基于51单片机的烟雾报警器设计论文毕业设计(论文)word格式

摘要烟雾报警器就是通过监测烟雾的浓度来实现火灾防范的，烟感器内部采用离子式烟雾传感，离子式烟雾传感器是一种技术先进，工作稳定可靠的传感器，被广泛运用到各种消防报警系统中，性能远优于气敏电阻类的火灾报警器。

它在内外电离室里面有放射源镅241，电离产生的正、负离子，在电场的作用下各自向正负电极移动。

在正常的情况下，内外电离室的电流、电压都是稳定的。

一旦有烟雾窜逃外电离室。

干扰了带电粒子的正常运动，电流，电压就会有所改变，破坏了内外电离室之间的平衡，于是无线发射器发出无线报警信号，通知远方的接收主机，将报警信息传递出去。

本系统使用AT89C51单片机，选用集成温度传感器AD590和气体传感器TGS202作为敏感元件，利用多传感器信息融合技术，开发了可用于小型单位火灾报警的语音数字联网报警器。

我国的火灾自动报警控制系统经历了从无到有、从简单到复杂的发展过程，其智能化程度也越来越高。

目前国内厂家多偏重用于大型仓库、商场、高级写字楼、宾馆等场所大型火灾报警系统的研发。

关键词：单片机；传感器；信号处理；火灾报警器目录摘要 (1)目录 (2)一方案论证与比较 (3)方案一：气敏传感器驱动555震荡报警 (3)方案二：单片机检测气敏传感器再驱动蜂鸣器报警 (3)二部分器件简介 (5)1. 烟雾传感器 (5)（1）光电烟雾报警IC种类 (5)（2）离子烟雾报警IC (6)(3)KT-601型便携式可燃气体检测仪 (7)(4)MF8892型烟雾检测仪 (8)(5)KING-01型可燃气体检测仪 (8)(6)而GS-1型火警报警器 (8)2.主控制器A T89S52 (9)（1）MSC-51芯片资源简介 (9)(2)单片机的引脚 (11)(3)89S51单机的电源线 (11)(4)89S51单片机的外接晶体引脚 (11)(5)89S51单片机的控制线 (12)(6)89S51单片机复位方式 (12)三报警系统设计 (14)1.硬件电路设计 (14)（1）单片机最小系统 (14)（2）气敏检测系统 (14)（3）电源电路 (15)（4）报警驱动电路 (15)2.系统软件设计 (15)（1）软件流程图 (15)（2）程序清单 (16)四结束语 (17)五参考文献 (18)一方案论证与比较方案一：气敏传感器驱动555震荡报警如图1所示为简易气体烟雾报警电路。

基于51单片机的智能烟雾报警系统的设计AbstractThe intelligent smoke alarm system based on 51 single-chip microcomputer is designed to reduce the risk of fire accidents caused by human negligence. This system uses a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a buzzer and a display module to detect and alarm in the occurrence of smoke and high temperature. The design of the entire system is controlled by the 51 single-chip microcomputer. The paper discusses the design and implementation of the system, the algorithm for information processing, the choice of material and the hardware structure. The system has high reliability and good practicability, and can effectively improve the safety factor of the living environment.IntroductionIn recent years, with the increase in housing density and the use of electrical appliances, the frequency of fire incidents has gradually increased. The smoke caused by fireis the main cause of death and injury, and it is difficult to detect by human senses. Therefore, the development of intelligent smoke alarm system is of great significance to improve the safety factor of the living environment.This paper designs an intelligent smoke alarm system based on 51 single-chip microcomputer, which can detect smoke and high temperature and accurately alarm. This system is composed of a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a buzzer and a display module. The entire system is controlled by 51 single-chip microcomputer, which has strong practicality andreliability.Design and ImplementationHardware designThe smart smoke alarm system is mainly composed of four parts: a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a buzzer and a display module. The smoke sensor and the temperature sensor are set on the same PCB board, and the buzzer and the display module are set on another PCB board.The smoke sensor is used to detect the smoke concentration in the environment. When the smoke concentration exceeds the threshold, the output signal of the smoke sensor is sent to the 51 single-chip microcomputer. The temperature sensor is used to detect the ambient temperature changes, and when the temperature exceeds the threshold, the temperature sensor sends an output signal to the 51 single-chip microcomputer. The buzzer is used to output the alarm sound, and the display module is used to display the alarm information.Software designThe software design of the intelligent smoke alarm system includes information processing algorithm design,error handling design and system control design. The information processing algorithm includes smoke detection and temperature detection. When the smoke concentration or temperature exceeds the threshold, the system will start the alarm sound and display the alarm information on the display module. The error handling design mainly includes fault detection and fault alarm. When the system fails, the buzzer will alarm and display the error information on the display module. The system control design includes system startup, control and shutdown.Material SelectionThe main materials used in the smart smoke alarm system include the 51 single-chip microcomputer, PCB board, smoke sensor, temperature sensor, buzzer and display module. Inorder to ensure the stability and reliability of the system, high-quality and reliable raw materials need to be selected.The chosen smoke sensor is a high-sensitivity and high-precision smoke sensor, which can accurately detect changesin smoke concentration. The temperature sensor is athermistor type temperature sensor, which can accuratelydetect the ambient temperature changes. The buzzer is a high-decibel buzzer, which can output loud alarm sound. Thedisplay module is a 16x2 LCD display module, which candisplay alarm information.ConclusionIn this paper, a smart smoke alarm system based on 51 single-chip microcomputer is designed and implemented. The system can monitor the smoke concentration and temperature changes in the environment, and give an accurate alarm signal. The system uses high-quality raw materials and has high reliability and good practicability. The intelligent smoke alarm system can effectively improve the safety factor of the living environment, and is of practical value in the field of fire safety.。

