汽车保险
汽车保险是在事故后保证自己的财产安全合同。尽管联邦法律没有强制要求，但是在大多数州（新罕布什和威斯康星州除外）都要求必须购买汽车保险；在各个州都有最低的保险要求。在鼻腔只购买汽车保险的两个州，如果没有足够的证据表明车主财力满足财务责任法的要求，那么他就必须买一份汽车保险。就算没有法律规定，买一份合适的汽车保险对司机避免惹上官和承担过多维修费用来说都是非常实用的。
依据美国保险咨询中心的资料显示，一份基本的保险单应由6个险种组成。这其中有些是有州法律规定，有些是可以选择的，具体如下：
1.身体伤害责任险
2.财产损失责任险
3.医疗险或个人伤害保护险
4.车辆碰撞险
5.综合损失险
6.无保险驾驶人或保额不足驾驶人险
责任保险
责任险的投保险额一般用三个数字表示。不如，你的保险经纪人说你的保险单责任限额是20/40/10，这就代表每个人的人身伤害责任险赔偿限额是2万美元，每起事故的热身上海责任险赔偿限额是4万美元，每起事故的财产损失责任险的赔偿限额是1万美元。
人身伤害和财产损失责任险是大多数汽车保险单的基础。要求汽车保险的每个州都强令必须投保财产损失责任险，佛罗里达是唯一要求汽车保险但不要求投保人身伤害责任险的州。如果由于你的过错造成了事故，你的责任险会承担人身伤害、财产损失和法律规定的其他费用。人身伤害责任险将赔偿医疗费和误工工资；财产损失责任险将支付车辆的维修及零件更换费用。财产损失责任险通常承担对其他车辆的维修费用，但是也可以对你的车撞坏的灯杆、护栏、建筑物等其他物品的损坏进行赔偿。另一方当事人也可以决定起诉你赔偿精神损失。
看看汽车责任险的最低投保要求，你就会发现在你居住的地方哪些保险是必须的。记住，如果你引起了一场严重的交通事故，最低限度的保险可能不足以支付你造成的损失。因此最好在州要求的最低限度外再买一些保险。如果你已经拥有了家庭或者拥有养老或存储账户，你应该更多地考虑责任险。因为在大多数州，司机们都有权利去起诉肇事司机。如果你被起诉了并且你投保的保额不足以弥补各类损失，那么你有可能会成为众矢之的，个人财政将陷入麻烦。
车辆碰撞险和综合损失险
如果投保人肇事，车辆碰撞险将支付你的车辆维修费。通常投保人得到的赔付不能超过车辆实际价值，这和车辆的更换费用不同。
车辆碰撞险通常来说是汽车保险中最贵的险种。选择一个较高的免赔额，比如500或1000美元，就会使你的保险费下降。不过要记住，你必须承担免赔额以内的部分，保险公司只承担超出免赔额的部分。
更换费用是重置车辆或用相同种类和质量的材料维修你的车，没有折旧扣除。折旧是因使用年限或磨损等原因使汽车价值的减少。
实际价值是财产被损坏或毁坏是的实际价值。理赔人员通常会用重置成本减去折旧来确定车辆实际价值。
保险公司通常在维修费用超过汽车价值一定比例的时候将车视作“车辆全损”。这个比例高低因公司不同而异，从55%—90%不等。
综合损失险对非交通事故原因造成投保人车辆的损失进行赔付：如偷盗，火灾，被故意破坏，自然灾害，或各种意外等。综合损失险同样可以有免赔额，并在车辆毁伤时保险公司仅按车辆价值赔付。
正常情况下，因为保险公司的赔偿额度不会超过汽车的账面价值，你最好对这个金额有个大致的了解。如果你车的价值还不如保费额，还是不要投保的好。
任何州都不会强制投保人购买碰撞险及综合损失险，不过当车主能够负担汽车费用时，贷方可能会在贷款协议中要求车主购买碰撞及综合险。即使没有要求，碰撞及综合险也是保险业大力推荐的险种，以便在不可预知的毁坏或偷盗情况下，车主可以避免重大损失。车辆偷盗现象很常见。
医疗险、个人上海保护险和无过错险
医疗险讲对被保险人及车上人员在事故后的医疗保险费用进行赔付。这些费用可能由于投保人驾驶自己的车或别人的车是发生的事故，或者被保险人及其家庭成员在步行时收到的伤害。无论过错在哪一方，保险公司都会进行赔付，但若责任由第三方造成，保险公司可以对其进行追偿。
个人伤害保护险是医疗险的一种延伸形式。他用来支付与伤害有关的费用但并非必须是医疗的，如丧失的工资收入，幼托、丧葬支出等。目前有16各州要求购买个人上海保护险，如果你已经投保了一份不错的身体健康保险的话，幸运的是你只需要买最低额度的医疗险或个人伤害保护险即可。
无保险驾驶人险或保额不足驾驶人险
无保险驾驶人险在你被撞伤而肇事司机逃逸或被没有投保汽车保险的司机撞伤时进行赔付。在有些州，这两种险也对财产损失进行赔付。
保额不足驾驶人险肇事司机所投的责任保险额不足一米不造成的损失时保险公司进行赔偿。在有些州，这两种险也对财产损失进行赔付。
类似地，保额不足驾驶人险也会在你遭受一个保额不足的司机装及时给与赔付。如果你是行人遭受撞击，保额不足驾驶人险会支付这些费用。
附加条款
汽车保险有很多补充，即可作为单独险种，也可作为附加条款。
租车补偿条款常见的附加条款，当你的车损坏或丢失而不能使用时的租车费用。
拖车和人工条款以防止车辆途中抛锚，亦很常见。
差价补偿条款若你的新车全损，用来支付实际价值和汽车贷款余额之间的差额。
每个州都要求车主购买基本的汽车保险。在汽车的使用过程中，要求随车携带保险证明。在以下这些时候你可能要出示保险证明：汽车登记时，发生事故时，还有驾驶过程中。建议车主将保险证明放到车上，而不是带在身上，这样不管岁驾驶，都可以随时出示保险证明。
任何违反州法律中关于汽车保险内容的行为都会带来一些后果，轻则高额罚款，重则吊销驾照甚至入狱。这些可怕的后果说明购买汽车保险非常值得。不投保而又不被惩罚的可能性很小，一旦被发现将重罚。
汽车保险益处
1.基本保障
基本保障包括：保证对车企及车体的终身维修，维修期间提供代步车，24小时热线服务电话，及时安排维修，晚间紧急情况下的住宿，对私人随身物品、医疗费用、车内音频视频设备的损坏予以赔偿，24小时挡风玻璃的更换，维修热线提供法律和医疗方面的建议及事故后咨询。
2.附加保障
附加保障包括：最大限度的无赔款优待，法律帮助，旅行意外险及抛锚险，如在路边，修车时或在家抛锚的情况下提供帮助。
投保人选择的险种不同，保险就有所不同。
投保人可以按需要从下列险种中选择：
第三者责任险——保险公司对因被保险人驾驶时的责任引起的三方人身伤害或财产损失负赔偿责任。
第三者火灾及盗抢险——除了上述第三方责任险外保险公司还对投保人车辆在事故中遭受的火灾及盗抢负赔偿责任。
综合损失险——对被保险人的车辆损失以及第三者的人身损害和财产损失提供保障。
投保人可以将下列内容补充道一上车险种：
前一年度没有索赔，保险公司给与的最大限度的无赔款优待；
法律帮助计划；
抛锚险；
旅行意外险。
3.部分主要益处解析
上面简要介绍了保险所提供的保障，下面我们分别详细说明。
1）24小时服务热线
当投保人发生了事故或遭受了损失，可以随时拨打保险公司24小时服务热线，向态度友好、处理高效的专家说明。
2）及时安排维修
发生了保险单中载明的事故之后，投保人如果选择保险公司推荐的修理厂进行维修的话，保险公司将会立刻通知该维修厂提供服务。这些维修厂都是经保险公司严格检查，始终保持较高工作质量，经他们维修过的车起火车身可以终身保修就是证据。
3）关于热线电话给于的特别折扣及24小时更换玻璃服务
