新编大学英语5Unit1-6课文语言点整理

《新编大学英语5》1－6单元语言点整理英语教育学院薛媛6803612011-12-16Unit 11. agent (Line 2) n.[C] a means of …手段，途径1) a person who acts for or represents another，代理人e.g. Please contact our agent in Spain for further information.travel agent 旅行社经纪人real estate agent 地产经纪人agency.e.g. an employment agency2) a person or thing that produces a particular effect or change 产生某种效果的人力或物质a chemical agent, oxidizing agents化学制剂，氧化剂a cleaning agent除垢剂a FBI (secret) agent (= a spy) 密探2. subject (Line3, para.1)A. n. [C]1) a person who lives in or whohas the right to live in aparticular country, especially acountry with a king or queen:臣民，公民E.g. She is Italian by birth and a British subject by marriage.2) 主题，对象，科目Eg. a. What did he say on the subject of age?b. His appearance was the subject for some critical comments.3) subject for sth. 引起某种情感或行为的人或物a subject for pity, ridicule, jealousyB. subject (adj.)subject to sth./sb.:1) obliged to obey sth./sb.; under the authority o sth./sb. 服从，受支配E.g. a. Everyone is subject to the law.b. The arrangements are subject to change at short notice.c. All such gatherings are subject to the laws on political meetings.d. His hiring is subject to your approval.2) often having, suffering or undergoing sth.; liable to sth.. 常患或常遭受某事物；倾向某事物E.g. Are you subject to colds?The plan is subject to alteration. 计划可能有变。

Unit 1 hit the nail on the head 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

Unit Three: 我的朋友阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦1)虽然阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是迄今为止世界上最伟大的科学家之一，但如果要我用一个词来描述他的话我会选择纯朴。

或者有关他的一些轶事能让你理解我为什么这么说。

有一次，遇上了倾盆大雨，他摘下帽子揣在衣服下面。

别人问他为什么，他以令人钦佩的逻辑解释说，雨会淋坏帽子，而他的头发淋湿了却不会坏。

这种直达问题核心的诀窍以及他对美非同寻常的感知就是他主要科学发现的秘密所在。

2)1935年，在坐落于新泽西著名的普林斯顿高级研究院，我第一次见到阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦。

