2005年GCT英语真题

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house, but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] dispersed[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attent ion to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de W aal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy o r depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased p eople’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national”doesn’t have to mean that. “National”could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for anational list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency wouldstrengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national”mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended afederal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increasefaster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risensince 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, startingwith an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobbybetter that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not aneasy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2005年考研英语真题答案Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。

2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅰ、Ⅱ）英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt ?A．£19.15. B．£9.15. C．£9.18.答案是B.1．How much will the woman pay if she buys two skirts ?A．$18. B．$19. C．$20.2．What will the speakers discuss ?A．A report . B．A computer . C．A report on computer . 3．What are the speakers talking about ?A．A child . B．A room . C．A present .4．What can we learn from this conversation ?A．The woman does not get along well with the man .B．The woman does not get along well with here roommate .C．T he man will talk with the woman’s roommate .5．Where are the two speakers now ?A．On the first floor . B．On the fourth floor . C．On the fifth floor.第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

语文部分参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B B A A C C D C D D 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A B B B C B D B C A 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 D A D D A B C B C D 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 D A C D C A D B D D 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案ACDABBBCCB第二部分 数学基础能力测试答案 （25题，每题4分，共100分） 1.1111111111111111234567890.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-------- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭++++++++的值是（ ）。

A.281B.29C.92D.812分析：分子919887766554433221==，分母2910987654321=++++++++=，所以正确选项为A 。

2.设p 为正数，则299( )x p x +-=。

A.9(11)x x --（） B. 9(11)x x +-（） C.9(11)x x -+（） D. 9(11)x x ++（） 分析：由于9920)11)(9(2+-=--x x x x ，992)11)(9(2--=-+x x x x ，992)11)(9(2-+=+-x xx x ，9920)11)(9(2++=++x xx x ，根据题意便知正确选项为C 。

3.在四边形ABCD 中对角线AC ，BD 垂直相交于O 点。

若AC=30，BD=36，则四边形ABCD 的面积为（ ）。

A.1080B.840C.720D.540分析：如图，易知四边形ABCD 的面积等于ABD ∆与CBD ∆的面积之和，其值为54036302121=⨯⨯=⨯BD AC ，即正确选项为D 。

2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语招生试题广东卷I. 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。

录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节：听独白或对话（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第l段对话，回答第1—3题。

1. What’s the possible relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. D. Mother and son. C. Teacher and student.2. Why does the woman try to persuade the man to prepare for the exam?A. Because Professor Johnson will get angry otherwise.B. Because everyone should pass the exam.C. Because the test will be difficult.3. What does the man finally decide to do?A. To study for the test.B. To watch the football game.C. To eat something before watching the game.听第2段对话，回答第4—6题。

4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a railway station.B. At an airport.C. In a hotel.5. Why can’t the man himself help can3; the luggage?A. Because he has to report to the manager first.B. Because he’s on the phone at the moment.C. Because he cannot leave the desk.6. What will the man probably do?A. He will do nothing for the woman.B. He will find a way to help her.C. He himself will send her to the station.听第3段独白，回答第7—9题。

