南京大学2007考博英语真题及答案解析

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.A．developB．introduceC．exerciseD．utilize正确答案：D解析：utilize／-ise vt．利用，使用(如：Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize one’s abilities in a suitable job)。

develop vt.开发，研制；发展，形成。

introduce vt．引进，传入；介绍。

exercise vt．运用，行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。

2．There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with______contempt.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)A．utterB．soleC．intimateD．corresponding正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。

A项“utter 全然的，绝对的”符合题意，如：What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的，唯一的：intimate亲密的，隐私的：corresponding相应的，通信的”都不正确。

3．They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ones in this area?(2007年清华大学考博试题)A．evacuatedB．emptyC．vacantD．vacate正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：evacuated撤退者的；empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有，如：The ease is empty．(这是个空箱子。

2007年6月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)2007-6 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A ( point each ) 21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed. A. compelling B. rational C. ridiculous D. ambiguous 22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence. A. support B. restrict C. raise D. modify 23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on 24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods. A. abundant B. controversial C. conducive D.convincing 25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off. A. more wealthy B. less successful C. dismissed earlier D. favorably positioned 26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you’ll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence 27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches. A. believed B. discarded C. advocated D. confirmed 28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices. A. assessing B. cutting C. elevating D. altering 29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted 30. Thousands of people left their rural homesand flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories. A. dashed B. filed C. strolled D. swarmed Section B ( point each) 31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with 32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home. A. humble B. obscure C. inferior D. lower 33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible. A. humidity B. humanity C. harmony D. honesty 34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life. A. vessel B. vest C. venture D. vehicle 35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who___six years of instruction. A. set about B. run for C. sit through D. make for 36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation 1 37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm. A. accustomed to B. committed to C. applied to D. suited to 38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths. A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk. A. expose B. lead C. contribute D. send 40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun. A. tour B. travel C.visit D. trip PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Harvard University’s under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard’s c urriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization. \research, and science in general are ever more important,\ Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research. Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.\should be spending a semester at a university in China.\It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required \curriculum\The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized \Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 \College Courses\for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean. 41.A. inspecting42. A. in accordance with 43. A. update44. A. trust-worthy45. A. turn out 46. A. In spite of 47. A. perish48. A. appropriate 49. A. optical 50. A. sparingB. reviewing B. in line with B. uphold B. note-worthy B. turn in B.As if B. destroy B. imaginative B. optional B. spiraling C. searching C. in charge of C. upset C. praise-worthy C. turn to C. Let alone C. abolish C. special C. opposite C. spanning D. underlying D. in response to D. upward D. reward-worthy D. turn over D. Rather than D. denounce D. specific D. optimistic D. sparkling 2 PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.’? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parksinstead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. 51. What is the passage mainly about? A. How to fight air pollution in big cities. B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________. A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster D. can be more serious than we used to think 53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________. A. where the wind is coming B. where the wind is going C. where the wind is weaker D. where the wind is stronger 54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________. A. on the left side in the bus B. on the right side in the bus C. in the middle of the bus D. at the back of the bus 3 55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. airpollution on an underground train is less poisonous D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus 56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________. A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce B. stay away from the traffic as far as possible C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street D. count down for the light to change Passage Two Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost allscientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide. Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. \piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,\Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as globalwarming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. \along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,\57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________. A. can be eased B. can be ended C. will become worse D. will last for decades 58. Ally’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________. A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns B.subtle changes in atmospheric patterns C. humans’ burning of fossil fuel D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide 59. The word \ 4 A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. worried D. insensible 60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming? A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels. B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate. C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels. D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth. 61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______. A. a region like Siberia B. a warmer and warmer place C. a tropical region D. a place like North Pole 62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is A. lack of harmony B. violence C. global warming D. climate shiftPassage Three We’re talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending. Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It’s nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don’t work out that way. They point to an idea called the \you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don’t have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits. It’s a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenlystopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble. Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won’t buy things that they need. In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered thatdifferent areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful. If you think you really want that product because it’s beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product. 63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________. 5。

2007年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(总分110, 做题时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1.We were______in the middle of our conversation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cut offB cut downC cut inD cut out该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：cut off中断，切断。

cut down砍倒，胜过。

cut in把……插进，插入。

cut out切掉，取代。

2.______fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.SSS_SINGLE_SELA LikeB AlikeC AsD Comparing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：此处as就如……，像……一样。

like像。

alike相同的，相似的。

3.My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ______I keep to this day.SSS_SINGLE_SELA and thusB andC soD and which该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：先行词是the watch，由两个并列的定语从句共同修饰。