第1章绪论问题由来随着社会的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高，环境污染问题对人们的危害也越来越明显。

有害气体有一定的社会性，可能诱发多种疾病，多个体健康危害极大，可以引起致癌，提高心﹑脑血管疾病的发病率，引起呼吸道疾病等多种危害。

为了早期的发现和通报有害的气体，防止对环境的污染和人体得危害，保卫现代化建设，防止因有害气体而引起的中毒、污染等事故，造成严重的经济损失，甚至危害人的生命安全。

目前我国有害气体报警器使用十分广阔，不仅可以及时检测工厂的气体，还可以让我们及早做好防患措施。

现在有许多城市铺设了煤气管道，使用人口约达二亿人，煤气发生基地及中转站也达几千家。

如果这些家用燃气和煤气基地及中转站的报警率按10% 计算，有害气体检测报警器的需求量就达2000万台以上。

随着全社会对防火防爆及人身安全的重视程度的提高，这个数字会继续增长。

因此，研究有害气体的检测方法与研制报警器就成为传感器技术发展领域的一个重要课题。

论文的主要任务目前，我们已经学习了许多相关知识，如单片机与单片机控制电路，传感器与其相关电路，D/A转换电路，A/D转换电路，放大电路设计，以及语音芯片等，已经具备对信号的采集、放大、传输控制，语音芯片的语音录制及放音控制，微控制电路的应用设计等能力，并具备一定的实践创新能力。

通过对微控制器，语音电路，烟雾传感器电路以及报警电路的整合，形成一个可靠性好稳定度高，性能优良的电路，能够实现对低浓度烟雾的有效检测，并给予语音警示的功能。

如果配以精美的外壳，则可以形成一个优秀的有良好社会效益和经济效益的产品。

本设计是以单片机为核心，通过烟雾传感器发出的信号对烟雾进行报警，最后通过语音报警电路报警，达到对烟雾报警的目的。

研究内容：第一，电子语音芯片的录音和放音控制，以及音效的处理和信号的放大；第二，烟雾检测装置的选型以及在低浓度下灵敏度域有效检测的方法与算法；第三，控制电路的实现方式以及MCU的选型；第四，电路的抗干扰能力和可靠性第2章系统原理概述烟雾检测报警器的设计思路吸烟警示器是能够检测环境中的烟雾，并具有报警功能的仪器，仪器的最基本组成部分应包括：烟雾信号采集模数转换电路、单片机控制电路、录音报警电路。

(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！)声光报警器班级：08应用电子姓名：伍业映时间：指导教师：基于C51单片机的声光报警器设计【摘要】火灾是指在时间和空间上失去控制的燃烧所造成的灾害。

在各种灾害中，火灾是最经常、最普遍地威胁公众安全和社会发展的主要灾害之一。

人类能够对火进行利用和控制，是文明进步的一个重要标志。

所以说人类使用火的历史与同火灾作斗争的历史是相伴相生的，人们在用火的同时，不断总结火灾发生的规律，尽可能地减少火灾及其对人类造成的危害。

火灾，几乎是和火的利用同时发生的，随着现代社会的不断发展，现代家庭用火、用电量正在逐年增加，火灾发生的频率越来越高，火灾不仅毁坏物质财产，造成社会秩序的混乱，还直接或间接危害生命，给人们的心灵造成极大的危害。