2005年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points) The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of7 human smells even when these are8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit som eone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides3. ［A］limited ［B］committed ［C］dedicated ［D］confined4. ［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking5. ［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if7. ［A］distinguishing［B］discovering ［C］determining［D］detecting8. ［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining［D］diffused9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas10. ［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical11. ［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses12. ［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times13. ［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed14. ［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient［D］insufficient15. ［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create16. ［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless17. ［A］sure ［B］sick ［C］aware ［D］tired18. ［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice19. ［A］availabe ［B］reliable［C］identifiable［D］suitable20. ［A］similar to［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］aside fromSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense ofgrievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to ;accept the slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in afemale capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast.B. justifying an assumption.C. making a comparison.D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement it is all too monkey (Last line, paragraph l) implies thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature.C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get.B. attentive to researchers’ instructions.C. nice in both appearance and temperament.D. more generous than their male companions24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers.B. can be taught to exchange things.C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D. are unhappy when separated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would killus but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That theantismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report Science never has all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.F ortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’sobvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of paralysis by analysis.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to beginfashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve asA. a protector.B. a judge.C. a critic.D. a guide.28. What does the author mean by paralysis by analysis (Last line, paragraph 4)A. Endless studies kill action.B. Careful investigation reveals truth.C. prudent planning hinders.D. Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutA. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B. Raise public awareness of conservation.C. Press for further scientific research.D. Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking becauseA. they both suffered from the government’s negligence.B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D. both of them have turned from bad to worse.Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, bythe late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noise the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional therm ostat, regulating moods while the brain is off-line And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, It’s your dream says Ro salind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. If you don’t like it , change it.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the emotional brain)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can staywith us all day says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William Dement.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of we wake u in a panic, Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreamsA. can be modified in their courses.B. are susceptible to emotional changes.C. reflect our innermost desires and fears.D. are a random outcome of neural repairs.32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to showA. its function in our dreams.B. the mechanism of REM sleep.C. the relation of dreams to emotions.D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex.33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend toA. aggravate in our unconscious mind.B. develop into happy dreams.C. persist till the time we fall asleep.D. show up in dreams early at night.34.Cartwright seems to suggest thatA. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll.C. dreams should be left to their natural progression.D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?A. lead your life as usual.B. Seek professional help.C. Exercise conscious control.D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing OurOwn Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960scounter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, doing our own thing, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tendto elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English on paper plates instead of china. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal EnglishA. is inevitable in radical education reforms.B. is but all too natural in language development.C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.37. The word talking (Linge6, paragraph3) denotesA. modesty.B. personality.C. liveliness.D. informality.38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most likely agree?A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’sA. interest in their language.B. appreciation of their efforts.C. admiration for their memory.D. contempt for their old-fashionedness.40. According to the last paragraph, paper plates is to china asA. temporary is to permanent.B. radical is to conservative.C. functional is to artistic.D. humble is to noble.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET1. (10 points) Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources ,work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42.But national doesn’t have to mean that. National could mean interprovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a national organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included, predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44.Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs.A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.45.So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.A. Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialistideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report:the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companiesC. What does national mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D. The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers,magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.(49) Creating a European identity that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary forproduction costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say Unity we stand, divided we fall -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be Unity in our diversity. A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points) Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay ,you should first describe the drawing the interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。

2005年全国GCT考试英语真题答案解析2005年GCT英语答案及解析Part One Vocabulary and Structure1. To speed _______ your entry, please bring your Admission Card with you.答案：A.解析：短语辨析。

speed up意“加快速度”。

与之相对的是slow down。

意思是“放慢速度”。

译文：为了加快进场，请随身带着你的入场卡。

2．More thunderstorms_____ in summer than any other time of the year.答案：C.解析：时态题。

这里强调的是“客观事实”，应为一般现在时。

译文：一年中夏季的暴风雨多于其它季节。

3．Experts say the space rock is probably ______ more than U.S.$3000.答案：D.解析：该题是考词汇辨析。

costly,是形容词而不是副词，意为“昂贵的”，valuable是“有价值的，贵重的”，而weighty是“繁重的，重要的”之意，都不符合题意。

惟有D的意思是“价值为。

”最为恰当。

译文：专家说太空岩石大概值3000多美圆。

4．Susan will come to watch him ________ at Wimbledon this week.答案：B.解析：这是考察考生对非谓语动词做宾补语用法的了解程度。

watch 之后应使用零不定式或现在分词。

当表示“看到正在发生的事”时要用现在分词（表示正在进行的动作）；如表示一个动作的全过程时则要用不定式。

译文：Susan 本周要来看他在Wimbledon的比赛。

5．Children don´t (necessarily) understand what they are reciting, but gradually it will have an impact on their thinking.答案：A.解析：考察词义。