如果投保车辆的挡风玻璃，车程几天窗玻璃破损，被保险人可以拨打24小时波利维修热线。如果投的是综合损失险，所有维修都将免费。如果已经无法维修的就只能更换，超出部分费用由投保人自己承当。超出的费用已在投保人的投保单中注明，如果投保人决定比进行索赔或通过其他险种索赔，将会得到来自供应商的额外折扣。
4）车辆维修
只要是再保险责任内车辆发生损坏事故，保险公司专门推荐的一些维修厂会集中并运送投保人的车辆。如果保单有相应记载，他们还将提供代步车给投保人使用。车辆一到修理厂马上开始修理。为了保证不影响被保险人保单的效力，汽修厂将会对车企和车身进行终身保修。
Auto insurance
Auto insurance is a contract that protects your financial security in case of an accident. Although it is not mandated by federal law, the purchase of auto insurance is usually a requirement in most states; every state has minimum insurance laws. If said owner cannot produce proof of satisfactory assets, the he must buy an auto insurance policy. Regardless of the law, having good auto insurance is practical for the driver who wishes to avoid lawsuits or immense repair bills.
According to the Insurance Information Institute, a basic auto insurance policy is comprised of six basic types of coverage. While some of these types of coverage are required by state law, some are considered optional. These are:
1.Bodily injury liability
2.Property damage liability
3.Medical payments or Personal Injury Protection
4.Collision
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a2020900.html,prehensive
6.Uninsured/Underinsured motorists coverage
Liability insurance
Liability coverage limits (that’s for the damage you do to others) are usually presented as a series of three numbers. For example, your agent might say that your policy carries liability limits of 20/40/10. That stands for $20,000 in bodily injury coverage per person, $40,000 in bodily injury coverage per accident, and #10,000 in property-damage coverage per accident.
Liability insurance (both bodily injury and property damage) is the foundation of most auto insurance policies. Every state that requires auto insurance mandates the purchase of property damage liability, and Florida is the only that requires auto insurance but does not call for bodily injury liability. If you are at fault in an auto accident, your liability coverage will pay all the expenses, bodily injury, property damage, and any legal bills. The bodily injury coverage would pay for medical bills and lost wages; the property damage coverage would pay for any auto repairs, or replacement. Property damage liability usually repairs damage to other vehicles, but can also cover damages to things such as lamp plus, fences, buildings, or anything sew that your car ma have struck. The other party also decide to sue you to collect” pain and suffering” damages.
See the Minimum levels of required auto liability insurance to find out what’s
required where you live. Remember, if you cause a serious accident, minimum insurance may not cover you adequately. That’s why it’s a good idea to buy more than what your state requires. If you own a home and have nest egg and a savings account, you should consider more liability insurance because, in most states, drivers are allowed to sue other drives who injure them in car accidents. If you’re sued and your liability insurance doesn’t pay for all of the damages, your personal finances are on the hook, and it’s likely you’ll become a target.