每年都有许多人被火灾夺去生命。

由于人们的疏忽而发生的火灾与爆炸，不仅造成人员的大量伤亡，还承受着严重的经济损失。

正是由于火灾的巨大危害，报警器才得以应运而生，报警器在火灾报警方面发挥人类本身无可比拟的优势，而声光报警器更是其中的佼佼者。

声光报警器是一种用在危险场所，通过声音和各种光来向人们发出示警信号的一种不会引燃易燃易爆性气体的报警信号装置。

防爆声光报警器适用于安装在含有ⅡC级T6温度组别的爆炸性气体环境场所，还可使用于石油、化工等行业具有防爆要求的1区及2区防爆场所，也可以露天、室外使用。

可以和国内外任何厂家的火灾报警控制器配套使用。

当生产现场发生事故或火灾等紧急情况时，火灾报警控制器送来的控制信号启动声光报警电路，发出声和光报警信号，完成报警目的。

本产品也可同手动报警按钮配合使用,达到简单的声,光报警目的。

本产品符合GB3836系列标准的要求（满足GB3836.1—2000《爆炸性环境用防爆电气设备通用要求》及GB3836.2—2000《爆炸性环境用防爆电气设备隔爆型“d”》标准），经国家指定的检测机构鉴定并取得了防爆合格证。

报警器外壳为全不锈钢壳体，灯壳抗冲击能力强，180清晰可视超高亮LED发光管，配备超强蜂鸣器，具有工作稳定，使用寿命长, 功耗低，不受污染物和水的影响等特点。

基于C51单片机的烟雾报警器设计设计基于C51单片机的烟雾报警器摘要：烟雾报警器是一种常见的安全设备，用于检测并报警烟雾的存在。

本设计基于C51单片机，通过光敏电阻和烟雾传感器来检测烟雾浓度，并通过蜂鸣器和LED灯提供报警信号。

通过编程控制单片机，实现了烟雾报警器的功能。

关键词：C51单片机、烟雾传感器、烟雾报警器、光敏电阻、蜂鸣器、LED灯1.引言烟雾报警器是一种广泛应用的安全设备，它可以及时发现并报警烟雾的存在，预警人们可能发生的火灾事故。

本设计基于C51单片机，实现了一个简单的烟雾报警器。

该报警器通过光敏电阻和烟雾传感器来检测烟雾浓度，并通过蜂鸣器和LED灯提供报警信号。

2.设计原理本设计的烟雾报警器主要由C51单片机、光敏电阻、烟雾传感器、蜂鸣器和LED灯组成。

光敏电阻用于检测光照强度，当烟雾浓度超过一定阈值时，烟雾传感器会发出高电平信号。

C51单片机通过读取光敏电阻和烟雾传感器的信号来判断是否触发报警。

当触发报警时，蜂鸣器会发出警报声，并且LED灯会闪烁。

3.硬件设计3.1C51单片机C51单片机是本设计的核心控制器，它负责读取传感器信号、控制蜂鸣器和LED灯的状态，并与用户进行交互。

C51单片机的引脚用于连接其他硬件组件。

3.2光敏电阻光敏电阻用于检测环境光照强度，它的电阻值会随光照强度的变化而变化。

本设计将光敏电阻接入C51单片机的模拟输入引脚，通过测量电阻值来判断环境光照强度。

在光照强度较低时，烟雾传感器的探测效果更好。

3.3烟雾传感器烟雾传感器是烟雾报警器的核心部件，它能够检测烟雾浓度。

本设计使用一种常见的烟雾传感器模块，它通过电化学原理来检测烟雾浓度。

当烟雾浓度超过一定阈值时，烟雾传感器会输出高电平信号。

3.4蜂鸣器和LED灯蜂鸣器和LED灯用于提供报警信号。

当检测到烟雾浓度超过一定阈值时，蜂鸣器会发出警报声，并且LED灯会闪烁。

通过这种方式，可以吸引人们的注意并提醒他们可能发生火灾事故。

摘要随着“信息时代”的到来，作为获取信息的手段——传感器技术得到了显著的进步，其应用领域越来越广泛，对其要求越来越高，需求越来越迫切。

传感器技术已成为衡量一个国家科学技术发展水平的重要标志之一。

因此，了解并掌握各类传感器的基本结构、工作原理及特性是非常重要的。

为了提高对传感器的认识和了解，尤其是对烟雾传感器的深入研究以及其用法与用途，基于实用、广泛和典型的原则而设计了本系统。

本文利用单片机结合传感器技术而开发设计了这一烟雾监控系统。

本论文以电阻式烟雾传感器和单片机技术为核心并与其他电子技术相结合，设计出一种技术水平较好的烟雾报警器。

其中选用MQ-2型半导体可燃气体敏感元件烟雾传感器实现烟雾的检测，具有灵敏度高、响应快、抗干扰能力强等优点，而且价格低廉，使用寿命长。

选用的STC12C5410AD 单片机，其整合了A/D转换、硬件乘法器、硬件脉宽调制器等资源，具有高速、低功耗、超强抗干扰等优点，是目前同类技术中性价比较高的产品。