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. [A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while2. [A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding[D] besides3. [A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated[D] confined4. [A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing[D] tracking5. [A] anyway[B] though[C] instead[D] therefore6. [A] even if[B] if only[C] only if[D] as if7. [A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining[D] detecting8. [A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] determining[D] diffused9. [A] when[B] since[C] for[D] whereas10. [A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique[D] typical11. [A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages[D] impulses12. [A] at first[B] at all[C] at large[D] at times13. [A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn[D] exposed14. [A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient[D] insufficient15. [A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger[D] create16. [A] still[B] also[C] otherwise[D] nevertheless17. [A] sure[B] sick[C] aware[D] tired18. [A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect[D] notice19. [A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable[D] suitable20. [A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with[D] aside fromSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the otherchamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably becausethey are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that themonkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be cooperative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research -- a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking anddeath[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about globalwarming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and lowculture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive -- there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ________What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ________But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ________A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ________Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ________So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One ofthe first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University.Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annualincreases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power ofsuch an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insuranceplans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drugcompanies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirbyrecommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently createdNational Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and willcontinue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescriptiondrug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-carespending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replaceother kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing morethan older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove theycan run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would endduplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from beingplayed off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like dividedbuyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removingjobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one provinceincludes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it ontheirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would leadthem to deal with it.Part C年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of European Investment Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.Section III: WritingPart A2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]6.[A]7.[D]8.[A]9.[D] 10.[B]11.[C] 12.[A] 13.[D] 14.[C] 15.[D]16.[B] 17.[C] 18.[D] 19.[A] 20.[B] Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21.[C] 22.[B] 23.[A] 24.[C] 25.[B]26.[C] 27.[D] 28.[A] 29.[D] 30.[B]31.[A] 32.[C] 33.[D] 34.[D] 35.[A]36.[B] 37.[D] 38.[A] 39.[B] 40.[C]Part B (10 points)41.[E] 42.[C] 43.[G] 44.[F] 45.[B]Part C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。