他是第一批被该院邀请的人，在工资方面学院任由他提条件。

令院长惊鄂的是，爱因斯坦要求的薪水简直办不到---- 他要得太少了。

院长不得不恳求他接受一个大一些的数目。

3)我对爱因斯坦很敬畏，犹豫再三才就我一直在考虑的一些想法向他请教。

当我终于鼓起勇气敲响他的门时，听到一个温和的声音说：“进来。

”声调有些上扬，带有欢迎和询问的语气。

我走进他的办公室，看见他坐在桌子旁边，一边抽着烟斗一边算着什么。

他的衣服很不合身，头发乱蓬蓬的，极具个性，向我热情地微笑着表示欢迎我的到来。

他的平易自然立刻让我放松了下来。

4)当我开始阐述自己的见解时，他叫我把方程式写在黑板上，这样他就能明白它们是怎么展开。

接着他提出了一个令人惊鄂但又非常可爱的请求：“请你漫漫地写，我理解东西不快。

”这种话竟出自爱因斯坦之口！他说得很温和，我笑了。

从此残留的畏惧之情都烟消云散了。

5)爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆市。

他并非神童式的人物。

事实上他说话很晚，他的父母甚至担心他是弱、智儿。

上学后,虽然老师们看不出他有什么天分，但天才的迹象已经显露。

例如，他自学微积分，老师们有些怕他，因为他总问些他们回答不出的问题。

因此，十六岁时他就问自己是否当人跟着光波跑得一样快的时候它会好像是静止的。

由这一天真的问题的引发，十年之后他创立了相对论。

6)爱因斯坦没有通过苏黎士瑞士联邦工艺学校的入学考试，但在一年后被录取了。

Unit 1Section AVocabulary1.They felt that the aggressive behavior and attention-seeking which are more prevalent among males should not be reinforced by teacher responses.2.The ideology of enterprise culture has finally permeated the remaining institutions of British cultural life.3. He warned that authorities would not hesitate to take decisive action against any groups or individuals that contemplateda disturbance of the peace.4. Truly, there is no such thing as a “free lunch”; every decision has its own inherent problems.5. It was in the middle of the busiest city in Europe, with noise, exhaust fumes and literally thousands of bodies all within yards.6. Having children so early in their marriage was a mixed blessing.7. Politically they tend to be unstable, with very high birth rates but poor education and very low levels of literacy.8. Two contrasting colors such as blue and yellow can look effective when freely mingled , each intensifying the impact of the other.9. The period of the flood and directly afterwards had become completely distorted in her mind.10. Colleagues and pupils thought of him as formidable; a few found him frightening; a few found him affable.11. The scheme is being widely debated on television because it sets a precedent for other companies.12. From July, all organically produced food must be certified under EC regulations.Phrases and expressions1. hunt down2. absorbed into3. have access to4. with the exception of5. For that matter6. In the absence of7.with respect to8. is tailored to9. be restricted to 10. call for 11. in large meas12. ranged fromTranslation1.在一个充斥着错误信息的世界，让学生学会识别真的、美的、好的信息是一个巨大的挑战。

Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。

差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。

新编大学英语第五册-课文翻译及答案（浙江大学）课文翻译Unit 1 美女还是老虎？很久以前，有一个国王，非常野蛮，想像力却非常丰富。

他出了很多点子，其中一个就是建一个大竞技场来执行裁决。

在那里，罪恶受到惩治，美德得以回报。

当臣民被指控犯罪，而且其罪行足以令国王关注时，就会发布公告，告知在某一指定的日期，被指控者的命运将在国王的竞技场上决定。

所有人都已聚集在观众席上，而在竞技场的一边，国王高高地坐在他的御座上，周围簇拥着他的皇室成员及侍臣。

当所有人就座后，国王就会发出信号，接着他下面的一扇门就会打开，受到指控的臣民从这儿出来，走入竞技场。

在竞技场的另一边，国王的正对面有一模一样的两扇门，紧紧地挨着。

受审者直接走向这两扇门，打开其中的一扇，这是他必须做的事，也是他的特殊待遇。

他愿意打开哪扇门，就打开哪扇门。

他不会得到任何提示，只有凭运气。

他可能打开一扇门，里面会出来一只凶残饥饿的老虎。

老虎立即立即扑向他，将他撕得四分五裂。

这就是对他所犯罪行的惩罚。

但是，如果受审者打开另一扇门，里面会走出一位小姐，她是国王从国内众多美女中挑选出来的，是与他的年龄和身份最般配的；他必须立即与这位小姐结婚，这是对他清白无罪的回报。

也许他已有妻小，也许他已心有所属，但这一切都不重要。

婚礼会立即在竞技场上举行。

那时，钟声敲响，观众欢呼，这位无辜的人则领着他的新娘回家。

这就是国王进行裁决的方式。

其公正性是显而易见的。

如果被告有罪，他将立即受到惩治；如果清白，则当场得到回报。

这种制度非常受欢迎。

其中的不确定因素给这种场合增添了趣味性。

国王有一个漂亮任性的女儿，是国王的掌上明珠。

他爱她胜过爱任何人。

在他的侍臣中，有一位职位较低的年轻人，由于他英俊、勇武，公主爱上了他。

他们幸福地恋爱了好几个月之后，有一天被国王碰巧发现了。

国王立即将年轻人监禁起来，并定下日期要在竞技场审判他。

这样的案子以前从未发生过；以前也从未有任何臣民胆敢爱上国王的女儿。

新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5 课文翻译Passage ABefore You ReadWhat do you know about the cultural conflict between China and the West？conflict：[ˈkɒnflɪkt , kənˈflɪkt] n.冲突;争执;争论;矛盾;不一致。

v.(两种思想、信仰等)冲突，抵触。

Cultural:[ˈkʌltʃərəl]adj. 与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的。

你对中西文化冲突了解多少Differences between American and Chinese Classes美国和中国的课堂差异We hear about the informality in American classes from time to time. For instance, American professors/teachers do not dress up very formally and they generally call students by their first names. Students can speak out in class, where they do not even need to raise their hands. In addition, in many schools, students can eat or drink during class. American students sometimes argue with their teachers in class, give teachers suggestions on things that need changing, or even criticize their ideas.hear about 得知; 听到关于from time to time 不时地;间或;偶尔For instance 例如;譬如。