以STC12C5410AD单片机和MQ-2型半导体电阻式烟雾传感器为核心设计的烟雾报警器可实现声光报警、故障自诊断、浓度显示、报警限设置、延时报警及与上位机串口通信等功能。

是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的烟雾报警器。

具有一定的实用价值。

关键词：烟雾，报警器，STC12C5410，传感器AbstractWhile “information age” the arrival, obtained the remarkable progress as the gain information method - - sensor technology, its application domain is more and more widespread, is more and more high to its request, the demand is more and more urgent.The sensor technology has become weighs one of national science and technology level of development important symbols.Therefore, understood and grasps each kind of sensor the basic structure, the principle of work and thecharacteristic is extremely important.In order to enhance to the sensor understanding and the understanding, in particular to the smog sensor thorough research as well as its usage and the use, based on practical, widespread and the model principle has designed this system.This article used the monolithic integrated circuit union sensor technology to develop has designed this smog supervisory system.。

基于STC89C51单片机的烟雾报警系统设计摘要：本文详细描述了基于STC89C51单片机的烟雾报警系统的设计，包括硬件电路的设计和软件程序的编写。

烟雾传感器通过检测环境中的烟雾浓度，与单片机进行通信，并根据设定的阈值进行报警。

为了提高系统的可靠性和稳定性，还设计了多种保护措施。

实验结果表明，该烟雾报警系统能够实现可靠的烟雾检测和报警功能。

关键词：STC89C51单片机；烟雾传感器；报警系统；保护措施；可靠性一、绪论随着人们对生命安全的重视，烟雾报警系统已经成为了一种不可或缺的安全设备。

烟雾报警系统通过检测环境中的烟雾浓度，在一早期发现火灾并及时采取措施，有效避免了火灾的扩散和人员伤亡。

本文将基于STC89C51单片机，设计一个烟雾报警系统，以提高环境安全性。

二、系统设计A.硬件设计1. STC89C51单片机STC89C51单片机是一款常用的8位单片机，具有体积小、功耗低、可靠性高等特点，适用于各种嵌入式系统。

该单片机的CPU频率为11.0592MHz，内部ROM为40KB，RAM为1280字节。

2. 烟雾传感器烟雾传感器是该系统的核心部件，用于检测环境中的烟雾浓度。

本文选用了一种具有高精度和快速响应的光电式烟雾传感器，具有较高的检测精度和抗干扰能力。

3. 报警器本文选用了一种高分贝的蜂鸣器作为报警器，当烟雾浓度超过设定值时，单片机会输出高电平信号，驱动蜂鸣器发出响亮的警报声。

4. 电源和电路保护为了保护电路和单片机的安全运行，需要对系统进行多种保护。

本文采用了过载保护、过压保护、反向保护等措施，同时选用了适宜的电源电压和电流，确保系统的稳定性和可靠性。

B.软件设计1. 系统初始化在系统启动时，需要对单片机进行初始化，包括引脚模式设置、计时器计数器配置、中断使能等。

同时还需要初始化烟雾传感器，设置检测精度和响应时间等参数。

2. 烟雾检测烟雾传感器通过光电反射原理，检测环境中烟雾的浓度，并输出模拟信号。

基于单片机的烟感报警器摘要本设计设计一个烟感报警器，通过传感器 (包括温感和烟感)将现场温度、烟雾等信号转化为可检测的电信号，放大和滤波电路将传感器输出的电信号送入A /D转换电路 ,完成烟雾传感器和温度传感器输出的模拟信号到数字信号的转换，单片机判断现场是否发生火灾。