2005 National English Contest for College Students(Level A - Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 points) Section A Dialogues (10 points)Directions ：In this section, you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialog ue and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. The man got the wrong window.B. The woman's window will not be open until 3:00.C. The man didn't make a reservation.D. There's no postal order at present.2. A. On Monday.B. On Tuesday.C. On Wednesday.D. On Thursday.3. A. Manager and staff member.B. Sales Manager and customer.C. Salesman and customer.D. Teacher and student.4. A. Pleasant.B. Unhappy.C. Indifferent.D. Hesitating.5. A. It's going to snow.B. It's going to rain.C. It's going to be windy.D. It will be sunny.6. A. At 3:00.B. At 3:30.C. At 4:00.D. At 4:30.7. A. They use up too much energy.B. They are not efficient.C. They are too expensive.D. She doesn't believe what it says on the box.8. A. She is offended by the front cover.B. The magazine is too expensive.C. Her friend wants to cancel it.D. She has no time to read it.9. A. Restaurant food.B. Home-cooked food.C. Takeaway food.D. Snack food.10. A. They will go Dutch.B. The man will pay for the bill.C. The woman will pay for the bill.D. The woman will cook for them.Section B News Items (10 points)Directions：In this section, you will hear 10 short pieces of news from BB C or VOA. After each news item and question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is t he best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a s ingle line through the centre.11. A. Russia and Germany.B. China and Japan.C. China and Russia.12. A. Ukraine government.B. Members of Parliament from the opposition.C. President of Ukraine.13. A. A library.B. A park.C. An underground museum.14. A. $8 million.B. $18 million.C. $80 million.15. A. In the USA.B. In Uganda.C. In the Sudan.16. A. Because some bacteria are drug-resistant.B. Because the infection is untreatable.C. Because some bacteria can be spread by physical contact.17. A. Washington D.C.B. Baghdad.C. Pennsylvania.18. A. The Airbus A380 can offer more seats than the Boeing 747.B. The Airbus has to change the traffic movements a lot to enable more passengers to travel.C. The Airbus company is exercising the most influence in air travel n ow.19. A. North Africa.B. South America.C. Hong Kong.20. A. Oil prices got lower.B. Oil prices got higher.C. More than 24.5 million barrels will be produced every day.Section C Passages (10 points)Directions：In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear 5 questions. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corre sponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the first passage you have just heard.21. A. A lot of things remind them of their home country.B. They can have new experiences.C. They will make a lot of friends there.D. They already know a lot about the foreign country.22. A. It makes people feel uncomfortable.B. It makes people become more open to new experiences.C. They will not visit the country again.D. They will go back to their own countries immediately.23. A. When they first arrive in a new country.B. When they have been used to a new country.C. After a few weeks or months.D. After a friendly talk with a trained staff of the health center.24. A. Having more sleep.B. Eating less.C. Trying to put on weight.D. Seeing a doctor.25. A. They will feel pain all over.B. They may think about killing themselves.C. They will not go to school or work.D. No one can help these people.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the second passage you have just heard.26. A. People waste a lot of time watching it everyday.B. It encourages people to possess guns and knives through advertiseme nts.C. It shows violence, which influences younger people especially.D. People will be willing to put up with violence.27. A. The influence of passive viewing of TV on the development of Childr en's brain.B. The subject matter it shows to parents.C. The active way of living it promotes.D. The possible harm TV viewing has on the health of old people.28. A. By allowing no time for the family to spend together.B. By preventing children from having contact with their parents.C. By encouraging children to depend on their parents.D. By taking over an essential part of the parents' work.29. A. Recognize the educational merits of the medium.B. Ban TV advertising aimed at younger people.C. Prohibit teenagers from watching TV.D. Help older people survive the “television experience”.30. A. It should be done because TV shows too much violence.B. It is neither necessary nor possible.C. It might not be workable, but we should not overlook the danger of TV.D. It should be done as soon as possible.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (5 minutes, 10 points)Directions:There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete s the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a s ingle line through the centre.31. Everyone knew that _________ the project would be completed and we'd a ll have to return to our own separate departments.A. primarilyB. ultimatelyC. eventfullyD. precisely32. The planes were delayed and the hotel was awful, but _________ we stil l had a good time.A. on the contraryB. by the same tokenC. on top of all thatD. for all that33. It's freezing outside; you'd better _________ black ice when you drive home.A. look down onB. check up onC. watch out forD. keep out34. At that time no one's even studied the problem, _________ tried to do anything about it.A. not to sayB. far moreC. in no wayD. much less35. It was odd that you _________ for Margie's address. I just got a lette r from her—the first one since her family moved on August 1 1983.A. should have askedB. would have askedC. shall askD. might ask36. The women ran down to assist them in bringing up their seals; but no s ooner _________ the house than a voice was heard in the passage, and a man ente red.A. after they re-enterB. had they re-enteredC. were they to re-enterD. when they had re-entered37. Several of the administrative participants recognized the support and leadership from their institution's chief executive officers as a serious motiv ating factor at those moments _________.A. if the problem was challengingB. as the situation became seriousC. when the challenges seemed overwhelmingD. which the counterpart grew manipulating38. Well, really _________ now is start learning what to do with this soft ware and read a lot of tutorials, learn and practice _________ you can.A. what you should do; as much asB. that you need do; whateverC. how you should start; the mostD. as should you do; the longest hours39. _________, and members of the congregation having returned, this church too will start out with _________ effort in the work that lies before them, w hich will be taken up by the different departments.A. The summer vacation is over; greatB. The summer vacation being over; renewedC. As the summer vacation over; refreshingD. Had the summer vacation been over; sacred40. Although there is some truth to the fact that Linux is a huge threat t o Microsoft, predictions of the Redmond company's demise are, _________, premat ure.A. saying the mostB. to say the mostC. to say the leastD. to the least degreePart III Situational Dialogues (5 minutes, 10 points)Directions:There are 10 incomplete dialogues in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete s the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a s ingle line through the centre.41. Simon: I'm a reporter from the Hendon Standard.______________Celia: Yes, I was standing at the end of Elm Avenue, by the park.Simon: What happened?Celia: There was a red van traveling west, and several cars and vans b ehind it.A. Were you present when the accident happened?B. Would you tell me what you have seen?C. What a surprise to see you here!D. Did you do anything special just now?42. Stan: Thank you from the bottom of my heart for saving my little girl' s life.John: ______________Stan: I can't tell you how much I appreciate what you've done.John: I'm just happy I could help.A. There's nothing to be afraid of.B. This is a wonderful day.C. Anybody would have done the same.D. I am glad to save her.43. Harry: I hear you are going to get married soon.Ron: That's right, next June. June 21st. Can you come to the wedding?Harry: Oh! ______________ That's when we're away on vacation.Ron: Never mind, we'll send you some wedding cake.A. That's great!B. What a pity！C. You have my deepest sympathy.D. You certainly can.44. Mother: You're watching too much TV, Emily.Emily: Oh, come on, Mom.Mother: ______________ And you're eating too many snacks.Emily: I only had some popcorn and some potato chips.A. I mean it.B. You're excused.C. Where's your radio?D. I don't want to know it.45. Karen: I'm not optimistic about finding a job after I finish college.Joseph: Oh? Why not?Karen: The economy is going downhill-fast.Joseph: I know. ______________ It's getting to the point where even a degree won't help you anymore.Karen: That's right. And I'll be lucky to even move out of my parents' house.A. My friend could offer me a job.B. I am not sure whether I agree or not.C. How do you feel about the economy?D. What is this world coming to?46. Ivan: I brought you the new Groove People CD.Dale: What good is a CD if I haven't got a CD player?Ivan: I can bring you a CD player.Dale: What good is a CD player if I don't even have electricity?Ivan: ______________Dale: What good is calling the Electric Company if I haven't got a hou se?A. Why do you have so many questions?B. What are you going to buy tomorrow?C. Why don't you call the Electric Company?D. Where did you buy the new CD?47. Doreen: We've been waiting for an hour and a half.Trevor: Say your aunt is very ill. A doctor ought to see her at once.Doreen: There isn't a doctor available. They're all busy.Trevor: ______________Doreen: I've asked her over and over again. The more I ask, the longer I wait.A. You're starting to calm down now.B. Ask the receptionist to hurry up.C. There will be a difficult period for your aunt.D. I'm sorry to hear that.48. Bruce: Good morning. Welcome to Supervacation Travel Agency. Can I hel p you?Mandy: Yes, I hope so. I'm interested in a short holiday soon. I'd lik e some information.Bruce: Yes, certainly. ______________Mandy: Somewhere with some sunshine.Bruce: Here's a Supervacation brochure. It gives information about lot s of holidays.Mandy: Thanks for the information. I expect I'll see you soon.A. What about New York?B. Will you be traveling alone?C. What sort of holiday interests you?D. How are things going with you?49. Mavis: Did you see how close that finish was? It took my breath away!Roger: Wait, they're announcing the winner now. It's Don Jensen!Mavis: What a surprise! He's never won a major race before.Roger: I'm just astounded to see how much he's improved.Mavis: ______________Roger: I'm just floored that my best friend won such an important race.A. Why can't he improve quickly?B. What happened to him in the past two years?C. I'm going to take a break. I'm so tired!D. Let's go down on the track and congratulate him.50. Careth: Good afternoon. I've just joined the library. How many books c an I take out?Eunice: You can take two books, and keep them for ten days. If you hav en't finished, you can renew them.Careth: How do I do that? ______________Eunice: No, you can telephone. Tell us the titles of the books, and th e date they are due for return.Careth: Splendid. I would be A Tale of Two Cities, or David Copperfiel d.Eunice: These two books have been lended.A. Why can't I keep them for a longer time?B. Must I visit the library?C. How much could I be fined?D. Can I lend them to my friends?Part IV IQ Test（5 minutes, 5 points）Directions:There are 5 IQ Test questions in this part. For each question there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.51. A postman delivers mail round a housing estate.He does not want to visit the same street more than once, but can pass ove r the same street corners.On which housing estate is this possible?52. Here is a riddle.I am suspended in the air, I touch nothing, and I am surrounded by lights. Now I dress myself afresh, and now I am naked, and I am in the heat and the co ld, by night and by day. Everyone amuses himself by tramping upon me, even the animals abuse and scorn me, and yet I have such treasures hidden in my bosom th at he who finds them I can make full of happiness.What is the answer to the riddle?A. The Sun.B. The Moon.C. The Earth.D. The Sky.53.Which of the following numbers should replace the question mark?A. 417.B. 926.C. 138.D. 172.54. This bar chart shows the heights of a class of pupils.Which statement must be true?A. 2 children are 125 cm tall or less.B. 8 children are at least 140 cm tall, but less than 