Hit the Nail on the Head教学时数：4学时教学目的与要求：通过本单元的学习，要求学生熟悉课文内容，掌握新的英语词汇和理解课文基本大意，能够对课文的主旨进行简单总结和评论，并独立完成本单元练习题。

教学重点：重点句子的理解。

教学难点：creep, loiter, march, meander, pace, patrol, plod, prowl, ramble, roam, saunter, shuffle, stagger, stalk, step, tread, trudge,and walk的词义辨析。

About Style语体（文体；风格）1. variation in a person‘s speech or writing. Style usually varies from casual to formal according to the type of situation, the person or persons addressed, the location, the topic discussed, etc. a particular style, e.g.a formal style or a colloquial style, is sometimes referred to as a stylistic variety (语体类型)。

Some linguists use the term ―register‖ for a stylistic variety whilst others differentiate between the two.2. Style can also refer to a particular person‘s use of speech or writing at all times or to a way of speaking or writing at a particular period of time, e.g. Dickens‘s style, the style of Shakespeare, an 18th–century style of writing.About the author:Alan Warner(1912- ), English teacher at Makerere College, Kampala, Uganda. The selection is Chapter 7 of his book A Short Guide to English Style (1961), which consists of three parts: Part One, How to write clean English; Part Two, the development of English style; and Part Three, English styles today. In writing the book, the author has tried to keep in mind the special needs and difficulties of those students for whom English is not the mother tongue.I．Background Information1．Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880), French novelist, was associated with,thought not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of nineteenth-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, e xtreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.2. Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan‘s comedy The Rivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of word s. ―As headstrong as an allegory (alligator) on the banks of the Nile‖ is one of her grotesque misapplications. She also requests that no delusions (allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism as a name for such mistakes.(谢里丹Sheridan，Richard Brinsley, 英国剧作家，政治家。

Unit 5 Animal WorldDo Animals Have A Culture?by John Fried[1] Lately, social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group different from another group.[2] Our culture lets us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead, we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these aspects of human behavior, or “culture”, can also be found in the lives of certain animals.[3] We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. This is a major step up from simply picking up a handy object and using it. For example, chimpanzees have been seen stripping the leaves off a branch, then putting it into a termite nest. When the termites bite at the stick, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end—like our use of a fork.[4] For some time we thought that although human beings learned their culture, animals could not be taught such behavior. Or even if they could learn, they would not teach one another in the way humans do. This, too, has proven to be untrue. A group of Japanese monkeys was studied at the Kyoto University Monkey Center in Japan. They were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island. One day a young female began to wash her sweet potato to get rid of the sand. This practice soon spread throughout the group. It became learned behavior, not from humans but from other monkeys. Now almost all the monkeys who have not come into contact with this group do not. Thus there is a “cultural” difference among animals.[5] We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior. We have also ruled out the learning and sharing of behavior. Yet we still have held onto the last feature—language. But even the use of language can no longer separate human culture from animal culture. Attempts to teach apes to speak have failed. However, this is because apes do not have the proper vocal organs. But teaching them language has been very successful if we are willing to accept other forms than just the spoken word. Two psychologists trained a chimpanzee named Washoe to use StandardAmerican Sign Language. This is the same language used by deaf people. In this language, “talk” is made through gestures, and not by spelling out w ords with individual letters. By the time she was five years old, Washoe had a vocabulary of 130 signs. Also, she could put them together in new ways that had not been taught her originally. This means she could create language and not just mimic it. She creates her own sentences that have real meaning. This has allowed two-way talk. It permits more than one-way command and response.[6] Of course, there are limits to the culture of animals. As far as we know, no ape has formed social institutions such as religion or law. Also, some chimpanzees may be able to learn sign language, but this form of language is limited in its ability to communicate abstract ideas. Yet with a spoken language we can communicate our entire culture to anyone else who knows that language. Perhaps the most important thing is that the line dividing us from them is not as clear as we used to think.动物拥有文化吗?1 只有人类拥有文化呢，还是某些动物也同样拥有文化，这是社会科学家们最近才提出来的问题。