Collision and comprehensive coverage’s
If you cause and accident, collision coverage will pay to repair your vehicle. You usually can’t collect any more than the actual cash value of your car, which is not the same as the car’s replacement cost. Collision coverage is normally the most expensive component of auto insurance. By choosing a higher deductible, say $500or $1, 000, you can keep your premium costs down... However, keep in mind that you most pay the amount of deductible before the insurance company kicks in any money after an accident.
Replacement cost is the amount it would take to replace your vehicle or repair damages with materials of similar kind and quality, without deducting for depreciating. Depreciation is the decrease in vehicle value because of age or wear and tear.
Actual cash value (ACV) is the value of your property when it is damaged or destroyed. Claims adjusters usually figure ACV by taking the replacement cost and subtracting depreciation. Insurance companies often will “total” your car if the repair costs exceed a certain percentage of the car’s worth. The critical damage point varies from company to company, from 55 percent to 90 percent.
Comprehensive coverage will pay for damages to your car that weren’t caused by an auto accident: Damages form theft, fire, vandalism, natural disasters, or hitting a deer all qualify. Comprehensive coverage also comes with a deductible and your insurer will only pay as much as the car was worth when it got wrecked.
Because insurance companies normal will not pay you more than your coo’s book value, it’s helpful if you have a rough idea of this amount .If your car is worth less than what you’re paying for the coverage, you’re better off not having it.
Neither collision nor comprehension insurance is required by any of the states, but some lenders, when the owner finances the car, nay require the purchase of collision and comprehensive in the loan agreement. Even when t is not required, collision and comprehensive coverage is highly recommended by the insurance industry, so that in the unforeseen event of damage or theft, the owner of the car can avoid heavy bills.
Theft of cars is not as unusual as some people may think
. Medical payments, PIP, and no-fault coverage’s
Medical payments (Med pay) coverage will pay for your and your passengers’medical expenses after an accident. These expenses can arise form accidents while you’re driving your car, someone else’s car (with their permission), and injuries you or your family members incur when you’re pedestrians. The coverage will pay regardless of who is a fault, but if someone else is liable, your insurer may seek to recoup the expenses from him or her.
Personal Injury Protection (PIP)coverage is an extended form of Med Pay. Pip may cover expenses that are reacted to injury, but not necessarily medical, such as lost wages, childcare and funeral costs. PIP coverage is currently required by sixteen states. If you are already insured under a good health insurance policy, then fortunately, there is no need to buy more than the minimum required amount of PIP or Med Pay insurance.
Uninsured/Underinsured motorist’s coverage
Uninsured motorists (UM) coverage pays for your injuries of you’re stuck by a hit-and-run driver or someone who doesn’t have auto insurance. It is required in many states.
Underinsured motorists (UIM) coverage will pay out if the driver who hit you causes more damage than his or her liability coverage can cover. IN some states, UM or UIM coverage will also pay for property damages.
Similarly, underinsured motorists insurance will cover any damage caused when you are struck by a driver who is not insured for a sufficient amount. If you are hit, as a pedestrian, underinsured coverage will cover the expenses.
Add-on features
Several supplemental auto coverage is available, either as separate premium items or included in augmented policies.
Rental reimbursement, a common add-on, covers vehicle rentals required because your car is damaged or stolen.
Coverage for towing and labor charges in case of a broad breakdown is also common.
Gap coverage for your new car will pay the difference between the actual cash value you receive for the car and the amount left on your car loan if your vehicle is totaled in an accident.
Basic auto insurance is required by virtually every state. Proof of insurance is required
at different items throughout the life of a vehicle. You may be asked for proof of insurance at any and al of these items: at vehicle registration, at the time of an accident, and any time when driving the vehicle. It is suggested that the owner of the car keeps proof of insurance in the car at all times, instead of on his or her person, so that it can be available at all times, no matter who is driving.
Any violations of state law regarding auto insurance could result in, at best, a hefty fine, and at worst, suspension of your driver’s license and/or time in jail. The dire consequences of driving while uninsured are not worth the neglect of paying for insurance. The chance that an uninsured driver wills detection is slim; he is likely being caught and strictly punished.
The benefits with auto insurance
Standard Benefits
Standard benefits count in Lifetime guarantee on all paint and bodywork repairs, Courtesy car, 24-hour Claims Helpline, and Immediate authorization of repairs, Emergency overnight accommodation, Cover for personal effects, Cover for legal advice, medical advice and post-accident counseling.
Available as Optional Extras
Available as optional extras count in Maximum No Claim Bonus for Life, Legal Assistance, Travel Accident Plan and Breakdown Cover such as roadside, recovery and home call.
The benefits are different with the level of coverage you choose.