关系代词which 在两个定语从句的成分不同：一个作主语，一个作宾语，故第二个which不能省略。

4.I don't mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive ______for dinner.SSS_SINGLE_SELA unusuallyB excessivelyC consequentlyD unexpectedly该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D解析：unexpectedly出乎意料地，忽然的。

南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析directions：in the following article，some sentences have been removed.for questions1-5，choose the most suitable one from the list a―g to fit into each of the numbered blank.there are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps.it seems to me there are two aspects to women.there is the demure and the dauntless.men have loved to dwell，in fiction at least，on the demure maiden whose inevitable reply is：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！the demure maiden，the demure spounse，the demure Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mother―this is still the ideal.a few maidens，mistresses and mothers are demure.a few pretend to be.but the vast majority are not.and they don‘t pretend to be.we don’t expect a girl skilfully driving her car to be demure，we expect her to be dauntless.what good would demure and maidenly members of parliament be，inevitably responding：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！―though of course there are masculine members of that kidney.―and a demure telephone girl？or even a demure stenographer？demureness，to be sure，is outwardly becoming，it is an outward mark of femininity，like bobbed hair.but it goes with inward dauntlessness.1）with the two kinds of femininity go two kinds of confidence：there are the women who are cocksure，and the women who are hensure.a really up-to-date woman is a cocksure woman.she doesn‘t have adoubt nor a qualm.she is the modern type.whereas the old-fashioned demure woman was sure as a hen is sure，that is，without knowing anything about it.she went quietly and busily cluciking around，laying the eggs and mothering the chickens in a kind of anxious dream that still was full of sureness.but not mental sureness.her sureness was a physical condition，very soothing，but a condition out of which she could easily be startled or frightened.it is quite amusing to see the two kinds of sureness in chickens. the cockerel is，naturally，cocksure.he crows because he is certain it is day.，then the hen peeps out from under her wing.he marches to the door of the henhouse and pokes out his lead assertively：ah ha！daylight，of course，just as i said！―and he majestically steps down the chicken ladder towards terra firma，knowing that the hens will step cautiously after him，drawn by his confidence.so after him，cautiously，step the hens.he crows again：ha-ha！here we are！―it is indisputable，and the hens accept it entirely.he marches towards the house.from the house a person ought to appear，scattering corn. why does the person not appear？the cock will see to it.he is cocksure. he gives a loud crow in the doorway，and the person appears.the hens are suitably impressed but immediately devote all their henny consciousness to the scattered corn，pecking absorbedly，while the cock runs and fusses，cocksure that he is responsible for it all.so the day goes on.the cock finds a tit-bit，and loudly calls the hens.they scuffle up in henny surety，and gobble the tit-bit.but when they find a juicy morsel for themselves，they devour it in silence，hensure.unless，of course，there are little chicks，when they most anxiously call the brood.but in her own dim surety，the hen is really much surer than the cock，in a differenty way.she marches off to lay her egg，she secures obstinately the nest she wants，she lays her egg at last，then steps forth again with prancing confidence，and gives that most assured of all sounds，the hensure cackle of a bird who has laid her egg.the cock，who is never so sure about anything as the hen is about the egg she has laid，immediately starts to cackle like the female of his species.he is pining to be hensure，for hensure is so much surer than cocksure.nevertheless，cocksure is boss.when the chickenhawk appears in the sky，loud are the cockerel‘s calls of alarm.then the hens scuffle under the verandah，the cock ruffles his feathers on guard.the hens are numb with fear，they say：alas，there is no health in us！how wonderful to be a cock so bold！―and they huddle，numbed.but their very numbness is hensurety.just as the cock can cackle，however，as if he had laid the egg，so can the hen bird crow.she can more or less assume his cocksurensess.2）it seems to me just the same in the vast human farmyard.only nowadays all the cocks are cackling and pretending to lay eggs，and all the hens are crowing and pretending to call the sun out of bed.3）so the women step forth with a good loud cock-a-doodle-do！the tragedy about cocksure women is that they are more cocky，in their assurance，than the cock himself.they never realize that when the cock gives his loud crow in he morning，he listens acutely afterwards，to hear if some other wretch of a cock dare crow defiance，challenge.to the cock，there is always defiance，challenge，danger and death on the clear air；or the possibility thereof.but alas，when the hen crows，she listens for no defiance or challenge.when she says cock-a-doodle-do！then it is unanswerable. the cock listens for an answer，alert.but the hen knows she is unanswerable.cock-a-dooodle-do！and there it is，take it or leave it！4）it is the tragedy of the modern woman.she becomes cocksurem，she puts all her passion and energy and years of her life into some effort or assertion，without ever listening for the denial which she ought to take into count.she is cocksure，but she is a new all the time.frightened of her own henny self，she rushes to mad lengths about votes，or welfare，or sports，or business：she is marvellous，out-manning the man.but alas，it is all fundamentally disconnected. it is all an attitude，and one day the attitude will become a weird cramp，a pain，and then it will collapse.and when it has collapsed，and she looks at the eggs she has laid，votes，or miles of typewriting，years of business efficiency―suddenly，because she is a hen and not a cock，all she has done will turn into pure nothingness to her.5）[a]if women today are cocksure，men are hensure.men are timid，tremulous，rather soft and submissive，easy in their very henliketremulousness.they only want to be spoken to gently.[b]the girl who has got to make her way in life has got to be dauntless，and if she has a pretty，demure manner with it，then luck girl.she kills two birds with two stones.[c]conventional ideas about women seems pretty much cut and dried in the modern society.[d]and yet she is never so easy，cocksure，as she used to be when she was hensure.cocksure，she is cocksure，but uneasy.hensure，she trembles，but is easy.[e]and it is this that makes the cocksureness of women so dangerous，so devastating.it is really out of scheme，it is not in relation to the rest of things.so we have the tragedy of cocksure women.they find，so often，that instead of having laid an egg，they have laid a vote，or an emply ink-bootle，or some other absolutely unhatchable object，means nothing to them.[f]but the women pointed out the men had not produced anything，and the human race was pretty much starving.[g]suddenly it all falls out of relation to her basic henny self，and she realizes she has lost her life.the lovely henny surety，the hensureness which is the real bliss of every female，has been denied her：she had never had it.having lived her life with such utmost strenuousness and cocksureness，she has missed her life altogether. nothingness！答案及解析1）b.为生计所打拼的女孩子不得不勇敢无畏，如果她举止又温驯娴淑，那么她就是个幸运的女孩子。