若发生火灾，系统会驱动蜂鸣器和指示灯报警。

由于系统采用高性能的单片机芯片为核心和高灵敏度的烟感传感器，而且利用声音和指示灯两种报警形式进行报警提示，大大的提好了系统的精确性和可靠性。

关键词单片机 AT89C51 ADC0809 传感器SummaryThe design of the design of a smoke alarm, the scene temperature, smoke, etc. signal into electrical signal detected by the sensors (including temperature sensitive and smoke), amplification and filtering circuit of the sensor output electrical signal fed to the A / D converter circuit, the completion of the smoke sensor and temperature sensor output analog signal to digital signal conversion, the microcontroller to determine whether the site fire. If a fire occurs, the system will drive the buzzer and the alarm indicator.As the system uses high-performance microcontroller chip as the core and high sensitivity smoke sensors, and the use of sound and light form of two alarm alarm, much of the good accuracy and reliability of the system.Keywords AT89C51 MCU; ADC0809 sensor目录1 引言 (4)1.1 课题研究的背景和意义 (4)1.2本文内容的结构安排 (4)2 火灾报警系统整体方案设计 (5)2.1火灾的烟雾产生过程和温度升高过程 (5)2.2.1 系统硬件总体构架 (6)2.2.2 系统软件总体构架 (7)2.3系统主要器件的选择 (8)2.3.1 传感器的选择 (8)2.3.2 单片机芯片的选择 (12)2.3.3A/D转换芯片的选择 (13)3 火灾自动报警系统硬件设计 (14)3.1 信号放大和滤波电路 (14)3.2晶振电路与复位电路 (16)3.2.1晶振电路 (16)3.2.2 复位电路 (17)3.3声光报警电路 (17)3.3.1声音报警器 (17)3.3.2光报警器 (18)3.4 数据采集电路 (18)4 火灾报警系统程序设计 (21)4.1软件开发环境 (21)4.2火灾报警系统程序设计 (21)4.2.1 据采集程序 (22)4.2.2火灾判断与报警程序 (23)4.3软件调试 (24)5 总结 (25)参考文献 (27)附录............................................... 错误!未定义书签。

基于单片机的烟雾报警系统毕业论文(设计)基于单片机的烟雾报警系统设计一、选题目的和意义火灾是指在时间或空间上失去控制的燃烧所造成的灾害。

在各种灾害中，火灾是最经常、最普遍地威胁公众安全和社会发展的主要灾害之一。

人类能够对火进行利用和控制，是文明进步的一个重要标志。

火，给人类带来文明进步、光明和温暖。

但是，失去控制的火，就会给人类造成巨大的灾难。

本系统是一个由单片机控制的火灾烟雾浓度、温度检测系统，它将传感器输出地电压信号进行A/D转换、滤波、线性化，由单片机将电压值转换为气体浓度和温度送LED显示，并判断是否超过报警上限，若超过，则发出声光报警。

同时用户可以自己设定报警上限和定时时间，使用户可以根据实际情况方便的掌握安全状况。

本系统的设计能够及时监测到系统故障和环境中有无火灾，火灾一旦发生将实现声光报警，并采取有效措施控制火情的发展，将火灾消灭在萌芽状态，以确保人身财产安全，最大限度地减少损失。

二、本选题在国内外的研究现状和发展趋势自本世纪80年代开始，随着电子产品在人类生活中的使用越来越广泛，由此引起的火灾也越来越多，在我们生活的四周到处潜伏着火灾隐患。

目前国内厂家多偏重用于大型仓库、商场、高级写字楼、宾馆等场所大型火灾报警系统的研发，他们采用集中区域报警控制方式，其系统复杂、成本较高。

而在居民住宅区、机房、办公室等小型防火单位，需要设置一种单一或区域联网、廉价实用的火灾自动探测报警装置，因此，研制一种结构简单、价格低廉的语音数字联网火灾报警器是非常必要的。

三、课题设计方案1．目标：通过设计一个以STC12C5410AD单片机为核心外加MQ-2型半导体电阻式烟雾敏感器件的火灾报警器可以实现声光报警、故障自诊断、浓度显示、报警限设置、延时报警及与上位机串口通信等功能。

是一种结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉、智能化的火灾报警器，具有一定的实用价值。

2．内容：对烟雾报警系统进行整体功能分析，实现硬件和软件设计，对所选芯片做简单介绍，分模块实现各部分功能。

毕业设计论文基于单片机的烟雾报警器设计摘要随着社会和经济的发展，防火工作越来越重要，但是目前国内的许多研发都侧重于大型场所的火灾报警。

因此，我们就有必要研制一种结构简单、经济实用的家庭烟雾报警器以适应市场的需求。

基于供家庭使用的烟雾报警器应该具备的基本要求和功能，文章设计了一种比较适合的烟雾报警器。

本设计以传感器和单片机作为烟雾报警器设计的核心器件，配合其它器件即可实现声光报警、自动排烟换气和消防灭火等功能。

设计中单片机选用AT89C51作为控制器件，传感器选用QM-N5型气体传感器实现对烟雾的检测。

烟雾报警器主要由烟雾信号采集及前置放大电路、模数转换电路、单片机控制电路、显示电路、声光报警电路和安全保护电路构成，设计合理、简单易懂、价格低廉，使单片机在烟雾报警系统的控制中得到充分应用，具有一定的实用价值。