You can select the cover that sits your knees, form:
Third Party only-third party liability protection for injury or damage insured drivers may cause to others or their property
Third Party Fire and Theft-fire and theft cover for your car and third party liability protection for injury or damage insured drivers may cause to others or their property Comprehensive-loss or damage cover for your car and third party liability protection for injury or damage insured drivers may cause to others or their property
You may add the following optional extras to any of the above covers;
1) Maximum No Claim Bonus for Life
2) Legal Assistance Plan
3) Breakdown Cover
4) Travel Accident Plan
Some Key Benefits in a little More Detail
We’ve outlined the range of benefits you can earn above. Now let us explain in a little more detail just what some of those benefits mean to you:
1) 24 Hour Claims Helpline
When you’ve ha d an accident or loss calls our Claims Helpline. Speak to friendly and efficient experts 24 hours a day
2) For Immediate Authorization of Repairs (Comprehensive Only)
Following an accident covered by your policy, if you choose to have the repairs carried out by one of our Recommended Repairers, we can arrange for them to be authorized straight away. Or repairers are all thoroughly checked to make sure that their work is of a consistently high standard. Ad proof, all paint and bodywork repairs carried out by our repairers are guaranteed for the lifetime of the car
3) Special Discount through the Glass Helpline And 24-hour Glass Replacement
If you have our Comprehensive Cover, any repairs will be free of charge. If repairs aren’t possible then you’ll get a replacement but will have to pay the windscreen excess which is shown under’ Own Damage Excess’ in your schedule. If you decide not to claim, or have another type of cover, you will receive a special discount from our suppliers.
4) Vehicle Repairs
Where your policy provides cover for damage to your vehicle, we have a network of Recommended Repairers who will collect and redeliver your vehicle. Where provided for under your policy, they will also provide a courtesy car to keep our mobile. The repair process will commence immediately the vehicle arrives on their premises. To ensure there is no effect on any existing warranty you may have, they provide a Lifetime Guarantee on all paint and bodywork repairs.
常见的国际品牌英文名称 Belle百丽女鞋，单词是"美女"的意思，很不错的鞋名 Badger贝吉獾，来自美国的一个保养品牌，badger本来就是獾的意 思，翻译很到位，也很可爱 Biotherm碧欧泉，化妆品牌，应该是”生物热量”的意思 Burberry巴宝莉，香水卖得挺好，它的单词是"雨衣"，看来它家的风衣应该是防水的才对得起这个名字 Con verse匡威，运动品牌，单词是”颠倒"的意思，大概想说匡威的出现颠覆了运动的某个理念之类的 Colgate高露洁牙膏，col是关隘的意思，gate是门，大概是把牙齿缝比做了关隘，高露洁这个门可以保护牙齿的意思吧 Canon佳能，canon这个单词就是”真作”的意思，佳能是经典真作哦Carrefour家乐福超市，是个法语词，本身的意思是"交叉路”，也有集市的意思，难怪是个超市了 Clinique倩碧，雅斯兰黛旗下的化妆品牌，来自发文，意思是”医学诊所" Esprit埃斯普利特，服饰品牌，是个法语词，"才气"的意思，个人也觉得Esprit家的衣服有才气 Eland衣恋，韩国的服饰品牌，不过它竟然是”大羚羊”的意思 Ford福特汽车，单词是"涉水"的意思，看来是制造者觉得福特汽车可以 跋山涉水那么厉害吧 Microsoft微软，就是"微小的软件",越尖端的软件造出来形状一定
越微小，就好像CPU越做越小一样，看来微软的野心倒是不小。 Nike耐克，运动品牌，"胜利女神"之意，确实它做到了最初的期望Puma彪马，运动品牌，从它的商标就知道了，一只大美洲狮 Peak匹克，运动品牌，单词是"山峰"的意思 Reebok锐步，运动品牌，单词意思是”南非的短角羚羊”，应该跑得快吧Rejoice飘柔洗发水，单词是"使人欢喜"的意思，制造商希望人们用了飘柔头发很顺很快乐哦 Safeguard舒肤佳香皂，单词是"保护、安全保卫"，难怪舒肤佳要说保护家人健康 Siemens西门子家电，其实siemens就是个电学单位，中文译名就叫西门子，欧姆的倒数 STACCAT（思加图，百丽旗下的一个女鞋品牌，单词是"断音、断唱"，有点莫名。 Opera娥佩兰，一个化妆品牌，opera是歌剧的意思 ONLY服饰品牌，only有”唯一"的意思，大概想表示自己设计独到吧Oracle美国的一个数据库生产公司，也是网络计算机的倡导者之一，oracle是”神的口谕”，一个典型的GRE单词 Whisper护舒宝，这个女孩子都知道啦，单词意思是"低声私语"，咱女孩子自己的事情，确实是得低声细语的 Tissot天梭表，单词意思是"船舷的护索"
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 平设计任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。
在唐朝（618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在2俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。J an Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”
汽车全部零部件英文翻译 车轮系统 Wheeling System 轮毂 Wheel Hub 轮胎 Tire 轮胎汽门嘴 Tire Valve 轮圈 Wheel Disk 轮圈盖 Wheel Cover 车轮系统 Wheeling System 电装品 Electrical Parts 电瓶 Battery 中央门控 Central Door Lock 分电盘 Distributor 火星塞 Spark Plug 汽车用电子钟 Digital Clock 汽车音响 Car Audio 防盗器 Car Burglar Alarm 雨刷及雨刷连杆 Wiper / Linkage 保险丝座Fuse Seat 保险丝 Fuse 洗涤壶 Windshield Washer 配线 Wire Harness 马达类 Motor 高压线组 Ignition Cable 喇叭 Horn 发电机Alternator (Components) 开关类 Switch 蜂鸣器 Buzzer 预热塞 Glow Plug 仪表 Combination Meter 灯泡 Bulb 灯类 Lamp 点火线圈 Ignition Coil 继电器 Relay 倒车雷达 Reverse Sensor 电池充电器 Battery Charger