145 cm tall.C. 8 children are more than 144 cm tall, but less than 150 cm tall.D. No children are taller than 158 cm.55.Can you guide the robot along the white squares through this grid?It starts on the square marked ‘Begin’ and finishes on the square marked ‘End’.You can only programme it to move FORWARD, TURN LEFT 90° or TURN RIGHT 9 0°.Which of the instructions below will guide the robot through the grid?A. FORWARD 4, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 4, TURN LEFT 90°,FORWARD 4, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 2.B. FORWARD 4, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 3, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 4, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 3.C. FORWARD 3, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 3, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 4, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 2.D. FORWARD 3, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 3, TURN LEFT 90°,FORWARD 4, TURN RIGHT 90°,FORWARD 2.Part V Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 35 points)Section A Multiple Choice (5 points)Directions:There is 1 passage in this section with 5 questions. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a sing le line through the centre.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.New Findings in Archaeology●South America and Madagascar were joined 70 million years agoPicture: ReutersAn old croc: The discovery in Brazil of a nearly complete fossilisedskeleton of the prehistoric crocodile Ubera-basuchus terrificus,above, supports theories that South America and Madagascar werejoined 70 million years ago.●We've all just got 40,000 years olderTwo skulls found in Africa have been identified as the oldest human remain s known to science. The fossilised bones found in 1967 were originally thought to be 130,000 years old. But a re-dating of rock layers near those which yielde d the fossils showed they are actually about 195,000 years old—from the time m odern humans emerged. The skulls, known as Omo I and II, push back the known pr esence of Homo sapiens in Africa by 40,000 years. The previous oldest Homo sapi ens skulls, dated to between 154,000 and 160,000 years old, were found near a v illage called Herto in the afar region of eastern Ethiopia. Omo I and II were u nearthed by famous palaeontologist Richard Leakey along the Omo River in southe rn Ethiopia, near the town of Kibish. Omo I's more modern features led to disagreement among experts over whether they were the same age. The rocks in which t hey were found show they are, said Australian archaeologist Prof Ian McDougall, who made the discovery. He told scientific journal “Nature”: “Omo I and Omo II are relatively securely dated to 195,000 years old, making them the oldest a natomically modern human fossils yet recovered.”Questions:56. By which means could the scientists tell the age of fossils they have found?A. The bones of the fossils.B. The place where they were found.C. The history of humans.D. Identifying the rock layers of the fossils.57. How many years older has our species become by the new discovery?A. 130,000.B. 40,000.C. 195,000.D. Between 154,000 and 160,000.58. Where were the Omo I and II found?A. Near Herto.B. Along the Omo River.C. Near Kibish.D. In Australia.59. What does the word “ homo sapiens” mean in this passage?A. Human being.B. A sample of fossils.C. A river.D. A country.60. Which of the following statements are NOT true according to the passag e?A. The discovery of an old crocodile skeleton in Brazil makes people b elieve that South America and Madagascar were joined 70 million years ago.B. Prof Ian McDougall thought Omo I and II were the oldest human fossi ls discovered.C. Prof Ian McDougall discovered that Omo I and II were not the same a ge.D. Omo I and II were discovered in southern Ethiopia.Section B Short Answer Questions (20 points)Directions:In this section, there are 2 passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. Read the passages carefully, then answer the questio ns in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 61 to 63 are based on the following passage.King JamesBefore the last shot of Michael Jordan's final game with the Ch icago Bulls, he left behind a moment that will hang in the minds ofsports fans the way he did in the air. His quick crossover dribble,with the help of a tiny shove, sent Utah Jazz defender Byron Russell to the floor. Wide open, Jordan nailed the game-winning jump shot, and he and the Bulls clinched their sixth—and Jordan's last—NBA title.At the Rose Garden Arena in Portland, Ore., last Wednesday, Cle veland Cavaliers star LeBron James, 20, became the youngest player to reach one of the toughest performance milestones in basketball, the “triple double” (double digits in points, rebounds and assists in a single game—he di d it again three nights later). During one play, his quick crossover dribble, s ans shove, sent a Portland defender veering to the sideline. Wide open, James s hot a three pointer. Swish. Nothing but Mike.Ever since Jordan's first retirement a dozen years ago, the NBA has search ed from Chi-town to China for a star as dominant and marketable as His Airness.The race to replace Jordan may end without a winner, but LeBron James, in just his second year out of St. Vincent—St. Mary High School in Akron, Ohio, i s already far ahead of the pretenders. His game is spectacular. James combines Jordan's ease at filling up the box score (and the stands) with a ruthless inst inct to win, a trait that Hill, a gentleman, and Carter, a diffident performer, surely lack. And like Jordan, James knows he can't do it alone. In fact, he is a complete team player who loves to pass the ball and make his teammates bette r: Iverson and Bryant can't claim much there.The biggest shock of all: the most hyped teen athlete of this century, who single-handedly put high school basketball on national television, has actuall y exceeded the ungodly expectations set before him. “The King James era is her e”, says Milwaukee Bucks head coach Terry Porter, who played against Jordan for much of his 17-year pro career. “You couldargue that LeBron is kind of carrying the league right now.”Questions:61. What does the sentence “Nothing but Mike.” indicate?62. Hill, a gentleman, and Carter, a diffident performer lack _________, c ompared with Jordan.63. Can you guess what