论文主要针对烟雾报警系统中的各个组成部分及功能进行了详细的介绍和说明，并对其主控电路和外围设备电路之间的接口连接方式，以及系统软件设计进行了重点的分析和讲解。

关键词：烟雾报警器；单片机；传感器Design of Smoke Alarm Based onMicrocontrollerAbstractWith the development of social and economic，the prevention of fire are more and more important.However, in the present, most of research and development of fire alarm systems only focus on large sites. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple, economical and practical family Smoke Alarm to meet the market demand. Taking both the basic requirement and the function of family Smoke Alarms should have into account, thesis designs a suitable smoke alarm for household using.Which the sensor and the microcontroller of the design is the most important part of alarm devices, with other devices can achieve alarming with sound and light, automatically reducing smoke and fighting fire ,etc. IN design, microcontroller used AT89C51 and select QM-N5 Gas Sensor to detect smoke. Smoke alarm mainly by the signal acquired circuit, A/D converted circuit, MCU controlled circuit,displayed circuit and alarming with sound and light circuit,reasonable design, simple structure, easy to use, inexpensive. As a result, the microcontroller in the control of the smoke alarm system is fully applied. Therefore, this design about smoke alarm has practical value. Thesis give detailed introduction for the function and theory of the various component parts of the alarm system, focus on the interface technology between its main controlled circuit and peripheral circuit, also give explanation of the software .Key words：Smoke Alarm;MCU; sensor目录摘要Abstract1 绪论 (1)1.1 概述 (1)1.2 设计烟雾报警器的目的及意义 (1)1.3火灾报警器的现状及特点 (2)1.4火灾报警器的发展趋势 (3)2 系统的总体方案设计 (4)2.1烟雾报警器的工作结构和原理 (4)2.2烟雾传感器的选型 (5)2.2.1烟雾传感器的介绍 (5)2.2.2 QM-N5半导体气体烟雾传感器 (8)2.3单片机的选型 (9)2.4烟雾报警器的主要功能设计 (12)3 系统的硬件电路 (13)3.1 系统电源电路 (13)3.2 AT89C51的时钟电路和复位电路 (13)3.3信号采集及前置放大电路 (14)3.4 A/D转换电路 (16)3.5声音报警及消音键电路 (17)3.6字符显示电路 (18)3.7状态指示灯电路 (19)3.8安全保护电路 (20)3.9报警器故障自诊断电路 (21)3.10烟雾报警器硬件总电路 (21)4 系统的软件的设计 (23)4.1系统主程序设计及流程图 (23)4.2主程序初始化流程图 (24)4.3报警子程序设计及流程图 (24)4.4按键输入设计子程序流程图 (26)5 结论 (27)参考文献致谢基于单片机的烟雾报警器设计1 绪论1.1 概述单片机及烟雾传感器是烟雾报警器系统的两大核心。

基于C51单片机的烟雾报警器设计烟雾报警器是一种常见的安全设备，用于检测空气中的烟雾并在发现烟雾时发出警报。

在本文中，我们将基于C51单片机来设计一个简单的烟雾报警器。

首先，我们需要了解烟雾报警器的基本原理。

烟雾报警器通常由三部分组成：传感器、信号处理电路和报警器。

传感器负责检测空气中的烟雾，将检测到的烟雾信号传递给信号处理电路，然后信号处理电路根据接收到的信号来判断是否需要触发报警器。

在我们的设计中，我们将使用MQ-2烟雾传感器来检测空气中的烟雾。

MQ-2传感器是一种常用的可燃气体与烟雾同时检测传感器，通过其内部的检测元件可以检测到空气中的烟雾或可燃气体。

传感器会输出一个电压信号，该信号的大小与检测到的烟雾浓度成正比。

我们将使用C51单片机来实现信号处理电路。

C51单片机是一种常见的8位单片机，非常适合用于嵌入式系统和物联网应用。

我们将使用单片机的模拟输入引脚来接收MQ-2传感器的输出信号，然后根据信号的大小来判断是否需要触发报警器。

接下来，我们需要编写单片机的程序来实现信号处理功能。

我们需要使用单片机的A/D转换功能来将传感器输出的模拟电压信号转换为数字信号，然后使用比较器来判断数字信号的大小。

首先，我们需要配置单片机的A/D转换模块。

我们可以使用单片机的内部参考电压，并选取一个合适的比较器阈值来判断烟雾浓度。

然后，我们可以使用单片机的中断功能来定期读取A/D转换的结果，并进行比较。

当检测到烟雾浓度超过设定的阈值时，我们需要触发报警器。

我们可以使用单片机的IO口来控制一个蜂鸣器或者发光二极管来发出警报。

当发生报警时，我们还可以使用单片机的串口通信功能来发送报警信息到外部设备或者云服务器。

最后，为了便于用户设置烟雾浓度的阈值，我们可以添加一个LCD显示屏和数码调节器。

用户可以通过旋转数码调节器来调整烟雾浓度的阈值，并通过LCD显示屏来显示当前的阈值。

综上所述，我们可以基于C51单片机来设计一个简单的烟雾报警器。

毕业设计姓名班级专业系部指导教师2014年10月27日湖南信息职业技术学院毕业设计诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计文本和成果，是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究所取得的成果。