闪光器 Flasher 省电器 Energy Saving Unit 端子 Terminal 电动座椅装置 Power Seat Unit 马达零件 Motor Components 电装品 Electrical Parts 汽车用光盘 Car CD 汽车用液晶显示器 Car LCD 调整器 Regulator 整流器 Rectifier 电子点火器 Ignition Module 倒车显示器 Rear View Display 定速器 Cruise Controller HID车灯安定器组合 HID Ballast Complete Set for Headlights LED 灯 LED Lamp 车灯控制器 Lighting Controller 点火线圈模块 Ignition Coil Module 外装品 Exterior Parts 水箱饰罩 Radiator Grille 天线 Antenna 车身护条 Side Protector 防撞护垫 Bumper Pad 后视镜 Door Mirror 装饰贴纸、标志Ornament Mark 轮弧 Fender Trim 挡泥板 Mud Guard 扰流板 Spoiler 前防撞杆 Guard Assy (Front) 后防撞杆 Grard Assy (Rear) 内装品 Interior Parts 仪表板 Instrument Panel 中央置物箱 Console 孔塞 Grommet Plug 地毯 Floor Mat
The development of plastic mould China's industrial plastic moulds from the start to now, after more than half a century, there has been great development, mold levels have been greatly enhanced. Mould has been at large can produce 48-inch big-screen color TV Molded Case injection mold, 6.5 kg capacity washing machine full of plastic molds, as well as the overall car bumpers and dashboards, and other plastic mould precision plastic molds, the camera is capable of producing plastic mould , multi-cavity mold small modulus gear and molding mold. --Such as Tianjin and Yantai days Electrical Co., Ltd Polaris IK Co. manufactured multi-cavity mold VCD and DVD gear, the gear production of such size precision plastic parts, coaxial, beating requirements have reached a similar foreign the level of product, but also the application of the latest gear design software to correct contraction as a result of the molding profile error to the standard involute requirements. Production can only 0.08 mm thickness of a two-cavity mold and the air Cup difficulty of plastic doors and windows out of high modulus, and so on. Model cavity injection molding manufacturing accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra0.2 μ m, mold quality, and significantly increase life expectancy, non-hardening steel mould life up to 10~ 30 million, hardening steel form up to 50 ~ 10 million times, shorten the delivery time than before, but still higher than abroad,and the gap between a specific data table. Process, the multi-material plastic molding die, efficient multicolor injection mould, inserts exchange structure and core pulling Stripping the innovative design has also made great progress. Gas-assisted injection molding, the use of more mature technologies, such as Qingdao Hisense Co., Ltd., Tianjin factory communications and broadcasting companies, such as mold manufacturers succeeded in 29 ~ 34-inch TV thick-walled shell, as well as some parts on the use of gas-assisted mould technology Some manufacturers also use the C-MOLD gas-assisted software and achieved better results. Prescott, such as Shanghai, such as the new company will provide users with gas-assisted molding equipment and technology. Began promoting hot runner mold, and some plants use rate of more than 20 percent, the general heat-thermal hot runner, or device, a small number of units with the world's advanced level of rigorous hot runner-needle device, a small number of units with World advanced level of rigorous needle-hot runner mould. However, the use of hot runner overall rate of less than 10%, with overseas compared to 50 ~ 80%, the gap larger. In the manufacturing technology, CAD / CAM / CAE technology on the level of application of a new level to the enterprise for the production of household appliances representatives have introduced a considerable number of CAD / CAM systems, such as the United States EDS UG Ⅱ,