南京大学考博英语真题2006年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AABCC 6-10 CBDDCPart 211-15 BCDDC 16-20 DDCACPart 321-25 ADAAC 26-30 CBDCD31-35 DAAAC 36-40 BBABBSection 241-45. D A C A B 46-50 B A C C C 51-55 C A B A C 56-60 B C B D DTranslationPart A放弃对于获得幸福至关重要，其重要性并不逊于努力。

面对我们可以阻止的不幸，明智的人不会屈服，但对于那些不可避免的甚至是可以避免的事情，若时间和经历要求他们放弃以追求更加重要的东西，他们不会浪费时间和感情而是选择顺从。

很多人常常为鸡毛蒜皮的琐事而大发脾气，并因此浪费了大量原本可以有大用处的大量精力。

在追求真正重要的目标中太过沉溺，导致潜在失败的可能性时时威胁我们的思维，这是不明智的。

工作效率往往和我们所投入的感情并不对称。

事实上，情感偶尔会妨碍效率。

我们在服从命运安排的同时应当竭尽全力。

顺从分两种：其一是源于绝望，其二则源于不可征服的希望……前者坏，后者好。

Part B1.In a populous city, the idea that a man must know his neighbors has been extinct. But it is stilltrue of that in small towns and villages.2.People living as long as each other may have quite different lifestyles. Some go far away andenjoy fantastic scenery while others are incarcerated in a small room and until death does them not know how far-flung the world is.3.The biggest falsehood of humans is they take for that social and political problems are sosimple that they can be judged and solved with practical experience, instead of strict training with scientific methods. Unfortunately, it is quite contrary in the case.4.You can’t get rid of jealousness merely through being successful because there are someone inhistory who are more successful than you. Enjoy the happiness at hand and do what you are supposed to do. Don’t compare what you imagine or even entirely wrong with those who are more lucky than you. Then, you can cast off jealousness.5.So, this is the true spiritual civilization: make the most of human’s brightness and wiseness tofind truth, to control nature, to change matters for human’s use, to relieve human of needless hardships, to liberate human’s spirit from blindness and superstition.南京大学考博英语真题2007年答案Section 1Part 11-5 AAABC 6-10 BCCDAPart 211-15 ABCBA 16-20 CDCAAPart 321-25 CADBA 26-30 BAAACSection 231-34 B D B C 35-38 D A B D 39-42 B C A B 43-46 D D D C 47-50 B A C BTranslationPart A可以肯定的是，今天的人们对于成功的渴望以及其为我们带来的好处绝不亚于过去。