Terry Porter was before he was a coach?Questions 64 to 70 are based on the following passage.Good news: Olympic chiefs visit London. Bad news: they'll be traveling byTubeIt's crunch week for London's bid to host the 2012 GamesBY ANDREW JOHNSON and JONATHAN THOMPSONSenior government ministers and British sporting heroes will be on hand to extol the capital's virtues when the 12-member International Olympic Committee (IOC) team visits this week to assess the London 2012 bid.Although much of their four-day visit is expected to be spent in the exclu sive Four Seasons Hotel in Canary Wharf grilling bid organisers in question and answer sessions, the evaluation commission will spend one day visiting London' s proposed venues—and will take a trip on the Tube. It could prove a costly jo urney.London 2012 organisers, who have spent up to ￡20m on the project, have pe ncilled in trips to the proposed sites, including the planned stadium at Stratf ord, the Millennium Dome at Greenwich and the ExCel centre in Docklands.However, the commission can insist on being taken anywhere, including the new Wembley stadium, which will host the football, or to the archery venue at L ord's, or even to Wimbledon or Hackney.Earlier this month, the Madrid bid suffered a setback over lack of accommo dations, which was criticised by IOC members. Will transport prove Londons' Ach illes' heel? On Friday The Independent on Sunday sent four reporters on various journeys across London to put the transport infrastructure to the test.Questions:64. How many people can the London's planned Olympic stadium hold?65. How many International Olympic Committee(IOC) members will visit Londo n and where are they going to have the question and answer sessions?66. What does “tube” mean in American English?67. London 2012 organisers have spent up to ￡20m on the project. The prop osed sites include _________ at Stratford, _________ at Greenwich and _________ in Docklands.68. Why was Madrid criticised by International Olympic Committee members?69. The Independent on Sunday sent four reporters on four journeys across London. The four journeys are from Canary Wharf to the following destination s: ① ,② ,③, ④.70. What is the problem which the authors worried about London's bid to ho st the 2012 Olympic Games?Section C True (T) or False (F) (10 points)Directions:In this section, there is 1 passage with 10 statements. Read t he passage and decide which of the statements at the end of the passage are tru e and which are false. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 71 to 80 are based on the following passage.Statements:71. The Oxford University Press are looking for some enthusiastic and hard -working higher education sales representatives to fill UK field sales position s based in South West, South London & West Midlands.72. The Higher Education Sales Representatives are required to manage thei r territories in a way that maximises sales growth.73. As one of the higher education sales representatives, he will get comp etitive salary plus car and bonus scheme and he will not work at home.74. Excellent organizational, presentation, and proven people management s kills are essential to be a Sales Support Co-ordinator.75. HTML skills are essential to be a Sales Support Co-ordinator currently.76. You have to work in Oxford if you are the Sales Support Manager or the Sales Support Co-ordinator.77. You can contact with either Sue Smith or Chris Tatton if you are inter ested in the post of Marketing Systems Executive.78. The closing date for all the mentioned posts is 4 October 2004.79. You can contact with the Oxford University Press by post or email if y ou want to apply the posts.80. You can get more information about all the posts from /recru it.Part VI Cloze-Test (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions:There are 10 blanks in the passage. For each blank, the first letter of the word has been given. Read the passage below and think of the word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank. Remember to write the answer on the Answer Sheet.Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it in Britain, an d have been turning to new ways of earning income from their land. This involve s not only p 81 new kinds of crops, but some strange ways of making money, the most u 82 of which has got to be sheep racing. Yes, you heard me corr ectly! A farmer in the West of England now holds sheep races on a regular basis,and d 83 the past year over 100,000 people have turned up to w 84 th e proceedings. “I was passing the farm on my way to the sea for a holiday,”on e punter told me, “and I thought I'd have a look. I didn't believe it was seri ous, to tell you the truth.” A 85 to a regular visitor, betting on sheep is more interesting than betting on horses. “At proper horse races everyone ha s already studied the form of the horses in advance, and there are clear f 86 . But nobody has heard anything about these sheep! Most people find itd 87 to tell one from another in any case. ”I stayed to watch the races, and I must admit that I found it quite exciting. In a typical race, half a doze n sheep race downhill o 88 a course of about half a mile. Food is waiting for them at the other end of the track, I ought to add! The sheep run s 89 fast, although presumably they haven't eaten for a while just to give them some m 90 . At any rate, the crowd around me were obviously enjoying thei r day out at the races, judging by their happy faces and the sense of excitemen t.Part VII Translation (15 minutes, 20 points)Section A English-Chinese Translation (10 points)Directions:Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage in to Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.The symbolic importance of the burger cannot be underestimated. (91) Under its beefburger guise, it was the first of the new range of “convenience” foo ds which were about to make the world a better place and begin the liberation o f women from the drudgery of home-cooking and housework. The older generation d id not approve, which made it all the better. In the Sixties the hamburger was a symbol of the techno age — perfectly circular and streamlined. It was as uni form and relentlessly predictable as only the latest technology could make it.(92) True, there were those who rebelled against it, but to most the hambu rger was a reflection of the national love affair with Americana（美国文化）. I。