汽车英语单词常用缩写 汽车英语单词常用缩写 CVVT是英文ContinueVariableValveTiming的缩写，翻译成中 文就是连续可变气门正时机构 TSI是Turbo-charging，涡轮增压;Super-charging，机械增压 和Injection，燃油直喷,三个关键特色的首字母缩写。 DSG(DirectShiftGearbox)中文表面意思为“直接换挡变速器”。 ABS即英文AntilockBrakingSystem的缩写，意为“防抱死制动 系统” 4WD即英文FourWheeldrive的缩写，意为“四轮驱动系统” 4WS即英文FourWheelSteer的'缩写，意为“四轮转向系统”。 SRS即英文SupplementalRestraintSystem的缩写，意为“汽车 安全气囊” MPV的全称是Multi-PurposeVehicle，即多用途汽车 GPS即英文GlobalPositionsystem的缩写，意为“全球导航系统” EGR即英文ExhaustGasRecycle的缩写，意为“废气再循环系统” ATF即英文AutomaticTransmissionFluid的缩写，意为“自动 变速器油”。 ECT即英文EmissionControlSystem的缩写，意为“电子控制自 动变速器” PPS英文ProgressivePowerSteering的缩写，意为“电子控制 液压动力转向系统”
VIN即英文VehicleIdentificationNumber的缩写，意为“机动 车身份条形码” OBD即英文OnB0ardDiagnostics的缩写，意为“车载诊断系统” ASR即英文AccelerationSlipRegulation的缩写，意为“汽车 驱动防滑控制系统” VSC即英文VehicleStabilityControl的缩写，意为“汽车稳定 控制系统” TWC即英文ThreeWayCatalyticConverter的缩写，意为“三元 催化转换器” ISC是“怠速控制系统”
最全的世界名车标志图片及介绍 德国 --宝马 标志图案是内外双圆圈，上方标有ＢＭＷ字样。其内圆的圆形蓝白间隔图案，表示蓝天、白云和运转不停的螺旋桨象征公司在广阔的时空旅程中蓬勃向上的气势与日新月异的新貌。 卡尔·拉普和马克斯佛里茨在慕尼黑创建了巴依尔飞机公司；19 17年，改为依尔发动机有限公司，这就是巴依尔公司简称（BMW）的来历；1918年改为现在的名称。 "宝马"曾译为巴依尔。由于宝马公司是以生产航空发动机开始创业的，所以商标中的蓝色为天空，白色为螺旋桨，这是"宝马"商标的第一大特点；第二大特点就是"宝马"汽车的散热器（车鼻）中间那两个金属方框进气格栅。BMW（宝马）是公司全称"BayerischeMotor enwerkeAG"的缩写。"宝马"采用了内外双圆圈的图形，并在双圈圆环的上方，标有BMW字样的商标。整个商标就像蓝天、白云和运转
不停的螺旋桨，喻示宝马渊源悠久的历史，既象征该公司过去在航空发动机技术方面的领先地位，又象征公司的一贯宗旨和目标：在广阔的时空中，以最新的科学技术、最先进的观念，满足顾客的最大愿望，反映了蓬勃向上精神和日新月异的新面貌。 --奔驰 标志图案是简化了的形似汽车方向盘的一个环形圈围着一颗三叉星。三叉星表示在陆海空领域全方位的机动性，环形圈显示其奔驰 轿车营销全球的发展势头。 1873年，担任Dentz发动机厂技术部主任的哥特里布·戴姆勒，在给妻子寄去的明信片上，信手画上了一颗三叉星以代表他当时的住处，并特别声明：总有一天，这颗吉祥之星将会照耀我毕生的工作。1890年，这颗吉祥星开始用于新成立的戴姆勒的产品上。1899年3月，艾米·耶里耐克（当时担任奥地利驻匈牙利总领事和戴姆勒汽车公司管理委员会的委员）驾驶以女儿梅赛德斯（温文而雅之意）命名的汽车，在"尼斯之旅"汽车大赛上一举夺魁后，他建议戴姆勒公司生产的汽车都用"梅赛德斯"来命名，戴姆勒欣然同意。1901年，由威廉·迈巴赫设计"Simplex"牌汽车首次采用"戴姆勒·梅赛德斯"作为商
Abstract: A supporting body of diatomite-based porous ceramics was prepared by a solid-phase sintering process and low-temperature calcination process. A nano-TiO2 compound membrane was loaded on the supporting body by the hydrolysis precipitation method and using TiCl4 as the forerunner body, and the TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramic composite structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and so on. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by the degradation of formaldehyde. The results indicate that the TiO2 films in TiO2/diatomite-based porous ceramic composite calcined at 550 ℃are anatase, and the average grain size of TiO2 is 10.9 nm. The elimination rate of the composites for formaldehyde reaches 96.8% in 6 h under an ultraviolet lamp irradiation of 8 W, and the concentration of formaldehyde drops to 0.015 mg/m3 from 0.463 mg/m3. Key words: diatomite-based porous ceramics; nano-titania compound membrane; water solution precipitation method; formaldehyde; photocatalytic activity 摘要：采用固相烧结法和低温煅烧工艺，制备了硅藻土基多孔陶瓷支承体。以四氯化钛为前驱体，采用水解沉淀法在支承体上负载纳米TiO2复合膜。用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对TiO2复合膜/多孔陶瓷支承体的复合结构进行了表征；并以甲醛为降解对象，考察了TiO2复合膜的光催化性能。结果表明：纳米TiO2/硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合膜在550℃煅烧后TiO2为锐钛矿型，平均晶粒粒径为10.9 nm。在紫外光照射240min后，甲醛气体初始浓度由0.463 mg/m3 降至0.015 mg /m3，复合材料对甲醛的去除率达到96.8%。 关键词：硅藻土基多孔陶瓷；纳米二氧化钛复合膜; 水解沉淀法；甲醛；光催化性能Abstrac:t Photocatalytic ceramic foam filter, the composite of high photo active TiO2 nano mate rials and three dimensional porous ceramic foam materials, has been widely applied in the field of air /water purification, owing to its characteristics of high photoactivity, large surface area, large flowing flux and ceramic heat/ chemical resistance, recycling probability. Applications have been in the fields of industrial exhaust deodorization, agriculture pesticide degradation using sunlight, sterilization of laboratories and hospitals, high-speed train air purification, and so on. The application research progress, problem and future prospect of photo catalytic ceramic foam filter are summarized. Key words: photo catalyst; ceramic foam filter; application; air /water purification 摘要: 高活性的光催化二氧化钛纳米材料与高气孔率的三维多孔泡沫陶瓷材料复合, 得到的光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器, 具备高活性、大表面积、大通量、以及陶瓷的耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、循环适用性, 在大气/水净化领域率先得到了广泛应用。在工业领域的废气脱臭处理、在农业领域的农药废水太阳光降解、在医疗卫生领域的实验室医院空气杀菌处理、在交通领域的高速列车空气净化等, 已经展开应用。综述了国内外光催化泡沫陶瓷过滤器的应用研究现状、问题及其发展趋势。 关键词: 光催化; 泡沫陶瓷过滤器; 应用研究; 大气/水净化