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizing ability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in _____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations-A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal ______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can ________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to do more than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to _____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”/The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e t南京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试试题SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (30%)Part A (10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. We were ______ in the middle of our conversation.A. cut offB. cut downC. cut inD. cut out2. ______ fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.A. LikeB. AlikeC. AsD. Comparing3. My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ______ I keep to this day.A. and thusB. andC. soD. and which4. I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive ______ for dinner.A. unusuallyB. excessivelyC. consequentlyD. unexpectedly5. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ______ in the area on the night of the fire.A. to beB. to have beenC. having beenD. be6. Look at this mess! If only I ______ your advice.A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed7. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure ______.A. than more on efficiency C. and more on efficiencyB. and more efficiency D. than efficiency8. Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my explanation seemed not to ______.A. get upB. get alongC. get acrossD. get down9. We will see ______ the children are properly educated.A. to themB. to thatC. to it whetherD. to it that10. The famous inventor was awarded an ______ doctorate by the university.A. honoraryB. honorableC. honoredD. honorificPart B (10%)Directions: Of the questions 11-20, each has four underlined parts marked A., B., C and D respectively. Identify the ONE that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet. 11. Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in largeA B Cdeposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.D 12. The increasing popularity of the motorcycle as a convenience, economical form ofA B C transportation has been just short of astounding.D 13. The international Olympic Games, regarded as the world’s most prestigious athletic中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tA Bcompetition, take place once every the four years.C D 14. Any property that a bankrupt person may still have is usually divided among the variousA B Cpeople to whom money are owed.D 15. A noisy aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has those bird’s thievish habits.A B C D 16. The spontaneity of children’s artwork sets it apart from the regulated uniformity ofA B much of what otherwise go on in traditional elementary classrooms.C D 17. It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decadeA B C before it drastically revised or replaced by newer information.D 18. When the concentration of calcium in the blood is too low, the parathyroid glands beganA B C to secrete the hormone parathormone.D 19. Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude ofA B C Dindustrial and commercial uses. 20. High-grade written paper is frequently obtained from cotton rags.A B C DPart C (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively beneath the passage. You should choose the ONE that is most appropriate. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal establishes an area. The size of the area is sufficient to provide food for him, his mate and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, used up the best territory in the order of “first come, first 21 .” The late arrivals may acquire 22 territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the 23 of the enemies of the species. 24 there is really insufficient food or the danger is very great, the animal will not 25 . In this way, the members of the species which are less fit will not have offspring. When there is conflict 26 territory, animals will commonly use force, or a show of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, 27 , that animals seem to use only the minimum amount of force 28 to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the case of those animals which are capable of 29 each other great harm, 30 is a system for the losing animal to show the winning animal that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the victor normally stops fighting.21. A. use B. serve C. served D. used22. A. larger B. better C. smaller D. worse中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e t23. A. caves B. nests C. residences D. habitats24. A. Neither B. If C. Since D. Because25. A. breed B. produce C. mate D. compete26. A. for B. over C. with D. by27. A. moreover B. henceforth C. however D. yet28. A. compulsory B. essential C. necessary D. vital29. A. doing B. made C. given D. sending30. A. this B. that C. it D. thereSECTION II READING COMPREHENSION (40%)Directions: In this section you will read five passages. Each one is followed by four questions. To each question, you are to choose the one best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D respectively. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Passage OneEven today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reaction to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse unease---whether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience West Africa contains more weird and eerie regions---rain-forest, mangrove swamp, parched plains of red earth---than any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unseen---evil spirits which live in a particular tree or a particular rock, a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches, the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was convinced that the witches of the east were out to get him, or that he was about to be kidnapped and eaten. During four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger delta, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky, I, too, have experienced a sense of fear, or at least a sense of awe. Except for the ticking of the little outboard engine the silence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove , seeming, with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangroves---vistas secret, interminable and somehow meaningless. There was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird.I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny, which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps (slithery with slime and which had managed to detach themselves from the landing-stage so that you had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land), I found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone.31. There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa. ______.A. This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliarity of West Africa.B. This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger.C. This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tD. This fact has been greatly overemphasized.32. A lot of the old African religion has to do with ______.A. kidnapping peopleB. keeping the spirits awakeC. human sacrificeD. keeping the spirits happy33. The author was kept awake by ______.A. a ghostB. his friendC. the witchesD. eerie feelings34. “Mangrove” means ______.A. a sort of birdB. a sort of manC. a sort of treeD. a sort of animalPassage TwoPerhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values that we unquestionably accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.35. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Difficulties of writing satiric literature.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tB. Popular topics of satire.C. New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.D. Reasons for the popularity of satire.36. Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?A. They are famous examples of satiric literature.B. They present commonsense solutions to problems.C. They are appropriate for readers of all ages.D. They are books with similar stories.37. Which of the following can be found in satiric literature?A. Newly emerging philosophies.B. Odd combination of objects and ideas.C. Abstract discussion of morals and ethics.D. Wholesome characters who are unselfish.38. According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be ______.A. informed about new scientific developmentB. exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC. reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD. told how they can be of service to their communitiesPassage ThreeCertainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty million years, despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shaped---hence their name---and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with their flexibility, enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic rate--feeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provide their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e t39. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumber important?A. Because it helps them digest food.B. Because it helps them protect themselves from danger.C. Because it makes it easier for them to move through mud.D. Because it makes them attractive to fish.40. The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses ______.A. the reproduction of sea cucumbersB. the food sources of sea cucumbersC. the eating habits of sea cucumbersD. threats to sea cucumbers’ existence41. What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?A. They are very sensitive to the surrounding stimuli.B. They are almost useless.C. They require group cooperation.D. They are similar to those of most sea creatures.42. Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its internal organs into the water?A. A touchB. FoodC. Unusually warm waterD. PollutionPassage FourIn most earthquakes the Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at the depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds; the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or a rupture point.For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter, the point on the surface where shaking is the strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long enough at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter, but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and the deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too flexible to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones) where one crustal plate is中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tforced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture.43. The passage is primarily concerned with ______.A. demonstrating why the methods of early seismologists were flawedB. defending a revolutionary theory about the causes of earthquakes and methods of predicting themC. discussing the evidence for the existence of deep events and the conditions that allow them to occurD. comparing the effects of shallow events with those of deep events44. It can be inferred from the passage that if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long after the P waves, which of the following must be true?A. The earthquake was a deep event.B. The earthquake was a shallow event.C. The earthquake focus was distant.D. The earthquake had a low peak intensity.45. The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur?A. Stress must build up.B. Cool rock must descend into the mantle.C. A fracture must occur.D. Both A and C.46. The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?A. Deep events are far less common than shallow events.B. Deep events occur in places other than where crustal plates meet.C. Mantle rock is more ductile at a depth of several hundred kilometers than it is at 50 kilometers.D. The speeds of both P and S waves are slightly greater than previously though.Passage FiveArchaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archaeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value.中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e tHere we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousand pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as l’melekh handles have been found in abundance--more than 4000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.47. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose ______.A. an alternative to museum display of artifactsB. a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological professionC. the governmental regulation of archaeological sitesD. a new system for cataloguing duplicate artifacts48. The author implies that all the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT ______.A. A market for such artifacts already existsB. Such artifacts seldom have scientific valueC. Museums are well supplied with examples of such artifactsD. Such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already catalogued in museum collections49. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?A. Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.B. Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.C. Such artifacts often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.D. Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.50. The author anticipates which of the following initial objections to the adoption of his proposal?A. An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.B. Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.C. Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.D. Counterfeiting of artifacts will become more commonplace.SECTION III TRANSLATION (30%)Part ADirections: Put the following passage into Chinese. (I5%)Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes, European vacations, travel, BMW’s - such items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit中华英语学习网w w w .100y i n g y u .n e ttheir dreams as easily and openly as they once could, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.” The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defenders are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only that since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious. Part B Directions: Choose 3 out of the following 4 sentences and put them into English. (15%) 1．科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然，在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人，他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析，具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。

