a small town are Lijiang, Yunnan; Zhouzhuang and Sichuan.6. If you’re going to Shanxi, you are recommended to use basic skin care.7. Five tips are offered before you’re going mountaineering.8. Typical temperature for going mountaineering is .9. The name of the popular song mentioned in the passage is .10. To prevent dryness caused by wind in mountains, you should take .Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She wants to submit her paper early. B) The answers on the paper are all correct.C) The deadline has passed for the paper. D) The paper is not quite finished.12. A) She does not like the class. B)It is not a required class.C)She has already taken the class. D)The man will have to take the class.13. A)Have a party. B)Attend the International Students’ Association.C)Go to work. D)Get some rest.14. A) Leave immediately. B) Watch the game on TV.C) Start to play. D) Eat a sandwich.15. A) He went to see the foreign student advisor. B) He went to Washington.C) He wrote to the Passport Office. D) He reported it to the Passport Office.16. A) A concert. B) An art museum.C) A flower shop. D) A restaurant.17. A) He is at lunch. B) He is at the office.C) He is in class. D) He is at home.18. A) Take the ten o’clock bus. B) Come back in five minutes.C) Go to New York another day. D) Call the airport.“成千上万人疯狂下载。

大学英语四级全真模拟01

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450—1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasure of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music—although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half—though at different rates in different countries—that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.62. The word “eventually” in line 3 means that .A) music historians used the term “Renaissance” after other historians didB) most music historians used the term “Renaissance”C) the term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historiansD) music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differ ently from other historians63. The phrase “frowned on” in Line 9 is closest in meaning to .A) given up B) forgotten about C) argued about D) disapproved of64. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of .A) communication among artists across EuropeB) spirituality in everyday lifeC) a cultural emphasis on human valuesD) religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes65. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?A) It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B) It had little emotional impact on audiences.C) It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D) It did not contain enough religious themes.66. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?A) The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B) The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C) Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D) During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Most people who work in London get a break of about an hour for lunch. 67 they mostly live too far to go back home 68 lunch, they are obliged to 69 other arrangements for their midday meal. Many large firms have a canteen for their employees.In 70 canteens the food served is plain but 71 , and although there is some 72 of choice, the number of dishes 73 usually small. The employees themselves fetch their dishes 74 a counter at which they are 75 . There they can find a tray on 76 to carry their knives, forks, spoons, plates, cups, saucers, 77 , of course, their food. A meal in a canteen is inexpensive and may 78 of soup, fish and chips or meat and two vegetables, 79 fruit or a pudding of some 80 as dessert. Some firms that do not run a canteen 81 their staff with luncheon-vouchers(午餐券), which many restaurants will accept in 82 of money. As there are so many people 83 work in London, there are numerous cafés and restaurants in every area that is not purely residential. A meal 84 cost anything from a modest sum to quite a few pounds, 85 on the restaurant and the food chosen. 86 , one can generally get a meal, or at least a snack, in a pub(酒吧). In recent years there has also been a big increase in the number of “take-away” food shops of all kinds.67. A) While B) AsC) Although D) Unless68. A) in B) atC) for D) before69. A) make B) bringC) take D) use70. A) such B) sameC) few D) other71. A) limited B) excessiveC) full D) adequate72. A) difference B) varietyC) change D) exchange73. A) are B) beingC) is D) been74. A) from B) alongC) with D) to75. A) kept B) servedC) made D) waited76. A) it B) themC) which D) those77. A) and B) butC) or D) except78. A) compose B) compriseC) consist D) count79. A) with B) aboutC) of D) by80. A) category B) sortC) pattern D) name81. A) afford B) investC) prepare D) provide82. A) request B) placeC) case D) face83. A) in B) onC) at D) over84. A) must B) needC) should D) may85. A) depending B) takingC) relying D) holding86. A) Moreover B) HoweverC) Still D) Likewise“成千上万人疯狂下载。

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