成果不存在知识产权争议，本毕业设计不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表过的作品和成果。

本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。

湖南信息职业技术学院信息工程系15 届毕业设计摘要烟雾报警器就是通过监测烟雾的浓度来实现火灾防范的，烟感器内部采用离子式烟雾传感，离子式烟雾传感器是一种技术先进，工作稳定可靠的传感器，被广泛运用到各种消防报警系统中，性能远优于气敏电阻类的火灾报警器。

它在内外电离室里面有放射源镅241，电离产生的正、负离子，在电场的作用下各自向正负电极移动。

在正常的情况下，内外电离室的电流、电压都是稳定的。

一旦有烟雾窜逃外电离室。

干扰了带电粒子的正常运动，电流，电压就会有所改变，破坏了内外电离室之间的平衡，于是无线发射器发出无线报警信号，通知远方的接收主机，将报警信息传递出去。

本系统使用AT89C51单片机，选用集成温度传感器AD590和气体传感器TGS202作为敏感元件，利用多传感器信息融合技术，开发了可用于小型单位火灾报警的语音数字联网报警器。

我国的火灾自动报警控制系统经历了从无到有、从简单到复杂的发展过程，其智能化程度也越来越高。

目前国内厂家多偏重用于大型仓库、商场、高级写字楼、宾馆等场所大型火灾报警系统的研发。

关键词：单片机；传感器；信号处理；火灾报警器目录摘要 (1)目录 (5)一方案论证与比较 (6)方案一：气敏传感器驱动555震荡报警 (6)方案二：单片机检测气敏传感器再驱动蜂鸣器报警 (6)二部分器件简介 (8)1. 烟雾传感器 (8)（1）光电烟雾报警IC种类 (9)（2）离子烟雾报警IC (10)(3)KT-601型便携式可燃气体检测仪 (10)(4)MF8892型烟雾检测仪 (11)(5)KING-01型可燃气体检测仪 (12)(6)而GS-1型火警报警器 (12)2.主控制器AT89S52 (13)（1）MSC-51芯片资源简介 (13)(2)单片机的引脚 (14)(3)89S51单机的电源线 (15)(4)89S51单片机的外接晶体引脚 (15)(5)89S51单片机的控制线 (16)(6)89S51单片机复位方式 (16)三报警系统设计 (18)1.硬件电路设计 (18)（1）单片机最小系统 (18)（2）气敏检测系统 (18)（3）电源电路 (19)（4）报警驱动电路 (19)2.系统软件设计 (19)（1）软件流程图 (19)（2）程序清单 (20)四结束语 (24)五参考文献 (25)一方案论证与比较方案一：气敏传感器驱动555震荡报警如图1所示为简易气体烟雾报警电路。

《毕业论文-基于单片机原理的烟雾传感器设计》摘要火灾已成为我国常发性和破坏性以及影响力最强的灾害之一。

随着经济和城市建设的快速发展，城市高层、地下建筑以及大型综合性建筑日益增多，火灾隐患也大大增加，火灾的数量及其造成的损失呈逐年上升趋势。

在工业和民用建筑、宾馆、酒店、图书馆、科研和商业部门，火灾烟雾报警器已成为必要的装置。

火灾报警系统对现代建筑起着极其重要的安全保障作用。

火灾报警控制器是火灾烟雾报警系统的核心。

本文对火灾烟雾报警控制器和探测器做了深入的研究，并全面阐述了火灾烟雾报警控制器和探测器硬件和软件设计。

以下是本文完成的主要工作: 1(火灾烟雾报警系统的控制器采用C8051F020单片机进行设计，所设计的控制器具有较高的性价比，还具有操作人员管理、报警信息查询、探测器管理、预报警、火警处理、通讯等功能，在控制器中采用LCD显示器进行报警系统所需各种信息显示。

2(探测器控制电路的核心采用PHILIP公司的低功耗P87LPC762单片机，它实现了对火灾信息的检测和传送;为提高系统的适应性与扩展性，进行了写码器设计。

3(控制器与探测器之间的通讯采用无线高频通讯方式进行，运用KB8825双频合成器进行了无线通讯电路设计，具有抗干扰能力强、功耗低等优点，可靠地完成了探测器与控制器之间的无线通信。