南京大学考博英语-2(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections: In questions 1-15, each sentence has an underlined word. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best matches the underlined word. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Hitler sought to annihilate resistance movements throughout Europe.A. exterminateB. exceedC. excludeD. expel2. The young man was so bashful that he did not speak to the pretty girl.A. haughtyB. shyC. indifferentD. upset3. Mrs. Mary wore a string of beads around her neck.A. small pieces of goldB. small balls of precious stonesC. small pieces of woodD. small balls of glass4. I didn't stop at John's house because he had visitors, and I didn't want to butt in.A. intrudeB. incurC. inferD. intercept5. John's ideas about how to solve the problem were so cogent that I had to agree with him.A. chronicB. cavernousC. convincingD. choral6. He has got too much ______to worry about your problem.A. on his mindB. out of mindC. off his mindD. to his mind7. You are too rigid: you must learn to change your plans when the situation it.A. calls onB. calls forC. calls forthD. calls in8. If your expenses ______your income, you will be in debt.A. surpassB. exceedC. surviveD. pass9. You can ______your story by leaving out some unimportant details.A. abridgeB. rewriteC. revealD. change10. Could you please give me a hand? Let's______ the bookcase into place.A. shootB. shoveC. containD. indicatePart BDirections: In questions 16-30, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that mast be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.11. All of (the) performers in the play did (well). The (audience) applauded the (actors) excellent performance.A. theB. wellC. audienceD. actors12. (That) the woman (was saying) was so important that I asked everyone (to stop) talking and (listen).A. ThatB. was sayingC. to stopD. listen13. This is the (longest) flight I (have ever taken). By the time we get to Los Angeles, we (had flown) (for) 9 hours.A. longestB. have ever takenC. had flownD. for14. To control (quality) and (making) decisions (about) production are among the many responsibilities of an (industrial) engineer.A. qualityB. makingC. aboutD. industrial15. If one does not pick up (his) dry-cleaning (within) thirty days, the management is not (obligated) to return it (back).A. hisB. withinC. obligatedD. back16. His recommendation that Air Force (investigates) the UFO sighting (was) approved (by **mission) and referred (to) the appropriate.A. investigatesB. wasC. by **missionD. to17. (Electronic) mail to describe an upcoming workshop (should use) only (if) potential participants use this form of communication (regularly).A. ElectronicB. should useC. ifD. regularly18. Confucius— a statesman, scholar, and (educator) of (great skill) and reputation—is generally held to be China's (greatest) and most (influence) philosopher.A. educatorB. great skillC. greatestD. influence19. (The first) electric lamp had two carbon rods (from which) vapor (served) to conduct the current (across) the gap.A. The firstB. from whichC. servedD. across20. (It is said) that Einstein felt (very) (badly) about the application of his theories (to) the creation of weapons of war.A. It is saidB. veryC. badlyD. toPart CDirections: For each blank for questions 31-40 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy (21) it to their pets. Market studies show that two thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to the dogs. (22) , says William Tyznik, an expert in animal nutrition at Ohio State University, "ice cream is not good for dogs. It has milk sugar in it," he says, "which dogs cannot (23) very well."(24) by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to (25) **panions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice cream-and as much (26) to eat. The product, called Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product of cheese and milk with the sugar (27) . Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It (28) Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz) and (29) dog food (named Tizbits), three years to (30) the Frosty Paws formulas, and two (31) to commercialize it. After losing $25,000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westerville, Ohio, which makes the product and (32) it in cups.Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been tested (33) and that "dogs love it". Of 1,400 dogs that have been (34) the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first (35) . Three out of four (36) it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be (37) in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in (38) of three or four cups, costing about $1.79.What would happen (39) a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? "Nothing," says Tyznik. "It's (40) , but frankly, it won't taste very good. \21. A. giving B. feeding C. sharing D. buying22. A. Surprisingly B. Unfortunately C. Therefore D. Initially23. A. swallow B. consume C. digest D. exude24. A. Bothered B. Impelled C. Annoyed D. Stimulated25. A. please B. raise C. train D. comfort26. A. contentment B. satisfaction C. fun D. luxury27. A. included B. including C. removed D. removing28. A. cost B. spent C. needed D. took29. A. one B. other C. a D. another30. A. perfect B. superb C. excellent D. top31. A. temptations B. attempts C. temperance D. temps32. A. assembles B. attaches C. packages D. labels33. A. extensively B. faithfully C. delicately D. intensively34. A. received B. accepted C. treated D. offered35. A. trial B. try C. test D. practice36. A. preferred B. compared C. attributed D. related37. A. bargained B. negotiable C. available D. displayed38. A. bundles B. parcels C. packets D. packs39. A. provided B. when C. though D. if40. A. harmful B. harmless C. effective D. ineffectiveSection Ⅱ Reading ComperehensionDirections: In this section you will read four passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 41-70, you are to choose the one best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheer.Passage OneIn a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellows with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner.During the summer of 1899, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a Wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference.It was still a young wasp when we got it (thirteen or fourteen years old) and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was a female we decided to call it Miriam, but soon the children's nickname for it— "Pudge" —became a fixture, and "Pudge" it was from that time on.One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a nine of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North America. The cards went everywhere.I was too tired to stop to pick them up that night, and went sobbing to bed, just as mad as I could be. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. "Maybe Pudge will pick them up," I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case.When I came down the next morning Pudge was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing of larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and, discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.If this is not an answer to Professor Bouvier's statement, I do not know what is.41. Professor Bouvier believes that insects______.A. do not have intelligenceB. behave in an intelligent wayC. are capable of reasoningD. are more intelligent than we thought42. On the evening the author fell over, someone______.A. had moved his card indexB. had been playing card gamesC. had knocked over his boxes containing cardsD. had looked at his collection of diamonds43. When he came to the laboratory the next morning, the author______.A. saw that his cards had already been rearrangedB. realized that the wasp had been trying to helpC. found evidence of the wasp's intelligenceD. found his index cards still scattered about the room44. The author's account of his wasp's intelligence______.A. is imaginaryB. is convincingC. firmly proves his point of viewD. is valuable for insect study45. The purpose of this article is to______.A. oppose Professor Bouvier's point of viewB. support Professor Bouvier with his own experienceC. further discuss whether insects are intelligentD. illustrate the working theory behind the author's thesisPassage TwoModem technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modem artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If breakup has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary: it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized asnot merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.46. The welding techniques______.A. can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB. permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC. can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor's designsD. can make artists adaptable to be surroundings47. We can learn from the text that Freud's studies______.A. are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB. have influenced other scientific inventionsC. cause SurrealismD. have infiltrated Surrealism48. Which of the following is true about Surrealists?A. They diminished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences.B. They tried to express their subconscious world.C. They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D. They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.49. According to the passage, it is true that______.A. artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB. artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC. artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD. artistic creations are the reflection of the material world50. The sentence "But this has rarely been a one-way street" in the last paragraph means that______.A. contemporary art has been nourished by modern scienceB. modern science has been nourished by artC. artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD. the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualPassage ThreeWhen I was a child in Sunday school, I would ask searching questions like "Angels can fly up in heaven, but how do clouds hold up pianos?" and get the same puzzling response about how that was not important, what was important was that Jesus died for our sins and if we accepted him as our savior, when we died, we would go to heaven, where we'd get everything we wanted. Some children in my class wondered why anyone would hang on a cross with nails stuck through his hands to help anyone else; I wondered how Santa Claus knew what I wanted for Christmas, even though I never wrote him a letter. Maybe he had a tape recorder hidden in every chimney in the world.This literal-mindedness has stuck with me; one result of it is that I am unable to believe in God.Most of the other atheists I know seem to feel freed or proud of their unbelief, as if they have cleverly refused to be sold snake oil. My husband, who was reared in a devout Catholic family, has served as an altar boy. So other than baptizing our son to reassure our families, we've skated over the issue of faith.Some people believe faith is a gift; it's a choice, a matter of spiritual discipline. I have a friend who was reared to believe, and he does. But his faith has wavered. He has struggled to hang onto it and to pass it along to his children. Another friend of mine never goes to church because she's a single mother who doesn't have the gas money. But she once told me a day when she was washing oranges as the sun streamed onto them. As she peeled one, the smell rose to her face, and she felt she received the Holy Spirit. "He sank into my bones," she recounted. "I lifted my palms upward, feeling filled with love."Being no theologian, and not even a believer, I am not in a position to offer up theories, but mine is this: people who receive faith directly, as a **bustion of the soul, have fewer questions. They have been sparked with a faith that is more unshakable than that of those who have been taught.51. From the first paragraph of the passage we know that______.A. the author was a Sunday school boyB. the author used to be puzzled at many thingsC. the school didn't teach the children enough knowledgeD. tape recorders were popular in daily life52. The word "his" in "a cross with nails stuck through his hands" (Line 6, Para.1) refers to______.A. Jesus'B. a child'sC. anyone'sD. Santa Claus'53. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the author believes in GodB. most people are atheistsC. most American families baptize their babiesD. the author hasn't a religious family background54. In the third paragraph the author uses the example of the single mother to indicate that faith______.A. is a giftB. is a choiceC. can be easily waveredD. is a spontaneous impulse55. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?A. The Issue of Faith.B. A Child's Fancy.C. The Belief in God.D. The Combustion of Soul.Passage FourThe growth of cell-phone users in the U.S. has tapered off from the breakneck pace of 50% annually in the late 1990s to what analysts project will be a 15% to 20% rise in 2002, and no morethan that in 2003. To some extent, numerous surveys have found, slower growth in demand reflects consumer disillusionment with just about every aspect of cell-phone service—its reliability, quality, and notorious customer service.The cooling off in demand threatens to cascade through the industry: The big four U.S. cell-phone carders—Verizon Wireless, Cingular Wireless, AT&T Wireless, Sprint imperil their timetables for becoming profitable, not to mention their efforts to whittle down their mountains of debt. As the carders have begun to cut costs, wireless- equipment **panies such as Lucent, Nokia, and Ericsson—have been left with a market that's bound to be smaller than they had anticipated. Handset makers have been insulated so far, but they, too, face a nagging uncertainty. They'll soon introduce advanced phones to the U.S. market that will run on the new networks the carders are starting up over the next year or two. But the question then will be: Will Americans embrace these snazzy data features—and their higher costs—with the wild enthusiasm that Europeans and Asians have?Long before the outcome in clear, the industry will have to adopt a new mind-set. "In the old days, it was all about connectivity." says Andrew Cole, an analyst with wireless consultancy Adventis. Build the network, and customers **e. From now on, the stakes will be higher. The new mantra: Please customers, or you may not survive.To work their way out of this box, the carders are spending huge sums to address the problem. Much of Sprint PCS's $ 3.4 billion in capital outlays this year will be for new stations. And in fact, the new high-speed, high-capacity nationwide networks due to roll out later this year should help ease the calling-capacity crunch that has caused many **plaints. In the meantime, **panies are using better training and organization to keep customers happy.The nation's largest rural operator, Alltel (AT), recently reorganized its call centers so that a customer's query goes to the first operator who's available anywhere in the country, instead of the first one available in the customer's home area. That should cut waiting time to one minute from three to five minutes previously.56. What is the text mainly about?A. The bad service in the U.S. cell-phone industry.B. The crisis in the U.S. cell-phone industry.C. The conflicts among cell-**panies in the U.S.D. The price of the U.S. cell-phone industry.57. The growth of cell-phone users declines because______.A. cell-phones are unreliableB. cell-phones usually have poor qualityC. the customer service is badD. customers are not satisfied with cell-phone service58. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A. the price war will reverse the present situationB. the wireless equipment makers will try to improve the original networksC. the handset makers will produce new phones with high technologyD. the Europeans are enthusiastic about the new advanced cell-phones59. According to the author, the cell-phone industry must adopt a mind-set in order to______.A. have better training and organizationB. become an indispensable part in people's lifeC. build more advanced and efficient networksD. help customers to choose proper service60. In order to work their way out of the box, Sprint PCS and Alttel are taking measures to______.A. design new advanced cell-phones in attractive formB. reduce costs and improve the efficiency of networksC. offer the customers better services and satisfy their needsD. arrange the call centers to reduce the customer's waiting timeSectiion Ⅲ TranlationPart ADirections: Put the following passages into Chinese.1. I think most of us would agree that the world is a shrinking place. On the one hand, this shrinking is highly beneficial. People around the world now enjoy economic, cultural and recreational opportunities which were previously not accessible. On the other hand, the rapid mobility of people, money, information, ideas **modities generally has provided new opportunities for crime, and new challenges for law enforcement agencies. This will require unprecedented cooperation between nations, and will inevitably generate tensions arising from differences in national values, even within nations, tensions between such values, as privacy and the imperatives of law enforcement will be high in the public agenda. Most probably new organizational forms will emerge to combat new manifestations of criminality.2. Viruses have been around longer than PCs, and are not without a certain mathematical and scientific interest. Indeed, not all viruses are malignant. Used properly, viral techniques are a valuable programming tool. Used improperly, they are pestilentially destructive. There's no perfect cure. Like the flu, computer viruses evolve. Last year's immunization isn't any good for this year's disease because every time someone invents a new medication, someone else invents a malady. Nonetheless, a few simple precautions will buffer you against all but the cleverest hacker.Part BDirections: Put the following sentences into English.1. 那位富有的女土再三要求签订婚前协议，令其未婚夫自尊心大大受损，结果以拒婚告终。

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