汽车内饰件常见英语翻译
01-零件（Part） 一、零件总成(Parts Assembly) 1、发动机舱系统（Engine Compartment System） 1.引擎盖隔音垫Hood 2.前围前隔音垫Dashout 2、乘员舱饰件系统（Passenger Compartment System） 1.主地毯Carpet 2.顶棚Headliner 3.前围后隔音垫Dashinner 4.脚垫Mat 5.衣帽架Package Tray 6.中通道隔音垫Tunnel Insulator 7.座椅靠背地毯Seat Back Carpet 3、行李箱饰件系统（Trunk Trim System） 1.侧饰板Side trim 2.备胎盖Trunk
Carpet 3.内饰板Decklid Trim 4、外饰系统（Exterior Trim Systems） 1.密封条Sealing 2.轮罩Wheel House 3.防水膜Water Shield 二、外协件（Outsourcing Parts） 1.塑料固定扣（尼龙扣）Plastic Fixed Buckle (Nylon Buttons) 2.塑料尾部连接块卡扣Plastic Tail Connection Buckle 3.塑料尾部连接块顶端卡扣Plastic Tail Top Connection Buckle 4.金属连接扣Metal Connection Buckle 5.塑料保险带扣Plastic Seat Belts Buckle 6.组合卡子Combination Bands 7.尼龙拉手Nylon Shake Hander
世界汽车品牌名称中英文对比 A AC 爱希英国爱希跑车公司ACCENT 重音（雅绅）韩国现代汽车公司ACCLAIM 欢呼美国克莱斯勒公司顺风部ACCORD 雅阁（阿科德、雅廓）日本本田公司 ACE 高手英国爱希跑车公司 ACHIEVA 成就美国通用汽车公司奥兹莫比尔部 ACTY 阿克泰日本本田公司 ACURA 阿库拉（极品）日本本田公司豪华车部ADMIRAL 海军上将德国欧宝汽车公司AERO 飞弹瑞典绅宝汽车公司AEROSTAR 空中之星美国福特汽车公司 AFINI 阿飞尼日本马自达公司AIRFLOW 气流美国克莱斯勒公司AIRSTREAM 气爆美国克莱斯勒公司ALCYONE 阿尔雄日本富士重工公司ALECO 奥列格苏联莫斯科小客车厂ALFA 阿尔法意大利阿尔发·罗密欧公司 ALFA ROMEO 阿尔法·罗密欧（香港译爱快·罗 米欧） 意大利阿尔发·罗密欧公司 ALFASUD 阿尔法苏意大利阿尔发·罗密欧公司ALFETTA 阿尔菲塔意大利阿尔发·罗密欧公司ALHAMBRA 阿尔汉布拉西班牙西特公司 ALLANTE 阿尔兰特（艾杨迪）美国通用汽车公司卡迪莱克部
ALLEGRO 阿莱格罗英国罗孚汽车公司ALLIANCE 联盟法国雷诺汽车公司ALMERA 阿尔美拉日本日产汽车公司ALPINA 阿尔宾那德国宝马汽车公司ALPINE 阿尔派法国雷诺汽车公司ALTIME 阿尔蒂马日本日产汽车公司 ALTO 奥拓日本铃木汽车公司AMBASSADOR 大使美国美国汽车公司AMBASSADOR 大使印度印度斯坦公司 AMC 美国美国汽车公司 AM GENERAL 美国美国汽车综合公司AMIGO 阿米格日本五十铃汽车公司ANFINI 安菲妮日本马自达公司APOLLO 阿波罗美国通用汽车公司不克部APPLAUSE 普乐（掌声、雅宝士）日本大发公司 APV 多用途车 ARCADIA 阿卡迪亚韩国大宇汽车公司ARGENTA 阿金塔意大利菲亚特工业公司ARGENTO VIVO 梦中丽人日本本田汽车公司ARIES 爱丽丝美国克莱斯勒公司道奇部ARMADA 阿玛达印度 ARO 阿罗罗马尼亚穆西尔汽车厂ARROW 飞箭美国克莱斯勒公司道奇部ASCONA 阿斯科纳德国欧宝汽车公司ASCOT 阿科特日本本田汽车公司 ASIA 亚细亚韩国亚细亚汽车公司ASKA 阿斯卡日本五十铃汽车公司ASPEN 白杨美国克莱斯勒公司道奇部ASPIRE 追求美国福特汽车公司
Building materials Building materials must have certain structural use.it physical properties. First, they must be able to bear load or weight without permanent deformation. When the load on the structural components, components will deformation, it means rope will be stretching or beam will bend. However, when the load is removed, ropes and beams will return to its original position. This kind of material properties is called elasticity. If material is not elastic, then on removing load deformation exist, repeat the loading and unloading eventually increase deformation to structural lose action. All used in building structure in the materials such as stone, brick, wood, aluminum, reinforced concrete and plastic within a certain range of load performance of flexibility. If loading beyond the scope, two things will happen: brittle and plastic. If it is the former, the material will suddenly destruction; If the latter, in certain load (yield strength) material has begun to yield flow, resulting in destruction. For example, steel, stone material is brittle present plastic. Materials by the damage occurred when the ultimate strength of stress decision. Construction materials and an important characteristic is its stiffness. This feature by elastic modulus decision. Stress (per unit of area, the force) and the strain (per unit length ratio of the deformation) is elastic modulus. Elastic modulus is characterize material under load shape-shifting abilities. For two have the same area and load of the same material. Elastic modulus big materials little deformation. Structure with steel of elastic modulus is pounds per square inch or kg per square centimeter, aluminum, concrete 3 times of ten times, wood 15 times. Masonry. Masonry from natural materials such as stone and artificial materials such as brick, concrete blocks composed. Masonry in ancient times is used. Bricks used in city of Babylon not religious buildings, stone material used in large temples of the Nile valley. The pyramids of Egypt, high 481 feet (147m), is the most spectacular masonry structure. Masonry unit initial without using any binding materials piled up, and modern masonry structure as binder materials. Water mud Modern structure material including stone, red-roast clay brick or tiles, the concrete blocks.