本文设计的火灾烟雾报警电路能有效地防止和减少火灾危害，解决有线火灾报警系统不能解决的问题，对保护人身安全和财产安全具有现实意义。

【关键词】火灾烟雾报警系统电路火灾探测器单片机Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out atall levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions andgrass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipalprovisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improvetheir thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction ofa powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unitis mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership,leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educationactivities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass lineline Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve thestyle of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept isnot correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project","political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementationof key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination andapproval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.目录目录 i 第一章前言 11.1烟雾报警系统在国内的发展情况 11.2烟雾报警系统的分类 2 第二章方案设计和测量原理 22.1引言 22.2火灾探测器的选择 22.2.1离子感烟探测器的工作原理 5 第三章火灾烟雾报警控制器的设计 53.1电源模块的设计 53.1.1供电方式 53.1.2稳压电源 73.1.3不间断供电电路 63.2主控模块设计 73.2.1MCU的选择 73.2.2LCD模块的接口电路 8 第四章火灾烟雾报警系统的软件设计 94.1火灾报警系统控制器软件设计 94.2火灾烟雾报警系统通讯模块软件设计 9 结论 12 参考文献 13 谢辞 13y members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the massesPart ul extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry oflaw, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely opposeformalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wastef massespal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the ions and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municiegulat, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight rthe theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the peoplele as "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest peoplementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the ty impJinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < parnary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi d Plens.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the thirAccording to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinio roots party organizations.-ry to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grassin the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in Januay ied deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass lineeducational practice activitOpinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unif2o promote leapfrog development.olicy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission tent pof cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investm need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the developmentre optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structu-management personnel, and strive to build a highquality management -market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high petition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of theet comnd workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to marks.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres aowned asset-tion the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensurethat the value of stategumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injecwin principle, in the framework of national policies andregulations, strict inspection and ar-l trust, mutual benefit, seeking winzons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutuar horihepursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden theireakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, tkey bl planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, carefu ss ofthe maximum to avoid investment risk, gainprofit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awarene street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the correct road,hip, thing difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The townsof law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, some robleme heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic pp guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under thdershidres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leas on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThecentral and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cafocu improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) azy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, toong lattention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Y erhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard theinterests of the masses, payn, ovleadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigatio ducation practice is to seize against "four wind"this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, townshipty's eice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the coune cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practto th pen the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to theclassification guidance. Orderly, pay more attentiony more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to oip, pare to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadershhe mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adheand tion activities and the masses of grassroots groups in closecontact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community educat windoweading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and e rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and lroots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow th-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-ents under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, nonpartmf the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county deof the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture o Styleto close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level.第一章绪论1.1烟雾报警系统在国内的发展情况我国火灾报警系统起步较发达国家晚几十年，从上世纪70年代我国才开始研制生产火灾报警系统产品。

①烟雾报警器的工作原理；②单片机最小系统；③ADC0809数模转换器；④子程序流程图。

（2）系统的总体设计主控单片机是采用AT89C52芯片，传感器模块选用ZYMQ-2气体传感器，显示模块选用LCD1602，设置部分选用按键电路。

该系统的整体框架图如图1所示：图1 系统整体框架图二、硬件电路设计1. AT89C52单片机简介本系统主要是由AT89C52单片机作为其核心，选用11.0592MHZ的晶振，使得单片机的运行速度能够较为合理。

AT89C52单片机最小系统电路设计如图2所示。

图2 单片机最小系统电路图单片机最小系统由单片机，晶振电路，复位电路，电源电路等四部分所组成。

1.晶振：大小由单片机时钟周期的要求而决定（用于计时，与两个电容并联使用，电容大小由你的晶振决定，一般用22pF）2.复位电路：用于对对当前电路的状态进行复位3.电源：用于供电，一般用电脑的USB口供电4.烧制程序的口：并口输入，这个要根据由使用单片机的种类决定，本设计采用ATC 可用并口。

2. 总体方案设计本系统主要包括五个主要的模块编程：第一模块是声光报警电路的编程；第二模块是ADC0809数模转换模块编程；第三模块是液晶显示屏1602的编程；第四模块是单片机最小系统的编程；第五模块是按键设计电路的编程。

图3 原理图三、烟雾报警器的原理1. 主程序流程当烟雾报警器正常运行时，传感器感受周围的烟雾浓度，将这种微小的电压信号经过放大电路放大，转换成可观的模拟电子信号，然后送入到ADC0809中进行数模转换，之后送到ATC89C52单片机中进行处理。

2. 报警电路的子程序流程当单片机接收到ADC0809中的感应信号，发现不为零时，系统就会开启报警模式，此时，LED灯闪亮，并且时间持续30min，知道工作人员手动关闭或者周围环境的烟雾浓度降低到一定数值。

蜂鸣器鸣叫时，LED显示为“1”，于此同时会发出信号，当烟雾浓度持续30s还不下降时，说明不是误报警，此时通过单片机控制，进行紧急灭火处理，否则的话，报警系统只会LED灯亮，自动排烟系统启动，却不会开启灭火模式。