2005年硕士专业学位研究生入学资格考试试卷第一部分语言表达能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）一、选择题1．下面各组词语中，没有．．错别字的一组是：A．乐此不彼密云不雨墨守成规循规蹈矩B．靡靡之音诲人不倦漫不经心循循善诱C．坚守自盗杀鸡儆猴出人头地力挽狂澜D．投机取巧骇人听闻目不瑕接龙潭虎穴2．下列加点字的释义全都正确的是A．失宠．（偏爱）韬．（显示）光养晦老骥伏枥．（马槽）B．爽．（失）约马革．（皮）裹尸作茧自缚．（捆绑）C．舞蹈．（顿足）既往不咎．（过错）悲天悯．（怜惜）人D．龌龊．．（肮脏）不知端倪．．（头绪）臭．（难闻的）味相投3．下没有语病的一句是A．“费改税”能否遏制住愈演愈烈的乱收费现象，这对农村工作是个考验。

B．亚健康状态，往往受到无规律的生活和沉重的学习工作压力而引起。

C．一听说有盛夏的免费音乐节，许多的附近居民早早就赶来，等待观看。

D．就反腐败这样一个国际性的顽疾来说，“公开”是最有效的一剂良药。

4．下面各句中，语意明确、没有歧义的一句是A．据外电报道，昨日新加坡一油轮起火爆炸。

B．小李见老王把他的书撕了，便揪住老王让他赔。

C．几个公司的领导对这个调整方案意见不一，争执不下。

D．工作组来我县调查的前三天，整个县城就己沸沸扬扬。

5．对下面这段话使用的修辞手法分析不当的一项是风是调皮的小男孩，抓把土抛到空中，趁机扯乱女孩子的长发；风是年老的画家，一味选灰色调，造出黄昏的画面；风是不高明的小偷，溜进屋时弄响了门，逃走时还在窗上留下了脚印。

A．这段话使用了拟人的修辞手法。

B．这段话运用了三个长度、句式风格相近的句子，这是排比的修辞手法。

C．这段话使用了明喻，分别把风比作“小男孩”、“年老的画家”、“小偷”。

D．这段话中几种修辞方法结合得不露痕迹，恰到好处。

6．下面这首古诗描述了我国民间一个传统节令的景象，这个节令是中庭地白树栖鸦，冷露无声湿桂花。

今夜月明人尽望，不知秋思落谁家？A．重阳B．七夕C．中秋D．元宵7．下面表述不．正确的一项是A．13世纪的《马可·波罗行记》是最早较系统地向欧洲介绍中国的一部游记。

2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析日常问候用语是考生必须熟练运用的知识，这与考生的口语操练有很大关系。

说促进听，是许多英语学习者的心得。

而且日常问候要视人而定，如英国人见面谈天气，美国人见面问身体等。

下面作详细介绍：1.问候类(Greetings)英语中的问候用语非常繁多，正式的通常有：How do you do?(初次见面通常用语)How are you?(比较熟悉的人之间用语)How are you getting along with...?(你近来...可好?)How are you doing?(您工作还顺利吧?)How is everything?(一切还好吧?)How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么样?)当今美国社会流行口语用语，大致有：What's up?(近来可忙?)Hello?Hi?What's going on?(近来可好?)How is life?How is it going?anything new?Pleased to meet you again!对以上问候的对答通常有How do you do!Fine!Thank you，and you?Every is fine!I'm just great!Very(quite)well，thank you!Couldn't be better，thank you!Not bad!Can't complain!Just so so.值得一提的是，随着美语越来越广泛地渗透，听力中用美语朗读且以美国社会为背景的题材的趋势愈加明显。

考生要注意日常口语对话，及时吸取信息，将对听力有很大的帮助。

请看下面的对话：A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven??t seen you for ages, but how are you?A：Fine, I??m just fine, Ms Lucy...2.告别类(Farewell)有聚总有散。