01-零件（Part） 一、零件总成(Parts Assembly) 1、发动机舱系统（Engine Compartment System） 1.引擎盖隔音垫Hood 2.前围前隔音垫Dashout 2、乘员舱饰件系统（Passenger Compartment System） 1.主地毯Carpet 2.顶棚Headliner 3.前围后隔音垫Dashinner 4.脚垫Mat 5.衣帽架Package Tray 6.中通道隔音垫Tunnel Insulator 7.座椅靠背地毯Seat Back Carpet 3、行李箱饰件系统（Trunk Trim System） 1.侧饰板Side trim 2.备胎盖Trunk Carpet 3.内饰板Decklid Trim 4、外饰系统（Exterior Trim Systems） 1.密封条Sealing 2.轮罩Wheel House 3.防水膜Water Shield 二、外协件（Outsourcing Parts） 1.塑料固定扣（尼龙扣）Plastic Fixed Buckle (Nylon Buttons) 2.塑料尾部连接块卡扣Plastic Tail Connection Buckle 3.塑料尾部连接块顶端卡扣Plastic Tail Top Connection Buckle 4.金属连接扣Metal Connection Buckle 5.塑料保险带扣Plastic Seat Belts Buckle 6.组合卡子Combination Bands 7.尼龙拉手Nylon Shake Hander 8.塑料拉手Plastic Handle 9.索环Lasso 10.拉索组件Lasso Components 11.阅读灯面板组件Reading Lamp Panel Components 12.遮阳板组件Sunshading Board Components
OEM生产，即贴牌生产，也称为定牌生产，俗称“贴牌”，由于其英文表述为Original Equipment/Entrusted Manufacture（译为原始设备制造商或原产地委托加工)，因此简称为OEM。基本含义为品牌生产者不直接生产产品，而是利用自己掌握的关键的核心技术负责设计和开发新产品，控制销售渠道，具体的加工任务通过合同订购的方式委托同类产品的其他厂家生产。之后将所订产品低价买断，并直接贴上自己的品牌商标。这种委托他人生产的合作方式简称OEM，承接加工任务的制造商被称为OEM厂商，其生产的产品被称为OEM产品。可见，贴牌生产属于加工贸易中的“代工生产”方式，在国际贸易中是以商品为载体的劳务出口。OEM 的特征就是：技术在外，资本在外，市场在外，只有生产在内。 ODM是英文Original Design Manufacturer (原始设计制造商)的缩写,指一家厂家根据另一家厂商的要求,为其生产产品和产品配件,亦称为定牌生产或授权贴牌生产.即可代表外委加工,也可代表转包合同加工.国内习惯称为协作生产,三来加工。ODM的厂商设计方案分为买断或不买断的方式供应： 1.买断方式：有品牌拥有方买断ODM厂商现成的某型号产品的设计，或品牌拥有方单独要求ODM厂商为自己设计产品方案。 2.不买断方式：品牌拥有方不买断ODM厂商某型号产品的设计，ODM厂商可将同型号产品的设计采取不买断的方式同时卖给其它品牌。当这两个或多个品牌共享一个设计时，两个品牌产品的区别主要在于外观。 SOP (small-outline package，批量生产，为上市积累一定的库存) SOP =Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作程序 OBD是英文On-Board Diagnostics的缩写，中文翻译为“车载
. . XX大学XXXXXXX 外文资料和译文 专业：软件工程 班级：软件XXXXX 姓名：XXXXX 学号：XXXXXXXXXXXXXX 指导教师：XXXXXXXX 2009 年 12 月 17 日
原文 1.1 A JSP technology overview Let's begin by talking a little about how JSP pages work. We're going to keep it simple and focus on some of the basics. For more information, see Resources for links to additional JSP technology information. In the traditional sense, JSP pages look very much like HTML pages, with a few extra tags. These tags allow the designer to embed Java code (not JavaScript) in the page itself. A Web application server, like the IBM WebSphere Application Server, will intercept requests for JSP pages. It's tipped off to their existence by the page's extension: .jsp (not .html). The Web application server then preprocesses the JSP page, taking out the JSP tags and any embedded Java code, leaving only the HTML. The extracted JSP tags and embedded Java code are used to build a Java servlet (JSP page servlet) that runs the code and inserts the results back into the original page where the JSP tags used to be. The result is pure HTML. The Java is stripped out and run on the server before the requesting browser sees any result. We can apply the same principle to an XML page. Before the requester of the JSP page containing XML ever sees the XML (be it a browser or some other B2B application), the Java code is stripped out of the JSP page and used to generate additional content, which is inserted back into the page at the points where the JSP tags used to reside. This feature gives you the ability to control exactly where new content is to be inserted, down to the character. We'll look at how to make this work in a minute. First, let's consider why you might want to create dynamic XML using JSP. Why not simply write a Java application or servlet to generate the entire document? Why bother with JSP at all? The most important reason, providing only portions of an XML document are dynamic, is that it makes sense not to regenerate that